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PPF 9 PRESIDENT'S PERSONAL FILE Gifts D Jan. -Feb. 1943 t PPF900217 /PP7) January 6, 1943 PP4 9-D Dr Respectfully referred to the x10 officials of the Department of Justice for appropriate handling. file date 1/6/43 M.H. McINTYRE Secretary to the President XPPF + q-R Letter to the President, undated, from Roland E. De Barr, 42971 Marquette Prison, Marquette, Michigan. "I am hopeful this doily runner is suitable for White House B table. "Mr. President, I believe I live in the greatest country on this earth. I am proud I am an American in the U.S.A. under old glory." Sent Sently a by a pl x459 Prisoner PPF THE REAL ESTATE BOARD OF NEW YORK, INC. New York, N.Y. 9-D Ackd. Jan. 4, 1943 Sent copy of THE REAL ESTATE HOARD OF NEW YORK, INC., 1943 Diary and Manual. Given to Miss Tully. iok SEE: PPF-9-R KATLIN, Hon. Abraham, P.PF. Brooklyn, New York, January 16, 1943 - (ackd. 1/20/43). 9-D Letters to President, Miss LeHand, and Miss Tully, saying he left desk flags at the White House, hoping they have received them. Also on 1/13/43, left photo of President with request that he sign it for him. Miss Tully wrote to Mr. Katlin on above date, stating that the flags were received and President sends his thanks. She will see that the one left for Miss Lehand is given to her and has given Mr. McIntyre and Miss Bachelder theirs. Miss Tully regrets that the President is unable to comply with his request in autographing the picture. (Penciled notation: - 3/18/43 - Unsigned phot returned to Mr. Katlin as per his request and left flag for Mrs. Roosevelt. He called for the picture at the Gate. See P.P.F. 9-K fmf HOFFENBERG, Nathan, East Chicago, Ind. 1-23-43 (ack. 2-3-43) Sends President a little hand-made doily, made by his late Mother and sent to him from South Afrida in 1914. (storeroom) See P.P.F.9-H P.P.7 br 9-D 2 SALLIN, Bob PPF-9-D Pittsburgh, Pa. Ackd. Jan. 1, 1943 Let. to the President, enclosing drawings; tells about buying War Stamps. SEE: PPF 9-S ilo PPJ-9-D CATA, Eduardo M. La Habana, Cuba Dec. 11, 1942 Let. to the President, enclosing drawing of Mrs. Roosevelt to the Pres. for a Christmas present. Referred by memo, 1/4/43, to Hon. Summerlin for appropriate ackd. SEE: PPF 9-0 ilo PPJ-9-D CUNNINGHAM, George W. Concord, N.H. Jan. 2, 1943 Let. to the President, enclosing drawing. SEE: PPF 9-C ilo mcg CALLAWAY, Cason J. P.P.F. 9-D Hamilton, Ga. Dec. 25, 1942. Wrote to the President saying that he was expressing to him some Mallard ducks for New Year's. - - -The President wrote Mr. Callaway, Jan, 4, 1943 expressing his appreciation and thanks for the ducks and extending to Mr. Callaway and Virginia, New Years greetings. See - P.P.F. 1345 ROOSEVELT, Ruth Chandler Ft. Worth, Texas, Jan. 6, 1948. The President wrote to his grandchild that some friend had sent him a little chain and charm and that he was sending it to her Attached is a memo. to the President from Miss Tully of Jan. 4th, asking the President if he wants to send this chain to Ruth Chandler Roosevelt or to Sistie. Attached, also, is copy of a letter to Mr. Thomas P. Doyle, Sacramento, Calif., dated Dec. 30th, from Mr. McIntyre saying it was kind of him to send the President the chain and the two New Year Greetings Cards. Mr. McIntyre conveyed the President's thanks There was a ten cent war stamp on each of the two envelopes. Mr. McIntyre, by memo. of Jan. 1st, sent the two war stamps to the Treasury. SEE P.P.F. 4 AS P.P.F. 9-D pr.7. 9-8 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON January 7, 1943 10874-B the MEMORANDUM FOR THE STATE DEPARTMENT x20 Attention: Mr. Summerlin Would you be good enough to handle this matter? I don't think we want it. GRACE G. TULLY Private Secretary Enclosures Let to the P. 12/12/42 from Woldemar de Barkow, 400 south Kingsley Drive, Los Angeles, California enclosing photograph of bronze portrait in high-relief of the President. Wants to give it to him if he would like to have it. Executited by Ettore de Zoro for the knights and ladies Military and hospitaller Order of Saint of the Western Grand Priory of the Sovereigh Lazarus of Jerusalem in commemoration of President del Rio's visit to the U. S. Carlos anongo X P.P A8138 -563-A- Ecquador . oom BREWSTER, Harry E. San Francisco, Calif. PP7-9-D Dec. 18, 1942. Ackd. 1/7/43 Let. to the President, enclosing Victory Dolls - product of his own handiwork. Offers to send some to Mrs. Roosevelt if she wishes to have them. SEE: PPF 9-B ilo 1 7 PPF T storecom . L 2012 FISHER, Roger H., Greenville, Va. 1-6-43 (ack.) Sends a drawing to the President. (storeroom). See P.P.F.9-F br P.P.7. 9-D 7 PPF q.D January 6, 1943 My dear Mr. Davenport: The flowers to which you refer in your letter of December twenty-first, have been received. Please let me thank you, in the President's behalf, for your kind thought in sending them to him. Y pp 1 q-F F The suggestion which you make regarding income tax payments is being brought to the attention of the officials of the Treasury Department. Very sincerely yours, Grace G. Tully eb Private Secretary B Homer Davenport, Esq., 506 S. Third Street, Laramie, Wyoming. TREASURY DEPARTMENT: Sends box of artificial roses to the President; suggests income tax payments be made each pay day. Thank K fend suggestan T.A. to Treasry My dear Mr. Dawson: The kind thought which prompted you to send those items with your friendly note of xpp7 x 9-A December twentyefirst is appreciated. In the President's behalf, I thank you and have pleas- XPPF, 9-L ure in reciprocating your good withes. Very sincerely yours, Grace G. Tully Private Secretary W. E. Dawson, Esq., Byromville, Box 126, dd Georgia. I 7 Preea Perthu and January 6, 1943 T.A. 9-D My dear Mr. Dawson: The kind thought which prompted you to send those items with your friendly note of xpp7 x 9-A December twenty-first is appreciated. In the President's behalf, I thank you and have pleas- XPPF 9-L ure in reciprocating your good wishes. Very sincerely yours, Grace G. Tully Private Secretary W. E. Dawson, Esq., dd Byromville, Box 126, Georgia. uh 1/6/43 1, dd, Byromville, Georgia 11 December 21, 1942 Box 126 Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. President; In this sweet time of jubilee when att the world is gay, I send to you my "Soul"and pray, That in the years to you to come when lights and shadows fall, You will think of me as one who gave to you his "All". With very best wishes for you and yours, I am your true loyal friend, W.E.Dausm W. E. Dawson 11 7 PPF q-D January 7, 1943 Storesom My dear Mr. and Mrs. Devin: XPP7 + The President and Mrs. Roosevelt q-m have asked me to thank you and Mr. John McAskill for your cards of greeting and for the friendly thought which prompted you to XPP7 9-P send them the pillow and crocheted work. They heartily reciprocate your good wishes. X PP7 2 Very sincerely yours, XPPF 9-C Grace G. Tully Private Secretary Mr. and Mrs. Jas. Devin, Lake Pleasant, Massachusetts. cap CC - Mrs. Butturff handwrchief for mo.R 1 2 43 Dear President S,DD Isaid it hefore 2 Dear this. Rosevelh B Imisending you a w lettle Inclory As we pass through T cap the handkerchief and an gateway of the year eggshell me also Neope And life's road you like them and stretches away, Let's leave the Old Year's the pillowfor you both. cares behind Looking forward to this. Elizabeth Devin. each new day. For Victory vania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. dd Devin Leske 43 *** it ell The DAYS AHEAD , vania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. dd 1 43 Dear President Isaid ut hefore I'll say it again: your the Greatest May you beqin each day with a song, Gift God everyone Welcome each hour with a smile, the Nations and its May there be gladness god Bless you People s Hipe c/ for every week And pleasures for every mile. Family, vania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. dd M.Skake Mrs 1 43 Presidents.D. Rosevelt. As the YEARFLIES vania Hospital, Philadelpina, Pennsylvania. dd 43 FOR THE NICEST PLACE TO SPEND THEM IS HERE IN OUR ghth in X pp7 Ln 9-P eply ipted it vania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. dd N 43 YOU SHOULD HAVE A merry Christmas ghth in X PP7 * AND A in 9-P eply new year 4 pted it HAPPY PPY AND GAY 00 T1763 U.S.A. vania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. dd " et thr Leake this Jasunt Devin Missi 2 The very merriest 43 Christmas In the whole of the U.S.A. And freedom to enjoy ghth The coming in Year X PP7 n 9-P in every way eply ted 7. drace U. Jully Private Secretary x Francis K. Delp, Esq., University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. dd Christmas Greetings rrivate Secretary Francis K. Delp, Esq., University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. dd 888 yn.5 John Lake this Jase thas PP7D January 5, 1943 My dear Mr. Delp: Your letter of December twenty-eighth has been received and I want to thank you, in X pp7 the President's behalf, for your kindness in 9-P sending him the picture you mention. He deeply appreciates the friendly thought which prompted this presentation as well as the loyal spirit which your letter evidences, Very sincerely yours, Grace G. Tully Private Secretary Francis K. Delp, Esq., University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, dd Pennsylvania. Thank University of Pennsylvania Hospital, ach Francis K. Delp, Photographer. 1/5/13 id Philadelphia, Pa. Dec. 28th, I942. The President, Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. President: About twenty-five years ago I photographed a reproduction of an oil painting of the LIBERTY BELL, which I believe is the most revered relic of our beloved country. Every year since then I have presented a copy of this photograph to numerous friends and acquaintances, and they have all praised it SO highly, that I thought you would like to have one, SO I am sending you a copy under separate cover, which I hope will reach you in good order. At the same time I am sending a copy to the Governors of the Thirteen Original Colonies. With a sincere wish that the tolling of this bell might soon be heard throughout the entire world, I am Mr. President Yours sincerely, Francis Malb Letter of acknowledgment 1/12/43 to Miss Irma V. Dudacs, 821 North 19th Street, St. Louis, Missouri. dd ary 12, 1943 T.a. My dear Miss Dudacs: Permit me to thank you, in the Presi- P.P.7. dent's behalf, for your kindness in sending him the religious calendar. I can assure you that q.D I' he much appreciates your friendly thought. Very sincerely yours, tert, q-c V Grace 0. Tully Private Secretary X Miss Irma V. Dudacs, 821 North 19th Street, St. Louis, dd Missouri. January 12, 1943 T.a. My dear Miss Dudacs: Permit me to thank you, in the Presi- P.P.7. dent's behalf, for your kindness in sending him the religious calendar. I can assure you that 9.D he much appreciates your friendly thought. Very sincerely yours, I' tert, q-c V Grace 0. Tully Private Secretary X Miss Irma V. Dudacs, 821 North 19th Street, St. Louis, dd Missouri. et 1/2 I' P PP7 P7 7 R P - 6 6 12/6/42. Sends pencil sketch of the e nd, last May, to shorten time while recovering PP7 9-D to the the President etch. It is a picture he saw in a newspaper is: Trusts President will like this sketch. 2073 Osler St., Regina, Sask., Canada. ary 16, 1943. ention. CINTYRE ted UNITED STA POSTAGE INITED From Ima.V. Dirdacs UNITED STATES STATES POSTAGE POSTAGE 821 N. the st. AMEXICLO st. louis Reg mo. 10 10 CENTS 10 20 CENTS 20 vuro REGISTERED 1942 mrs. who D. Roosevelt S. Inc. 189216 The president of the u. A REGISTER washington CEAINT INSTRUCTS REGIOTE BETURN RECEIPT REBISTERED 1942 DEC LOUIS COW mcb January 16, 1943. PP7 9-D Respectfully referred to the Department of State for attention. M. H. MCINTYRE Secretary to the President X I' B64204. L/Cpl; Ben Doerksen, A. Wing, #3 C.D.I.R.U., Canadian Army Overseas. Letter to the President, dated 12/6/42. Sends pencil sketch of the PP7 President which he made last May, to shorten time while recovering 9-D in a hospital in England. It is a picture he saw in a newspaper 1/4 the size of his sketch. Trusts President will like this sketch. Writer's home address is: 2073 Osler St., Regina, Sask., Canada. meb January 16, 1943. PP7. 9.D Respectfully referred to the Department of State for attention. M. 11. MeINTYRE I' Secretary to the President B64204, L/Cpl; Ben Doerksen, A. Wing, #3 C.D.I.R.U., Canadian Army Overseas. drawingx Letter to the President, dated 12/6/42. Sends pencil sketch of the President which he made last May, to shorten time while recovering in a hospital in England. It is a picture he saw in a newspaper 1/4 the size of his sketch. Trusts President will like this sketch. Writer's home address is: 2073 Osler St., Regina, Sask., Canada. ROYALL, J.B., United States Marshal, Northern District of Florida, Pensacola, Fla. 12-22-42 (ack. 1-18-43) Writes he is figuring on sending the President a couple dozen quail. Writes Mr. Simmons he will get in touch with him, so he can deliver them to the President. Miss Grace Tully on 1-18-43 wrote to Mr. Royall, thanking him for sending the President gift of the quail and deer meat through Mr. Simmons. See P.P.F.9-R P.P.7. I' 9-D br 7 ppt q.D January 20, 1943 Stormoom My dear Mrs. Daniels: All that you say in your letter of recent date has been noted with interest and I want to thank you on behalf of the President and Mrs. Roosevelt for your kindness in send- ing them those miniature figures, products of your own handiwork. They are deeply grate- ful for the friendly thought which prompted this presentation. I' XP.P7 9-m You may be assured that the pride with which you refer to your son and husband and their service in the armed forces of our country is well understood by the President r and Mrs. Roosevelt. Very sincerely yours, on r Grace G. Tully Private Secretary X Mrs. Maxine Carla Daniels, ail. 913 North Tenth Street, Apartment 106, B sk Milwaukee, Wisconsin. pl ing cc: Mrs. Butturff. can S work- as ed LOVELY out so well. In creating her miniature I followed as near as I could figure gown NUV t out and with the description given in Life Magazine. Her little gown is rose- white satin, bodice is quilted and beaded in tiny seed pearls as are her sleev- es. From the V neck in back is gracefully draped her Court Train. In her right hand she carries a beaded evening bag and long white kid gloves, rings on two of her fingers. At Mrs. Roosevelt's left is an ivory chair upholstered in Very respectfully and sincerely, (mo.)maxine barla Daniels Mrs. Maxine Carla Daniels, 913 - North Tenth Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Apt. 106. Milwaukee Wisconsin, December 17th. 1942. ackd To the Personal Secretary of 1/20/43 the President of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt. To Whom it may concern: DEG 211942 At a time like this, when packages and mail is so heavy and great numbers of articles are being delivered to the White House I felt it much better that I write you giving you information and details regarding gifts I created for the President and Mrs. Roosevelt. My line of endeavor has mostly always been Art work and for the past eight years have done quite a bit of work in the miniature figure line. Have made over one hundred figures which are about eleven inches tall, cast of plaster, hand carved and then authentically dressed. My work has been on exhibit in Art Institutes, Department Stores, here and in New York City, Rockefeller Center, Radio City, and been viewed and photographed by National Geographic Society in Washington. My exhibit was shown with special permission of Nation- al Geographic Society as all of my data and copywork was attained from their books. In Life Magazine, taken on President Roosevelt's 60th. Birthday, there was a fine photograph of our President. In another issue was a most beautiful picture of Mrs. Roosevelt in her third Inaugural gown. Both of these photos we so grand that it inspired me to make them in miniature and present them as Christmas gifts. These miniature figures are copied as near likeness as possible in all detail. President Roosevelt is seated at his desk that is a replica of a modern desk and in a swivel chair. His suit is dark blue pin-stripe, white shirt, navy and white striped tie. In his pocket is a tiny hankie and in his lapel he wears the minute pin representing the Infantile Paralysis Foundation. Resting with ease are his hands on the desk and on the left hand little finger he wears his onyx ring. On the desk pad are his two pencils and paper pad. He also has on his glasses. To the right back is a standard bearing our American Flag. The mounting is maroon velvet. Had in mind to write in for a more detailed description of Mrs. Roosevelt's lovely gown but as I wanted this as a surprise for her it would not have work- ed out so well. In creating her miniature I followed as near as I could figure out and with the description given in Life Magazine. Her little gown is rose- white satin, bodice is quilted and beaded in tiny seed pearls as are her sleev- es. From the V neck in back is gracefully draped her Court Train. In her right hand she carries a beaded evening bag and long white kid gloves, rings on two of her fingers. At Mrs. Roosevelt's left is an ivory chair upholstered in Very respectfully and sincerely, (mo.)maxine Carla Daniels Mrs. Maxine Carla Daniels, 913 - North Tenth Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Apt. 106. (2) Garnet colored plush. Her left hand rests on the back of this chair and on her wrist she has a tiny watch and her Wedding ring on her finger. The skirt of her gown drapes and folds gracefully to the floor. Around her neck is a chain with settings. The mounting base is Azure Blue velvet. These two figures have been down to the Railway Express Company's office here and viewed and advise given on packing and shipping. They are packed in corr- ugated paper cartons and then placed in wood boxes. Directions for opening are on outside. Am taking them down to the Express Company to-day for ship- ment to the White-House and they are going to give them "Special" handling all the way down. Mr. Froelich, one of the head men of the Company is giving them personal attention. Felt it the better thing to do that I inform you so that you would know what the contents are and also how to handle them. They are very fragile but have given the packing a great deal of care and they should arrive without any breakage. It would please me very much if there would be a possiblity of the President and Mrs. Roosevelt opening the boxes themselves. They can be removed from the wooden boxes and then all that need be done would be the cutting of the bows that tie shut the door on the paper cartons. It is something that I am pretty sure they will not receive in a gift, something that I am sure to they will enjoy. Would you please favor me with your personal attention to these two boxes when they arrive and could it be -- "Do not open until Christmas"? Am working on another unit of figures now and am going to represent all the Countries in the World and all the principle Islands. After completion of same am again going to use it for exhibition and lecture work. It will not only be something beautiful and interesting to look at but I intend to work out a lect- ure whereby I intend to acquaint the people with the modes and life of Natives and Peasants of all Countries a nd instil in the hearts of people love and closer relationship along with everlasting Peace and Democracy as set down by our great and beloved President, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. My husband enlisted with the feeling and spirit that there was better reason to go out and fight for what we have and hold then to try and create more and not be able to keep it. He is somewhere over-seas now but I do not know where. My son, twenty-three, is a Turret Gunner on a Flying Fortress and Mr. Daniels is Corporal with an Ordnance Regiment on maintainence of Mobile Equipment, Communications, Camouflage and Engineers. It's been sometime since I have heard from my son, but I trust in God and that when their duties are done that they shall both return to me safely. God knows I love them dearly. Please let me thank you for your time given in reading this lengthy letter and trust that these tokens to the President and Mrs. Roosevelt will be enjoyed. May I extend to you my wishes for very pleasant and enjoyable Holidays and may God bestow his Blessings upon all. With hopes that these figures arrive in perfect condition and thanking you again, I am Very respectfully and sincerely, (mrs.) mayine barla Daniels Mrs. Maxine Carla Daniels, 913 - North Tenth Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Apt. 106. ADDRESS OFFICIAL COMMUNICATIONS TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE WASHINGTON, D. c. DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON P.Pt q-8 In reply refer to PR 811.001 Roosevelt, F.D./8444 January 21. 1943 My dear Miss Tully: I am enclosing herewith a copy of a despatch dated December 26, 1942 from the American Embassy at Buenos x866-a a Aires, together with an autographed copy of a book entitled Hacia un Mundo Nuevo which the author, Bishop that q-B Miguel de Andrea, desires to present to the President. The American Embassy at Buenos Aires has been requested to convey to Bishop de Andrea an expression of the President's thanks and appreciation. Sincerely yours, X 20 Chief of Protocol Enclosures: 1. From Embassy, Buenos Aires, no. 7905, December 26, 1942. 2. Book. Miss Grace G. Tully, FORVICTORY The White House. BUY UNITED STATES DEFENSE BONDS AND STAMPS (COPY:PR:FB) study EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Buenos Aires, Argentina, December 26, 1942. No. 7905 Subject: TRANSMITTING COPIES OF BISHOP DE ANDREA'S DISCURSOS FOR PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AND MR. SUMNER WELLES The Honorable The Secretary of State, Washington. Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith autographed copies of Bishop Miguel DE ANDREA'S book, "Hacia un Mundo Nuevo", addressed to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and to Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles, with the request that within the discretion of the Department they be delivered to their destination. Respectfully yours, For the Ambassador: EDWARD L. REED Counselor of Embassy Enclosures: As stated Benger 333 Fourth Des Soria, the Y. by PP.7 q-w January 22, 1943 My dear Mr. Denby: Permit me to make this belated acknowledgment of the copy of LINCOLNIANA, x169 to which you refer in your letter of xpet X 9.18 December twenty-fourth. The President wants you to know that he appreciates your kind thought in presenting the book to him and that he is deeply grateful for your friendly good wishes. Very sincerely yours, Grace G. Tully eb Private Secretary X Edwin Hooper Denby, Esq., 333 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Edwin Hooper Denby EDWIN H. DENBY ARCHITECT S. E.CORNER OF 25TH STREET 333 FOURTH AVENUE PHONE GRAMERCY 5-5257 NEW YORK DEC RECEIVED AM 2 THE WHITE 8 HOUSE 56 December 24th, 1942 The President Washington. D.C. Dear Mr. President :- I am sending you by separate mail a complimentary copy of the "Lincolniana", in which I hope you will find some interesting matter presented in a new form. I recommend particularly the pages in French and the English translation of Victor Hugo. His writings on Napoleon the first undoubtedly have a certain analogy with what is going on today in Europe. This book is the small edition. I have a very large one which I think will be of value to you in your library at Hyde Park : there are fewer pages but the printing is done in very large type; it will be sent some time next week. With both of these go my very best wishes to you for good luck in the happy prosecution of this war under your splendid leader- ship. With my sincere compliments Faithfully yours, Edwin Hooper Denby OF given to They HE ASSISTANT TO THE ATTORNEY GENERAL 1963 ₹ January 20, 1943 P.P.7. q-D Dear Mr. De Barr: The The President has asked me to thank you for sending to him the doily runner. He knows you must have put & great deal of time and effort into it and appreciates your thinking of him. Very sincerely, Grace 0. Tully Private Secretary Mr. Roland E. De Barr 42971 Marquette Prison Marquette, Michigan ier. aiki OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT TO THE ATTORNEY GENERAL DEPART QUI MENT OF BROUTH JUSTIC given to Then 4 Rooselt. Old DOMINA * JUSTITIA January 20, 1943 Pi MEMORANDUM FOR GRACE tully. Dear Grace: 6 Air: The other day Tom Quinn, The Administrative Assistant to the Attorney I am General, brought up to me the attached package which contains a present for the / number is President from a State prisoner. The usual custom is for the Department of Justice lite Hance table. to say the President gets so many gifts he cannot accept them and, therefore, the De- X: I believe g partment is returning it. Tom Quinn said the girls who handled this work had looked at it and noticed how much time and effort this man had put into it for the President. est country on They felt the usual answer would probably break his heart. ian in the am proud I am inclined to agree with them. For that reason I am sending a reply to him for your signature which you may or may not wish to use. I frankly think the runner ed glary 1/12/43-92. ack. is terrible but the prisoner must have thought it was lovely. I don't like to bother you about such trivia but it will probably make him E. DEBarr. feel pretty good, if you care to go along on it. I would if I were you. James I Rowe, Jr. Marquette, Krison, the Michigan er A NOTICE PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE THIS SLIP 100-2-23 V, Rooselt. FROM THE ATTACHED DEPARTMENT CORRESPONDENCE JAN 8 1943 SINCE IT IS A PERMANENT PART DIVISION OF BE C. OF THE RECORD. Correspondence Section DIVISION OF COMMUNI- CATIONS AND RECORDS ECORD P.R.6 Air: I am officials of the Department of Justice / number is for appropriate handling. lite Hance table. X; I belive I M.H. McINTYRE est country on Secretary to the President ian in the am proud ed glory. 1/12/43-92, ack. E. DEBarr. Marquette, Krison, the Michigan er. OR MEMO aits TO DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. (From Roland E. De Barr, N. Rooselt. 42971 Marquette Prison, Marquette, Michigan) e Air: Respectfully referred to the officials of the Department of Justice I am for appropriate handling. number is lite Hance table. X: I believe I M.H. MCINTYRE est country on Secretary to the President can in the am proud ed glory. 1/12/43-92. ack. E. DE Barr. Marquette, Krison, the Michigan aihd THE WHITE house washington N. Rooreelt. January 6, 1943 C. Air: Respectfully referred to the officials of the Department of Justice I am for appropriate handling. number is lite Hance table. X: I believe I M.H. McINTYRE est country on Secretary to the President can in the am proud ed glory. 1/12/43-93. ack. E. DEBarr. Marquette, Brison, the Michigan Thank + return aird President: mr. Rooselt. White House, Washington D.C. Air: hopeful this daily number I am is suitable for White Hance table. Mr. President: I believe I live in the greatest country on I am an american in the this earth I am proud N.S.A. under old glory. 1/12/43-92. ack. Goland DEBarr. 42971 Marquette, Krison, Marguette Michigan P.P.7, DILLON, Michael Aug President, TAYLOR-FRIEDSAM Company, Inc., 9-D New York, N.Y., - a 10/3 - (ackd. 2/3/43). OGLETREE, Julia Mae PP7 Birmingham, Alabama January 25, 1943 9-D Letter to the President, enclosing 10¢ for IPF and a drawing of a plane. Also wishes the President a happy birthday. SEE - PPF 310 "0" vsr P.P.7, DILLON, Michael Aug President, TAYLOR-FRIEDSAM Company, Inc., 9-D New York, N.Y., January 8, 1943 - (ackd. 2/3/43). Lot. to President, sending him a few yards of ribbon, they have made embodying the courageous phrase made by him in his address at the opening of the new 78th United States Congress.--Pibbon given to Mss Tully. See P.P.F. 9-2 fmf di Attorney or Agent of Carrier. January 27, 1943 p.r.7. q-D My dear Mrs. Dokus: It was good of you to let the President see that photostatic copy of the br picture you painted of him and, in his behalf, I thank you for the generous offer XPP79-6 you make in your friendly letter of January eleventh. While the President deeply appre- ciates your thoughtful gesture, he does not feel that he should accept the painting which has required so many hours of your painstaking labor. And, in any event, his collection of pictures and portraits of various kind has grown so large that he simply does not have room for any more. Please be assured that the President is grateful, too, for your hearty birthday greetings. Very sincerely yours, Grace G. Tully eb Private Secretary X Mrs. Juvet Dokus, 15 Niagara Street, Newark, New Jersey. Attorney or Agent of Carrier. IS Reg type 15 hiagars St 11 newark, n.J. Jan 11-43 President Franklin D. Roosevelt Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. President, I have just completed a painting of you from which I am inclosing this photostat copy. I painted it from one of your pictures that appeared on the eover of the new york daily news nov, 6th 1940. of you like this painting I shall be honored if you will accept it as a birthday present. Wishing you many happy returns of the day, and also as president. Inro. Junet Dokus, artist. S COVE JUCTD okus okus 1942 Nov BREWSTER, Harry E., San Francisco, Calif. 1-27-43 (ack.) Sends some "Victory Dolls" to the President. See P.P.F.9-B GPF br 9-D IVI Attorney or Agent of Carrier. January 27, 1943 plt My dear Mr. Dovel: Your letter of December twenty-first has been received and noted with 8 great deal of interest. It was kind indeed of you to XPP.7 send those souvenir bookends to the President. 9-B He has asked me to convey his hearty thanks and to tell you how much he appreciates the friendly thought which prompted this presentation. Very sincerely yours, 1 bookends not run- Grace G. Tully Private Secretary John A. Dovel, Sr., Esq., Box 203, Margarita, pl Canal Zone, C. A. Attorney or Agent of Carrier. 12 within arrange he pay the December 21, 1942. Charges on the book ends and t have the sender ack Marckal 1/27/43 for Uu when Paid received may cernational Air pl 336927) a pair / gament vita V express 3,00 est known wood and 1.00 - duty - 33'3% It is used for marines and many of 1112 - efferess charges .30 - storage original road bed of I dug up on the beach shington, New Cristobal. of bookends and pre- sonally presented one f the Canal Zone, and od neighbor jesture, air of such bookends favors, an not run- rom any officer. However, if there is a law that you cannot accept such a gift, and want them, you may send me a dollar signed war stamp as full payment. With the Seasons Greetings, I remain Respectfully John Dovel yours, Sr P.S. I am a native of Virginia and was raised in marlys ville, twelve miles north of Charlottesville. Box 203 Margarita, Canal Zone, C.A. Attorney or Agent of Carrier. a, Devol Si. 12 Canal zone C, a, Box 203, margarita, December 21, 1942. Book ends, - made achd from original rail and 1/27/43 the of the Panama P.OR, ternational Air pl $3.00 Value used from 1855-1855 336927) a pair gament vita / lest known wood and 1112 - efferess charges 1.00 - duty - 33'3% It is used for marines and many of .30 - storage original road bed of I dug up on the beach shington, New Cristobal. of bookends and pre- sonally presented one f the Canal Zone, and od neighbor jesture, air of such bookends favors, an not run- rom any officer. However, if there is a law that you cannot accept such a gift, and want them, you may send me a dollar signed war stamp as full payment. With the Seasons Greetings, I remain Respectfully John Dovel yours, Sr P.S. I am a native of Virginia and was raised in marlys ville, twelve miles north of Charlottesville. Box 203 Margarita, Canal Zone, C.A. 12 December 21, 1942. The President The White House achd Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. President: 1/27/43 I sent you via Pan American International Air pl Express service (bill of lading B-336927) a pair of book ends, made out of an old ligament vita / railroad cross tie. Ligament vita wood is the hardest known wood and the most dense, sinking in water. It is used for stern propellor bearings on our submarines and many of our larger ships. I dug up this tie out of the original road bed of the Panama Railroad; and the rail, I dug up on the beach of Limon Bay, east of the Hotel Washington, New Cristobal. I have made a number of sets of bookends and pre- sented them to my friends. I personally presented one pair to Governor Glen E. Edgertonof the Canal Zone, and one to Pres. De la Guardia as a good neighbor jesture, of which he was very proud. Now allow me to offer you a pair of such bookends as free and accepted. I expect no favors, an not run- ning for office nor running away from any officer. However, if there is a law that you cannot accept such a gift, and want them, you may send me a dollar signed war stamp as full payment. With the Seasons Greetings, I remain Respectfully yours, John A. Dovel Sr P.S. I am a native of Virginia and was raised in marlys ville, twelve miles north of Charlottesville. Box 203 Margarita, Canal Zone, C.A. 18 WELESLIES' Count your GTV BOX 802 ATTS DOLEY OF среътодсоват To E 5'2' I EN07 S USTIAO OF ord are 2004 Долье* 27/69/21 67 017 DOUGONS semery MOL apain U.S. LOTT belwouf S STIP aug MOUT prom don usA reug me S COTTOL apting HOMEASE' TO phone T8 V S Isan ppac 10n свитор 800600 edop UTDE 106 COLICO you 0.40A LLON TUA 0111001 98 (160 WIZO expect NO 0737 DOS HOM BIJOA THE for OTHER Acm 8.08TL OZ, enop processe OZ MyTop pe 188 деза DLONG one NO 1683 DO TO EU E Room Tearnie' OUTL NO CASLUOD Greu S1 RFC CENTUS youe SUC seneer cynsm до ша LITGUOR' I ONC I JUNG mage 8 OF sepa OT pookow S sug 010- OF гтшом Dear 6882 OT pure NOA 2890 and по OU one Drze BRACA9 sin I gue TO DT9 оприот epe Long ped 9% OUTI. TSLEEL spein DISOR JOB ON SERIES OF COL ATP goap --- 01020 ere: OZ pook enga' "wege ONE OI, BIJ OTC ATOU concern ASTATCC (PTET OI, require B-22098A) B OUTL I BEUF for AT6 BOU упелтоем VTL DOBL PAY 010 IND MITCH полее Spo ELECTOTUE TMENT TRANSPORTATION ENTRY AND MANIFEST OF .48 942 GOODS SUBJECT TO CUSTOMS INSPECTION Entry No ITM 2611 A AND PERMIT Entry No Class of Entry - I.T. UNITED STATES CUSTOMS SERVICE MAN (I.T.) (Wd.T.) (Wd.Ex.) (T.E.) (Drawback, etc.) Port District No. 18 Date Port of Miami, Fla. Date Dec. 22 1942 Entered by Air Express International Agency, Inc. to be shipped in bond via Railway Express Agency, Inc. consigned to (C. H. L. number) (Vessel or carrier) (Car number and initial) (Pier or station) Collector of customs at Washington, D. C. Final foreign destination (For exportations only) Consignee The President of th4 United States of America, Washington, D.C. (At customs port of exit or destination) Foreign port of lading B/L No. Date of sailing (Above information to be furnished only when merchandise is imported by vessel) Imported on the Airplane N.C.# 19902 Flag-American-on Dec. 22 1942 via Balboa (Name of vessel or carrier and motive power) (Date imported) (Last foreign port) Exported from Cristobal on Dec. 19 1942 Goods now at Pan American Express Dept. (Country) (Date) (Name of warehouse, station, pier, etc.) DESCRIPTION AND QUANTITY OF MERCHANDISE GROSS WEIGHT VALUE MARKS AND NUMBERS NUMBER AND KIND OF PACKAGES IN POUNDS RATE DUTY OF PACKAGES (See Note 1) (Dollars only) (Describe fully as per shipping papers) Addressed AWB # B 336927 One Pkg: Said to Contain: Book ends 9 lbs. $15.00 UNKNOWN NOTE 1-Also state cubic feet if freight is based on space tonnage. G.O. No. I truly declare that the statements contained herein are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. To COLLECTOR: I certify that the above-described goods were laden as stated Air Express International Agency, Inc. Entered by above, sealed with customs seals Nos (for signature) Charles Prchal, Atty. Declared to under oath before me on Dee. 32 1942 (Date) that the packages (were) Tagged, that the goods agreed with the manifest and were in apparent good order except as noted. Customs employee designated to Short or over from importing vessel or carrier. administer oaths, Sec. 486, Tarrif Act, 1930 (Title or designation) To the Inspector or Storekeeper: The above-described goods shall be disposed of as specified herein. For the Collector. RECEIVED from the collector of customs of above district the merchandise des- cribed in this manifest for transportation and delivery into the custody of the customs officers at the port named above, all packages in apparent good order except as noted Dec Date hereon. Railway Express Agency, Inc. Inspector or Storekeeper. Attorney or Agent of Carrier. INSTRUCTIONS AS form will be used as a combined entry or withdrawal and manifest for any merchandise transported in bond in the United States or exported soms custody. fr(2) Three copies will be required as a manifest in all cases for each lot or consignment, or for each vessel or vehicle (car, barge, truck, etc.), if nore than one is used; and when the merchandise is to be transshipped en route, one additional copy will be required for each transshipment. If one copy is lost, or can not be produced, a copy may be made from whichever manifest is available. (3) One copy of the manifest must accompany the vessel or vehicle and be delivered to the collector at destination for his record; another copy must be mailed immediately to the collector at destination, and when the goods are received at customs destination this copy, properly endorsed to show the arrival of the merchandise or its exportation or delivery into customs custody, as the case may be, will be forwarded to the comptroller of customs in whose district the port of origin is located, to be by him duly noted and forwarded to the collector at the port of origin; and the third copy will be retained as a record at the port of origin. When transshipment is involved, a copy of the manifest, prepared by the carrier, must be certified and mailed by the customs lading officer to the customs officer at each place of transshipment, to be retained by him as a record of his action. (4) IF THE GOODS ARE DELIVERED WITHOUT CUSTOMS AUTHORIZATION, THE CARRIER IS LIABLE TO A FINE. (5) Consult customs officer or Chapter XVI of the Customs Regulations of 1937 for the appropriate number of copies required for entry purposes. (6) As the form is the same whether used as an entry or withdrawal or manifest, all copies may be prepared at the same time by the carbon process, unless more than one vessel or vehicle is used, in which case a separate set of manifests must be prepared for each such vessel or vehicle. (7) Whenever this form is used as an entry or withdrawal, care should be taken that the kind of entry is plainly shown in the block in the upper right-hand corner of the face of the entry. (8) This form may be printed by private parties provided it conforms to official form in size, wording, color, and arrangement. For sale by collectors of customs at 25 cents for each block of 100. CERTIFICATES OF TRANSFER. (If required) INSPECTED I certify that within-described goods were transferred I certify that within-described goods were transferred at by reason of by reason of on 19 to to and seals found on , 19 , at on , 19 1 at and sealed with or seals and sealed with or seals Nos. and that Nos. , and that goods were in same apparent condition as noted on goods were in same apparent condition as noted on original lading except original lading except Inspector. Inspector, Conductor, or Master. Inspector, Conductor, or Master. If transfer occurs within city limits of a customs port or station, customs officers must be notified to supervise transfer. INSPECTOR'S REPORT OF DISCHARGE OR EXPORTATION AT DESTINATION Port Station 19 To THE COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS: Delivering line Car No Initial Arrived 19 Condition of car , of seals of packages. DATE OF DELIVERY TO No. AND KIND OF ENTRY BONDED TRUCK OR PACKAGES CONDITIONS, Erc. IMPORTER, OR GEN. ORDER OR GENERAL ORDER LIGHTER No. I certify above report is correct. (Seal) Inspector. I certify that goods described in this manifest were laden on the on 19 , cleared for on , 19 that the goods were in apparent good order and agreed with manifest except as noted. 19 , Inspector. mitted to the Collector of Customs at port on 19 omptroller of Customs, for his information. Acting Deputy Collector. PAN AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL AIR EXPRESS SERVICE PAN AMERICAN AIRWAYS SYSTEM AIRWAY емят NOT NEGOTIABLE 10 UBT VO Destriction odi nasm Hurls II Consigned to called YITA bas III Notify bns sbuloni lisrie (Delivery Address of the Goods shall be made only to the consignee named in above unless such consignee be due of the Carriers hereunder, as defined on the back hereof, or its agent of representative, III above, subject to the terms and conditions mentioned and referred to herein.) Shipper's Declared Valuations Weight Kiles Volume No. of Packages and Shipper's Description of Artlefes and Special Marks or Numbers по no (U. Cerrency) Manner of Packing (Herein called the "Goods") # For Customs For Carriage DEDIST Itada 11 to sdi to ebood 16 salem DISVITY 10 28 2169 10 adt to of berewoqme bas Y40 os bns ob LII to ast 2297005 15 requide gniving visa also none to about to bas Hoen bas 01 LILE Yes 03 One starts 503 to airds 20 ⑉ to theq risds по odt to II to mL 101 Dade Hade "Explain above Any excess of Carriers Valcagon over Valuarion 1 TO BE CARRIED in the PAN AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL AIR EXPRESS SERVICE, as defined on the back hereof, Via (a) From (A) To (B) (any other. heduledyIntermediate (Departure Point) 10 (D) (Terminal Point) (aby other scheduled intermediate stopping when and if, and in the number. quantity and condition, the Goods are received by a Carrier at each Departure International Point, respectively, Air Express Service, and upon as arrival contemplated of the Goods in 2 below, at each or, if Terminal the last named Point to (b) From (C) warded is the and estination consigned to be for there carriage delivered by another as consigned transportation above at agency the usual not place a part of of delivery the of Pan the American Carrier to Destination, upon prior payment of all unpaid amounts hereunder, and of all duties and 2 TO BE FORWARDED Point (if other than Destination), when and if, and in the number, quantity and condition, the Goods arrive such rminal and its connections, or if a contract of carriagecannot Point "charges, yment and of all consigned of which (a) shipper at the guarantees; receiving point and to be stated in 2X below by the Company, If other than point at (A), provided receipt Point, for of carriage the Goods to the is next knowledged succeeding therein Departre as ity and readily stated (b) at abové obtained Terminal or to from Destination such other by another transportation transportation agency agency for continuous not a part carriage of the by it, aforementioned or by and service its connections. or and by SQ such on through other once or transportation to such eftener next in succession. succeeding agency until Departure there shall Point be or obtained Destination, acontract then to for an the intermedia carriaget the point, Goods and likewise by another at each transportation such intermediate agency, classifications, or point by it to and be forwarded its tariffs, connections, rules. and consigned regulations, through to for uch conditions carriage next succeeding and schedules Departure of such other Point or transportation to:Destination, agencies all subject and to their the charges connections, and advances and to all the (and the te ms prior and payTe conc thereof, tions of their which contracts shipper guarantees), of carriage. bills and of the lading and/or eipts, whe and ther above or not shall actually SUBJECT issued TO THE TERMS, EXCEPTIONS PROVISIONS AND CONDITIONS ATED AND REFERRED corrections, TO ON THE and additions FACE AND The whether written, and printed, pasted for or carriage stamped, referred including, to in but not limiting the generality of the foregoi of which shall those instre contained Paragraph Carrier, on the and back subject hereof, to with the classificati such designations, tarifts, rates, rules, regulations, of condit the any BACK tions Carrier and HEREOF, as are permitted of the Carriers, or and to all hereunder, laws and regulations all which applicable are made to a the part Goods of this and Airwaybill, to the transportation and and/or delivery and/or to warding and consignment for carriage thereof, and subject to the Company's acceptance COLLECT Goods on form 2X below. Check (V) value to be declared to other transportation agencies: PREPAID (Au sums specified or referred to below In U. (Strike out 4 insurance not desired) currency unless otherwise stated) Shipper insur under Shipper a Declared alas for Carriage Maximum value subject to is recerred to below If Goods cannot be forwarded or delivered as consigned: Abandon; Return to shipper; Deli Carriers' Weight or Volume Charges The shipper hereby certifies that the foregoing statements of and the number agrees of that packages the LIABILITY and description OF and THE valua CARRIERS Goods for IN customs NO EVENT and for EXCEED carriage are the true Shipper's and correct, Declared Valuation for Carriage stated above, upon which such declared in part Carriers' Valuation Charges valuation, the charges and the shipper hereby agrees that all the terms, ditions and provisions stated or referred to in this SHALL of the Carriers will be fixed, liability for partial loss or damage to be computed on the basis of Carriers's C. D. Return Charges shall be binding on the shipper and each owner of the Goods or of any interest therein. 19 on Charges of Other Transp's Agencies to yes Dated at. MM on Shipper If shipper has requested insurance above, and 2X has been Shipper's duly signed Declared by the Valuation Carrier named for Carriage in the stated first line above thereof, (recovery this shipment seizure, to is 97 dous actual insured loss), by The against Sea Insurance FISKS of physical Company, loss Ltd., or damage in the amount from any of external cause provisions whatsoever, of an open except policy, directly a statement or indirectly OF which from termis legal and wat visions risks is or available hostilities, for inspection us by the to shipper. in File all claims with the with terms Chubb & Sons, Mgrs., 90 John St., New York, 4 of 19 2X Received by PAN AMERICAN AIRWAYS, INC, at. ... on to packages, agrees, upon and subject to the terms, conditions and provisions stated and referred to on the agencies at in apparent good order, except as noted hereon; said to contain property of the face description and back Insurance Premium The Company that the said packages will be forwarded and for carriage by other transportation and number, of this Airwaybill, and under the contemplated in 2 above, and that the said packages, when will'be and if, carried in the Pan Shipper's Deposit lo stuess the points condition are received by a Carrier at each Departure Point stated above, above, and, Account or Disbursements 11 quantity and International they Air Express Service from such point to the next succeeding Terminal Point stated American Terminal Point is Destination, will be there delivered as herein provided. TOTAL where such on behalf of Pan American Airways, Inc. on the above-date, and the above place, all of like tenor, full $ Six performance copies signed under any one of which shall be a full performance of all obligations under all such copies. Total celved from Shipper C.O.D. PAN AMERICAN INC. vd # other U. 8. Currency Kind of currency (If other than Amount in U. S. currency AIRWAYS, VILE Had to U.S.) to beremitted to shipper becollected delivery AS To3 By 19 apparent good order, (Specify Currenty) IX (a) RECEIVED For Accouns packages said to contain property of the above description, which are hereby For Account DISBURSEMENTS of Consignee accepted except as on noted behalf hereon of the undersigned and other Carriers, if any, on the route mentioned Airwaybill, below, for upon carriage and from point to (A) the of Shipper (Purpose terms, to conditions (B) but not and elsewhere provisions in the Pan American International Air Express Service, and for delivery stated and referred to on the face and back of this thereat to Con $ signee, point or for forwarding and consignment for carriage as contemplated in 2 above. has on all of like copies tenor, and each of the same validity, one being accomplished the others to stand void. signed on the above date, and at the above place (which is the address of the initial Carrier signing below), Initial Carrier et 8 19 In apparent order IX € RECEIVED at hereon, packages said to contain property of the above description, and which subject are Hereby to the except as noted behalf of the undersigned and other Carriers, if any, on the route mentioned below, upon from point (C) accepted on stated and referred to on the face and back of this Airwaybill, for carriage to Coli terms, to conditions (D) but not and elsewhere provisions in the Pan American Interna tional Air Express Service, and for delivery thereat to ** point a or for forwarding and consignment for carriag contemplated in 2 above. signed the above date, and at the (which is the address initial Carrier signing below), each on of the same validity, one being accomplished the others to stand void. from Due from Consignee adi 10 snon 19810 to $ Due Shipper LIVED ejoin agameb to Equiv. in Local Currency " can Airways, Inc. ..packages said to contain property 25 on 19 at and Dollars, for carriage to by shipper to be subject to the Classifications and Tariffs and to the terms and conditions of the undersigned Uniform Lieu of the terms and conditions of the attached Airwaybill. RAILWAY EXPRESS AGENCY, INCORPORATED, By ЗАНОТАИЯЗТИ ИАЗӀЯЗМА ИАЯ MADDINMA ИАЧ TERMS AND CONDITIONS THE PROVISIONS OF THE CONVENTION OF WARSAW OF THE 12TH OCTOBER, 1929 WHEN APPLICABLE HALL CONTROL IN LIEU OF SUCH PROVISIONS OF THIS airwaybill AS ARE INCONSISTENT THEREWITH he face and back hereof shall mean the company named in 9. If the Destination is point (B) or point (D), in the absence of other angements, notice well be XY face and back hereof shall mean the Company and any other zation which shall have agreed to carry property under the terms, notice. No Carrier shall be obligated to effect delivery of the Goods at the address of the consignee. Iffix Goods thereat, but none of the Carriers shall be responsible for failure of the consignee to receive such sent to the consignee by any ordinary method available to any of the Carriers, of the arrival of the and eterred to on the face and back of this Airwaybill and over whose each particular instance, and shall include the agents, representatives, portation charges of the Carriers may be assessed commencing five days after arrival of shipment. packages are stored on the premises of any of the Carriers, a daily storage fee of 1% of the total trans- If of the Company each such other company, person, agency and organi- Goods remain uncalled for at Destination, upon expiration of thirty days, any of the Carriers will have the right to them, in one or more lots, at public or private sale, without notice, or to return American ernational Air Express Service" and "Air Express Service" as used them by Carriers and/or any tation agency to point of receipt stated in 1X(a) back fively, shall mean the transport services (whether or not such ser- on the face hereof, and upon arrival wait instructions of the shipper, for which purposes the and services auxiliary or accessorial thereto, operated by or on shipper hereby expressly. gives the Carriers, and each of them, all necessary authority for such sales, of any of the Carriers which such Carriers shall have agreed to carry property under the or for re-shipment and re exportation of such shipment. The shipper agrees to pay, in case of such conditions provisions's tated and referred the face and back of this Airwaybill, return of Goods, a return transportation equal to the original transportation charge, and all 2. Notwithstanding the assumption and/or performance by any of the Carriers of any undertaking to other charges and expenses on account of nonclaimer of shipment. If the shipper shall refuse or forward and consign the Goods for carriage by any agency or agencies not a part of the Air Express neglect to make such payments within fifteen days after such return of the Goods, any of the Carriers Service, or that any Carrier states a rate through to any point, (even though part or parts of the route is authorized and empowered to dispose of the Goods, or any part thereof, at public or private sale, are not served by the Air Express Service) or may collect sums in respect of the charges of any such after giving shipper at the address stated hereon ten days' notice of its intention so to do, and to pay other agency or agencies, or that the Destination is not a point served by the Air Express Service, and itself and the other Carriers, out of the proceeds of such sale, any and all charges, advances and ex- notwithstanding any other act, whether or not of a similar nature or character, or any possible in- penses of the Carriers, and each of them. plus costs of sale, holding any surplus subject to orders of ference, it is agreed that (i) undertakings hereunder to forward and consign the Goods for carriage by the shipper. A sale of any shipment shall not, however, discharge any liability hereunder to pay any other transportation agencies not a part of the Air Express Service shall not be deemed undertakings deficiencies. to carry the Goods, and none of the Carriers shall be liable for any act, default, negligence, or omission 10. None of the Carriers shall be liable for loss, damage, deterioration, destruction, theft, pilferage, of any other such transp ortation agency or its connections, or its or their failure to provide proper delay or default, misdelivery or nondelivery not caused by the actual negligence of any of the Carriers facilities or service, to nake connections, or to collect and/or to remit any amount designated by the shipper to be collected on delivery, or for any loss, damage or delay which may occur to the Goods or of their representatives, correspondents, agents, servants or employees. while in its or their custody, and none of the Carriers shall be under any responsibility by virtue of any 11. None of the Carriers shall, notwithstanding negligence on its or their part, or of its or their such undertaking-wi respect to the Goods subsequent to the forwarding and consignment thereof for agents, representatives, correspondents, servants or employees, be liable for any amount in excess of carriage by any such agency and prior to the re-deliverylof the Goods thereafter to a Carrier, and (ii) the declared carriage value (in United States of America currency) stated on the face hereof: provided. any such transportati agency shall be deemed to be acting on behalf of the shipper and/or owner of however, that if under the law governing in any particular case, any of the Carriers shall be exempt the Goods and agent for, or on behalf or for the account of, any of the Carriers, and (iii) under- from liability, or its liability shall be limited to a lesser sum, then none of the Carriers shall be liable takings hereunder to forward and consign the Goods for carriage Destination other transporta- amount, or amount in excess of such lesser sum, respectively. The Carriers may deduct tion agencies part of the Air Express Service shall not be deemed undertakings to deliver the any unpaid charges, advances, damages or other sums to they, or any of them, may be entitled. Goods such Destination and none of the Carriers shall be liable for any act, default, negligence or None 01 the Carriers shall he liable loss of profits, [o] consequential special damages, whe dier omission its or of to make such proper delivery of its ith respect to such delivery or or not any of them had knowledge that such loss or damages might occur. result misdelivery delivery of the Goods by such transportation agencyay which may 12. The full charges of the Carriers for carriage of the Goods hereunder, whether prepaid or collect," and any further sums becoming păyable to any of the Carriers, and all fees. duties, taxes, charges, tions, none of the Carriers shall be under any responsibility whatsoever with respect to the delivery of the Goods at Destination, and (iv) Carriers shall be liable only for the use of reasonable care in the vances and payments made or incurred by any of the Carriers (not required hereunder to be borne selection such other transportation agencies, and (v) no bill of lading contained herein shall be lost or damaged or arrive at the fully and irrevocably earned whether or not the Goods herein. are or deeme contract for_carriage any other service with respect to the Goods, prior to the Destination, and shall be due and payable at any stage of the service hereunder, the Departure specified therein to the initial Carrier thereunder or beyond 13. LE gross weight, measurement or quantity carried exceeds the weight, measurement or quantity the Point specified and none of the Carriers shall be responsible under such contract on which charges have been computed any of the Carriers may collect charges on such excess. Any with the Goods prior to such delivery or subsequent forwar and consignment the error in transportation or other charges or in the description or classification herein of the Goods is Goods, required, at such Point or carriage onward therefrom by an agency not a part of subject to correction by any Carrier. Should a package or shipment consist several parcels for-more the ir xpress Service, and (vi) the contract under each bill of ading contained herein IS separate and than one person, full charges shall be paid on the parcels for each person as if shipped and consigned distinct rom the contract under each other bill of Inding contained herein. as separate kage or shipment. The shipper owner of the Goods shall be jointly and sever- The act, or any.duty in connection with act, referred or contemplated ally liable for all additional amounts. paragraph 2воп the face hereof, to be performed by any agent or correspondent which may be 14. The charges of the Carriers do not include the charges or expenses of any agency not & part of acted by any Carriery The only reasonable care shall be required in selecting any such the Air Express Service. corres pondent. Each the Carriers. and each such agent and correspondent, is authorized in warding and consigning the Goodsifoncarriage by any transportation agency or. agencies. at a 15. Upon delivery of the Goods to any agency not 2 part of the Air Express Service, any of the Care arrier or Carriers as defined above, to select such agency or agencies and their routes, unless such riers may authorize such agency to collect, prior to delivery of the Goods, and for the account of any one or more of the Carriers, any unpaid charges or advances of, or other sums owing to, any OL the agencies or routesbe specified in.writingiby the shipper. to make arrangements for carriage, including the execution and acceptance from any such transportation agency of bill of lading, con- Carriers. tract of-carriage receipt in such form as may be issued by it. with any special clauses or provisions, 16. Any of the Carriers is authorized (but shall not be obligated) to advance any duties, taxes whether written, printed, pasted or stamped (including provisions limiting the liability of any such charges and to make any disbursements with respect to the Goods, and the shipper and owner of the transpor agency connections); to consign the Goods for such carriage without declara Goods shall be jointly and severally liable for the epayment thereof. tion-of-value or with-a declaration of excess-of-the carriage valuation declared on the face 17. None of the Carriers shall be obligated to incur any expenses or advance any money in connec- hereof (irrespective of any auth orization by the shipper to declare the Goods at the maximum value not tion with the forwarding and consignment of the Goods unless the same is previously advanced to the subject to an excess value charge), and in the name of the shipper or in the name of any Carrier or con- Company by the shipper on demand... signor or shipper, and/or in the name of any Carrier or its agent or representative, or the consignee 18. In case the shipper shall have requested it so to do on the facé hereof, and the Company shall named on the face hereof, as consignee; to consolidate the shipment with other shipments; and to en- have signed paragraph 2X on the face hereof, the Company as agent for the shipper will arrange for the close the Goods in other_wrappers or containers and separately or with the property of others. In insurance of the Goods, in the amount of shipper's valuation for carriage stated hereon, under policy performing any of the aforemention acts or duties, none of the Carriers or any such agent or cor- or policies referred to on the face hereof. If the shipper shall not so request. the Company shall be respondent shall be deemed to e acting as, or subject to the responsibilities of, a Carrier, but only as under no obligation to-arrange for insurance on the Goods on behalf of the shipper, consignee and/or agent for the shipper to perform such acts and duties and shall be required to exercise only reason owner of the Goods, and in such event the shipper, consignee and or owner of the Goods assume all able care. risks except for loss or damage caused by negligence of the Carriers. Any charge made for valuation is 3. Without limitation on any other provision hereof, in the event that the forwarding and consign an additional charge relating to transportation and not to insurance. ment of the Goods for carriage byrother the Air Express Service, or carriage in the Air 19. If the shipment covered hereby is a C. O. shipment, the Company upon the collection of the Express Service, according to original routing instructions, or by customary routes or agencies, will, in amount designated by the shipper to be collected on delivery (such amount to be collected in currency the opinion of any of the Carriers, result in delay, or will be impracticable, the Goods may be re-destined of the United States of America or it's equivalent at the time of collection), will remit to the shipper the by any of the Carriers for carriage by any other route oragency or if, in the opinion of such Carrier, balance thereof at the rate of exchange on the date of collection remaining after deducting all remit- there is no other practicable route or agency, it may place the Goods in storage in the manner and with fance charges and all unpaid charges of the Carriers and all other sums hereunder. Such balance shall the effect stated in paragraph 6 below. The Carriers shall not be obligated, however, to re-destine the be remitted in such currency as the shipper shall designate, but only when and if, and to the extent, per- Goods for carriage by any-route or agency other than that stated in such routing instructions, unless mitted by law, such re-destination shall be specifically agreed to by the Company with the shipper, and in the event of any such change pursuant to any such greement the shipper shall be obligated to pay additional 20. All particulars herein mentioned relating to the Goods except only the number of packages with the marks thereon, are those declared by the shipper and none of such particulars (including anything charges expenses which may arise by reason thereof. stated as to contents, size, quality, quantity, condition, country of origin, and the like, or 4. Neither the Company nor any of the Carriers assumes any obligation to transport or deliver the implied from the character of packages designated) shall constitute, as against the Carriers, or any of Goods by a certain time or to carry them by any specified aircraft or other conveyance, or over any them, any part of their description OF the Goods as herein receipted for. particular route or routes or to make connection at any point according to any particular schedule. Each of the Carriers is authorized to select, and to deviate from, the route of the shipment, notwiths 21. Without limiting the generality of any other representations by the shipper, the shipper repre- standing the same is stated hereon, without any liability therefor, and to do all acts on behalf of the sents that the packages do not contain letters or other mail matter or other goods of any kind whatso- shipper, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, restating Points (A) and (B) and ever the carriage of which may be prohibited by any law or governmental regulation. to (C) and (D) on the face hereof, which may be necessary or appropriate in connection with as a 22. The shipper, consignee owner shall be jointly and severally liable for all damage, injury, result of any such selection or deviation. or death caused by the Goods Goods are their nature likely to cause loss, damage, injury 5. If in the opinion of any the Carriers it is necessary to hold the Goods awaiting forwarding, death, unless their nature has been fully disclosed by the shipper on the face of this Airwaybill, and/such re-forwarding, consignment for carriage, trans portation or delivery, such Carrier may store the Goods Goods may be abandoned or destroyed at any time without notice or compensation. for and at the risk and expense shipper and/or owner of the Goods, in any warehouse 23. The Goods at all times that they are in the possession of any of the Carriers shall, to the exclu- or other available or with customs authorities, and the shipper shall indemnify each of the Car- sion of all rights and claims of others than those of the shipper and the Carriers, and each bigliem, be riers against all such risks and expenses. subject to the of the shipper, which shall not be consistent with the rights of any of the of the Garriers (a) unable to forward or consign the Goods for carriage by any Carriers, or with any of the provisions set forth on the face or back hereof. agency & partion Air Express Service, or (b) shall reasonably conclude that because of the 24. The shipper, consignee and owner of the Goods shall be jointly and severally liable for the pay- existence of any state of facts, actual or reported, it is or will be unsafe or impracticable to proceed on ment of, and indemnity of Carriers for, all unpaid charges; advances and disbursements of the Carriers, the route, or in the event of physical nece ssity or any emergency, then such Carrier may place the and all costs, expenses, expenditures, fines, penalties, loss of time, and damages which any of the Goods storage at the nearest practicab place in a warehouse.or other place of storage, or in the Carriers may incur or suffer by reason of the illegal, incorrect or insufficient marking numbering, event specified in (b) above forward the Goods by any route or agency to or toward the Destination addressing or packing of packages, or the description of the Goods, or of the absence, delay or incorrect- of the Goods stated on the face hereof, all risk and expense of the Goods, the shipper, the con- ness of any export or import license, or consular, health other required certificate or document signee and the owner of the Goods. Any such disposition Goods shall constitute a valid and final or of any improper customs valuation, or incorrect statement of weight or volume, or (b) under the pro- delivery thereof under this Airwaybill, terminating all contracts hereunder and all responsibilities of visions of this Airwaybill are to be borne and paid by the shipper, consignee and owner of the each of the Carriers upon dispatch of notice thereof to the shipper Goods; and each of the Carriers shall have lien on the Goods for same; and each of them. and DO 7. Any of the Carriers may deliver Goods at any place to any transfer agent, for transfer or such lien, and no right of the Carriers to collect any of the foregoing, shall be-in any way frected. delivery, and in such case all responsibility of the Carriers shall cease as soon as the Goods come into or lost or prejudiced, by reason of the of payment, it actually paid, or by reason of the custody of any such transfer agent and until they again come into the actual physical custody of the delivery of the Goods or the surrender of possession of the Nothing herein contained shall he-Carriers. Any Carrier elivering to a transfer agent.shall liable only for the be construed as imposing any obligation or liability upon the Carriers or any of them to remedy or take use of reasonable care in the selection of such transfer agent. The transfer, custody or delivery of the any other action whatsoever in respect of the illegal, incorrect or insufficient marking, numbering, Goods by any such transfer agent shall be subject to its rules and regulations and to the provisions of addressing packing, valuation or description of the Goods the incorrect statement of their weight or the contract, any, transfer agent, whether or actually issued volume or to impose on them or any of them, any other obligation or liability whatsoever. 8. If it is necessary to make customs entry of the Goods at any place before the Goods reach Destin 25. In case of loss, damage, delay, misdelivery, ndelivery, or failure to remit any nation, the Goods are hereby consigned at such place to the person named hereon by the shipper as amount designated by the shipper to be collected upon delivery, notice of claim must be given to one of customs consignee, or Carrier to such place point, to-such customs consignee as the Carriers in writing sufficiently describing the Goodsi question, the date of the loss ondamage, and any of the Carriers may designate authority so to do. as well as to designate customs, clearance point the nature of the claim, within ten days after delive of the Goods to the consignee, or in case of non- or points, being hereby granted), but as the agent and representative of the shipper and/or owner of arrival or nondelivery. within one hundred and twenty days after the Company's signature of 2X on the Goods, without responsibility the Carriers, or any of them, therefor, whether or not the face hereof, None of the Carriers shall be liable in any suit which may be instituted upon such claim any of the Carriers be named or act as such customs consignee. For the purpose of making customs of unless such notice shall have. in been so given, and shall not be liable in any event. unless suit shall entry of the Goods and fulfilling Government requirements in respect thereof. and for the purpose have been instituted within two years after the which such loss or damage was caused. Any such customs entry only, a copy of this Airwaybill, certified by any of the Carriers, as correct, shall be of the Carriers shall have the right immediately to inspect any article in respect of which notice of claim has been given. deemed an original. guisc o 26. Without limiting any of the other provisions, none of the Carriers shall be liable for any loss, damage or delay directly or indirectly due to war risks or hostilities or the act or restraint of any government or strikes, riots or civil commonons ADVERTENCIA oficinas de traducción los Porteadores al español en los de palses este de formulario habla española. en las A Uma traducção desta formula em portuguez está afixada nos escriptories dos Transportadores em territorio de lingua portugueza. 5mg Copyright 1984, Pan American Airways. Inc. bedefits has then January 27, 1943 P.P.7. My dear Mr. Duval: 9-D I have received your letter of January twenty-first and want to thank you for your kind- ness in sending the President the copy of the book GOD IS THE ANSWER. You may be assured that it will be most gratifying to him to know that he has your friendly thoughts and your prayers during these critical days. Very sincerely yours, Grace G. Tully Private Secretary x Ewing Duval, Esq., 908 Fairfax Building, Kansas City, Missouri. dd 6wing Dural ing Duval 908 Fairfax Building ROBERT M. MURRAY Kansas City. Mo. ask January 21st 1943. pludy uh 1/27/43 dd, Grace G. Tully, Private Secretary to the President. The White House. Washington, D.C. My Dear Miss Tully:- Please accept our thanks and appreciation for your letter dated December 29th 1942, acknowled- ging receipt of ours of December 17th, to Mr.M.H. Mc Intyre with a book "Jesus Christ Heals" by Charles Fillmore of Kansas City, as an addition to Mr. Roosevelts library. I am mailing to you direct with my compli- ments another book, 11 God is the answer 11 by Dana Gatlin, published in Kansas City in 1938, which we are sure you will enjoy. Should the opportunity be available and in your judgement adviseable would like very much to have the President see this book in order that he may note the title, "God Is The Answer" with which he fully agrees, as the answer to our Governments affairs and to every individual. Were it possible I would be happy to place a copy of this book on the desk of every member of Congress, Cabinet and leading Government official, that the name might impress on them the answer to world affairs. We must seek continually by prayer, Divine Guidance and be assured of our Nations success and future welfarethrough our Faith in God. The American people should be grateful that we have as President, a Leader who understands the Teachings and Principles of Jesue Christ. Sincerely Yours Ewing Duval 908 Fairfax Building Kansas City, Missouri file February 17th, 1943 Grace G. Tully, Private Secretary to the President, The White House Washington, D.C. My Dear Miss Tully:- I am truly grateful to receive your lovely letter of January twenty-seventh in acknowledgement of ours dated January twenty-first and the book, "God Is The Answer. If From our files relating to the President's advice and counsel to the people along spiritual lines, we have detached and enclose a news article printed in the Kansas City Times, April 1st, 1942, repeating quotation made by Mr. Roosevelt at his press conference on March 31st, 1942, from an unidentified writer, and which he stated applied to the war situation at that time and was appropriate for Holy Week- In our opinion this was a splendid thought for the President to get before the public and certainly is still applicable today should he desire to repeat. We pray for his continued perfection in mind, body and soul. Sincerely yours, Eiving Dewal OUR GUIDE Roosevelt Calls for Forces of the Right to Rally Against Paganism. THIS WAR A NEW CRUSADE Not a Matter of Religious Faith but of Belief in the pr7. Truth. February 1, 1943 The President Carries On His Discussion in the Spirit q-D of Easter. SEES PACIFIC HARMONY iss Danzell: Council Should Work Well, He 9 Says-MacArthur's Power The President asks me to thank Embraces Everything. so much for your friendly letter and BY THEODORE C. ALFORD. (Chief of The Star's Washington Bureau.) Washington, March 31. you to know that he is indeed grate- - President Roosevelt our kind thought in sending him that called today upon the spiritual forces of a Chris- ake, This little note conveys his tian people to rally around the Sign of the Cross to wishes to you. "conquer the powers of black paganism that now Very sincerely yours, threaten everything we hold dear." From the letter of an un- identified writer, the Presi- Grace G. Tully dent at his press conference Private Secretary read a paragraph he said ap- plied to the present war situa- tion and was appropriate for Holy Week. "No matter what may be the re- ligious faith of individuals," Mr. Danzell, Roosevelt read to the newspaper- 'e Avenue, men gathered in his office, "mosigh, Americans see in Calvary's cross ia. eternal symbol that light will CO pl quer darkness, truth prove strong than error, and life greater tl death. It is the only sign by w/ we can conquer the powers of paganism that now threaten thing we hold dear." even Rudyard Kipling in 'Fringes of the Fleet' caught the feeling of ships and men so thoroughly." mcg 3 net pr7. February 1, 1943 q-D My dear Miss Danzell: 9 The President asks me to thank you ever so much for your friendly letter and he wants you to know that he is indeed grate- ful for your kind thought in sending him that birthday cake, This little note conveys his very best wishes to you. Very sincerely yours, Grace G. Tully Private Secretary Miss Agnes Danzell, 2903 Gilmore Avenue, Wilkinsburgh, Pennsylvania. pl even Rudyard Kipling in 'Fringes of the Fleet' caught the feeling of ships and men so thoroughly." F 9-D achd 43 2/1/43pe me. 9-D ?. toack a copy of the book gift, which Mr. Delano resident wrote to 11 read it at his first GGT us a roken to express my very best congratulations. I would also like you to know Q think you are carrying on as president of this fine country in a very wonderful manner and I truly thank god for your services. 26 ith best wishes for your Contin uld success and good health, 2 am yours truly agnes Danzell even Rudyard Kipling in 'Fringes of the Fleet' caught the feeling of ships and men so thoroughly." mee 3 so he 3 1/30/43 Re Y mrs Eben This letter is for a birthday cake recd, cake by was broken in halfand mail Today. The mashed. order. "T.A" Groshon by your 9 Date more -atory Institut at of and moal of NOT state an #sdd and at bris THE 203 the old equipee eden add witho .10% of nadetu feed VISA , awoy Viersonia VIEW VILUP .0 90020 stavisi Lienmad BocHa 88.12 ADRIVA etrom/ 10 does Iq 11% even Rudyard Kipling in 'Fringes of the Fleet' caught the feeling of ships and men so thoroughly." January 26, 1943 T.A 2903 gilmore are F. 9-D The President Willinsburg, W Pa. T he W hite House 9-D W Washington, D.C. Dear President Roosevelt, ; a copy of the book il gift, which Mr. Delano President wrote to Please accept this birthday cake ill read it at his first as a taken to express my very best congratulations. d would also like you to know Q think you are carrying on as president of this fine country in a very wonderful manner and I truly thank god for your services. 20 ith best wishes for your Contin uld success and good health, 2 am yours truly agnes Danzell even Rudyard Kipling in 'Fringes of the Fleet' caught the feeling of ships and men so thoroughly." mcg DELANO, Hon. Frederic A. Washington, D. C. 9-D Dec. 30, 1943. Wrote to the President enclosing a copy of the book "The Making of Tomorrow" by Raoul de Roussy de Sales, as a gift, which Mr. Delano thought would be interresting to the President. -- The President wrote to Mr. Delano, Feb. 2, 1943, thanking him for the book and will read it at his first opportunity. - Notation - "Sent to Series B." See - PPF22 9 even Rudyard Kipling in 'Fringes of the Fleet' caught the feeling of ships and men so thoroughly." mcg DOWS, Mrs. Tracy Rhinebeck, N. Y. P.P.F. 9-D February 2, 1943 (File date) The to him President wrote thanking Mrs. Dows for the beautiful crystal decanter decanter. sent Wrote to the President sending him a crystal - - for Christmas. - Notation - "Put with Christmas gifts, " See - PPF 5638 9 even Rudyard Kipling 111 ships and men so thoroughly." 1 mcg COOK, Miss Nancy P.P.F. Pi 9.D New York, II. Y. Feb. 2, 1945. The President wrote thanking Miss Cook and Miss Marian Dickerman for the lovely color photograph of the Library sent to him for Christmas. See - PPF 1256 9 even Rudyard Kipling in 'Fringes of the Fleet' caught the feeling of ships and men so thoroughly." work with February 2, 1943 My dear Mr. Macrae: pl.7 q-w Permit me to acknowledge the receipt of the copy of FIREDRAKE and to assure you that the President will much xppt 9-B appreciate your courtesy in sending the book to him. Very sincerely yours, Grace G. Tully eb Private Secretary John Macrae, Jr., Esq., Vice President, E. P. Dutton & Company, Inc., 286-302 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. John Macrae, Jr. JM, Jr:HMcG Vice President P. S. A few days ago we received a telegram from one advance reader saying: "What gives this book its overpowering, dramatic intensity and emotion- al appeal is the passionate honesty and simplicity of its writing. Not even Rudyard Kipling in 'Fringes of the Fleet' caught the feeling of ships and men so thoroughly." VICE PREST. ALGONQUIN 4-8762 ELLIOTT BEACH MACRAE CABLE ADDRESS: SECY & TREAS. "YARDFAR,NEWYORK" DUTTON & Co.,INC. PUBLISHERS ack study 286-302 FOURTH AVENUE as NEWYORK,N.Y. ESTABLISHED 1852 January 18, 1943 President Franklin D. Roosevelt The White House Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. President I am sending you a copy of FIREDRAKE: The Destroyer That Wouldn't Give Up by A. D. Divine, publication date January 25th. We have had an exceptionally strong reaction to this book and there is every indication that it will be a Best-Seller. Because of this reaction and because so many people think that the book has something to contribute to the war effort, we are backing it with a big, national campaign similar to the one given to "Queen of the Flat-Tops". This is the story of a ship, a small and gallant ship who fought her way to hell and back. There's a price on her head, because she represents what the enemy despises and hates the most-courage, fortitude and faith of the "little man" who refuses to recognize defeat no matter how overwhelming the odds. It is also the story of the men who fought in her and of their stout devotion to their ship and to the service to which they were pledged, but above all, it is the story of man's heroic soul and of the selfless, indomitable spirit by which a whole nation endures. As you follow the FIREDRAKE in action and bombs come screaming down and enemy ships rain death upon her, you realize that more than a ship is being torn apart, for a ship like the FIREDRAKE becomes a living symbol of the greatness of all the simple people who are bound to her. You see these men for what they are--individually simple, home-loving, God-fearing people. Just ordinary men with a great love of country and a great love of freedom. As you share these experiences with them, you become part of this great adventure. You too are living--or dying--in this brutal warfare. You too are doing your part in keeping civilization flickering in its darkest hour. The author, A. D. Divine, is known to many readers as the novelist, David Rame, author of "Wine of Good Hope", etc. He has just been awarded the D.S.M. for his heroic service. Sincerely yours, John Macroe, John John Macrae, Jr. JM,Jr:HMcG Vice President P. S. A few days ago we received a telegram from one advance reader saying: "What gives this book its overpowering, dramatic intensity and emotion- al appeal is the passionate honesty and simplicity of its writing. Not even Rudyard Kipling in 'Fringes of the Fleet' caught the feeling of ships and men so thoroughly." 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S DATOS O puounae opo on spep JATE To 150 OF - surg Esyjent 8974 apo contract you UNCYONSI SINTIST to THE 0110 Sq of me pook ped to CONSITINTS to for to peopre? of MTFH S PIE' Records 0% THE neworrow pecsnae BY pour Leokyo comp. sploys LOUCHTON to form poor 601 proto w sugression from TO w ne bad 2008 visitest stab ,onivia .0 qU I UII Non . 0004 OC EXCEPTIVE: Do state COME wh 2/1/43 dd February 2, 1943 P.P.7. q-D sings, way, My dear Mrs. Dehler: Eving It is my pleasure to thank you, in the President's behalf, for the kind + P.P.7.9.g thought which prompted you and the members whelt of your Knitting Unit to send him those handmade gloves for his birthday. He is, ca I assure you, especially grateful for your prayerful wishes. The clipping you enclosed with .ny. your nice letter, telling of the work being carried on by your Unit, has been noted with appreciative interest. Very sincerely yours, Grace G. Tully Private Secretary x Mrs. R. M. Dehler, 3455 Chippewa, St. Louis, Missouri. pl pit acktome, Giveto &' ackd St. Louis mo. 11 2/2/43e Jan.251943 Hon: Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dear Sir. Please except these gloves as a Birthday Unit. gift from our Knitting may the Lord Bless Penna " god you for many years au to fame. + hanced picture Grey group" Rosemony sincerly Dihler misR.M. Dihler KEEP THEM FLYING KNITTING UNIT 3455 chipping dd st Lauis mo. wh opt 2/1/43 Knitting Unit Makes The "Keep Them Flying" knit- q-D dd 465 Garments In Year February 1, 1943 ting unit observed its first anni- versary January 7 at a dinner at the Rose Bowl. During the year since the organization of the unit Stairsom birthday blessings, which is self sustaining, 465 gar- ments were knitted. Garments are sent or given to service men. The unit has 100 members and Ir. Delany: way, meets regularly at 3455 Chippewa street under the leadership of Mrs. In the President's behalf, I thank you Rosemary Dehler, chairman, and living Mrs. A. Dabrovolsky, secretary- treasurer. much for the kind thought which prompted you to send him those remembrances and that nice tome whell XPP7 G-P. P. card of greetings for his birthday. ca I have pleasure in conveying to you, Pennant too, the President's best wishes. god Bless Querica ny. Very sincerely yours, T fraund newspaper picture The Pres. Grace G. Tully Private Secretary L Eugene 0. Delany, Esq., 665 West 160th Street, New York, N. Y. permand dd who p.p.t 2/1/43 q-D Starroom birthday dd, February 1, 1943 7 blessings, My dear Mr. Delany: leads the way, In the President's behalf, I thank you Eving ever so much for the kind thought which prompted you to send him those remembrances and that nice XPP7 card of greetings for his birthday. tomr president whelt 9-P. ca I have pleasure in conveying to you, Pennant too, the President's best wishes. From god Bless Querica ny. Very sincerely yours, T fraund new paper picture 8ther. Grace G. Tully Private Secretary Tully L Eugene 0. Delany, Esq., 665 West 160th Street, New York, N. Y. X dd ack Store wh We 2/1/43 her you count your dd birthday blessings, There is one that leads the way, and it's simply that you're living In the dear old U.S.A. to mr. president Roosenelt of the United State of america From Eugene 0 Deloriy. 665 w/60 street new york ny. Very sincerely yours, Grace G. Tully Private Secretary Mrs. Massie Davis, 2248 East 97th Street, Cleveland, Ohio. pl HAPPY BIRTHDAY R.R.H. MADE IN U.S.A. O-423 PPF 7 q-D February 2, 1943 Storeson My dear Mrs. Davis: In the President's behalf, I thank PPF you ever 80 much for that handwork you sent 9-H him for his birthday. I can assure you, that Eddx he is grateful, too, for the good wishes ex- X 310 tended in that nice greeting card which ac- companied it. Very sincerely yours, Grace G. Tully Private Secretary + Mrs. Massie Davis, 2248 East 97th Street, Cleveland, pl Ohio. BIRTHDAY P.P.,7, 310- - D Greetings e President for his birthday.-Sent to 1940 fmf P.P.7, 310-D he President for his birthday.-Sent to A Birthday "Hello!" 1943 fmf When best wishes are due you, To wish you whatever Brings HAPPINESS to you! your Aged a Soldin DAVIS, Mrs. Massie, P.P.,7, Cleveland, Ohio, February 2, 1943 - ackd. 310-D Card and handwork sent to the President for his birthday.-Sent to Storeroom. See P.P.F. 9-D fmf DEPARTMENT PPI q-D D February 10, 1943 My dear Mr. Davidson: The copy of the booklet which you for- warded to the President has been received. You XPPF may be sure that your courtesy is appreciated. 9-B Very sincerely yours, M. H. McINTYRE Secretary to the President PP7 X 3249 B Maurice P. Davidson, Esq., Davidson and Mann, 122 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. dd COMPLIMENTS OF ach MAURICE P. DAVIDSON 2/10/13 DAVIDSON & MANN study 122 EAST 42ND dd, STREET 1943 ATTORNEYS AT LAW NEW YORK Respectfully referred to the p.p.7 State Department for acknowledgment. 9-D M. H. McINTYRE eb Secretary to the President Letter to the President, (written in Spanish - translated) Dated - 12/30/42. From: Pastor del Rio, Secretario General, Asociacion de Escritores y Artistas, Aermicanos, Prado 116, Habana, Cuba. x159-a X Sends as gift to President copy of publication entitled "America"; calls attention to portions xplt g.m 9- M thereof all very complimentary to the President. Extends best wishes to the President on behalf of this publication and of Association of American Writers and Artists. a February 12, 1943 Respectfully referred to the pp7 State Department for acknowledgment. 9-D M. H. McINTYRE eb Secretary to the President Letter to the President, (written in Spanish - translated) Dated - 12/30/42. From: Pastor del Rio, Secretario General, Asociacion de Escritores y Artistas, Aermicanos, Prado 116, Habana, Cuba. X -159-0 Sends as gift to President copy of publication entitled "America"; calls attention to portions xplt g.m X thereof all very complimentary to the President. Extends best wishes to the President on behalf of this publication and of Association of American Writers and Artists. & O.P-7, FASLAKIS, Mrs. Theodora, New York, New York, 9-D January 27, 1943 - (ackd. 2/8/43). Let. to President, enclosing $5.00; sent to I.P.F. Also sends him a doll. Sent to Storeroom. See P.P.P. 9-F fmf 001 POPE, Mrs. Mary, P.P.7, Dorchester, Wisconsin, January 25, 1943 - (ackd. 2/8/43). 9-D Let. and card of birthday greetings to President, also three crocheted doilies.--T.A. See P.P.F. 9-P fmf a. Birth Security PP1 q-P February 9, 1943 TA. My dear Mrs. Davis: The President is pleased to know that you, too, share his birthday and although belated he asks me to extend to you his best wishes. He hopes that January thirtieth was XPP7 a happy occasion for you and your loved ones. 9-E Protein Very sincerely yours, Rx ask. Grace G. Tully Private Secretary x Mrs. Emily Davis, 825 N. Walnut, Litchfield, Illinois. pl 3 broken eggs January27.,1943 ear President Roasivelt 2/9/43 11 my birthday falls 143pl the same day as yours. I hope by the time we celebrate our birthdays next year, these three bad eggs will he Crushed ! many happy returns of the day 3027 Sincerely Reid. Broken ack. Mrs. Emily Davis 825 n. Walnut TA Litchfield, Ill. Fift + R. M. Davis, Esq., 1305 North Quarry Road, Lynn, Massachusetts. dd ppt q.D February 17, 1943 My dear Mr. Davis: X# 3027 The small volume of Charles Dickens' A CHRISTMAS CAROL which you were good enough to * P.Pt send the President has been received and this little note conveys his hearty thanks to you 9-B for your friendly thought. Please be assured that your contribu- tion to the Infantile Paralysis Fund is appre- ciated. Very sincerely yours, Grace G. Tully Private Secretary + R. M. Davis, Esq., 1305 North Quarry Road, Lynn, dd Massachusetts. Unite States Dost Office ppt TEXAS q.D. February 26, 1943 Stormoom My dear Mr. Quill: It was kind indeed of you to send on the etching and verse to which you refer X pp7 in your letter of February sixth. Will you x616-xyz not be good enough to convey to Messrs, Earl 9-J Frank Drew and Floyd D. Jones an expression + of the President's cordial thanks and appre- XPP7 X ciation of their friendly thought in wanting 9-E him to have this product of their work. Very sincerely yours, Grace 0. Tully Private Secretary Y Honorable Daniel J. Quill, Postmaster, San Antonio, Texas. mtl 3 2-26-43 2 ack 43 POSTMASTER United States Post Office mill FIRST CLASS DJQ-ctw. SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS February 6, 1943. Honorable Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States, Washington, D. C. PERSONAL. My dear Mr. President: I have been handed etching and poem by Messrs. Earl Frank Drew and Floyd D. James, of San Antonio, Texas, to be dispatched to you via Parcel Post. It is sincerely trusted that you will enjoy seeing it and keep it as a memento of these times. With all good wishes always, I am, Sincerely yours, Daniel J. Quill, Postmaster. February 18, 1943 P.P.7. Dear Mr. DeBell: 9-D I regret very much that I have been so long in sending you this note. That very beautiful watch which you sent to me has been received and I am indeed very grateful to you for your kind thought of me. It is really a X most lovely one and I shall enjoy using it. With much appreciation and every best wish to you. Very sincerely yours, (Sgd)FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT x Joseph A. DeBell, Esq., 184 South Hudson Avenue, Los Angeles, California. ggt/tmb REFER TO FILE No. RECEIVED TREASURY DEPARTMENT Cew IEF SECRET INVICE FIELD FORCE UNITED STATES SECRET SERVICE 1943 JAN 11 Los Angeles, California think Hower 14th DISTRICT January 5, 1943 m. Ruly if ADDRESS: P.O. LOCK BOX No. 567 TREASURY Re: JOSEPH A. DeBELL, 184 South Hudson Avenue, Los Angeles, California. Mr. Frank J. Wilson, (Sender of Gift to President) Chief, U. S. Secret Service, X21-P Treasury Department, Washington, D. C. watch curtis given Brettiger Sir: to the In letter dated December 28, 1942, Supervising Agent Reilly ad- vises that a costly timepiece was received by the President from a Mr. Joseph A. DeBell, 184 South Hudson Avenue, Los Angeles, California. Supervising Agent Reilly asks that a discreet, confidential investigation be made to de- termine the identity of the sender who is not-known to the President. The address 184 South Hudson Avenue, Los Angeles, California, is a pretentious home located in an exclusive residential section of the city. The letter carrier serving this address stated that Joseph A. DeBell is a man approximately 50 years of age, single, and has lived at this number some ten years with a Mrs. Louise Hill to whom he is related. The carrier stated Mr. DeBell is an oil man and contractor and several years ago owned a string of gasoline service stations in Los Angeles. Records of the Los Angeles Merchants' Credit Association show that Mr. DeBell is 49 years of age, born in the Bronx, New York City. He is single with no dependents. He shows his business as building contractor and oil man and states he was an oil distributor in Newark, New Jersey, from 1918 to 1924 when he came to California. He was formerly owner of the Go-Gas Gasoline Com- pany, 8586 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, and from 1931 to 1939 under this name operated a number of gasoline service stations in Los Angeles and vicinity. This company no longer exists, and it is reported that Mr. DeBell was com- pelled to dispose of his holdings to some of the major oil companies. He still owns and operates a service station at 8074 Melrose Avenue, Los Angeles. Mr. DeBell claims an income of $10,000 per year for the past ten years. He shows ownership of a home valued at $12,000 with an encumbrance of $4,200; owns property at 8686 Beverly Boulevard valued at $25,000 with an en- cumbrance of $8,000; owns property at 8074 Melrose Avenue, value not stated. He owns two clear automobiles, a 1941 Cadillac and a 1941 Buick. Mr. DeBell has a satisfactory bank balance and owns securities, amount not stated. The file shows record of numerous small suits filed against DeBell, also numerous chat- tel mortgages by DeBell to numerous individuals, all involving service station equipment. To: Chief, 1/5/43 -2- Re: Joseph A. DeBell Dunn & Bradstreet's last report on Mr. DeBell is dated November 25, 1941, and he is now carried as an inactive account. He is shown as owner of the Lotus Oil Company, but this concern is not listed in City or Telephone Directories. Report shows his financial condition is highly satisfactory and that he is well spoken of personally and in a business way. Current assets are shown as $70,000, total assets $380,000. The current Los Angeles City Directory merely lists Joseph A. DeBell as residing at 184 South Hudson Avenue, Los Angeles. No telephone is listed in his name. No registration was found for Mr. DeBell at the office of the Registrar of Voters of Los Angeles County. Very truly yours, Fred C. Wasson FCW:EJB Agent Approved: Arthur arthur Mrube F. Grube W- Agent in Charge Approved: Thomastrole Thomas B. Foster Supervising Agent Orig. & 1 cc: Chief cc: SA, San Francisco RECEIVED HIEF SECRET SERVICE 14th 1943 JAN 11 PM Los Angeles, California January 5, 1943 567 TREASURY DEPARTMEN Re: JOSEPH A. DeBELL, 184 South Hudson Avenue, Los Angeles, California. Mr. Frank J. Wilson, (Sender of Gift to President) Chief, U. S. Secret Service, Treasury Department, Washington, D. C. Sir: In letter dated December 28, 1942, Supervising Agent Reilly ad- vises that a costly timepiece was received by the President from a Mr. Joseph A. DeBell, 184 South Hudson Avenue, Los Angeles, California. Supervising Agent Reilly asks that a discreet, confidential investigation be made to de- termine the identity of the sender who is not known to the President. The address 184 South Hudson Avenue, Los Angeles, California, is a pretentious home located in an exclusive residential section of the city. The letter carrier serving this address stated that Joseph A. DeBell is a man approximately 50 years of age, single, and has lived at this number some ten years with a Mrs. Louise Hill to whom he is related. The carrier stated Mr. DeBell is an oil man and contractor and several years ago owned a string of gasoline service stations in Los Angeles. Records of the Los Angeles Merchants' Credit Association show that Mr. DeBell is 49 years of age, born in the Bronx, New York City. He is single with no dependents. He shows his business as building contractor and oil man and states he was an oil distributor in Newark, New Jersey, from 1918 to 1924 when he came to California. He was formerly owner of the Go-Gas Gasoline Com- pany, 8586 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, and from 1931 to 1939 under this name operated a number of gasoline service stations in Los Angeles and vicinity. This company no longer exists, and it is reported that Mr. DeBell was com- pelled to dispose of his holdings to some of the major oil companies. He still owns and operates & service station at 8074 Melrose Avenue, Los Angeles. Mr. DeBell claims an income of $10,000 per year for the past ten years. He shows ownership of a home valued at $12,000 with an encumbrance of $4,200; owns property at 8686 Beverly Boulevard valued at $25,000 with an on- cumbrance of $8,000; owns property at 8074 Melrose Avenue, value not stated. He owns two clear automobiles, a 1941 Cadillac and a 1941 Buick. Mr. DeBell has a satisfactory bank balance and owns securities, amount not stated. The file shows record of numerous small suits filed against DeBell, also numerous chat- tel mortgages by DeBell to numerous individuals, all involving service station equipment. To: Chief, 1/5/43 -2- Re: Joseph A. DeBell Dunn & Bradstreet's last report on Mr. DeBell is dated November 25, 1941, and he is now carried as an inactive account. He is shown as owner of the Lotus Oil Company, but this concern is not listed in City or Telephone Directories. Report shows his financial condition is highly satisfactory and that he is well spoken of personally and in a business way. Current assets are shown as $70,000, total assets $380,000. The current Los Angeles City Directory merely lists Joseph A. DeBell as residing at 184 South Hudson Avenue, Los Angeles. No telephone is listed in his name. No registration was found for Mr. DeBell at the office of the Registrar of Voters of Los Angeles County. Very truly yours, Fred 0. Wasson FOW:EJB Agent Approved: Arthur Grube Arthur F. Grube RECEIVED JAN Agent in Charge Approved: Thomas B. Foster Supervising Agent Percisco Orig. & 1 00: Chief 00: SA, San Francisco December 28, 1942 WHITE HOUSE DETAIL Mr. Arthur F. Grube, Agent in Charge Los Angeles, Calif. Dear Sir: For your information a costly timepiece was received by the President from a Mr. Joseph A. DeBell, 184 South Hudson Avenue, Los Angeles, California. Christmas The President does not know the sender, and I have been requested to have a discreet, confidential investigation con- ducted to determine the identity of the sender. It is imperative that the sender not learn he is being investigated by the Secret Service. Very Very truly yours, Michael F. Reilly, MFR/hl Drace D. Supervising Agent CC SA, San Francisco Private Becretary AIR MAIL Dodge, Req., The & 1943 the Christmas Greetings may courtesy is appreciated. Very sincerely yours, X pet 9-B Grace G. Tully Private Secretary Arthur J. Dodge, Esq., 372 - The Portner, Washington, D. C. cap the President: Please except enclosed watch in token of my admiration for S2 as Treetings and best wishes is doing to pee the the great work His Epallincy 3 for Christmas I pray to Pod that The President and the New Year may have health, strength and strenuous work. long life to continue his with Sincere greetings. Sincerely,BeRell Joseph courtesy 18 appreciated. Very sincerely yours, X pet 9-B Grace G. Tully Private Secretary Arthur J. Dodge, Esq., 372 - The Portner, Washington, D. C. cap B P.P.7 9-D February 22, 1943 My dear Mr. Dodge: It was kind of you to send the President a copy of your story. You may be sure that your thoughtful courtesy is appreciated. Very sincerely yours, XPP7 X 9-B Grace G. Tully Private Secretary Arthur J. Dodge, Esq., 372 - The Portner, Washington, D. C. cap Complanents F The Aultor 7 you A Short Story to 02 of NEWSPAPERS NEWSP APERMEN and 8 NEWSPAPERMEN'S CLUBS In the Life of THE NATIONAL CAPITAL B dd By ARTHUR J. DODGE Washington Correspondent from 1887 President National Press Club, 1910-1911 , Buenos Aires, n Cooperation" WASHINGTON, D.C. 1942 A Short Story of NEWSPAPERS, NEWSPAPERMEN and NEWSPAPERMEN'S CLUBS In the Life of THE NATIONAL CAPITAL ARTHUR J. DODGE-Washington Correspon- By dent, 1887-1890. Editor Wisconsin State Journal, Madison, 1890-1894; Editorial Writer, Milwaukee ARTHUR J. DODGE Sentinel, 1894-1895. Washington Correspondent, Milwaukee Sentinel, St. Paul Pioneer Press, Vari- ous Trade Publications, 1895-1916. Member Standing Committee, Galleries of Congress, 1905- 1906. L.L.B. George Washington University, 1901. L.L.M. National University, 1902. Member Grid- "The Press of our country is free because the Constitution iron Club since 1906. Public Relations, U. S. guarantees its freedom. If that provision were struck out from our Department of Justice, 1926-1933. Special At- fundamental law, the press would not remain free for an hour. As an obligation, coupled with the very greatest self-interest, the torney, U. S. Department of Justice, 1941-19-. press ought always to stand as a supporter of the Constitution and Author-"Protection vs. Free Trade," 1888. as the finest advocate of a reign of law."-From the Address of Address, "Editorial Character," before Wisconsin President Calvin Coolidge, delivered at the Corner Stone Laying Editorial Association, 1892. Newspaper Serials, Ceremonies of the National Press Building, April 8, 1926. "History of Gold and Silver Money," "Paper Cur- rency in the United States," 1896-1898. Mono- graph, "Admission of Wisconsin to Statehood," 1898. "Financial Problems," 1903. "The Vital Issue Before the American People," 1908. "The Folly of Free Trade," Moody's Magazine, 1909. WASHINGTON, D.C. "Self Education of An Industrial Secretary," 1917. 1942 "Denver As An Industrial City," 1923. "Origin and Development of the U.S. Department of Justice," 1929. "Miscellaneous Sidelights on Shakespearean Literature," 1941. IN THE EARLIEST DAYS In the beginning there was war and politics. One was the begetter of the other. All down through the years, from the time, in 1800, when Washington City became the Capital of the nation, the influences of war and politics have been very much felt in the growth and develop- ment of the City. The population of Washington was swelled by a few thousands, after the early wars, and by many thousands in the wars of recent years. And politics has been of the meat on which the city feeds, and largely influential in the growth of the place. From the very first hour that thought was given to the establishment of a National home for the new American Republic, down to the present day, the newspapers of the country have had an important, if not a con- trolling part in shaping the destinies of this Nation which, from the small beginnings, in 1789, has come to be the mightiest and most influential political entity in the world. There is every reason to believe that a chance meeting between Alex- andria Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson on the sidewalk in front of the residence occupied by President Washington in the City of New York, then the Capital, for the time being, of the new Nation, fixed the future home of its capital city on the banks of the Potomac River, in a ten-mile- square area, made up in part of Maryland and in part of Virginia soils. It is reasonable to speak of that meeting as a chance affair. Those notable figures, in the beginning of the nation's life, were obliged to meet in the sessions of the President's Cabinet, of which they were members, but it is doubtful that from choice they met in the social or political life of the time. They were personally as far apart in their every day life as they were in their ideas of Government and the political and economic life, or in their hopes and ambitions for the people. The differences of opinion and beliefs of these men and their followers have come down through the years, and have been the guiding and controlling factors in our national life. The Federalist and Aristocrat-the Democrat and Homespun. The different ideas of these men were at the forefront of the debates in the then and later Congresses of the new Nation, and those ideas came to the surface in that morning meeting in front of the temporary residence of General Washington. A project very dear to the heart of Hamilton, as Secretary of the Treasury, had just suffered defeat by a vote in the Congress. That project was the proposed assumption by the new Federal Government of the debts incurred by the individual states in prosecuting the War for Independence. Hamilton believed that if those debts were not taken over by the new Federal Government such heavy burdens of debt upon the individual States would engender insidious seeds of disunion which would imperil the very life of the new Union of States. It is reasonable to assume that Hamilton's mind that morning was busy with "what to do"? Then along came Jefferson to supply the answer. It was framed for him by the alert and far-seeing Hamilton, who opened the conversation 3 with Jefferson by telling him of the defeat of the "assumption plan" in the of the First Congress. Then came a period of ten years during which the Congress and of what he (Hamilton) believed to be the greatest menace physical foundations were laid for the capital of the new nation on the to the new nation. Jefferson protested his lack of information upon the site to be named for "The Father of his Country". question, but admitted grave concern about any ideas that might threaten the union of the states. Hamilton then opened up his "What to do?" He In many respects the location of the Capital is delightful. Midway reminded Jefferson that a number of members of Congress from the South- between the Atlantic Ocean and the first of the ranges of mountains which ern States had opposed "assumption", but, perhaps, on "second thought" span the country from the North to the South across the Western reaches, they might be made to see their way to change their votes. What would its climate is tempered by the breezes from the sea on the East and from induce that "second thought"? the mountains on the West. Physically, the site selected was all that could be desired. The natural hills, or at least high ground, dotted spacious For many weeks there had been under discussion in Congress the plan plains along the shores of the Potomac River, which threads the land- for locating the Capital of the new nation. Opinions were much divided. scape with its silvery line marking the natural boundary between the North The Southern States Members, generally, favored a location toward the and the South, and flowing like a dream between the peoples of the two South. Baltimore was such a site, which had some support, but those sections where, from the beginning, were the "cavalier" people of the who did not want the Capital located in a large commercial city favored South and the rugged "Puritans" of the North. What a site for a political "a point on the Potomac". The Members from the Northern States were center of the new nation! Almost midway between the centers of the political divided between New York and Philadelphia, but those who opposed any and economic life, typical of the old South, such as Charleston, S. C., and large city site favored a point on the Delaware River, on the Susque- Philadelphia, one of the industrial centers representative of the mighty hanna, or any similar location. North; and, only 40 miles from a representative city of Southern political feeling, Northern industrial activity and economic progress, Baltimore. It was then that the shrewdness of Hamilton asserted itself. If a few It was to have been expected, amid such surroundings and influenced by Southern members could see their way to change their votes and "go for the representatives of the conflicting thoughts and emotions of the leaders assumption" he, Hamilton, believed that a sufficient number of Northern from the various sections, that the intellectual vigor of the South should States members could be induced to vote for a Potomac River site, or find expression in the question of the location of the Capital, as well as in some such locality favored by the Southern States Members. You can all of the controlling economic and political problems of the day. There see Tom Jefferson rising to that bait like a bass to a fly in June time! it was that the political and economic ideas of James Madison, George He did not wait for Hamilton to suggest what to do. Tom Jefferson, al- Mason, Thomas Jefferson, and Patrick Henry, met in the active arena of though later exhibiting a "small streak" by alleging that Hamilton had forensic debate with John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Robert Morris, "outwitted" him-Jefferson proposed that he would give a dinner to which John Jay, and Elbridge Gerry of the North, with those cool and careful would be invited the right men for the right results. The story is told that holders of the balance, the stabilizers of the time, George Washington the right members of the Southern contingent, with considerable reluc- and John Marshall who looked beyond the peaceful life of the planters to tance, agreed to make the change. The Northern votes were delivered the wide horizon of the industrial progress of a mighty and resourceful for the "point on the Potomac" for the Capital. You can see between the nation of free and progressive citizenry to be. But right there, are to lines of the plan how pleased Washington and Jefferson were with the be seen the breeding grounds of conflicting ideas which made this Capital result. The "assumption" bill was saved-and the union of the States. a center of political discussion that has been, and still is, the lifeblood and Newspaper writers in those days had a chance to tell the story of what interest of the newspaper press, which was born with the Capital itself compromises will do in a stressful time. The compromise, as agreed upon, and the Nation for which it stands. carried the point that the Capital should remain in Philadelphia for ten years. That gave time for the building of the Capitol on the Potomac The beginnings of newspapers in Washington accompanied the estab- lishment of the Federal Government in the Capital City. When the Federal site, and the moving of the Government thereto in 1800. Government gathered together its "lares and penates" to move from the City of Philadelphia to the proposed site of the new Federal City, amid a forest, on the banks of the Potomac River, a newspaper and its working LOCATION OF THE FEDERAL CITY force of editors, printers and printing plant all joined in the move, and took up an abode in the new National Capital. For about 140 of the 150 years covering the life of the Republic the City of Washington has been the center of its national and interna- Of the 140 years of Washington's existence as the Capital, nearly 100 tional affairs. Momentous issues which began with the War for the In- years have witnessed the activities of journalistic reporting of the doings dependence of the Colonial States of America were followed, in a few years, of Congress, and of the government departments, much in the manner by the adoption of the Constitution of the United States and the meeting in which it is done today. Of course, the beginnings were small and only 5 4 a scattered few of the leading newspapers of the country, prior to 1860 and the outbreak of the Civil War, had their representatives correspon- under different management. The early days of the City also witnessed dents here, notably, journals in New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Bal- the establishment of a paper known as The Globe, another, The Tele- timore. With the growth of the West and the development of the impor- graph, and another, The Madisonian. These journals were practically tant centers of industry and commerce at Chicago, on the Great Lakes, at personal organs of the then leaders in politics, notably The Globe, under Cincinnati, on the Ohio River, and St. Louis on the Mississippi, there were the editorial management of Francis P. Blair, Sr., an able and enthusiastic developed newspapers which, soon after being created, sent representative supporter of Andrew Jackson, while The Telegraph, under the manage- correspondents to the Nation's Capital to report upon National and In- ment of Duff Green, was equally active in support of John C. Calhoun. ternational affairs. Later came various papers such as The Republican, and other and smaller From the earliest days in the history of the new Nation writing men, journals, which flitted their hour upon the stage, and then passed away to whether as editors of the then small and comparatively insignificant peri- make room for The Evening Star, The Post, The Herald, The Times and odicals, or the leading men of the day, notably Benjamin Franklin, Alex- The News, the journals of today. ander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson and others, The history of the various periodicals, weekly and daily, that were frequently penned for the publications of the time critical comments upon born, survived for a greater or shorter length of time, and then passed public men and measures. Small and unimportant as were the periodicals into the limbo of forgotten things, would fill a book of moderate size. of those days, they were utilized by Hamilton, Madison and Jay as the From the earliest days, down to the establishment of The Star, in 1852, receptacles into which were poured those fundamental treatises on govern- and The Post, in 1877, the roster contained the names of The West Ga- ment, and elaborate expoundings of the proposed Constitution of the zette, started in Georgetown, by Benjamin Moore, in 1796, before the United States, the papers of "The Federalist," which then were, and ever National Intelligencer, established by Samuel Harrison Smith, in 1800. since have been, recognized as the chief influential instruments which in- The equipment for this latter paper, which withstood the storm and stress duced the small and scattered Colonial States to unite in the formation of Washington newspaper life for more than sixty years, was transported of the new Republic. to the then new "Federal City," to be on hand at the beginning, by a sailing vessel from Philadelphia. The coming of the plant was long delayed by Very early in the life of the Nation writing men became associated in storms at sea, but arrived in time to record the removal of the Capital to one way or another with the Executive departments of the government, Washington. In the next ten years there witnessed the beginning, and and, as was the custom in those days, over thinly disguised nom de plumes, ofttimes the ending, of that many newspapers. The Cabinet, by J. Lyon, they engaged in writing for the public prints in criticism or commendation in 1801, followed by The Atlantic World, by John Wood, The Washing- of the work of the new Congress and of the heads of the new Executive ton Expositor, by Denmore J. Cooper, The Monitor, by J. R. Colvin, The departments. For the most part, in those days, and for many years there- Spirit of '76 by James R. Carter, followed, in 1816, by The National after, even down to the time of the establishment of rapid communication Register, by Joel K. Mead. Then came the first Washington Critic, by M. by telegraph and steam railroads, say in the Thirties, the comment upon Wright, in 1818, and in 1820, The Metropolitan, by Wm. Alex Reid, Jr. the workings of the Congress and the Executive departments of the govern- There were The Calendar, by William Force, The Washington Republican, ment were made by the editors of the periodicals of the time. Compara- by John Agy, The Columbian Star, by Anderson and Meehan, The African tively little was done in the way of actual reportorial reproductions of the Repository, (the first colored people's paper) by Rev. R. R. Gurley, The doings of the new government. When the Nation was formed, in fact United States Telegraph, significantly forecasting by its name the coming for the first 40 years of its life, the land and water transportation was of of the telegraph for transmitting information; The Globe, by Francis P. primitive type, stage coaches and sailing vessels, and communications from Blair, and The Political Register, by Duff Green. The notable journals one state of the Union to another required from a week to four or five of later years included the names of substantial papers, some of which weeks for dissemination. When the first Congress held its sessions in are recorded herein, coming down to the present day. The Evening Star, Philadelphia, in 1789, only two newspaper writers were engaged in re- established in 1852, had for many years as its sponsors George W. Adams, porting the daily proceedings of the body. Crosby S. Noyes and Samuel H. Kauffmann. The Post, founded in 1877 by Stillson Hutchins, The Capital, founded by Don Piatt, The Hatchet, EARLY NEWSPAPERS AND WRITERS established in 1884 by Brady, Helm and Heath. With the transfer of the Federal government from Philadelphia to During the times which covered practically the first 50 years of the Washington, in 1800, there was brought to the new Federal City the equip- life of the Federal City, the current events in International and National ment requisite for the establishment of a newspaper, the National Intelli- affairs were reported and commented upon chiefly by the editors of these gencer. This paper lived for many years and was, from time to time, publications, personally, and the reporting of actual events was but spar- ingly done by any of the public journals. There being no telegraphic 6 7 before about 1840, the correspondence from other cities printed Federal affairs to the people of the States, came with the rise of conflict- publications, and the reports sent out from Washington to other ing opinions and the political and social excitement which preceded the carried by the mails. war between the states, in the latter part of the fifties. There were then became recognized that the character of newspaper work in located in Washington as writers for their respective papers, Whitelaw especially correspondence covering world as well as national Reid, representing The Cincinnati Gazette; Murat Halstead of The Cin- required special qualifications, chiefly that of familiarity with cinnati Commercial; Horace White of The Chicago Tribune; Uriah H. problems and the principal questions involved in the affairs Painter of the Philadelphia Inquirer; Ben: Perley Poore of The Boston National Capital, such as war activities, National finances, the Journal; L. A. Gobright of the Associated Press; John Russell Young of whether by customs duties or by internal revenue taxation, and The New York Tribune, and a few others. All of these men became famous of questions which are considered by the Executive and his as writers upon public affairs or as editors of great journals which con- and the two houses of Congress. In all the years which have tributed much to the formation of public opinion. Probably the one news those immediately preceding and after the Civil War, the quali- writer who began in the early days of the Republic and spent the longest of writers in Washington have been along the lines dealing in time in the service of newspapers at the National Capital, was L. A. Go- and national affairs. bright, who entered upon his newspaper career in Washington in the early "thirties," during the second administration of Andrew Jackson. It is recorded that from then down to the days following the Civil War, CAPITAL NEWSPAPER MEN there were periods when Gobright was practically the only newspaper writer in continuous service at the Capital. For more than 40 years he special qualifications of newspaper correspondents were soon was a Washington correspondent, and among his works was the report- include adaptability for ascertaining the sources of the news of ing of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Gobright wrote news out and special aptitude for obtaining the confidence of public of Washington regarding the progress of the Civil War, the attempted im- was these characteristics which early had an influence in develop- peachment of Andrew Johnson and through part of the first administra- line of prominent writers and effective news gatherers, who tion of U.S. Grant. During the long span of his service he wrote regard- at all times a high standard of journalistic ethics, and who ing the attempted assassination of President Andrew Jackson, and he such confidential relations with public men that they frequently recorded the death of John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United States in with detailed information concerning important policies to 1835. Mr. Gobright departed this life in Washington, on May 14, 1881. was imparted to them, not for the purpose of spreading such before the public, but as background which necessarily ex- The development of the modern daily newspaper began in the "thirties" public information and gives a clear foundation for such with the work of Horace Greeley, James Gordon Bennett, Sr., and Henry when made public by newspaper men. The writer at the J. Raymond as the founders or editors of what came to be great journals therefore, who came to be recognized as reliable and careful in in the City of New York, The Tribune, The Herald and The Times. In of news, became not only influential in his writings, but a periods of great popular interest in public affairs, these men frequently strength to the publication he represented. The high standards came to Washington and personally examined public questions which were blished have been maintained to the present day. This is best agitating the minds of the people, and from here sent to their respective by the fact that leading men in the administrative and legisla- journals observations and critical comments, written according to their of the government come to know the writers upon whom individual views on the issues of the day. Greeley and Raymond served with full confidence rely, and the offices of such leaders, short terms in Congress and while here contributed to their newspapers in the executive departments or in the halls of Congress, have comments upon the affairs which engaged the attention of the legislators to the high-standard writers upon public affairs in Washington. and the executive officers of the government. only to scan the lists herein recorded to observe how many there the Washington writers of the earlier years who attained fame Among other writers who were known to have visited Washington in standing in the newspaper life of the country. those early days, and remained here for differing periods of time, collect- ing material for the publications for which their styles of writing were importance and influence of journalistic representation at the seat especially adapted, were Samuel L. Clemens (Mark Twain), and Francis is recognized wherever there are legislative and executive Bret Harte, Joaquin Miller and Walt Whitman. In later times the roster of of government, whether in the National domain, in the various writers upon public affairs in Washington exhibits the names of such the Union or in the important states of other lands. giants of the pen as Don Piatt, Chas. A. Dana, Henry Watterson, George earliest record of names which became household words to the Alfred Townsend, John W. Forney, T. C. Crawford, Stillson Hutchins, people as writers upon government, and upon the relations of John Hay, Henry Adams, Joseph B. McCullagh and many others. 9 8 It is not easy in these days of rapid communication by the air, through the radio and the airplane, for one to realize how difficult it was in the President Johnson and the Republican leaders in Congress, and the re- early days to reach the thinly populated places in the states along the construction policies instituted for the Southern states, the number of Atlantic seaboard, when there was available only the slow and infrequent correspondents in the galleries of Congress increased to 49. Among those mail service by stage on land and slower boats on the water. listed at that time were the following: C. S. Noyes, Washington Star; J. R. Young, New York Tribune; L. L. EARLY ROSTER OF WASHINGTON WRITERS Crounse, New York Times; H. V. Boynton, Western Republican Press; Horace White, Chicago Tribune; W. B. Shaw, Boston Transcript; F. A. The Civil War period, 1861 to 1865, brought to Washington an in- Richardson, Baltimore Associated Press, and J. B. McCullagh, Cincinnati creasing number of representatives of the press. In 1860-61 there had Commercial. There were at this time 20 offices of newspaper correspond- been arranged, in both houses of Congress, a number of desks assigned ents all located on what was long known as "Newspaper Row," on the east to regular correspondents of the press. The fact that with the opening side of Fourteenth Street, between Pennsylvania Avenue and F Street, of the first Congress, and for a number of years thereafter, the sessions of except the New York Associated Press, which was at 432 Pennsylvania the Senate were secret, and all attempts to open the sessions to the public Avenue, and The Boston Post, at 215 F Street, Northwest. were defeated, caused a strong adverse opinion as to publicity of the doings of that body, or comment upon the records of the senators. In BEGINNING OF CLUB ORGANIZATIONS 1802, two years after the transfer of the Federal government to Washing- ton, it was by a close vote of 16 to 12 that the Senate adopted a resolu- At this time, namely, on March 7, 1867, there came into being the tion making accessible to the news writers the hall of the Senate. In the first recorded establishment of a club oganization of Washington news- beginning of the Civil war period there were listed as correspondents at papermen. It was not a press Club, but was specifically designated as the Capitol the following: "The Washington Correspondents' Club," with twenty-five members, about J. L. Crosby, New York Associated Press; A. S. Mitchell, New York half the number then registered in the press galleries of Congress. The Washington Star, March 7, 1867, records: Times; U. H. Painter, Philadelphia Inquirer; L. A. Whiteley, New York Herald; G. W. Adams, New York World; A. R. Spofford, (later, and for "A special meeting was held in the Tribune Rooms (467 Fourteenth Street, N. W.) for the purpose of perfecting the organization. A constitution and many years, the librarian of the Library of Congress:) Cincinnati Com- by-laws were adopted. Mr. J. R. Mcfarland of The Washington Chronicle mercial; Ben: Perley Poore, Boston Journal; J. R. Young, Philadelphia and Mr. P. R. Brooke of Tne New York Times, were added to the executive Press; and L. A. Gobright, Associated Press. committee, and a number of new members were elected. The Club is now fully organized and starts upon its career under most favorable auspices. The Records have been made showing the growth of the Washington cor- officers are: L. A. Gobright, of the New York Associated Press, President; respondents' corps from a period about 1823, when additional press G. W. Adams, of The New York World, First Vice President; J. B. Mc- facilities were established at the Capitol. In 1827 there came here as the Cullough of The Cincinnati Commercial, Second Vice President; Crosby S. Noyes of The Star, Secretary, and L. L. Crounse of the New York Times, first accredited correspondent of a New York newspaper, James Gordon Treasurer. The Executive Committee is composed as follows: W.B. Shaw of Bennett, senior, later the founder of The New York Herald. Mr. Bennett The Boston Transcript, and James R. Young, of The New York Tribune, B. K. was the correspondent for The New York Enquirer. This assignment was Elliott, of The New York Express, W. W. Worden of The Baltimore Sun, referred to (Hudson's History of Journalism) as a "new feature." Mr. J. W. Fitch, of The Boston Post, J. Macfarland of The Washington Chronicle, and P. R. Brooke, of The New York Times. Bennett sent letters to his paper in New York, and signalized his service by instituting a campaign for the nomination of Martin Van Buren for The constitution of this organization declared among its purposes, president of the United States. A few years later, certainly by 1839, the "To secure the advantages of organization, and for the cultivation of local news gatherers in Washington had access to the floors of the two fraternal sentiment." The chief function of this club, during the few houses of Congress, and in 1857 a gallery for the correspondents was years of its existence, was (Bryan's History of the National Capital) "an created in the House over the rear of the Speaker's rostrum. The cor- annual dinner where its friends were entertained." A month after this respondents asked for further privileges in the Senate. There yet was club was organized, it was indicated by the action of the body that it held some hostility to them in that body, but it was finally contended by the within its being the germ of the same idea which later entered the Na- Senators that the presence of the press representatives was a "benefit rather tional Press Club of this day, namely, the bringing into its membership than a source of harm," and gallery privileges were provided in that notable men who had gained fame as writers, or prominence in the of- body. ficial or business life of the National Capital. On Saturday, April 27, 1867, (recorded in the National Intelligencer of April 29, 1867) In the closing days of the Civil War, and in the excitement that "At a meeting of the Washington Correspondents Club, held in the office of followed the assassination of President Lincoln, the conflicts between The New York Tribune, there were elected as members of the elub a number 10 11 men prominent in official and business life in Washington, who at one time At different times, following the establishment of the first Press Club were Washington correspondents and whose election to the Correspondents' Club was based upon their eminence in journalism or in other professions. in Washington, there were long periods when no such organization Among these were Schuyler Colfax, Speaker of the House of Representatives, existed. There had been small and feeble organizations, created from B. Anthony, United States Senator from Rhode Island, John Russell Young, time to time, having no aims higher than mere sociability or entertainment, Managing Editor of the New York Tribune and Henry D. Cook, President of often without facilities for the enjoyment of either. The earlier organi- he First National Bank of Washington, D. C." zations, it appears, were associations only, without meeting places, except in the various newspaper offices, and with no arrangements for recrea- tion which more modern clubs afford, nor comfortable quarters where the THE FIRST PRESS CLUB members might assemble and indulge in comments regarding the acts, soon became evident to the Washington newspapermen of that day serious or otherwise, of the members of the two houses of Congress, or of "a correspondents' club" did not meet their ideas of what was re- the executive heads of the various administrative branches of the govern- by the writers in the National Capital. Perhaps they thought a ment. After the rise and passing of the club of 1867, there is no ascer- made up of "correspondents" only was too exclusive and not fittingly tainable record of any similar organization existing until about 1883. At that time there was organized a semblance of a club, a small affair, but resentative of the press of the Capital. At all events, it is recorded that seven months after the "Correspondents' Club" was formed, a which attempted to supply a meeting place and facilities for recreation. This club was located at 1410, the south side of Pennsylvania Avenue, ement was started to bring about the establishment of a "Press Club" between Fourteenth and Fifteenth Streets, where all of the buildings which Washington, the first organization of that name known to the history existed in those days have been removed to make way for the present Washington. Thus it was that on Thursday, September 19, 1867, the Federal Department of Commerce. The precise date of the demise of the ional Intelligencer gave an account of the organization of "the first Press Club of 1867 has not been recorded, for in such matters the birth press club" of Washington, as follows: is attended by some marks of glory, while the passing is left to the silent "According to announcement made, the editors and reporters connected and unrecorded dropping of a tear, if it were worthy of so much mourning. with the several papers of the city assembled at the reporters' room of the National Republican office at 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon, quite a number of The next venture in the realm of press clubdom was that of 1883, the Knights of the pencil' being present, and all of the daily papers of the city exact date not being ascertainable from the extant records. It was in eing represented. Mr. C. S. Noyes, of the Star, and Mr. Dunn, of the Re- existence in 1884-5, and at a location on Pennsylvania Avenue, No. 1410, publican, were the representatives of the higher order in the editorial fraternity. "Mr. Arthur Shepherd, of the National Intelligencer, called the meeting to in the rear of the offices then occupied, as they were for many years, by order, and on his motion Mr. John C. Proctor, of The National Republican, the Baltimore American. The chief moving spirit in this club was Frank vas elected temporary president, and Mr. R. F. Boiseau, of The Evening Star, H. Truesdell, who was at various times connected with different papers nade secretary. Mr. J. H. Sprigman stated the object of the meeting to be and with the then existing press associations. The officers of this organiza- organize an association to be composed of the editorial and reportorial corps tion, which bore the modest name of "Washington Press Club," were the several papers of the city, the object of said association to be the promo- of better acquaintanceship and good feeling between these reporters of the recorded in the Washington Evening Star of December 10, 1883: press, and moved that a committee be appointed to prepare suitable rules of "The Washington Press Club elected officers for the ensuing year, as follows: government for the association. The motion was adopted, and Messrs. J. H. President-E. W. Brady, Washington Critic. Sprigman, of The Republican; Arthur Shepherd, of The Intelligencer; F. G. First Vice President-C. F. Towle, Boston Traveller. Nantz, of The Union; James Crogan, of The Star; Oscar K. Harris, of The Second Vice President-H. F. Godwin, Washington Star. Express; George Curtiss, of The Chronicle; and John C. Proctor were ap- Third Vice President-P. V. DeGraw, United Press. pointed such committee. Treasurer-Frank H. Truesdell-Baltimore American. "On motion, the following gentlemen were appointed a committee to select Secretary-E. Ringwalt, United Press. fficers for the association: H. A. Preston, Intelligencer; N. Sardo, Republi- Corresponding Secretary-T. J. Biven. William R. Collins, Star; F. G. Nantz, Union; and S. V. Noyes, Express. Executive Committee- "Mr. John C. Proctor was formally elected the first president of the Club. Chas. F. Towle, Boston Traveler, Chairman; "The meeting then adjourned to meet at the call of the committee on rules. John P. Miller, Baltimore Sun: "An incident of the meeting was the fact that there were three gentlemen H. L. West, Washington Post; present who had commenced their reportorial life on The National Republican, F.T. Howe, Pittsburgh Commercial Gazette; nd a good deal of amusement was created by their looking through the files John Boyle, Wall Street Journal; The Republican, to find out the first items that they ever wrote. One of P. V. Degraw, United Press; he parties discovered an 'item' that he had written which he said 'had never A. J. Clarke, New York Tribune; happened' and proved to be a little speech which purported to have been E. M. Hood, Associated Press; poken by an officer at the fire at Willard's Hotel shortly after the commence- H. P. Godwin, Washington Star. of the war. This announcement, and the fact that the article had gone the There is no record that this club survived beyond the year 1887. In around." counds of newspapers throughout the country, caused a hearty laugh all 1885 a writer, in sending correspondence to The Journalist, a New York 13 12 periodical of the time, records the birth of the Gridiron Club. On March delphia Evening Star, and Charles F. Towle, of The Boston Traveller. 12, 1887, in commenting upon a successful dinner given by that organiza- During the year 1885, eight new members were elected, making a total tion, this writer speaks of it as "the only harmonious club of newspaper- of 40, the then fixed limit of the number of active members, which re- men in Washington." mained at that figure for about thirty years, when the limit was increased The Washington Press Club had a meeting place, some facilities for to 50, and has so remained down to the present day. recreation in a small way, but beyond giving a moonlight excursion in The limit of the number of active members in the Gridiron Club; the one year of its short life, it appears not to have greatly ruffled the journal- requirement that a candidate for active membership in the club must have istic seas of the Capital, and its passing was unnoticed except a refer- been engaged in active press gallery newspaper work in Washington for ence to it as "the Press Club of 1883," at the time when it was proposed, a period of at least two years; that a protest in writing by two active in 1890, to create a Press Club which, it was hoped, would be responsive members must result in the withdrawal of a name proposed for member- to the needs of the newspaper of the city. ship-all of these conditions and limitations have contributed to make for the strength of the Gridiron Club and has resulted in there being, at all times, a waiting list of candidates proposed, and to be ballotted upon, for A NEWSPAPERMEN'S CLUB entry into the club membership. While the Press Club of 1883 was wavering between success and In addition to the 50 active members of the club there are about 12 or failure, in the year 1885, another newspaper club, not a press club in the 15 so-called "limited members," who may or may not be, or have been, generally accepted sense, but a club of newspapermen, came into existence. newspapermen, but who are elected for their proficiency as singers and No account of the doings of Washington newspapermen, during the past who make up the Club Quartette, or who know something of the art of half century, would be complete without mention, in some detail, of the entertaining. They have no vote nor right to hold office in the club. rise, growth and success of the Gridiron Club. This unique organization Then there is a list of associate members, who, having been active mem- of newspapermen is a club, limited in the number and qualifications of bers, have left the city, and are restored to active membership upon re- its membership, not a club with a club house, but exclusively a dining turning to Washington and engaging in newspaper work. The restora- club, the success of which has depended in some degree upon the fact that tion of such members to the active list puts an end to further elections to it gives one or two dinners, only, during each year. These dinners are that list until the active membership falls below the constitutional total pretentious in form and character, and invariably are attended by from of 50. 300 to 400 of the leading characters in public and business life, the heads of national and state governments, representatives of foreign countries, These limitations and qualifications, together with the dignity and and of the courts, army, navy, etc. These are brilliant dinners in the best brilliance of the Club's dinners, all tend to make for the success of the sense of formality, dignity and splendor. Club. The organization has no club rooms, holds no meetings, except business meetings once a month, or a "smoker" confined to the club In January, 1885, the Gridiron Club perfected its organization, with members. The attention and interest of its members are centered upon 32 charter members and the adoption of a constitution which set forth its the success of the annual dinners, and the entertainment features thereof aims and purposes. The first president chosen by the club was Major which enliven those events. The number of guests which may be invited Ben: Perley Poore, who had been a Washington newspaperman of high to a dinner is limited to three to each active or limited member and one standing for more than thirty years, and at the time he represented The to each associate member. The Club as a body invites a number of Providence Journal. The first secretary, who for a time also acted as dignitaries in all walks of life. The success of each dinner is also assured treasurer, was Charles T. Murray, then correspondent of The Philadelphia by the fact that the event begins at 7:30 on the stated evening, and ends Times. Among the charter members of the club were men who have been precisely at 12, midnight; that the progress of speeches (not reported) is known to the newspaper life of the Capital for much of the time during interspersed with music, songs, "skits," and more or less "holding the the past 75 years, such as Ben: Perley Poore, of The Providence Journal; mirror up to nature," or, rather, up to the national and international men Major John M. Carson, of The Philadelphia Public Ledger; Charles T. and measures that are in the public eye at the time, often with a sly Murray, of the Philadelphia Times; Gen. Henry V. Boynton, of the Cin- modicum of commendation, or mild satire, all without the "sting" which cinnati Commercial Gazette; T. C. Crawford, of The New York World; wounds or rankles the human heart. Each dinner proceeds on a regular, Elbridge Gerry Dunnell, of The New York Times; P. V. DeGraw, of the orderly schedule, and a great contribution to the dignity of each event is United Press; Perry S. Heath, of The Indianapolis Journal; A. W. Lyman, the fact that there is an emphasized rule that "ladies are always present," of The New York Sun; David R. McKee, of the New York Associated although actually they are never present, neither are reporters, as such. Press: Fred Perry Powers, of The Chicago Tribune; 0. O. Stealey, of The Louisville Courier Journal; James Rankin Young, of The Phila- 15 14 PRESIDENTS OF THE GRIDIRON CLUB THE NATIONAL CAPITAL PRESS CLUB Ben Perley Poore, 1885-Providence Journal. After the passing of the "Press Club of 1883," came the organization Fred Perry Powers, 1886-Chicago Tribune. of the "National Capital Press Club," in February, 1891. There had John Miller Carson, 1887-Philadelphia Public Ledger. been in existence for several years, up to 1890, a nondescript club of the Fred Perry Powers, 1888-1889-Chicago Tribune. Fred Draper Mussey, 1890-Cincinnati Commercial Gazette. "sports" variety, occupying the upper floors of a building just around the H.B. F. McFarland, 1891-1892-Boston Herald. corner from "old Newspaper Row," known as the Loughran Building, Frank Hatton, 1893-1894-Washington Post. which still stands, next to the corner, the second door from Fourteenth Eugene Barton Wight, 1894-Boston Journal. Street, on E Street at the Avenue. This recreation club had been operated Walter Barlow Stevens, 1895-St. Louis Globe Democrat. William Edwards Annin, 1896-Salt Lake Tribune. for a number of years, with good equipment, including much silver and Sylvanus Elihu Johnson, 1897-Cincinnati Enquirer. glassware, billiard and card tables, and supplying the favorite food and Frank Homer Hosford, 1898-Detroit Free Press. beverages of the times. When the suggestion was made by some of the Henry Vanness Boynton, 1899-Cincinnati Commercial Gazette. leading newspapermen that a Press Club be formed, inquiry was made Henry Litchfield West, 1900-Washington Post. into the status of this sports club, which was then operated practically as Arthur Wallace Dunn, 1901-St. Paul Pioneer Press. Robert John Wynne, 1902-New York Press. a recreation club for Senators and Representatives in Congress, who had William Eleroy Curtis, 1903-Chicago Record. taken over the equipment. It was ascertained that the few statesmen who Louis Arthur Coolidge, 1904-Boston Journal. patronized the club, and who had supplied the funds in large part to keep John Miller Carson, 1905-Philadelphia Public Ledger. it going, had little or no interest in its perpetuation. They were approached Richard Lee Fearn, 1906-New York Tribune. with the suggestion, which was promptly agreed to, that it be sold to the Samuel George Blythe, 1907-New York World. James Sharp Henry, 1908-Philadelphia Press. newspapermen to be utilized as a press club. Henry Hall, 1909-Pittsburg Times. Scott Cardelle Bone, 1910-Washington Post. That there was a lively interest in this proposition for a press club Richard Victor Oulahan, 1911-New York Sun. was shown by the fact that eighty-five members of the profession qualified Louis Garthe, 1912-Baltimore American. to participate in its formation and election of the officers. The list of Rudolph Kauffman, 1913-Washington Star. Ernest George Walker, 1914-Boston Herald. nominations for the various offices included practically the entire member- Edgar Callender Snyder, 1915-Omaha Bee. ship, many of the members being nominated for every office in the pro- Louis William Strayer, 1916-Pittsburgh Dispatch. posed roster. The Washington Star of February 7, 1891, gave an account Ira Elbert Bennett, 1917-Washington Post. of the proposed election of officers for the new Press Club, and a list of Leroy Tudor Vernon, 1918-1919-Chicago News. the nominations for officers, as follows: William Wallace Jermaine, 1920-Minneapolis Journal. North Overton Messenger, 1921-Washington Star. For President- James Parks Hornaday, 1922-Indianapolis News. Arthur Sears Henning, 1923-Chicago Tribune. S. H. Kaufman, Washington Star William Erastus Brigham, 1924-Boston Transcript. F.A. G. Handy, Chicago Times Jesse Fred Essary, 1925-Baltimore Sun. John R. McLean, Cincinnati Enquirer Clifford Kennedy Berryman, 1926-Washington Star. Crosby Noyes, Washington Star Ashman Norris Brown, 1927-Providence Journal. F. H. Hosford, Detroit Free Press Harry Jay Brown, 1928-Salt Lake Tribune. Henry W. Walker, Washington Post Roy Allison Roberts, 1929-Kansas City Star. For Vice President- Charles Stuart Groves, 1930-Boston Globe. Jay G. Hayden. 1931-Detroit News. Most of those on the list voted for for president, and also, Walker Showers Buel, 1932-Cleveland Plain Dealer. Rudolph Kauffman, Washington Star Charles Griffith Ross, 1933-St. Louis Post Dispatch. David Lewsley, New York World John P. Miller, Baltimore Sun James Lloyd Wright, 1934-Buffalo Evening News. Ulric Bell, 1935-Louisville Courier Journal. H. L. Merrick, Washington Post Edwin Wilson Gableman, 1936-Cincinnati Enquirer. For Secretary- George Gould Lincoln, 1937-Washington Star. Byron Price, 1938-Associated Press. Frank H. Hosford, Detroit Free Press George Robert Holmes, 1938-International News Service. Chas. A. Hamilton, Buffalo Courier Raymond Clapper, 1939-United Press. H.P. Godwin, Washington Star Mark Foote, 1940-Grand Rapids Press. Robert M. Larner, Charleston News and Courier Harold Brayman, 1941-Houston Chronicle. E.S. Conner, Philadelphia Inquirer Lewis Wood, 1942-New York Times. H.L. Merrick, Washington Post Frank S. Presbery, New York Advertiser 17 16 For Treasurer- Some of those suggested for the foregoing offices, and also, During the short life of this club, there served in the office of its P. V. DeGraw, United Press. Thomas A. Kirby, New York Press president, S. H. Kauffman, of the Evening Star, Walter Wellman, of the Frank Hatton, Washington Post Chicago Herald, and at the time of the passing of the organization, in the Francis E. Leupp, New York Evening Post spring of 1895, its then president was John P. Miller, of the Washington E. M. Hood. Associated Press Star. The primary cause of the demise of this club was that it had been Maurice Splain, Philadelphia Record Beriah Wilkins, Washington Post operated upon a too "free and easy" policy, practically unlimited credit being extended to its members, a number of whom took most or all For the Board of Governors- their meals within the club quarters. In the winter of 1894-5 it was dis- Many of the foregoing and slso, closed that several thousand dollars in obligations of its members were Jerome J. Wilber, Associated Press unpaid, and the organization passed out of existence, its elaborate fur- Fred Perry Powers, Chicago Times E. W. Brady, Washington Critic nishings being sold to meet, to some extent, at least, its outstanding in- A. Maurice Low, Boston Globe debtedness. In addition to affording comfortable quarters for its mem- H. N. Thompson, Cleveland Plain Dealer bers and friends, the chief events in the life of this club were the giving W. G. Sterrett, Galveston and Dallas News of two annual dinners, in 1892 and 1893, and the most notable "benefit" Selden N. Clark, New York Tribune Major John M. Carson, Philadelphia Ledger entertainment ever staged by Washington newspaper clubmen. This bene- Gen. H. V. Boynton, Cincinnati Commercial Gazette fit entertainment, having for its avowed purpose the replenishing of the George E. Gilliland, Cincinnati Enquirer exchequer of the Natitonal Capital Press Club, was a tremendous success Scott C. Bone, Washington Post and netted a total of about $7,000. Great interest was manifested by Frank B. Noyes, Washington Star Richard Lee Fearn, Brooklyn Eagle Washington citizens in this event. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company Walter Wellman, Chicago Herald supplied, free of cost, a special train to transport from New York to Wash- Tom C. Hannum, New York World ington a great galaxy of the leading actors and singers of the time, who A. W. Dunn, St. Paul Pioneer Press gave their services gratis and made the flying trip to the Capital to appear E. G. Dunnell, New York Times Frank P. Morgan, Washington Critic at this event, which was staged in the afternoon at Albaugh's theater, returning at once to make their regular appearances at their respective On the day of the election it was disclosed that the names of C. S. theaters in New York that same evening. This benefit event, and the Noyes, Gen. H. V. Boynton and R. M. Larner had been withdrawn. The two annual dinners of the Club were attended by many of the leading Washington Star of February 10, 1891, said, in regard to the election held statesmen and business men of the city. on February 9, 1891: "The first election of the National Capital Press Club was conducted yesterday, under an election law devised for that purpose. Eighty-four THE NATIONAL PRESS CLUB OF TODAY newspaper men paid their initiation fees and therefore became members of the Club which thus makes an auspicious beginning in point of membership. From 1895 down to 1908 the newspaper writers of Washington had The polls were closed at eight o'clock. The votes for vice president and treasurer no club, nor meeting place, except the press galleries of Congress, the re- were so scattered that there was no choice in either case, and these offices will be filled by an election by the Board of Governors. The executive officers porters' rooms in the executive departments, and for those who desired elected yesterday were: to frequent such places, the many drinking establishments on Pennsyl- S. H. Kauffman of the Evening Star, President; vania Avenue from the Capitol to Fifteenth Street, and along Fourteenth Frank H. Hosford of the Detroit Free Press, Secretary. Street from E Street to F, and along E Street east as far as Twelfth The Board of Governors is composed of the following: Street. Repeated efforts were made by the leaders among the members Chas. A. Hamilton of the Buffalo Courier; of the newspaper fraternity to bring about the organization of a Press H. L. Merrick of the Washington Post; Club, but the replies usually made by those approached, who had been Fred Perry Powers of the National Democrat; Maurice Splain of the Sunday Herald; members of the late "National Capital Press Club," was that a club to be Walter Wellman of the Chicago Herald; successful required the maintenance of higher annual dues than many of A. Maurice Low of the Boston Globe; the younger members of the fraternity could afford to pay, and the better R. L. Fearn of the Brooklyn Eagle; paid men among the correspondents and editorial staffs of the local papers S. E. Johnson of the Cincinnati Enquirer; were not sufficiently numerous to make it possible to operate successfully H. P. Godwin of the Evening Star. a Press Club with the desired facilities and equipment. "Eighty-four members voted at yesterday's election, and it is expected that the Club will be organized with a membership of over 100." However, in 1908, the ambitious younger men on the local papers de- termined to have a Press Club and to invite as many of the editors and 18 19 leading correspondents to join it as could be induced to do so. Among increased to take in nearly every active newspaperman in the city, a large the comments made at the time regarding the formation of a Press Club list of associate members, representing the official life of the Capital, and was that an effort should be made to create a National Press Club of a a non-resident list of members extending to writers in all parts of the truly national character, spirit and membership; that its membership country and, also, foreign countries. should be extended to non-resident editors and writers in different parts of the country and abroad, and that associate members, limited in number The special features which distinguish the National Press Club from to a percentage of the active membership of the Club, should be invited other clubs throughout the country arise from its membership being made to join. These associate members were to be admitted on the theory of up of political writers upon national and international affairs, and the their known interest in newspapermen and newspaper affairs, members of fact that about one-fifth of the 2,000 members of the Club are non-resident Congress or employees in executive departments who were thrown con- members, scattered over the entire area of the United States and foreign stantly in contact with newspapermen and who would naturally be desirous countries. There is a national aspect, also, of the National Press Club, of maintaining social relations with newspapermen in Club life. arising from the fact that the Club quarters are the rendezvous of men famous in national affairs, including the Presidents of the United States On the respective dates of March 12, and March 18, 1908, the founda- of recent years, all of whom have been, and are now, members of the tions were laid for a Press Club, at meetings attended by about thirty Club, Cabinet officers, Senators and Representatives and the leading offi- newspapermen. A constitution was adopted, and the first officers elected. cials in all the executive departments. In addition to these characters of It was not until May 2, that a "housewarming" was held in the quarters national prominence, the club rooms are visited by foreign dignitaries of the new National Press Club, at 1205 F Street, N. W. The first officers of note, who happen to be visiting the national Capital, practically all of chosen were: the Ambassadors and public ministers of the leading foreign countries, President-William P. Spurgeon, Washington Post. princes and potentates, as well as military and naval officers, who come to Vice-President-Jackson Tinker, New York Press. the United States on various missions and who accept invitations to speak Secretary-Jesse L. Carmichael, Indianapolis Press. within the rooms of the National Press Club to members of the organiza- Treasurer-J. Lynn Yeagle, Washington Herald. tion. These facts made it apparent, upon the least reflection, that the Financial Secretary-Graham B. Nichol, Washington Times. National Press Club is of truly national character and that it carries with Board of Governors— it an influence in public affairs which, broadcasted over the American Ernest G. Walker, Chairman, Boston Herald. nation, and through publications in foreign countries, has a similar in- Ira E. Bennett, Washington Post. fluence among the peoples of the civilized world. Jesse L. Carmichael, Indianapolis Press. J. Ed Grillo, Washington Post. James P. Hornaday, Indianapolis News. Ed. L. Kean, United Press. Graham B. Nichol, Washington Times. Tom C. Noyes, Washington Star. W. P. Spurgeon, Washington Post. Jackson S. Tinker, New York Press. J. Lynn Yeagle, Washington Herald. J. Russell Young, Washington Star. This was the beginning of the present-day National Press Club, which, in 1933, celebrated its "Silver Jubilee," the 25th year of its ex- istence. The success of this Club has been due, in part at least, to the fact that it was established upon sound business principles, among which was the "no credit" system; the policy of retaining the control of the Club among the active newspapermen themselves, through constitutional limita- tions upon the holding of office by active members of the Club only, select- ing for its officers active newspapermen, and declining to attempt to popularize the Club through inviting writers and editors, however dis- tinguished, who were not active in Washington newspaper life, to accept such offices. It soon was practically demonstrated that a Club formed upon such elementary principles would be successful, and the membership rapidly 20 21 OPERATIONS OF THE CLUB The National Press Club, being the only really successful Washington press club in the sense in which the term is used, some space should be given to recounting what this organization has accomplished in the 34 PRESIDENTS OF THE NATIONAL PRESS CLUB years of its existence. That story, briefly told, will give abundant reasons why the club is popular and well known throughout this country and in many foreign countries. 1908-1909-William P. Spurgeon*, Washington Post 1910-1911-Arthur J. Dodge, Milwaukee Sentinel, St. Paul Pioneer Press The origin of the club in 1908 was under circumstances which did 1912-Frederic J. Haskin, Haskin News Service not give much hope of success. The idea was first sponsored by the re- 1913-Oswald Schuette, Chicago Inter-Ocean porters on the local papers, and the leading newspaper men, whether on 1914-1915-Frank B. Lord, Cincinnati Enquirer the local papers or the correspondents of leading papers throughout the 1916-Theodore Tiller, Washington Times country did not take kindly to the idea, and did not rally to the support 1917-Grafton S. Wilcox, New York Herald Tribune of the plan. The result was that it required about 30 years for the club 1918-Gus J. Karger*, Cincinnati Commercial Gazette to acquire a home of its own and to take its proper place among the news- 1919-Earl Godwin, Washington Star paper organizations in the country. The first abode of the National Press 1920-Mark L. Goodwin, Galveston and Dallas, Texas, News Club was a series of rooms in a business building on the business street 1921-Avery C. Marks*, Washington Times known as "F" Street in the retail district. The floors taken were above 1922-Robert B. Armstrong, Sr., Los Angeles Times the first, which was a mercantile establishment, and the upper floors were 1923-Carter Field, New York Herald Tribune reached by long, steep stairs, and no elevator. That was about as un- 1924-George F. Authier, Minneapolis Tribune favorable a situation as could be imagined. Only about a year was spent 1925-Henry L. Sweinhart, Havas News in this location when the Club took over two floors in a business building 1926-Ulric Bell, Louisville Courier Journal facing the Treasury Department at the corner of 15th and F Streets which 1927-A. N. Kirchhofer, Buffalo News (January to February) was made really attractive, although inadequate to accommodate even the Louis Ludlow, Indianapolis Journal (February to December) small number of members the club then had. However, there was a very 1928-J. Fred Essary*, Baltimore Sun pleasant general assembly room and for the requirements of the time the 1929-Russell Kent*, Birmingham News club was comfortable and became very popular. The next move was to 1930-Norman Baxter, Washington Post the upper floor of a general office building, 15th and G Streets, where the 1931-Eugene S. Leggett*, Detroit Free Press quarters were larger and the advantages of a roof garden for summer usage 1932-Bascom N. Timmons, Texas Newspapers was popular for a time. In these quarters the club remained until the 1933-Raymond P. Brandt, St. Louis Post Dispatch great undertaking was made of aiding to build and taking over the upper 1934-William C. Murphy, Philadelphia Ledger (January to September) floors of the largest private office building in Washington, which is known Mark Foote, Booth Newspapers (September to December) as the National Press Building. Here the facilities for the club, with its 1935-Mark Foote, Booth Newspapers increased membership, were more nearly adequate, and two distinct ad- 1936-George W. Stimpson, Houston Post vantages were furnished-one being a spacious library and the other, a 1937-Chas. 0. Gridley, Denver Post large assembly room with a stage and gallery adequate for large meet- 1938-Harold Brayman, New York Evening Post ings with the capacity for accommodating six or seven hundred people. 1939-Arthur Hachten, International News Service Thus it will be seen that with these steadily increasing facilities the 1940-Richard L. Wilson, Des Moines Register and Tribune purposes of the club, which were announced in the constitution adopted 1941-Melbourne Christenson, Associated Press in the beginning, were the more certainly realized. Those purposes were 1942-Clifford Prevost, Detroit Free Press indicated by the use of the terms "hospitality, fraternal and good fellow- * Deceased ship among newspapermen," members of the organization, and friendly relations, not only with newspapermen who visit Washington, but with men distinguished in public life who are entertained within the club quarters. From the very beginning the club took a high rank as a place for real entertainment and recreation for the newspaper fraternity, and at the same time it was made a meeting place for men of high standing throughout 23 22 the world. It need only be mentioned that beginning with the first year was a "knockout." The theater was packed. The "Minstrels" were no of the occupancy of the club quarters, distinguished men and women in all professions and industry lent their presence to successful entertain- employed talent but all members of the Club, many of whom are living to this day to glory in the part they had in a swell performance which ment within the club. For example, going back almost to the beginning, netted several thousand dollars. The participants were numerous and we find in the club Madame Sarah Bernhardt, noted throughout the world the "interlocutor" was Frank B. Lord, who has been presiding officer at as a great actress, Lord Bryce, Ambassador from England, Jules Jusserand, many Club affairs, and who has demonstrated his popularity by being one French Ambassador, Count Togo, the Admiral of the Japanese Fleet in of the three presidents of the organization to be twice elected to that post their war with Russia, Henry Watterson, distinguished editor, Admiral of honor. He was the master of ceremonies at the dinner which ushered Peary of the Arctic exploration, and Ernest Shackleton, the English ex- Franklin D. Roosevelt into Club membership. plorer of the Antarctic regions. Came also, Generals Foch and Joffe of the French Army in the first World War, and many others. Of like purposes, in those early days, were the "spelling bees," one of With the opening of the large assembly room, with facilities for seat- the most noted of which was participated in by 14 statesmen, seven Sena- ing up to possibly 600 at a luncheon meeting, some of the leading visitors tors and seven members of the lower House of Congress, and 14 news- to the city from all parts of the world have delivered addresses before the paper men. This leading event of its kind was not only famous for the club. Among these may be mentioned the then Cardinal Pacilli, the present tremendous gathering of Washington society people who thronged the Pope, who came here as Secretary of State of the then Pope Pius XI, who hall to enjoy the festivities of the occasion, but its popularity was en- passed away shortly thereafter, and Cardinal Pacilli was elected to succeed hanced by the fact that the announcer of the words to be spelled was the him. Others who addressed the club on these occasions included Ramsay then Secretary David Houston, famous as Secretary of Agriculture, later McDonald, then British Premier, Anthony Eden, a member of the British Secretary of the Treasury, and for many years a leading financier con- Cabinet, Manuel Quezon, President of the Philippine Government, and nected with a noted insurance company of New York. Paul V. McNutt, Frank Murphy, and the recent Commissioner, Sayre, In later times, the facilities for larger gatherings within the club, the all of whom had represented the United States as Commissioners to the inaugural ceremonies attending the induction into office of a new president Philippines. Included among the visitors at the club were George M. of the club, and other officers, has furnished an evening of real enjoyment, Cohan, also, Will Rogers, and Wylie Post, who later went to their deaths accentuated by the publication, in recent years, of facsimile newspapers, as flyers, Dwight Morrow, then United States Ambassador to Mexico, and, representing the home town paper of the newly elected president, the en- glancing further back, we find in the list the noted Speaker of the House, tire edition being given over to more or less fanciful, and occasionally Joseph G. Cannon, later, Speaker Nicholas Longworth, Dr. Harvey Wiley, truthful, accounts of the illustrious careers of these new officials of the Andrew Carnegie, John Hayes Hammond, and many others. club. Another event of similar character is what is known as the "country It was natural that the club, in order to carry out the spirit of recrea- store" where sales are made of those useful articles of household necessity tion, should evolve many plans for novel entertainment. One of the first which the country store is expected to provide. In addition to these spe- of this list was known as "hobby nights." On these occasions amusing cial events there are weekly dances, motion pictures, listed as previews, debates were conducted as to the relative merits of "thinness or avoirdu- and a great variety of kindred entertainments which are not only appre- pois" among men, "whiskers or bald heads," and "knock knees or bow- ciated by members of the club, but by visiting newspaper men and others legs," as aids or impediments to navigation. With much felicity as well of near or remote relation to the activities of the newspaper field. as an occasional outburst of serious comment, these problems were de- bated by such men as the then British Ambassador, James Bryce, Woodrow Special mention should be made of one or two features of the club's entertainments which attracted universal attention. One of these was a Wilson, Franklin McVeigh, General Leonard Wood, James M. Cox, Boise Penrose, Champ Clark, Secretary of State Knox, Victor Herbert, and banquet given in honor of the past presidents of the clubs; also featured John Philip Sousa, all of whom participated with great gusto on these with great acclaim on the 25th anniversary of the organization of the club, was the induction, as a member of the Press Club, of President occasions. Franklin D. Roosevelt. It is the honor of the Club that since it was born every president of the United States has been a member of the body, ENTERTAINMENT FEATURES beginning with Theodore Roosevelt, and including William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson, Warren G. Harding, who was an active member in his A distinctive, indeed, outstanding event of the early days was a own right as the editor of his paper in his home town of Marion, Ohio, "Minstrel Show," which in its inception, was a plan simply for a jolly Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover, the latter retains his membership to evening among the Club members themselves, but which expanded to such this day. And by membership is meant, not the "honorary" variety, which proportions that a theater had to be engaged for the occasion. This show so frequently is the case with dignitaries elected to popular Clubs, but 24 25 regular, dues-paying members. President Coolidge was the orator at the dedication ceremonies incident to the laying of the corner stone of the the further fact that rumblings in Europe presaged war, which might or National Press building. Another member of the Club, Frank B. Noyes, might not involve the United States. At all events, there was, at the time, then the president of the great newsgathering organization, the Associated tremendous interest in what was going on at the White House, and in con- Press of America, was also a speaker on that occasion. nection with its relations with foreign countries through the State De- partment correspondence with our Ambassadors and ministers stationed A distinctive feature of the National Press Building is that it stands at European diplomatic posts. In such a situation it became peculiarly at the corner of 14th and F Streets, two of the principal business thorough- desirable that the newspaper representation in the White House, and in fares of downtown Washington. The site of the building was for many the administrative departments, be protected from the intrusion of ir- years occupied by a famous "Army and Navy headquarters," the Ebbitt responsible newsgatherers, who, as "free lances," or more or less unac- House. From the southern side of that building facing on 14th Street, credited correspondents, frequented the gatherings of the regularly con- down to and around the corner on Pennsylvania Avenue, was, from the stituted writers, and through such contacts often spread abroad fanciful very early life of newspapers and newspaper workers in Washington known "news" stories which gave incorrect coloring, or, perhaps, positively as "Newspaper Row". That came to be a well-known spot, the offices of erroneous and injurious reports of the information of the day. The idea the Washington correspondents of the leading newspapers throughout of an association of the duly accredited writers, which might "check on" the United States. Two features in the physical make-up of the club in- the persons admitted to White House conferences, naturally grew out of terior which add to the charm of the place and interest to the members, the situation thus presented. There was ample warrant and precedent for as well as visitors, are these: The spacious hall-ways, leading from the the action taken. For many years the admission of news writers to the entry to the large lounge rooms, are covered, on their side-wall spaces, privileges of the press galleries of Congress had been controlled by the with what are known as first page "mats", from which stereotyped plates regular Rules Committees of the Senate and House of Representatives are made and from which the newspaper is printed. Scores of news- which, with the cooperation of a "Standing Committee" of the gallery papers throughout the country are here represented, embodying factual news correspondents, prescribes rules for the admission of writers to the information as well as really decorative effects. Another feature, adorning galleries as correspondents. These rules provide that admission shall be the stairway and halls of the upper floors are framed scores of artists' granted only to regularly accredited "telegraphic correspondents" who send drawings by the famed cartoonists of the country, including Thomas daily wire reports to their papers; who have no occupation connected with Nast's scathing portrayals of "Boss" Tweed, and Davenport's accentuated the executive or legislative departments of the government; who are not features and great bulk of Speaker Tom Reed of Maine. Also, are recent interested in the promotion of pending legislation or in decisions of ques- cartoons by Berryman of the Star, and Talburt of the News. The club tions pending in the executive departments, nor will be so connected or location constitutes a connecting link between the present home of the interested during their occupancy of the press galleries; that such galleries National Press Club and the working field of the newspaper writers of be reserved for the exclusive use of regularly accredited telegraphic cor- Washington from the earliest days to the present time. In the National respondents. Press Building today are scores of offices of newspaper writers represent- It was with the purpose of securing the adoption of such limitations ing newspapers which were earliest and longest in the service of the country upon attendance at White House press conferences, that the "White House in furnishing news from the National Capital. Correspondents' Association" was formed, with a constitution, formally approved by the President of the United States and attested by his secre- tary, which constitution, properly engraved and framed, hangs on the wall WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENTS' ASSOCIATION in the Correspondents' Room of the White House. The provisions of this constitution are similar to the rules covering the press galleries of Congress. Six years after the creation of the National Press Club, on February On April 4, 1914, there was recorded in the Editor and Publisher, a 25, 1914, another organization was perfected, which continues to function in a field peculiarly designed for the service it performs. This was the New York periodical, the following account, under date of April 2, of the organization of the "White House Correspondents' Association:" "White House Correspondents' Association," made up of local news- papermen and correspondents regularly assigned to cover the news of the Washington, D. C., April 2-Newspaper men at the White House have organized a White House Correspondents' Association with the approval of White House. the officials of the executive offices. The organization is designed to promote the interests and welfare of the men who are regularly assigned to cover the During the second year of the Wilson Administration there was an White House and to cover the same field as the Standing Committee of cor- increasing interest in news arising at the White House. This was in part respondents at the Capitol, with which there is accord and harmony. There due to special interest in happenings attendant upon the return of the were eleven charter members of the organization, which is about to place Democratic party to power, after a lapse of more than twenty years, and upon the walls of the press room of the White House a beautifully engraved copy of its fundamental declarations. 26 27 The membership is to be increased under the guidance of the executive committee, which consists of five members. The officers of the association are: W. W. Price, Washington Star, chairman David T. Lawrence, Associated Press, vice-chairman W. B. Metcalf, Baltimore Sun, secretary-treasurer The charter members are: John E. Nevin, United Press A. M. Jamieson, International News Service D. T. Lawrence, Associated Press Ames Brown, New York Sun Guy Mason, New York World S. M. Reynolds, Washington Times Frank R. Lamb, New York Tribune Gus J. Karger, Cincinnati Times-Star PRESIDENTS OF WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENTS W. B. Metcalf, Baltimore Sun W. W. Price, Washington Star 1914: W. W. Price, Washington Star (charter member) A glance at the list of presidents of the White House organization of 1921: Frank R. Lamb, Washington Times (charter member) newspaper men will show that "Bill" Price served as head of the body 1922: J. Russell Young, Washington Star during the period from 1914 to 1922. The reason for this was that the 1923: E. Ross Bartley, Associated Press organization was practically dormant during that period, and Price being 1924: Isaac Gregg, New York Sun the dean of the White House corps at the time was allowed to remain as 1925: George E. Durno, International News Service the nominal head of the organization. Then came an aroused spirit 1926: John Edwin Nevin, Washington Post (charter member) among the White House men, led by Frank R. Lamb of the Washington 1927: John T. Lambert, Universal Service Times, J. Russell Young of the Washington Star and George R. Durno, 1928: J. Russell Young, Washington Star (second election) then of the Central News of America. Under a reorganization move, with 1929: Wilbur Forrest, New York Herald-Tribune an injection of some wholesome vitality the organization began a really 1930: Lewis Wood, New York Times active career. Lamb was elected President and the first formal dinner was 1931: Paul R. Mallon, syndicated columnist held with a full complement of distinguished guests. From that time the 1932: Paul R. Mallon (second election) dinners of the White House men have enumerated on their guests lists 1933: George E. Durno, International News Service (second election) the President of the United States and the leaders in official life, legisla- 1934: Francis M. Stephenson, Associated Press ors and a contingent of army and navy dignitaries. One reason for the 1935: Albert J. Warner, New York Herald-Tribune popularity of these dinners is that speechmaking was barred and all 1936: Frederick J. Storm, United Press Associations the noted guests had to do was to dine liberally and then sit back and 1937: Walter J. Trohan, Chicago Tribune enjoy an evening of entertainment by professional entertainers chosen for 1938: Earl Godwin, Washington Times that purpose. With the appearance of President Coolidge as the first to 1939: Earl Godwin, Washington Times (second election) greet the reorganized Club, Presidents Hoover and Roosevelt enjoyed the 1940: Felix Belair, New York Times (resigned to go with Time Magazine) hospitality of the White House writers. Whether there is any significance Thomas F. Reynolds, United Press Associations to be attached to the fact, two men who have ranked high in the member- 1941: John C. O'Brien, Philadelphia Inquirer ship of the White House writers are now, by grace of appointment by 1942: John C. Henry, Washington Star President Roosevelt, Commissioners of the District of Columbia, Young and Mason. In accordance with the provisions of its constitution, and the agree- ment with the officials of the White House, the association assumes the responsibility of "passing upon" the correspondents who attend the White House conferences, and performs other functions in the interests of the newspapermen assigned to the White House. The White House Correspondents' Association performs only one other function, of interest to the public, that being an annual dinner of pretentious elaboration. This is a social gathering merely and has no other purpose. 28 29 FOREIGN NEWSPAPER CORRESPONDENTS For a number of years preceding the entry of this Nation into the present World War, another German correspondent, and certainly one of While there have been many instances of American newspaper writers the foremost of the popular foreign correspondents, was Kurt Sell, repre- who have represented foreign journals and have sent correspondence to sentative of what is known as the Wolff Bureau, which is substantially those papers upon such subjects as would naturally be fitting for the the Associated Press of Germany, being similar to that organization in columns of the papers concerned about what takes place from day to day this country, in its relations to the press of Germany. Mr. Sell ended his in this country, in comparatively recent years a few foreign journals have career here with the entry of the United States into the present World regularly installed in the Capital of the American Republic their own ac- War against Germany. He doubtless represents the Hitler regime in the credited correspondents who "cover" the news of this country that is of news out of Berlin. Sell came to this country in 1927, and during his concern to the clientele of the foreign journals. Some of these foreign stay was a popular and influential member of the writing force of the correspondents are men of distinct ability and high standing in the public American Capital. affairs of their respective countries, and they take front rank among the regular correspondents and representatives of the foremost papers in the United States. "HANDS ACROSS THE SEAS" ORGANIZATION mott When Sir William Harsant Lewis came to Washington as correspond- Another Newspaper organization, unique in its character and con- ent of the London Times, in October, 1920, he was accepted, and proudly stituent parts, and composed of native Americans who had some participa- so, by the Press Gallery corps of the city as just plain "Bill" Lewis. It tion on the spot, in the writing job, connected with the First World War. took him eleven years to obtain the title of "Knight Commander of the The experiences of the members of this commendable as well as novel British Empire," which made him a "Sir" to everyone except his most unit of writers in the National Capital, gives spice and special quality to intimate colleagues of the writing fraternity in this city. For twenty years the gatherings which the Club sponsors. he has been and still is the valued representative of the London Times, and a standard authority among the people of this country on all matters The name of this organization is simply "Overseas Writers", and it affecting the relations of America to the British empire. And rightly he was organized on June 22, 1821. A meeting was called by a committee is so. Graduated in his student days at Heidelburg, the Serbonne, and consisting of the late Richard V. Oulahan, of The New York Times, David other places where knowledge is acquired by attentive study, the master Lawrence of United States News, he then operating a newspaper syndicate of several polite and useful languages, an authority on the literature of of his own, Mark Sullivan of The New York Herald Tribune, and the late his own, American and other countries, he has spent a number of years Frederic William Wile who represented, in Germany, British and American as editor or a representative of English newspapers of the highest class journals before and during the first World War. At that meeting it was in China, Japan and the Philippines. For a long time he has been in great decided to form "An Association of American Writers in Washington who request as a speaker before distinguished gatherings in the Capital on have had foreign writing experience." Present at the first meeting were World Affairs, Literature, Finance and the high standards of life in the Edwin M. Hood of the Associated Press, J. Fred Essary of the Baltimore best of the World's better Civilization. At his best, and in many fields, it Sun, Burge McFall of the Associated Press, Oliver Owen Kuhn of The is doubtful that America has a real journalistic match for the talented Sir Washington Star, Ralph H. Turner, H. R. Baukhage, David Lawrence, Wilmot/Lewis. Mark Sullivan and Frederic William Wile. The By-Laws, a draft of which had been made in advance, was approved at this meeting, which out- Two World Wars have removed from the midst of Washington writing lined the aims and purposes of the organization as follows: many men serving foreign journals. Among the best known Foreign "The extension of hospitality to distinguished foreigners who come to Correspondents of the First World War period was Dr. George Barthelme of the Cologne Gazette. He had been editor of that German paper when Washington, to distinguished Americans associated with American activi- he came to Washington in 1910. He was so very ardent in pushing the ties abroad, and to promote other professional and social purposes." ideas of his home people and their government that he was not always The first social gathering of the organization was held the month follow- discreet in his attitude toward the people of this country. He returned to ing this first meeting when the Overseas Writers was host to the dis- Germany when County Bernsdorff, German Ambasador to this country, left tinguished British statesmen and writers, Lord Northcliff and Wickham these shores as the relations between the United States and Germany Stead. were sundered in 1917. Barthelme returned to this country after the close of the war, but his health broke and he did not regain anything like the During the years which have followed Overseas Writers have enter- standing he at one time held in the newspaper and social life of the tained hundreds of ambassadors, ministers and other public officials in Capital of this country. many lines of endeavor in world activities, foreign writers, American 31 30 writers on their return from trips abroad, and many others who would be papers, chiefly The Baltimore Sun; James Rankin Young was a writer in position to give timely and valuable comment upon international matters. here for Philadelphia papers, also as a Congressman from Philadelphia, This is not an effort to list all of the noted correspondents who have a long-time Secretary of the United States Senate and known to all those served as head of Overseas Writers, but a partial list would include: who have been active in Washington newspaper work since the beginning of the present century; Gen. H. V. Boynton, long a correspondent here Richard V. Oulahan, New York Times Frederick William Wile, Philadelphia Ledger for the Cincinnati Commercial-Gazette, succeeding in that position White- Mark Sullivan, New York Herald Tribune law Reid, who went to New York to become associated with Horace Greely Oswald Schuette, Chicago News on the New York Tribune. Gen. Boynton was active in Washington until Herbert Corey, North American Newspaper Alliance after the close of the Spanish-American War in which he gave meritorious Charles G. Ross, St. Louis Post Dispatch service. Henry Suydam, Brooklyn Eagle Paul Wooten, McGraw-Hill Publications and New Orleans Picayune There is a long list of Washington writers, many of whom were active Lowell Mellett, Scripps-Howard Newspapers Carroll Kenworthy, United Press during a greater part of the period from a half century ago down to within Erwin D. Canham, Christian Science Monitor the memory of men now in the service, and who will be remembered for Harold Hinton, New York Times high grade work in the Washington newspaper field. Among these are The president of Overseas Writers at this time is Barnet Nover of the Major John M. Carson, of the Philadelphia Public Ledger and later of Washington Post. the New York Times; Ben: Perley Poore, long with Boston papers here. The luncheon entertainments of Overseas Writers have become widely Maj. Poore was known to the writing fraternity of Washington from the sixties down to near the time of his death, which occurred in the Old known. Speakers at these events are assured that their remarks will not be attributed to them or publicly used in a way to identify the speaker. Ebbitt House, on the site of the present National Press Club building, on May 29, 1887. Poore's successor in the Boston Journal office in Washing- In this way many matters are discussed at these meetings in an open and ton was E. B. Wight, who, up to the time of his death, also represented the frank manner which would remain unspoken were the speaker to be aware Chicago Inter Ocean; E. G. Dunnell, for many years the able correspond- that what he might say would be quoted. The types of speakers which ent of the New York Times; Frank P. Morgan, one of the early active have been heard at these gatherings may be indicated by the mention of reporters on local papers, and later a writer for Boston and New York a few of those who have appeared during the past year: Secretary of State papers; Francis E. Leupp, of the New York Evening Post, who began his Cordell Hull; Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles; Lord Halifax, newspaper work under the Poet Editor, William Cullen Bryant; R. M. British Ambassador; the Australian Minister, Dr. Hubertus Von Mook; Larner, of Baltimore papers, and later with the Charleston News and Harry W. Flannery, Nelson A. Rockefeller; Jay Allen; Capt. L. P. Lo- Courier; other representatives of the Southern press included E. W. Bar- vette; Noel Hall; Nelson T. Johnson; Lachlin Currie and Archibald Mc- rett, of the Atlanta Constitution, who later became editor of the Birming- Leish. ham Age-Herald; 0. O. Stealey, for many years correspondent here for Commemorating the twenty-first anniversary of its organization a Col. Henry Watterson's Louisville Courier-Journal; W. G. Sterett, a formal evening dinner was held with notable speakers. unique and original character, representing Galveston and Dallas, Texas, papers. Of Associated Press writers who made high reputations in distinc- tive service, were E. M. Hood, covering the State Department, and Thomas CONNECTING THE PRESENT WITH THE PAST F. Dawson, reporting for the Associated Press the inside workings of the United States Senate. Among the western representatives who will be Among the Washington newspapermen who connected the early days remembered, were William E. Curtis, of The Chicago Record-Herald; of service with a time close to the present, and were personally known to Charles M. Pepper, of The Chicago Tribune; Fred Perry Powers, of The many members of the fraternity who are still engaged in active work here, Chicago Times, who later went to New York as editor of The Journal of are the following: Commerce; Perry S. Heath, of various Indiana papers; S. E. Johnson and William C. McBride, of The Cincinnati Enquirer; Frank G. Carpenter, of W. B. Shaw, of the Philadelphia Inquirer, who came to Washington in The Cleveland Leader, who later distinguished himself as a world-wide 1851, and served as a writer down to within a short time before the Na- correspondent. Among the eastern correspondents who will be remem- tional Press Club was established; Crosby S. Noyes, long editor of the bered are Charles A. Conant, of The New York Journal of Commerce; Evening Star, connected the period before the Civil War to that of a Richard V. Qulahan, of The New York Sun, subsequently for many years quarter of a century ago; Frank A. Richardson, who retired a number of of The New York Times: L. A. Coolidge, of The Boston Journal; Robert years before he passed away, dated back in his Washington writings to J. Wynne, of The Cincinnati Commercial Gazette and later of The New the Civil War days, and had a long record of valuable service for various York Press. Of local political writers and correspondents, N. O. Mes- 32 33 the stirring times which preceded, in the administrations of John Quincy senger and John P. Miller, of The Washington Star, the latter in earlier Adams and Andrew Jackson, when the Monroe Doctrine, which originated years succeeding Frank A. Richardson on the Baltimore Sun. in the term of Monroe, was receiving its first hearing in the capitals of The foregoing list is included to preserve the names of a few, at least, foreign countries; also, the monetary measures which agitated the nation of the notable Washington writers, some of whom bring back the mem- during the Jackson regime. ories of the early days when Washington newspaper work was having its Having these facts in mind regarding the momentous issues which have real beginnings. And some of these who have "passed to the Great Be- been written about from the National Capital, how wanting in information yond," were charter members of the National Press Club, in 1908, as must have been the people in the first few years of the administrations follows: William E. Curtis, of the Chicago Record-Herald; 0. 0. Stealey, of Washington, Adams and Jefferson regarding the formation of the new of the Louisville Courier-Journal; Thomas F. Dawson and E. M. Hood, of nation, the frequently strained relations between the United States, England the Associated Press; John P. Miller, of the Baltimore Sun, and N. 0. and France, and the culminating work, in the Jefferson administration, of Messenger of the Washington Star. L. A. Coolidge and Frank P. Morgan, acquiring vast areas of the country to the west and south which ultimately who had retired from newspaper work, joined among the associate members became the four boundary lines of the United States, as augmented by the in the Charter Members' list. acquisition of territory which followed the war with Mexico, in the Polk It will be readily understood that writers at the national Capital during administration. recent years, who did not have a comprehensive grasp of the underlying principles of international and national events, would not be well equipped THE NEWSPAPERMEN'S SOURCES OF NEWS to furnish accurate information to the public. Writers at the national An attempt to give even an outline of the events in the history of the Capital in these days must have had a thorough knowledge of the United City of Washington, during the past century and a half, such as engaged States, and be informed as to the basic facts underlying debts owed by the attention of newspapermen in the writing of news, or stories about the foreign countries to the United States, and the background of those affairs news, would require a volume of no small dimensions. In fact, it is a real as they arose out of the First World War. The same is true with reference history of the occurrences in the life of the Capital. to the details of the causes and successive events arising in connection with the industrial and monetary depression, which in these times was visited But there are certain stories and news events which occupied much of upon the leading nations of the world. It is also true of those who wrote the time of newspapermen, the details of which were little known to the upon public affairs in Washington during recent years, including the average reader of newspapers and periodicals, but which had an important multitude of details regarding the origin, operation and conclusion of the bearing upon the times and the future. World War No. 1, the treaties between the United States and foreign Soon after the establishment of the Nation's Capital in Washington, countries resulting therefrom, together with the intricate matters of finance, such news events as the tragic death of Alexander Hamilton in a duel with increased revenues, and the bond issues put out by the federal government. Aaron Burr, which came soon after the ending of the term of John Adams, Looking back to the administrations of Presidents McKinley and with whose career in the White House Mr. Hamilton had little to do, and Theodore Roosevelt, one will recall that the writers of those days had to the coming of Thomas Jefferson, with whose entry into the White House Mr. Hamilton had much to do. The death of Hamilton shocked the Nation be informed regarding problems which arose in connection with the Span- ish-American War and the new insular possessions which, as a result of and did much to bring about the ending of the cruel and senseless dueling the war, came to be a part of the United States; the development of the custom. Another noteworthy event in Mr. Jefferson's term, and which Panama Canal, and the activities which continued over a number of years was one of the big news stories of the time, was what came to be known in the efforts of the federal government to control the operations of large as "The Louisiana Purchase." Jefferson contended against the opposition corporations and so-called "trusts". to this move on his part, notwithstanding the protestations that the pur- chase was against the Constitution of the United States. Another great In the administrations of Presidents Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, event in the administration of James Madison was the burning of the Washington writers had questions to deal with regarding the operations Capitol and the White House, during the War of 1812 with Great Britain. of the Civil War and the facts which led up to that great conflict; the The administration of James Monroe brought about the "Monroe Doc- reconstruction period and the political clashes which arose between Presi- trine" of which much has been heard and talked about in and out of the dent Johnson and those opposed to him during his term of office. One newspapers in every year since. Then came the administration of Andrew may well conclude, in reflecting upon the great problems which have con- Jackson, colorful and exciting, furnishing a real picture of Democracy fronted the American nation during the past 75 years, how difficult it must in action. Jackson's war on the banks and his removal of the federal have been for the comparatively few publications of the early days to get deposits therefrom, giving, as was alleged at the time, a real encourage- properly before the people the facts concerning the war between the ment to the era of "red dog" currency and other forms of spurious or the United States and Mexico, in the administration of James K. Polk; 35 34 doubtful forms of money, or money substitutes, of those times. Jackson the business of the House for a week or ten days by motions in parliamen- also made news on account of an attempt by an assassin to kill him at a tary procedure which brought about roll-call after roll-call, occupying half reception in the White House. Another great news event to thrill the or three-quarters of an hour for each call, thus preventing the House from Nation at about this time, was the sudden death of President William accomplishing any legislative business. Henry Harrison, who, under the campaign banner of "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too" was swept into the White House to remain but a month, STIRRING POLITICAL EVENTS when, it was claimed, as a result of exhaustion incident to the campaign and the inauguration, his life was cut short and John Tyler became At this juncture it may be appropriate to call attention to two legisla- president. Then followed the administration of James K. Polk, with the tive events which, while not so striking as the work of assassins, or the Mexican War and the controversy arising out of the then active discussion wars in which the country was from time to time engaged, left indelible of the slavery question, was carried down through the years in charges impressions upon the history of those times. One of these events took by the opposition to slavery that the Mexican War, and the acquisition of place in the House of Representatives, and the other in the Senate. In the territory obtained from Mexico, really was a move to strengthen the hands House the event to be narrated followed the parliamentary controversy of the slavery advocates and make what was termed a wider area for the over the time wasted in roll-calls, etc. This came under the speakership of development of slavery. These events culminated in the election of Abra- the notably powerful, resourceful and brainy Speaker of the House at that ham Lincoln, the Civil War and the passing of Lincoln at the hands of an time, Thomas B. Reed, of Maine. In his administration of the speakership, assassin. A notable general of the Civil War, Ulysses S. Grant, won great Mr. Reed was aided by a slender Republican majority to support him, less fame in that contest, and this led to his election to the presidency following than half a dozen, and controversies over contested election cases threat- the term served by Andrew Johnson, amidst the bitter strife which was ened to reduce the even slender majority under which Mr. Reed entered engendered by the "Reconstruction Days" and all that those times meant. upon his service as Speaker. Out of this controversy grew one of the most The country entered upon another era of excitement when President striking changes in parliamentary affairs the popular branch of Congress Garfield, who had been in high places in the war and in the legislative halls had known from its inception. In one of the close votes being recorded of Congress, was shot down by a political degenerate, one Guiteau. Then, in the House at the time, the Democratic opposition to Speaker Reed and there came to the White House a stalwart Democrat, Grover Cleveland, his party resorted to a plan for defeating the purposes of the majority, not who served a term, was voted out of office and returned by defeating the by absenting themselves from the House, but by sitting silent in their man who four years before had defeated him. Then came the era of the seats and refusing to respond to roll calls, thus on the face of the roll-call first Roosevelt, so-called "T. R.", and the rise and passing of William J. itself, stopping business for want of a "quorum." Speaker Reed announced Bryan, preceded by the service of William McKinley for one term, and a that it was but a demonstration to the country that a minority, to defeat few months of the second term, when he fell at the hands of an anarchist the public business, would "sit silent in their seats on roll calls, and yet assassin, Czolgosz. In the first term of McKinley the country entered into in stentorian voices declare that they were not present." With consum- the first war after the Civil War, namely, the short and sharp conflict of mate courage Mr. Reed cut the Gordian knot. He told the tally clerk, the United States with Spain, which resulted in the loss to the Spanish whose duty it was to record the vote, to put in the names which he called power of practically all its possessions outside of the immediate Spanish off, as sitting present in their seats, and recording them as present and not homeland. This was leading up to the colorful, romantic and exciting voting, but making up a "quorum." This came to be known as the "Reed administration of Theodore Roosevelt, the construction of the Panama quorum counting" scheme. Of course, the minority denounced this with Canal, which is another of the influences upon present day history. great vigor, and even went so far as to claim that Reed counted, as present, the hats of the minority members that were hanging in the cloakrooms. About this time there occurred in the legislative halls of Congress an As evidence of the bitterness of the time, one Democratic leader, a member event which occupied the attention of every writer then engaged in the from Indiana, W.D. Bynum, became so obstreperous in opposition to the national capital. That was the dethronement of Joseph G. Cannon, the Speaker that the Republican majority voted that the censure of the House Speaker of the House of Representatives. By dethronement is not meant should be visited upon Mr. Bynum, and Speaker Reed called Bynum to the taking from him of the Speakership, but the revolt against the rule of the area in front of the Speaker's rostrum and pronounced the censure. Mr. Cannon took away his power of appointing the committees of the In that controversy another Democratic leader, Charles F. Crisp, of House. This revolt was led by a number of so-called "liberals" of those Georgia, won his spurs which made him the next Democratic Speaker, days who insisted that the speakership, as operated under the direction of when that party had captured the House two years later. In a speech Mr. Cannon, had too much power. This controversy followed the more bristling with invective and sarcasm, he "appealed from Philip drunk to serious one over the rules of the House, which had existed from the Philip sober". The temper displayed during this parliamentary conflict earliest days. Under those rules it was possible for so alert and vigorous was well illustrated by the comments of one correspondent of a leading a Member of the House as was General James B. Weaver of Iowa, to block Democratic newspaper, who wired his paper the night following the 36 37 battle, describing how Speaker Reed ignored the protesting Democratic cuting Kansas Jayhawkers for robbing hen roosts," referring to Ingalls as members, as they clamored for recognition that they might denounce the judge advocate of the Kansas troops. ruling of "Czar Reed," "But the moon-faced despot gazed vacantly over Few there are of the present day who have not vivid memories of the the Democratic side." As a Republican leader in that controversy, William trying times of the first World War, when Woodrow Wilson was president, McKinley showed high metal which had somewhat to do, subsequently, and of his tragic death shortly thereafter, and fewer there are who are not with his elevation to the presidency. The Reed rule has continued since familiar with the "Third term contest" of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, that time. in which was upset the tradition that only two terms should be served by Now, let us turn to the arena of the Senate where politics in those any president, which had been the rule from George Washington's time. days often rose to very high heat, and recorded vituperative speeches on Another event which carried great implications in all the news and news both sides of the Chamber. One of the orators of that time, and probably stories then written was the unsuccessful attempt of Mr. Roosevelt to one of the foremost speakers ever to sit in the Senate, was the waspish change the complexion of the Supreme Court of the United States by a Republican Senator from Kansas, John J. Ingalls. A noteworthy event plan greatly different from the orderly routine of filling vacancies that was a particularly savage speech by Mr. Ingalls in which he engaged in occur in that body. what was probably the last real demonstration of what in those days was termed, "Waving the bloody shirt". The meaning of that phrase was that THEN AND NOW the speaker revived the bitterness of the Civil War days. For such pur- pose Senator Ingalls was abundantly qualified. No study of the conditions in Washington during the period since 1800, when the spot was selected for the Capital of the new nation, and the show- During his speech of more than an hour's duration, Senator Ingalls ing of the city as it is today, would be complete without a mental picture ruffled the sensibilities of the Democratic minority in the Senate with an of the origin of the city, and what it is at the end of 150 odd years that it attack upon everything Democratic, among other things, making some tart has been the seat of government of the Nation. Actual photographs are remarks regarding the last Democratic candidate for the Presidency, Gen- numerous showing the beauties of the city today, and many are obtainable eral Winfield Scott Hancock. Also, in the course of his remarks, Mr. which serve to illustrate the growth of the city from early times down to Ingalls made some pointed observations regarding a democratic senator the present day. of the Civil War days whom he charged with being a member of the so- called "Knights of the Golden Circle". As he told the story, Ingalls made Emphasis is often given to the fact that Washington should be a beau- it appear that the Senator he had in mind was the then Senator from tiful Capital. It is probably the only city ever especially designed to be a Indiana, D. W. Voorhees, one of the stalwart Democrats of the time, and capital. The plans for the city of Washington, and the government build- popularly known as the "Tall Sycamore of the Wabash". Voorhees hap- ings which make it a Capital city, were laid upon virgin grounds. The pened to be at luncheon, and on his return to the floor it is probable hills and plains of the site for the future city were wooded or grassy plots that some of his colleagues informed him what Ingalls had said. Voorhees when, in 1790, Alexander Hamilton outgeneraled Thomas Jefferson and rose in his place, weaving slightly, giving evidence that he had dined well obtained, through Jefferson's intervention with members of Congress from in the Senate restaurant, interrupted the Kansas Senator and referred to the Southern states, votes enough to put through Hamilton's pet project him as "A great liar", with a few other unparliamentary appellations. for "assumption," in return for those votes, acquiescence was given to the Instead of following the customary practice of calling the Indiana Senator desires of the Southern men that the Capital be located "on the Potomac." to order, and insisting that the language be "taken down" as an affront Just what were the actual beginnings of the Capital city "on the Poto- to the orderly procedure of the Senate, Ingalls, in his own way, replied: mac," about which and from which scores upon scores of newspapermen, "If the Senator from Indiana were in a police court he would be sent beginning in 1800, have written to periodicals in all parts of the United to the rock pile for drunk and disorderly." States and throughout the civilized world? No reply was made to the Ingalls speech except a brief one by the Five years before the seat of government of the United States was then Senator from Kentucky, Joseph C.S. Blackburn. Blackburn was a transferred from Philadelphia, its temporary home which was limited to a striking figure in the Senate, but he had no sustained reputation as an period of ten years from 1790, an English traveler visited the spot and orator, or as a general debater upon high public questions. On this described what he saw. That traveled Englishman was Thomas Twining, occasion it seemed that the attack which Ingalls had made upon General who was sailing from India to England, by way of the United States. On Hancock was something of an inspiration to Joe Blackburn who arose as April 27, 1795, he described his visit to the site of the proposed Capital Ingalls finished his speech and said: of the United States. (Travels in America 100 years ago by Thomas "When General Hancock lay weltering in his blood on Cemetery Twining, Harper & Brothers, New York, 1893.) "Leaving Georgetown Heights, at Gettysburg, the Senator from Kansas was engaged in prose- on horseback," he says he 38 39 "crossed an extensive tract of level country resembling an English heath, I entered a large wood through which an imperfect road had been made, principally by removing the trees, or rather the upper part of them, in the usual manner. After some time this indistinct way assumed more the ap- pearance of a regular avenue, the trees having been cut down in a straight line, although no habitation of any kind was visible, I had no doubt I was now riding along one of the streets of the metropolitan City. I continued in this spacious avenue for half a mile, and then came upon a large spot, cleared of wood, in the center of which I saw two buildings on an extensive scale, and some men at work on one of them. *** advancing and speaking to these workmen, they informed me that I was now in the center of the city, and that the building before me was the Capitol, and the other destined to be a tavern. * * * Looking from where I now stood I saw on every side a thick wood pierced with avenues in a more or less perfect state. These de- noted the lines of the intended streets, which already appeared on the engraved plan with their intended names. The Capitol promised to be a large and handsome building, judging from the part, about two-thirds already above the ground. I walked through several of the lower apartments, and saw the halls designed for the representatives and senate, now in an unfinished state, and en- cumbered with building materials. I did not go into the tavern. It was a large building of red brick, and in a much more advanced state than the Capitol, being roofed in." There is a pen picture of the site of Washington five years before the government was located, before a newspaper was established here and writing men took upon themselves the task of telling the world what the government of the United States was doing. And the newspaper writers have been doing that from that beginning down to the present day. There were only a few of them in the period from 1800, even during the War of 1812, and the burning of the Capitol and White House by the British in 1814. We have found that as far down the annals as 1836, in Jackson's time, less than a dozen writers were engaged in telling the story of the doings of Congress for papers in the then principal cities of the country. In 1860, with a great Civil War impending, the number of reporters and correspondents on the ground was less than fifty, and the first Press Club established in Washington, seven years later, probably had fewer than that number of members. The growth of Washington during the first century of its existence, was very slow. In the first fifty years the population had scarcely reached 150,000. In 1900 the number of people here was about 300,000, and the JAMES GORDON BENNETT, Sr.-A pioneer great increase in population occurred during the next twenty years, when Washington Correspondent (1827), Founder of the total reached nearly 600,000. The New York Herald (1836), Died 1872. On In these years the Capitol, which was begun at an estimated cost of the day following the passing of Mr. Bennett, about a million dollars, was completed at a total cost of about $25,000,000. The New York Tribune said of him, among other Massive marble, granite and stone buildings have been completed, many things: "He was a man of extraordinary capacity. of them costing from $5,000,000 to $15,000,000 each, and many semi- *** No journalist in the country excelled him public buildings in the city have been erected at costs ranging from a in the power of commenting upon current million to probably close to $18,000,000 each. events. *** He understood the value of news. In the meantime, the National Press Club, representative of Washing- *** He may almost be said to be the inventor ton's writing men, reporters and editors, which began about thirty-five of journalism in its latest and highest develop- years ago, with a membership of less than 200, has grown to a membership ment. *** He was the first journalist who went to meet the news half way."-From "Views and of about 2,500 in 1942. Interviews on Journalism," New York, 1875. 40 I've B/D STATE abuthis m- been 7 12 9 de Vidaurreacknowledging the receipt of the copy of his book presented to the President. Please return the book to this office P.P 7 X B when it has served its purpose. Grace G. Tully B Private Secretary dd February 11, 1943 L. S. Rowe, X480 Director General, Pan American Union, Washington, D. C. Dr. Alberto Sayan de Vidaurre, Poste Restante - Correo Central, Buenos Aires, Argentina sent the Pres. a copy of his book "For Inter-American Cooperation" through the courtesy of Dr. Rowe. BUY UNITED STATES DEFENSE BONDS AND STAMPS Mis Ehen STATE Do you want to take a record of this gift q-D Q 9 File Room copy of his book presented Please return the book to this office B.P 7 X B when it has served its purpose. The Grace G. Tully B Private Secretary dd February 11, 1943 L. S. Rowe, X 480 of Director General, Pan American Union, Washington, D. C. Dr. Alberto Sayan de Vidaurre, Poste Restante - Correo Central, Buenos Aires, Argentina sent the Pres. a copy of his book "For Inter-American Cooperation" through the courtesy of Dr. Rowe. BUY UNITED STATES DEFENSE BONDS AND STAMPS DEPARTMENT OF STATE February 15, 1943 7 x20 + MEMORANDUM FOR HONORABLE GEORGE T. SUMMERLIN: 02 Will you not be good enough to have 9 an appropriate note sent to Dr. Alberto Sayan de Vidaurreacknowledging the receipt of the copy of his book presented to the President. Please return the book to this office p.p 7 B when it has served its purpose. Grace G. Tully Private Secretary dd February 11, 1943 L.S. Rowe, X Director General, Pan American Union, Washington, D. C. Dr. Alberto Sayan de Vidaurre, Poste Restante - Correo Central, Buenos Aires, Argentina sent the Pres. a copy of his book "For Inter-American Cooperation" through the courtesy of Dr. Rowe. BUY UNITED STATES DEFENSE BONDS AND STAMPS BPP DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON In reply refer to PR February 23. 1943 My dear Miss Tully: In compliance with your memorandum of February 15, 1943, I am returning herewith the book For Inter-American Cooperation, forwarded to the President by the Director General of the Pan American Union at the instance of the author, Señor Dr. Alberto Sayán de Vidaurre, of Buenos Aires. The American Embassy at Buenos Aires has been requested to convey to Dr. Sayán de Vidaurre a suitable expression of the President's thanks for this volume. Sincerely yours, Chief of Protocol Enclosure: Book, returned. Miss Grace G. Tully, FORVICTORY The White House. BUY UNITED STATES DEFENSE BONDS AND STAMPS PPP February 22, 1943 Dear Mr. Richards: The President asks me to thank you ever 80 much for renewing his supply XPP7 of initialed@matoh covers. He is most 9-m appreciative of your thought of him and wants you know that they will be put to good use. This little note takes to you the President's best wishes. Very sincerely yours, GRACE G. TULLY Private Secretary + John S. Richards, Esq., The Diamond Match Company, Book Match Department, New York, New York. tmb L GRACE Mrs. Nesbit phoned last week to say that these had come and to ask that the President write a note of thanks to Mr. Richards. Last year P.P.7. the letter went over your signature, therefore I have prepared this for 9-D yours. TOI Drawing filed. fmf KALAL, Mrs. Marie, Davenport, Ia. 2-7-43 (ack. 2-26-431 STEVENS, Robert, P.O.7. Hamden, Connecticut, February 22, 1943 - - ackd. 9-D Let. to President, enclosing drawing. Drawing filed. See P.P.F. 9-S fmf KALAL, Mrs. Marie, Davenport, Ia. 2-7-43 (ack. 2-26-43) sends a handmade doll to the President. (Given to Diana Hopkins). See P.P.F.9-K Poterary 1848 br door Dranova P.P. P.P.F. 7. Permit & to the of 9-D No the You Used your direct thought is approviated tery Greate 0. Tully Private Countary Reverent Mkola 19 Las Stanet, ppt February 25, 1943 G.R My dear Mr. Drenovac: Permit me to acknowledge the re- ceipt of the copy of the book which you XPPL + sent to the President. You may be assured 9-B that your kind thought is much appreciated. Very sincerely yours, Grace G. Tully Private Secretary Reverend Nikola Drenovac, 39 Laird Street, Youngstown, Ohio. mtl X Book: -- CPNCKA ENONEJA - Translated by Michael Petrovich. 881 a-8 February 24, 1943 Gentlemen: I want to acknowledge the receipt of xpp1 the copy of the book, MITCHELL: Pioneer of Air q-B Power, and to assure you that your courtesy in 4249 sending it to the President is appreciated. Very sincerely yours, Grace G. Tully Private Secretary B X Duell, Sloan and Pearce, Inc., 270 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. dd 387 a. February 8, 1943 My dear Mrs. DeSomer: This little note conveys to you the President's thanks for the kind thought which prompted you to send him those birth- XPPF 9-G day remembrances, products of your own handi- work. He is grateful, too, for your prayers X pp7 9-5 and the good wishes, extended in the enclosed greeting card. Very sincerely yours, Grade G. Tully Private Secretary Mrs. Amedee DeSomer, Higganum, Hand Connecticut. Knit Dlores of sox white pl mis-ameder De Somer mrs a De Somer 2/8/43 Higganum from tggt E felt the (article land Comp FEB 1-1943 the boid snowstorm be to Reash my moul birthdays Pakage me, for one who lives a lot to suffer in Winter leared away for severall of 2 to time. me all I do es hut for Relief 0 when summer Comen ur sufferings m Winter the lown of Killingworth, were I have in does very little for its Poeple who have on the Borders of the town, time in again we asked for a good Road, but of no use, we just get tred of A all an now has Roosefelt I hope you will like my little Resent the work of a sixty four you old woman, the work our doing already from 1939 for Refut Respectfully misameder De Somer a bit of luck this wishes you not only for today But for many a glad tomorrow all along your way - a bit of rare good fortune and happiness, and cheer To stay with you, and bring you joy Right through a Remember ways I HAPPY you My YEAR! De Some in my Prayerr joy fugga, dee De Son mrs a De Somer Achord Higganum an first Lady of the (article land Dear mrs Roosefilt 3.10mg 2/8/43 tgggt C Comp FEB 1-1943 Due to the boid Snowstorm we had I was unable to Reash my moul in time for In Roosefelt birthdays Pakage I hope you will excuse me, for one who lives m these town Roads have a lot to suffer in Winter the snow does not get Cleared away for severall days, sometimes weeks, all I do es hut for Relef on Past the time away, an Lo when summer Comer thensve g forget all about our sufferings m Winter the town of Killingworth, were I have in does very little for ts Poeple who have on the Borders of the town, time in again we asked for a good Road, but of no use, we just get tred of A all an now has Roosefelt I hope you will like my little Resent the work of a sexty four you old woman, the work am doing already from 1939 for Refut Respectfully misameder De Somer