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{
    "localId": "193676",
    "label": "USSR: Vienna meeting: Background documents, 1953-1961: General",
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    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/193676"
}

{
    "id": "193676",
    "sourceUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/193676",
    "contentType": "document",
    "title": "USSR: Vienna meeting: Background documents, 1953-1961: General",
    "description": "This file contains materials collected by the office of President John F. Kennedy's secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, concerning the Soviet Union. Materials in this file include newspaper articles, background papers on nuclear science and possible cooperative space exploration projects, a summary of a telephone conversation between President Kennedy and French President General Charles de Gaulle, an itinerary for President Kennedy's trip to Vienna, Austria, and copies of a joint statement issued by the President and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev concerning nuclear weapons, disarmament, and Germany following discussions in Vienna. The majority of this file consists of telegrams and memoranda to President Kennedy from Cabinet members and advisors regarding suggested strategies for discussing subjects such as nuclear weapons, disarmament, Berlin, and Laos with Premier Khrushchev.",
    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/193676",
    "identifierLocal": "JFKPOF-126-001",
    "collections": [
        "Papers of John F. Kennedy: Presidential Papers: President's Office Files",
        "Country Files"
    ],
    "subjects": [
        "Soviet Union",
        "Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich, 1894-1971",
        "International relations"
    ],
    "iiifBase": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/76/1936/193676/content/presidential-libraries/kennedy/POF/JFKPOF-126-001/JFKPOF-126-001-p0002.jpg",
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    "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/193676",
    "naId": 193676,
    "coverageEndDate": {
        "day": 21,
        "logicalDate": "1961-06-21",
        "month": 6,
        "year": 1961
    },
    "coverageStartDate": {
        "day": 13,
        "logicalDate": "1961-04-13",
        "month": 4,
        "year": 1961
    },
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{
    "seq": 79,
    "pageIndex": 0,
    "type": "photo",
    "url": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/76/1936/193676/content/presidential-libraries/kennedy/POF/JFKPOF-126-001/JFKPOF-126-001-p0080.jpg",
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    "ocrText": "29\n- -2 -\nLastly, cooperation is required to carry out communications¹\nexperiments via satellites. To date, the Russians have rebuffed overtures\nfor communications¹ experiments, perhaps because it would have meant\ncommunication via U. S. satellites. However, this would still be a\nuseful, and dramatic, form of cooperation between the two nations.\nII. Planetary Probes\nBoth the US and the USSR are planning probes to the vicinity of the\nplanets. These will be immensely difficult and costly undertakings\nrequiring protracted programs that start with \"fly-bys, 11 advance to\nprobes that orbit the planets, then to those that land on the planets, and\nfinally to soft landings with equipment for surface prospecting.\nThe US and the USSR could coordinate their independent programs\nso as to provide for a useful sequencing and perhaps sharing of\nexperimental missions. This would result in scientific benefits and\nfinancial economies.\nCooperation could also be more intimate, with a joint program that\nwould include cooperative development of equipment and sharing of\nexperimental missions, and would point toward eventual joint launching\nof probes.\nNuclear Science\nIII. Accelerator for Bio-Medical Research\nRecent experiments have demonstrated the usefulness of the atomic\nparticles derived from \"atom-smashers\" in dealing with some human\ndiseases, including forms of cancer. Other work has shown that beams\nof atomic particles may be used as a \"bloodless\" technique in certain\nkinds of brain surgery. Space travel will require more knowledge of the\nbiological effects of radiation, which can be experimented with most\neasily by the use of energized particles from atomic accelerators.\nParticle accelerators now exist that can carry out these experiments,\nbut the time available on them is insufficient; new designs would also\nimprove their usefulness for bio-medical research. An international\nfacility comprising a moderate-energy accelerator devoted exclusively\nto bio-medical research would be a major addition to man's medical\ntools, and could become a major international center in research in the\nrapidly advancing biological sciences."
}