G-3 Memorandum Number 39 from Colonel H. S. Hawkins

Headquarters 35th Division American Expeditionary Forces 25th January, 1919. G-3 MEMORANDUM NO. 39: so geo 1. G-3 Memorand um No.25, 26th December, 1918, is hereby rescinded an d the following substituted in its place: 2. In all Terrain Exercises and Maneuvers of units in this Division where it is desired to indicate the enemy's position and fire the following will be employed. a) Hostile infantry front lines - Yellow flags; each flag will represent one platoon. b) Hostile machine guns - *white flags; each flag will represent two machine guns, and it will be assumed that each flag has 4 riflemen for protection. the and c) Hostile artillery fire - Red flags; each flag has a danger radius of 50 yards. It is also desirable to have Klaxon horns in addition to the flags. These flags will be operated by special details of offi- cers and men who will be selected and instructed by t he umpires, who are authorized to secure such number of men as are necessary. The flags will not necessarily outline the entir e enemy position or fire, but should they not do so the unpires will inform the Commanding Officer of the units concerned. 2. The umpire controlling the disposition of the flags should be in constant communication with the details operating th 3 flags in order that the scheduled situadions may be promptly simu- lated and also that, new situations as a result of good or bad maneuvering may be promptly adopted. 3. A great deal of the benefit to be derived from all terraiu exercises and maneuvers is dependent on the proper performance by umpires and their details of the scbedules outlined, and also on their thorough understanding of the plans and situations in- volved. All problems will be drawn up to illustrate some definite tactical idea which must bu kept constantly in mind. Umpires selected must be officers who will be able to see that these are properly carried out and who will be able to inject new situations with judgment, providing it is obvious that the original situation is not being carried out. Any new situations so introduced must not be complicated. Umpires will be propared to take part in the critique at the te rminati on of each exercise. 4. All troops concerned will be informed previous to the problems of the significance of the flags and of the object of the problems. During t he co nduct of the pr oblems they will be kept informed so far as possible of the changes in situations and their significance. (Over)