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{
    "localId": "193676",
    "label": "USSR: Vienna meeting: Background documents, 1953-1961: General",
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    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/193676"
}

{
    "id": "193676",
    "sourceUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/193676",
    "contentType": "document",
    "title": "USSR: Vienna meeting: Background documents, 1953-1961: General",
    "description": "This file contains materials collected by the office of President John F. Kennedy's secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, concerning the Soviet Union. Materials in this file include newspaper articles, background papers on nuclear science and possible cooperative space exploration projects, a summary of a telephone conversation between President Kennedy and French President General Charles de Gaulle, an itinerary for President Kennedy's trip to Vienna, Austria, and copies of a joint statement issued by the President and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev concerning nuclear weapons, disarmament, and Germany following discussions in Vienna. The majority of this file consists of telegrams and memoranda to President Kennedy from Cabinet members and advisors regarding suggested strategies for discussing subjects such as nuclear weapons, disarmament, Berlin, and Laos with Premier Khrushchev.",
    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/193676",
    "identifierLocal": "JFKPOF-126-001",
    "collections": [
        "Papers of John F. Kennedy: Presidential Papers: President's Office Files",
        "Country Files"
    ],
    "subjects": [
        "Soviet Union",
        "Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich, 1894-1971",
        "International relations"
    ],
    "iiifBase": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/76/1936/193676/content/presidential-libraries/kennedy/POF/JFKPOF-126-001/JFKPOF-126-001-p0002.jpg",
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}

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    "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/193676",
    "naId": 193676,
    "coverageEndDate": {
        "day": 21,
        "logicalDate": "1961-06-21",
        "month": 6,
        "year": 1961
    },
    "coverageStartDate": {
        "day": 13,
        "logicalDate": "1961-04-13",
        "month": 4,
        "year": 1961
    },
    "itemCount": 22,
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{
    "seq": 19,
    "pageIndex": 0,
    "type": "photo",
    "url": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/76/1936/193676/content/presidential-libraries/kennedy/POF/JFKPOF-126-001/JFKPOF-126-001-p0020.jpg",
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    "ocrText": "lb\nCOMFIDENT L\n-9-\nOn the other hand, it would be possible to indicate a range\nof possible relationships to the Soviet Union, extending to\ninterdependent programs and leaving it to them to select the\nstarting level.\nAs we contemplate programs that involve greater degree\nof cooperation, positive factors would be the impact on\nU.S./USSR relations growing out of intimate cooperation on\nlarge and meaningful projects, and the advantages accruing\nto both countries in carrying out space programs utilizing\nthe best of what each has to offer without unnecessary time\npressures. We must also anticipate certain increased diffi-\nculties. These would include the risk that the whole program\nwould be lost if one or the other participant withdrew because\nof political or other reasons; the fact that we would have to\nbe prepared to admit Russians to installations such as Cape\nCanaveral and to show them details of our booster and payload\nsystems (of course, the Russians would have to do the same if\nthey agreed to intimate cooperation), and the possibility that\nCongressional, scientific and public support might also be\nmore difficult because of the very-high costs involved,\ncoupled with the potential damage to our program if the Soviets\nbecame obstructive or withdrew.\nAt any level of relationships, proposals for cooperation\nin Category (c) have the greatest potential for matching the\nPresident's theme that \"Both nations would help themselves as\nwell as other nations by removing these endeavors from the\nbitter and wasteful competition of the Cold War. The Uhited\nStates considers exploration of the celestial bodies, particu-\nlarly manned space exploration, to be perhaps the most\nchallenging adventure of this century. This venture should be\nconducted on behalf of the human race and the earth as a\nwhole, not on behalf of any single nation. The vigorous and\naccelerating United States space exploration program is proceed\ning in this spirit. If the Soviet Union shares this conception,\nthen planning should be undertaken promptly for cooperative\nmanned exploration of the moon and unmanned exploration of Mars\nand Venus. These projects should of course be open to the\nparticipation of all interested countries, conceivably under\nthe auspices of the United Nations, They could, however, be\nundertaken most constructively only if the United States and\nthe Soviet Union agree on objectives and on coordination of\ntheir efforts for the most rapid progress and the most efficient\nuse of human and natural resources.\nO"
}