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1974/09/04 HR13999 NSF Appropriation Authorization 1975
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The original documents are located in Box 7, folder "9/4/74 HR13999 NSF Appropriation
Authorization 1975" of the White House Records Office: Legislation Case Files at the
Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Exact duplicates within this folder were not digitized.
Digitized from Box 7 of the White House Records Office Legislation Case Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
APPROVED SEP4- SEP 1974
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20503
AUG 2 8 1974
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
Posted
Subject: Enrolled Bill H.R. 13999 - NSF appropriation
authorization, 1975
9/4
Sponsor - Rep. Teague (D) Texas, and 24 others
Jo archines
Last Day for Action
9/5
September 4, 1974 - Wednesday (Recommend that this bill be
acted on before H.R. 15572, also enrolled, for reasons set
forth in the paragraph at the end of this memorandum.)
Purpose
Authorizes appropriations for fiscal year 1975 for activities
of the National Science Foundation.
Agency Recommendations
Office of Management and Budget
Approval
National Science Foundation
Approval
Department of the Treasury
No objection
(Sec. 4)
Discussion
This is the annual appropriations authorization bill for NSF.
It contains certain undesirable substantive provisions
described below. Several were carried in earlier NSF
authorization bills, and NSF does not believe they will
create any significant new problems.
H.R. 13999 would authorize appropriations of $807.5 million
for fiscal year 1975 in 12 line-item categories. In addition,
it would authorize appropriations of $5 million in excess
foreign currencies for expenses incurred outside of the
United States. The two authorizations total $812.5 million
GERALD FORD LIBRAN
2
or $24.3 million more than the Administration's proposed
1975 budget request of $788.2 million. However, H.R. 15572,
which is now enrolled, carries total appropriations of
$768.15 million for NSF for fiscal year 1975, or more than
$20 million below the 1975 budget request.
The Administration proposed a lump-sum authorization of
appropriations for NSF. The line-item earmarking in
H.R. 13999, while undesirable, has been a part of NSF
authorization acts since fiscal year 1972, and has not
greatly affected the agency's activities. Within the
line-item earmarking, however, the enrolled bill also
establishes certain "floors"; i.e., providing that "not
less than" certain specified amounts shall be available
for particular program categories. However, the bill
requires only that funds from the appropriation be made
available for these "floors," not that they be obligated.
We have opposed such floors in the bill since they tend to
divert funds from higher priority programs and to reduce
NSF's overall flexibility in programming its appropriation,
which is usually lower than the authorization.
Several language provisions in H.R. 13999 might be noted
briefly.
(1) One provision requires that no transfers of funds
amounting to more than 10 percent of any line item may be
made unless the Congress is notified 30 days in advance.
A transfer could be made before the 30 days has elapsed if
each committee with jurisdiction has indicated in writing
that it does not object. This provision, while undesirable,
was included in earlier NSF authorization acts and should
pose no new problems.
(2) One provision in this bill which caused us serious
concern when it was first included in the NSF authorization
act for 1970 requires NSF to keep the appropriate substantive
committees "fully and currently" informed with respect to all
of its activities. At that time, the President issued a
signing statement which expressed his concern that "voluminous
reporting of detailed day-to-day activities can be unduly
burdensome without providing significant assistance to the
Congress in discharging its legislative responsibilities."
He indicated that the provision could raise a constitutional
issue of separation of powers but that he believed that NSF
3
could comply with it in a constitutionally acceptable way.
The provision was dropped in the 1971, 1972 and 1973
authorization acts but reinstated in the 1974 act. We
understand that NSF has not experienced any particular
problem with the provision.
In its views letter on H.R. 13999, NSF makes the following
recommendation on the order of signing the bills which
contain its appropriations authorization and actual
appropriations:
"Because the Enrolled Bill, H.R. 13999, and
H.R. 15572 (the Appropriation Enrolled Bill)
contain differing minimum and maximum require-
ments and dollar amounts, it is very important
that the President approve H.R. 13999 first,
and that he approve H.R. 15572 on a day
following approval of H.R. 13999."
OMB's General Counsel concurs in this recommendation.
Hulfred H. Roumel
Assistant Director for
Legislative Reference
Enclosures
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20550
nsf
August 27, 1974
OFFICE OF THE
DIRECTOR
Mr. Wilfred H. Rommel
Assistant Director for
Legislative Reference
Office of Management and Budget
Washington, D. C. 20503
Dear Mr. Rommel:
This is in reply to your request of August 23, 1974, for the comments of
the National Science Foundation on Enrolled Bill H. R. 13999, the
"National Science Foundation Authorization Act, 1975.'
The Enrolled Bill, H.R. 13999, authorizes an appropriation of
$812. 5 million, including $5.0 million in excess foreign currencies, for
the NSF for FY 1975. This compares to the $788. 2 million, including
$5. 0 million in excess foreign currencies, that would have been authorized
by H.R. 12816, the Administration's bill as introduced by Congressman
Teague. While the Enrolled Bill thus contains an authorization in excess
of that provided in the President's Budget, H.R. 15572, the Appropriation
Bill containing the NSF appropriation, which has already passed both Houses,
provides for total appropriations of $666. 35 million, including $4.85 million
in excess foreign currencies. The Energy R&D Appropriation Act,
(P. L. 93-322) additionally appropriates to the Foundation $101. 8 million
for FY 1975. This results in a total FY 1975 appropriation to the Foundation
in the amount of $768. 15 million, or $20.05 million below the President's
Budget.
As it has for the last several years, the NSF Authorization Act contains a
number of minimum dollar amounts to be available for specified purposes.
Limiting the use of funds to not less than certain amounts for particular
purposes, provisions which we have consistently opposed, has two major
undesirable effects. It forces the increase in expenditures for some of the
NSF program elements above the levels considered appropriate by the
Foundation. The second effect is that when the appropriation act is passed,
which is invariably below the total originally requested, we are forced to
FORD
RECEIVED
Aug 27 5:34 S 241974
-2-
Mr. Wilfred H. Rommel, OMB
Enrolled Bill H.R. 13999
divert from programs not subject to minimum expenditure requirements
to make up the difference between the budget estimate and statutory
minima. The result of these two effects is that some important science
is penalized in order to over-support other programs initially considered
less important. The Foundation is further constrained by the introduction
in its appropriation acts of specific maximum expenditure limits as well
as minimum expenditure limits which differ from those in the authorization
act. These limits exacerbate the effects of the minimum limitations con-
tained in the authorization act. by further distorting the balance and inter-
relationships of our programs.
Another provision which we have had in authorization acts for the last three
or four years is found in Section 6 of H. R. 13999. This provision limits the
transfer of funds from one of the 12 line-items to another to ten percent of
the transferree or ten percent of the transferor item whichever is less.
Provision is made for a formal request to the Congress for transfers in
greater amounts. However, to effect a transfer a report with justification
for the requested transfer must be transmitted to the Speaker of the House
and the President of the Senate, as well as to the NSF Oversight Committees
in both Houses. If no action is taken by either Committee within 30 days,
or if specific approval is given sooner, then the transfer can be effected.
Despite the existence of these statutory minimum requirements and the
limitation on transfer of funds between line-items, we recommend that
the President approve H. R. 13999.
Because the Enrolled Bill, H.R. 13999, and H. R. 15572 (the Appropriation
Enrolled Bill) contain differing minimum and maximum requirements and
dollar amounts, it is very important that the President approve H.R. 13999
first, and that he approve H.R. 15572 on a day following approval of
H.R. 13999.
A section-by-section comparison of the Enrolled Bill and the Administration
Bill, H. R. 12816, is enclosed.
Januel Haig Sincerely yours,
Lowell J. Paige
Acting Director
August 27, 1974
SECTION BY SECTION COMPARISON
ENROLLED BILL H.R. 13999
ADMINISTRATION BILL H.R. 12816
Section 1: This section authorizes by line
Section 1: This section authorizes NSF
item amounts (12 line items) NSF appropri-
appropriations for FY 1975 in the
ations for FY 1975 totalling $807. 5 million.
amount of $783. 2 million (with no
line item amounts).
Section 2: This section sets minimum amounts
to be available for certain NSF programs, as
No comparable section.
follows: Of the total amount authorized under
§1 of the Enrolled Bill, not less than $10
million for "Institutional Improvement for
Science, 11 not less than $15 million for
"Graduate Student Support," and not less than
$70 million for "Science Education Improve-
ment;" of the amount authorized in § 1(2),
"National and Special Research Programs,"
not less than $1.6 million for "Experimental
R&D Incentives" and not less than $4 million
for "Ship Construction/Conversion;" of the
amount authorized in § 1(6), "RANN", not less
than $1 million for "Fire Research" and not
less than $8 million for "Earthquake Research
and Engineering;" and of the amount authorized
in §1(10), "Science Education Improvement,'
not less than $1.5 million for "Science Faculty
Fellowships for College Teachers, 11 not less than
$3.8 million for "Student Programs" (including
"Undergraduate Student Projects" and "Student
Originated Programs") and not less than $2
million for "High School Student Projects. 11
See §5, below.
Section 2: Identical to §5 of the
Enrolled Bill.
Section 3: This section permits appropri-
Section 3: Identical to §3 of the
ations made pursuant to the Act to be used
Enrolled Bill.
in amounts not to exceed $5,000 for
official consultation, representation, or
other extraordinary expenses, to be
expended at the discretion of the Director.
SECTION BY SECTION COMPARISON (cont'd)
2.
ENROLLED BILL H.R. 13999
ADMINISTRATION BILL H. R. 12816
Section 4: This section authorizes, in
Section 4: Identical to §4 of the
addition to funds authorized by section 1,
Enrolled bill.
an authorization not to exceed $5 million
for FY 1975 for expenses of the Foundation
incurred outside the United States, to be
financed from foreign currencies which are
determined to be in excess of the normal
requirements of the United States.
Section 5: This section provides that
Section 2: Identical to $5 of the
appropriations made pursuant to sections
Enrolled Bill.
1 and 4 shall remain available for obli-
gation and expenditure for the period of
time specified in appropriations acts.
Section 6: This section provides that no
No comparable section.
funds may be transferred to or from any
line item listed in section 1 from or to any
other line item in section 1 if the total so
transferred would exceed 10% of either,
unless:
A. 30 legislative days have passed after
the Director has notified, in writing,
the Speaker of the House, the Vice
President, and the Senate and House
NS Authorization Committees of the
nature of the transfer and the reason
therefor, or
B. each authorization committee, before the
above 30 day period expires, has
notified the Director in writing that the
Committee has no objection to the proposed
action.
Section 7: The Director of NSF is required
No comparable section.
to keep the NSF Congressional oversight
committees "fully and currently" informed
of all NSF activities.
Section 8: This section cites the title of
Section 5: Identical to section 8 of
the authorization act, "The National
the Enrolled Bill.
Science Foundation Authorization Act,
1975."
OF
DEPARTMENT THE TREASURY
ARE
THE GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE TREASURY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20220
1789
AUG 28 1974
Director, Office of Management and Budget
Executive Office of the President
Washington, D.C. 20503
Attention: Assistant Director for Legislative
Reference
Sir:
Your office has asked for the views of this Department
on the enrolled enactment of H.R. 13999, "To authorize
appropriations for activities of the National Science Foundation,
and for other purposes. "
The only provision of the enrolled enactment of interest to
this Department is section 4 which would authorize the
appropriation of not to exceed $5 million for expenses for
the National Science Foundation incurred outside the United
States to be paid for in foreign currencies which the Treasury
determines to be excess to the normal requirements of the
United States.
The Department would have no objection to a recommendation
that the enrolled enactment be approved by the President insofar
as section 4 is concerned.
Sincerely yours,
General Counsel
AUG 23 1974
Director, Office of Management and Budget
Executive Office of the President
Washington, D.C. 20503
Attention: Assistant Director for Legislative
Reference
Sir:
Your office has asked for the views of this Department
on the enrolled enactment of H.R. 13999, "To authorize
appropriations for activities of the National Science Foundation,
and for other purposes."
The only provision of the enrolled enactment of interest to
this Department is section 4 which would authorize the
appropriation of not to exceed $5 million for expenses for
the National Science Foundation incurred outside the United
States to be paid for in foreign currencies which the Treasury
determines to be excess to the normal requirements of the
United States.
The Department would have no objection to a recommendation
that the enrolled enactment be approved by the President insofar
as section 4 is concerned.
Sincerely yours,
(Signed) Richard R. Albrecht
General Counsel
FORD is LIBRARY GERALD
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THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
8/28/74
TO: WARREN HENDRIKS
RDL
Robert D. Linder
THE WHITE HOUSE
ACTION MEMORANDUM
WASHINGTON
LOG NO.:
548
Date: August 29, 1974
Time:
10:00 a.m.
FOR ACTION: Michael Duval
CC (for information): Warren K. Hendriks
Phil Buchen
Jerry Jones
Bill Timmons
FROM THE STAFF SECRETARY
DUE:
Date:
Tuesday, September 3, 1974
Time:
2:00 p.m.
SUBJECT:
Enrolled Bill H.R. 13999 - NSF appropriation authorization,
1975
ACTION REQUESTED:
For Necessary Action
XX For Your Recommendations
Prepare Agenda and Brief
Draft Reply
For Your Comments
Draft Remarks
REMARKS:
Please return to Kathy Tindle - West Wing
PLEASE ATTACH THIS COPY TO MATERIAL SUBMITTED.
If you have any questions or if you anticipate a
delay in submitting the required material, please
K.R. COLE, JR.
telephone the Staff Secretary immediately.
For the President
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 3, 1974
MEMORANDUM FOR: MR. WARREN HENDRIKS
FROM:
WILLIAM E. TIMMONS
P.Am
frower
SUBJECT:
Action Memorandum - Log No. 548
Enrolled Bill H. R. 13999 - NSF appropriation
authorization, 1975.
The Office of Legislative Affairs concurs in the attached
proposal and has no additional recommendations.
Attachment
THE WHITE HOUSE
ACTION MEMORANDUM
WASHINGTON
LOG NO.:
548
Date:
August 29, 1974
Time:
10:00 a.m.
FOR ACTION: Michael Duval
CC (for information): Warren K. Hendriks
Phil Buchen
Jerry Jones
Bill Timmons
FROM THE STAFF SECRETARY
DUE: Date:
Tuesday, September 3, 1974
Time:
2:00 p.m.
SUBJECT:
Enrolled Bill H. R. 13999 - NSF appropriation authorization,
1975
ACTION REQUESTED:
For Necessary Action
XX For Your Recommendations
Prepare Agenda and Brief
Draft Reply
For Your Comments
Draft Remarks
REMARKS:
Please return to Kathy Tindle - West Wing
PLEASE ATTACH THIS COPY TO MATERIAL SUBMITTED.
If you have any questions or if you anticipate a
delay in submitting the required material, please
Warren K. Hendriks
telephone the Staff Secretary immediately.
For the President
THE WHITE HOUSE
ACTION MEMORANDUM
WASHINGTON
LOG NO.:
548
Date:
August 29, 1974
Time:
10:00 a. m.
FOR ACTION: Michael Duval
CC (for information): Warren K. Hendriks
Phil Buchen
Jerry Jones
Bill Timmons
FROM THE STAFF SECRETARY
DUE: Date:
Tuesday, September 3, 1974
Time:
2:00 p.m.
SUBJECT:
Enrolled Bill H.R. 13999 - NSF appropriation authorization,
1975
ACTION REQUESTED:
For Necessary Action
XX For Your Recommendations
Prepare Agenda and Brief
Draft Reply
For Your Comments
Draft Remarks
REMARKS:
No objection
H.C.
Please return to Kathy Tindle - West Wing
PLEASE ATTACH THIS COPY TO MATERIAL SUBMITTED.
If you have any questions or if you anticipate a
delay in submitting the required material, please
telephone the Staff Secretary immediately.
Warren K. Hendriks
For the President
THE WHITE HOUSE
ACTION MEMORANDUM
WASHINGTON
LOG NO.:
548
Date: August 29 1974
Time:
10:00 a. m.
FOR ACTION: Michael Duval
CC (for information): Warren K. Hendriks
Phil Buchen
Jerry Jones
Bill Timmons
FROM THE STAFF SECRETARY
DUE: Date: Tuesday, September 3, 1974
Time:
2:00 p.m.
SUBJECT:
Enrolled Bill H.R. 13999 - NSF appropriation authorization,
1975
ACTION REQUESTED:
For Necessary Action
XX For Your Recommendations
Prepare Agenda and Brief
Draft Reply
For Your Comments
Draft Remarks
REMARKS: OK
Make Donal
5/29
Please return to Kathy Tindle - West Wing
PLEASE ATTACH THIS COPY TO MATERIAL SUBMITTED.
If you have any questions or if you anticipate a
delay in submitting the required material, please
telephone the Staff Secretary immediately.
Warren K. Hendriks
For the President
93D CONGRESS
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
2d Session
an
REPORT
No. 93-995
AUTHORIZING APPROPRIATIONS TO THE NATIONAL
SCIENCE FOUNDATION
APRIL 15, 1974.-Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State
of the Union and ordered to be printed
Mr. TEAGUE, from the Committee on Science and Astronautics,
submitted the following
REPORT
together with
ADDITIONAL VIEWS
[To accompany H.R. 13999]
The Committee on Science and Astronautics, to whom was referred
the bill (H.R. 13999) to authorize appropriations for activities of the
National Science Foundation, and for other purposes, having con-
sidered the same, report favorably thereon without amendment and
recommend that the bill do pass.
PURPOSE OF THE BILL
The purpose of the bill is to authorize appropriations to the Na-
tional Science Foundation for fiscal year 1975 in the amount of $783.2
million out of money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated and
$5 million in foreign currencies which the Treasury Department de-
termines to be excess to the normal requirements of the United States.
CONTENTS
Page
Summary of committee recommendations
1
NSF funding history
2
Explanation of budget categories
3
1. Scientific research project support
3
Atmospheric sciences
6
Earth sciences
8
Oceanography
10
Biological sciences
12
Physics
16
Chemistry
18
Astronomy
21
Mathematical sciences
23
Social sciences
27
Engineering
30
Materials research
32
Computing activities
35
2. National and special research programs
36
Global atmospheric research program (GARP)
38
International decade of ocean exploration
38
Ocean sediment coring program
42
Arctic research program
42
U.S. Antarctic research program
45
Oceanographic facilities and support
50
Science and technology policy research
52
Energy R. & D. policy research
52
National R. & D. assessment program
53
Experimental R. & D. incentives program
54
3. National research centers
55
National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center
55
Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO)
56
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO)
58
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
59
National Center for Atmospheric Research
60
National Scientific Balloon Facility
62
4. Science information activities
62
Research
63
National information systems
63
User support
64
Foreign science
64
5. International cooperative science activities
65
Cooperative science program
65
Scientific organizations and resources program
66
International travel program
66
Support for special foreign currency projects
67
6. Research applied to national needs
67
Energy research and technology
68
Environmental systems and resources
76
Advanced technology applications
80
Social systems and human resources
81
Exploratory research and problem assessment
83
7. Intergovernmental science program
84
8. Institutional improvemement for science
84
Institutional grants for science
84
Institutional grants for research management improvement.
85
(III)
IV
Explanation of budget categories-Continued
Page
9. Graduate student support
86
Fiscal year 1975 graduate fellowship program
87
Traineeships and postdoctorals
87
10. Science education improvement
88
Improvement of education for careers in science
89
Improvement of education for scientific literacy
96
SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS
Increasing effectiveness of educational processes
100
Problem assessment and experimental projects
104
11. Planning and policy studies
105
BUDGET REQUEST
Studies of science resources
105
The President's budget included a request for $788.2 million for the
Science planning and policy analysis and program evaluation
studies
106
National Science Foundation. This represents an increase in the Foun-
12. Program development and management
107
dation's budget over FY 1974 obligations of $142.0 million, the bulk of
Research
108
which is associated with new initiatives in energy-related research
National and international programs
110
111
and development.
Research applications
Education
113
Executive management and special research
113
COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS
Central support services and administration
115
13. Special foreign currency program
115
The Committee on Science and Astronautics recommends that the
Scientific research and related activities
116
full amount of the authorization request, $788.2 million be authorized.
Scientific and technological information
117
H.R. 13999 authorizes that sum, but with certain adjustments within
Comparison of fiscal year 1974 with the fiscal year 1975 NSF request and
120
the twelve budget categories.
committee actions
Committee actions
121
Committee recommendations
122
INCREASES IN BUDGET CATEGORIES
Increases
122
Decreases
123
Reflecting the Committee's desire to adjust the priorities reflected
Committee views
126
in the recommended budget, the following increases in five of the
Applied research
126
twelve line items contained in Section 1 of the bill were made:
Proof of concept
126
Science Education. The Committee added a total of $15 million
Proportion of budget for science education
128
Institutional improvement for science
128
to the three line items covering science education. This increase is
Intergovernmental science program
128
distributed as follows: for Institutional Improvement for Science,
Sectional analysis of the bill
130
an increase of $7 million bringing the total to $10 million; for Gradu-
Section 1
130
130
ate Student Support an increase of $.5 million, bringing the total to
Section 2
Section 3
130
$13.2 million; and for Science Education Improvement an increase
Section 4
131
of $7.5 million, bringing the total to $68.9 million.
Section 5
131
Experimental R. & D. Incentives. The Committee increased the pro-
Section 6
131
Section 7
131
gram category "National and Special Research Programs" by $1.2 mil-
Section 8
131
lion in order to provide $2.2 million for the Experimental R. & D. In-
Section 9
131
centives Program.
Cost and budget data
132
Science Information Activities. The Committee restored $3.3 mil-
Committee recommendations
132
Agency recommendations
132
lion to this category bringing the total authorized to $8.3 million.
Additional views
135
DECREASES IN BUDGET CATEGORIES
To offset the increases which total $19.5 million, the Committee made
the following reductions which also total $19.5 million in two of the
line items:
Scientific Research Projects. The request for this program category
was reduced by $9.7 million to $354 million. This leaves an increase in
the Scientific Research Project Category over last year of $62.7
million.
Research Applied to National Needs (RANN). The request for this
program category was reduced by $9.8 million to $139.1 million. This
leaves an increase in the RANN category over last year of $64 million.
(1)
2
MINIMA FOR HIGH-PRIORITY PROGRAMS
The Committee, in order to insure that certain program activities
which are judged to be of high priority be funded, placed the minima
in the amounts shown on the following items:
Millions
EXPLANATION OF BUDGET CATEGORIES
Institutional improvement for science
$10. 0
Graduate student support
13. 2
Science education improvement
68. 9
1. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PROJECT SUPPORT
$354, 000, 000
Experimental R. & D. incentives
2.2
Authorization, fiscal year 1975
Fire research
2.0
Science faculty fellowships
1.5
Atmospheric Sciences
14,200,000
College student science education
3.8
Earth Sciences
13,300,000
High school student projects
2.0
Oceanography
15,500,000
Biological Sciences
83,100,000
Physics
43,600,000
NSF FUNDING HISTORY
Chemistry
36,100,000
Astronomy
11,200,000
The history of authorizations and appropriations for the NSF in
Mathematical Sciences
16,600,000
Social Sciences
28,300,000
the previous 5 years is contained in the table below:
Engineering
36,900,000
Materials Research
44,200,000
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FUNDING HISTORY
Computing Activities
11,000,000
[In millions of dollars]
Total
354, 000, 000
Fiscal years-
The major objectives of the Scientific Research Project Support
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
(SRPS) program are to strengthen the scientific research potential
of the Nation, to promote the progress of science, and to help to pro-
Authorizations:
Administration request
1490.000
2500.000
1 622.000
3653.000
582,600
11 788.2
vide the broad base of scientific understanding needed to address
House committee recommenda-
1480.605
2527.630
1 622.000
11 788. 2
major problems confronting the Nation such as energy, environmental
tion
3680.800
612. 9
House authorization
1 480.605
2527.630
1 622.000
3680.800
1612.9
quality, and others. These objectives are achieved by supporting a sub-
Senate committee recommenda-
250.000
1 706.500
3727.000
646.1
stantial portion of the Nation's fundamental research in the various
tion
490.150
Senate authorization
1490.150
250.000
1 706.500
3727.000
1 646. 1
fields of science.
Total authorization
1480,605
2539.730
1 655,500
3703.900
1635.6
Appropriations:
4
The Scientific Research Project Support program serves to
Administration request
1500.000
2513.000
1 523.150
3 10 687.318
1582.600
11 788.2
Augment our stock of knowledge and understanding of natural
House committee recommenda-
tion
2420.000
2 497.000
1585.000
37652.320
1564.6
laws and phenomena, fundamental life processes, fundamental
House appropriation
2 420.000
2 497.000
1585.000
37 652.320
564.6
Senate committee recommenda-
processes that influence man's environment, and the forces im-
tion
1461.000
2 513.000
1 623.150
3 639.160
1594.6
pacting on man as a member of society, as well as on the behavior
Senate appropriation
1 461.000
2 522.500
1 648.150
3 639.160
1 594.6
Total appropriation
2 440.000
2 513.000
1 622.000
3 645.740
1 569.6
of his societies.
Obligations
2 462.618
2496.400
1 600.720
6 615.001
¹²577.4
Support a general purpose national capability in all fields of
science by providing for continuing research on the frontiers of
1 Includes $3,000,000 excess foreign currency.
2 Includes $2,000,000 excess foreign currency.
knowledge, by modernizing instrumentation, and by developing
3 Includes $7,000,000 excess foreign currency.
4 Includes national sea grant program obligations: fiscal year 1970, $8,974,000; fiscal year 1971, $13,188,000; fiscal year
research resources.
1972 and following: None.
5 Greater than authorization request due to Federal salary increase of $1,150,000.
In FY 1975 the Scientific Research Project Support activity will
6 Includes $5,000,000 excess foreign currency.
provide support for the physical, environmental, biological, engineer-
7 Includes $26,320,000 for 4 Antarctic airplanes in supplemental.
8 Includes $13,160,000 for 2 Antarctic airplanes in supplemental.
ing, computing, and social sciences. In each of these scientific areas
9 Includes $19,740,000 for 3 Antarctic airplanes in supplemental.
10 Includes $1,418,000 due to Federal salary increase, and $32,900,000 for 5 Antarctic airplanes in supplemental.
special attention will be given to that fundamental research that shows
11 Includes $5,000,000 excess foreign currency.
promise of augmenting our knowledge of energy sources, processes,
12 Includes $3,000,000 excess foreign currency plus $2,657,000, prior year carryover in this category.
and uses.
The basic reason for support of scientific research projects is to
augment our stock of knowledge and keep our country in the forefront
of human understanding, SO that it will be better able to deal with the
changing problems of a modern industrialized society. Such knowl-
edge is a fund of capital from which information can be drawn for
applications leading to future payoffs and the avoidance or mitigation
(3)
4
5
of mistakes in all fields of human endeavor. Scientific research is
habits and demands of the population. We cannot afford to gamble
undertaken to expand the general competence of the Nation's people
that either our short- or long-term energy needs will adequately be
to use and live with nature, and to obtain the answers to specific
covered by even the most clever use of presently known materials and
questions regarding natural and social phenomena. Studies of phe-
processes.
nomena, whose understanding has some potential for improving our
Several technologies for energy which are "nearly" developed still
discovery, production and thoughtful utilization of energy, are among
depend crucially on a few pieces of information or on special materials
the specific questions addressed in this research program.
not now available. Other processes depend on discoveries which we
While scientific research is undertaken to answer questions about
hope will be made in the course of a planned research program. A re-
phenomena and unknowns in man's natural and social environment,
liable coal liquefaction program, for example, cannot be developed
new knowledge is also relevant to his present and future needs. New
without concurrent vigorous studies of catalysis, organic chemistry,
products, new processes, and new applications do not emerge full
sulphur chemistry, chemical kinetics, thermodynamics and materials.
grown. Basic science is a long-term investment in the national welfare
Fusion reactors depend on behavior of plasma under conditions not
and has a continuing payoff. Some short-term payoffs result, but more
important are the longer-term payoffs that result from the accumula-
yet established in the laboratory. We must increase our understanding
tion of permanent additions to our stock of knowledge. These payoffs
of the behavior of people under various kinds of incentives or regula-
tions and different types and supply of energy. Furthermore, we must
are founded on new principles and new conceptions which in turn are
increase our understanding of the impacts of various energy supply
painstakingly developed by research in basic science.
and utilization patterns on world economic, ecological, and environ-
Fundamental research is important not only to provide solutions to
mental systems.
some specific or general class of scientific problem, but also to increase
While the Scientific Research Project Support activity supports re-
the options that decision makers can apply in the future.
The National Science Foundation is the only Federal agency charged
search usually related to many objectives, a more selective approach
with maintaining the general overall health of the science enterprise
will be used in FY 1975 to orient some of the research to those inquiries
of the United States. The Scientific Research Project Support activity
evaluated as most likely to have a potential impact or promise on
energy resource discovery, production, conservation and use. Parallel
provides support for the most outstanding research proposals sub-
research will be conducted on environmental effects.
mitted from universities, colleges, and other research oriented institu-
tions located throughout the U.S. The individual scientists and groups
Energy-related general research support in this Budget Activity
of scientists provide an effective capability to capitalize on new scien-
will be directed to the following areas as recommended in the report
tific understanding, to be ready for the new problems the future will
to the President, The Nation's Energy Future: Materials research;
bring, and to exploit new scientific knowledge generated throughout
chemical, physical, and engineering studies bearing on energy; basic
the world. Because of this strong research base we are in a position to
biological research; plasmas; mathematical and social studies; pol-
expand our short and long range efforts on important energy-related
lutant characterization, measurement, and monitoring; environmental
transport systems; and environmental effects and assessment.
problems.
The FY 1975 Budget for Scientific Research Project Support is
Today's strong technology has been made possible by research done
based on a considered judgment on opportunities and priorities identi-
years ago. The future health of the nation's economy depends on an
fied by the National Science Board and the scientific community which
appropriate investment in research today.
have been evaluated in the light of recent Administration and Con-
The various modes of research support include: grants supporting
gressional guidance. These considerations have served to emphasize the
individual scientists, coherent area groups, large-scale organized proj-
priority of Scientific Research Project Support as a whole and have
ects, instrumentation centers and biological research collections; and
helped establish current priorities among the various fields of science,
support provided for visiting scientists at National Research Centers.
Among the considerations were important needs for more fundamental
The more aggregative modes of research support are utilized when
research to help solve energy-related problems, new and unusual scien-
the nature of the science makes team or organized approaches bene-
tific opportunities, and the problems of maintaining a high quality
ficial. Also many grants to individual scientists enable them to utilize
of research in the several disciplines on a national scale as the shorter
the facilities of observatories, accelerators, and other laboratories. Re-
range needs of other agencies for research in these disciplines change.
search by individual scientists is expected to continue to be the major
The fundamental inquiries undertaken through general research
type of research support because of its appropriateness for much of
have a key role to play in the Administration's goal of achieving a
the science proposed, its inherent flexibility, and its broad suitability
national self-sufficiency in energy requirements. Research efforts will
to the academic environment.
be conducted which have potential relevance toward solving both
The Scientific Research Project Support program in FY 1975 will
short-term and long-term energy-related problems. The long range in-
provide $354.0 million in research projects to extend scientific under-
vestment of energy-related general research to be supported in this
standing. In FY 1975 some 4,500 research projects will have shown
program complements our shorter range efforts. Such research will
such progress as to warrant continuation. About 35 percent of the
open up new options. Existing technologies cannot keep up with the
program or some 2,500 new research efforts will be initiated. Each year
as projects are completed some older and less competitive facilities are
6
7
also phased out. In this way the program is geared to the continual
earth. The IMS would be a broad scale coordinated research program
production of new knowledge. Some recently completed research proj-
of observations made from the ground, aircraft, balloons, and rockets.
ects are listed in the sections that follow along with new program
As a cooperative interdisciplinary program, IMS would constitute by
thrusts and emphases.
far the largest element in the total effort in Solar Terrestrial research
The 6,790 research grants to be awarded in FY 1975 will support
for the rest of the decade.
5,500 scientific man-years and about 8,700 graduate students. In addi-
Considerable atmospheric sciences research is energy related. Addi-
tion some $28.6 million will be provided for purchase of permanent
tional climatological research efforts are needed for better utilization
equipment and modern instrumentation.
of our natural systems as energy sources. The climatic effect of air
At present, support of projects by the Scientific Research Project
pollutants is a long-term problem about which there is much discus-
Support activity is concentrated in academic institutions and in cer-
sion and speculation. The perturbation caused by man-made pollutants
tain non-profit research institutions which function essentially as a
may well be an important item. One of the critical assessments of
part of the academic science community. Most of the research sup-
environmental concern for decision making regarding energy is that
ported is basic in character, although a few research projects of a more
of regional climatic trends. More must be known of the most effective
applied nature are also supported, especially in disciplines such as en-
ways to use improved weather prediction for energy use. Research
vironmental science and engineering, where the boundary line between
studies are required on the turbulent mixing in the atmosphere and in
basic and applied research is even less definite than that in most areas
the oceans, variations in solar radiation, and the reduction of solar
of science. Even here, however, the Scientific Research Project Sup-
input by clouds and precipitation.
port program generally supports research for application to a class of
Aeronomy
problems, not for a solution to a specific problem.
Although most industrial research is more directed to product de-
The objective of the Aeronomy program is to develop an understand-
velopment rather than to the fundamental and methodological research
ing of the upper atmosphere of the earth and the other planets. In the
supported in this Budget Activity, every effort is being made, through
upper atmospheric region the ionosphere controls radiowave propaga-
such instruments as workshops and conferences, to insure that re-
tion, spectacular displays of northern lights occur, and the night sky
search, in such areas as engineering, include studies of unknowns and
glows. To gain understanding of the many complex physical phe-
problems that industry foresees but does not find profitable to study
nomena involved, the program supports a broad spectrum of labora-
currently because of pressures for immediate and near term payoffs.
tory, theoretical, and field studies, involving processes of ionization,
Furthermore, efforts will be undertaken to expand industrial par-
recombination, chemical reaction, photoemission, and transport. In-
ticipation in energy research both because of energy's direct importance
vestigations of atmospheric composition and plasma instabilities are
to industry and because of certain special capabilities applicable to
supported. Funds are provided for research on the coupling of the
energy problems.
ionosphere to the magnetosphere above and to the denser atmosphere
below.
The National Science Foundation's activity of Scientific Research
Project Support for 1975 helps to achieve the important national ob-
Meteorology
jectives of science previously stated. The activity also helps accom-
The Meteorology program supports a broad spectrum of research on
plish specific research goals that have been identified by the National
the dynamics, physics, and chemistry of the lower atmosphere and
Science Foundation and the scientific community for the various
stratosphere. The objective of the Foundation's Meteorology program
major science disciplines. These goals are set forth in the detailed state-
is to increase fundamental knowledge on the behavior of the lower
ments that follow.
atmosphere and the stratosphere of the earth and the atmospheres of
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
$14,200,000
other planets. Studies in the related fields of fluid dynamics, chemical
reactions, remote measuring techniques, radiative transfer and nuclea-
The objective of the Foundation's Atmospheric Sciences research
tion are also supported when the results will clearly be applicable to
program is to build a base of fundamental knowledge about the atmos-
the advancement of our knowledge of the behavior of the lower
phere to encompass the entire range of atmospheric phenomena. Re-
atmosphere.
search includes studies of the atmosphere from the surface of the sun
The program supports studies of cloud physics including the mecha-
to the surface of Earth as well as the atmosphere of other planets.
nisms of rain, snow, and hail formation and of lightning production.
In FY 1975, the research emphasis in the lower atmosphere will con-
The major reason for the increase in FY 1975 is to strengthen the na-
tinue to be on the dynamics of regional scale weather and the physics
tional program in cloud physics research by university groups. Sev-
of clouds including some energy related reseach. In the upper atmos-
eral cloud physics programs that previously were funded under
phere, research will begin on work related to the International
weather modification projects will be included.
Magnetospheric Study proposed for 1976-79. The International Mag-
The Meteorology program also supports several energy-related
netospheric Study (IMS) is a developing international cooperative re-
studies. Examples are the chemical studies involving sulphur dioxide
search effort designed to gain a thorough understanding of the dynam-
reaction, the formation of aerosols, and the global increase in trace
ical processes operating in the plasma and field environment of the
8
9
gases such as carbon dioxide. Also energy-related are climate studies,
Because the new plate tectonics theory (and the International Geo-
including both global and regional climate. Understanding the basic
dynamics Program) involves the most fundamental bases of geologic
mechanism of climate change is an important factor for predicting
thinking, it is all-pervasive in the Foundation's Earth Sciences pro-
energy requirements and water availability.
gram, and is easily subsumed under the old rubrics such as structural
Solar-Terrestrial
geology, earthquakes, ore deposits, volcanism, etc. But the focus of
many projects is now on how these studies fit or do not fit the new
Solar-terrestrial research is concerned with the particle, field and
theory, where the theory is accurate, and where it misses the mark.
radiation environment of the sun and earth, their origin, interactions,
The plate tectonics theory has given us a fundamental understand-
and the dynamical processes involved. The objectives of this research
ing of the global aspects of earthquakes. This new knowledge, coupled
are:
with a rapidly increasing knowledge of the mechanism of earth-
To achieve a physical understanding of the quiet and disturbed
quakes and the properties of rocks has rekindled optimism that it may
sun, its transfer of matter, energy, and fields into interplanetary
someday be possible to predict earthquakes accurately.
space, and the resultant effects on the terrestrial environment.
Much of the current Earth Sciences program is related to the inves-
To increase the level of quantitative knowledge about the cause-
tigation of phenomena that bear on the plate tectonics theory. About
and-effect relationships among the dynamical processes which oc-
$2.5 million is SO directly focused on major components in FY 1974
cur in the earth's magnetosphere, its coupling to the ionosphere
that it can be considered a part of the proposed U.S. International
below and to interplanetary space above.
Geodynamics Program. $1.9 million of the increase for the FY 1975
To utilize the earth's magnetosphere as a unique space labora-
program will be used almost entirely in support of new projects that
tory for observing fundamental plasma processes which are diffi-
also would be suitable for a possible International Geodynamics Pro-
cult to simulate in terrestrial laboratories.
gram plus projects in the closely related field of earthquake study
EARTH SCIENCES
$13, 300, 000
and prediction.
The earth is limited in size and total resources. We must, therefore,
Research in the earth sciences contributes to the energy program
conserve and utilize its resources for the benefit and survival of man.
in providing a better understanding of vital energy-related environ-
Research in the earth sciences is predicated on the principle that the
mental problems (i.e. the siting of dams and power plants, transport
more we know about the earth the better we will be able to use it with-
of pollutants through the near surface environment) as well as con-
out destroying it or making it uninhabitable. Thus, the objective of the
tributing to a fundamental understanding of the occurrence of such
Earth Sciences program is to provide a better understanding of our
natural energy resources as fossil fuels and geothermal energy.
planet, for both scientific and very practical reasons.
The Foundation's research program in the Earth Sciences is sub-
During the past few years, the science of geology (or Earth Sci-
divided into three programs, Geology, Geochemistry, and Geophysics.
ences) has undergone a major revolution. Commonly referred to by
These three subfields are parts of an integrated whole, all of which is
terms such as "sea-floor spreading" or "plate tectonics," this revolu-
pervaded by the new plate tectonics theory.
tion has provided us for the first time with a working model for the
Geology
earth as a whole, with a working hypothesis of how the major features
The objective of the Foundation's Geology research program is to
of the earth's surface have been formed and changed, why mountains
increase understanding of the rocks of the earth's crust and the proc-
are where they are, how they relate to earthquake zones and ore de-
esses that formed them. The studies range from investigations of the
posits and, more importantly, a possible key to the basic driving forces
most ancient rocks in the centers of continents to modern environments
that regulate the dynamic processes affecting the outer crust of the
along present-day beaches, rivers, glaciers, and volcanoes. An increas-
earth. The concept has enormous scientific and economic potential to
ing emphasis in geological research is on studies providing data of
explore the origin and locations of earthquakes, volcanoes, faulting,
direct bearing on the testing of plate tectonics theory.
and the formation of mineral deposits.
The Geology research program also supports a variety of investiga-
This concept holds that the earth's outer shell is made up of a small
tions that attempt to model or duplicate in the laboratory certain
number of very large plates that move relative to each other. They
natural geological phenomena. Such research is aimed at gaining a
diverge at ocean ridges where new material rises from the depths to
better understanding of complex and important environmental prob-
fill the void. In areas like Alaska they collide and the old lithosphere
lems such as, for example, those involving stream erosion and sedimen-
is underthrust. In California they slide horizontally against each other.
tation.
Recognizing the potential of this new theory, the International
Many of the Geology program field-oriented studies bear impor-
Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) and the International
tantly on problems involving our natural resources-where ore de-
Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) joined in 1970 in proposing an
posits occur, why they occur where they do, and how they came into
international scientific effort, the International Geodynamics Program.
being. In addition, studies of modern and ancient environments are
This program has been endorsed by the International Council of
revealing a fundamental understanding of natural energy resources
Scientific Unions, and some 45 nations are participating.
by providing data not only with regard to ancient strata as energy
11
10
reservoirs but also to processes by which certain materials (plant
The Foundation's research program in Oceanography provides sup-
debris) are transformed into energy resources (coal).
port for basic research projects that promote the understanding of the
origins of ocean basin features and marine life and that promote the
Geochemistry
discovery of the natural laws that govern the movement and chemical
The objective of the Geochemistry program is to apply chemical
transformation of ocean waters and sediments. Physical Oceanog-
theory and methods to problems in earth science, in order to determine
raphy research extends from mathematical description of global ocean
the compositions, ages, histories, and origins of natural materials, and
circulation down to small scale processes that determine the character
experimental studies in order to understand such problems as the
of bays and coastal ocean areas. Chemical Oceanography research
melting of rocks deep within the earth, the formation of ore deposits,
ranges from studies of processes in seawater to the basic chemical re-
and the cycles of chemical species through the earth. Practical results
actions involved in man-made alterations of bays and harbors. Sub-
from these studies help to understand present-day volcanoes and geo-
marine Geology and Geophysics cover the history of the ocean basin,
thermal systems, to find and develop ore deposits, and to detect, trace,
including sea floor spreading and plate tectonics, as well as processes
and control hazardous pollutants in the biosphere.
that produce mineral deposits. Biological Oceanography research is
Major progress in geochemical research has resulted from the spec-
concerned with analysis of food chain dynamics and ecosystem energet-
tacular improvements in instrumental and analytical capability during
ics and studies of life cycles and ecology of individual species.
the past few years. Chemical elements whose concentration is less than
In Fiscal Year 1975, the oceanography research program will em-
a part per million can now be measured and used as chemical tracers to
phasize selected aspects of the various sub-fields. An increase in sup-
understand natural processes. Isotope ratios of elements can be de-
port is planned for studies of physical and chemical processes in coastal
termined precisely enough to give accurate measurements of the ages
areas. Support for studies of geological materials from polar regions
of rocks or of the temperatures at which they were formed. New ad-
will also be increased. These increases represent an effort to build on
vances in equipment design now allow scientists to reproduce in the
recent advances. The increases will also take advantage of recently ob-
laboratory the pressures and temperatures prevailing deep within the
tained samples of the cores obtained through the Foundation's Deep-
earth. Studies with such equipment will contribute to our knowledge
Sea Drilling Project (Ocean Sediment Coring Program) and will per-
of plate tectonics.
mit a greater scientific return from these valuable samples.
The Geochemistry program supports basic studies which contribute
Adaptations of marine organisms to the high pressures in the oceanic
to energy utilization and pollution control: new instrumental tech-
depths will be studied and new instruments will be developed to detect
niques for pollution analysis; studies of hydrothermal and ionic solu-
and capture organisms living at mid-depths in the oceans.
tions; transport of pollutants through the near-surface environment.
An increase in support is planned for energy related basic research
The Geophysics program supports research concerned with physical
and for studies of environmental effects. These studies will include
properties of the solid earth-its dimensions, structure, force fields and
processes controlling pollutant movements, physical properties and
dynamic processes. Interpretation of field magnetotelluric measure-
geochemistry of sediments, and biological effects of toxic substances.
ments, seismic wave velocities, and of gravity and heat flow delineate
the structure and physical properties of the earth at depths below
Physical and Chemical Oceanography
which we cannot drill. Seismicity studies outline the plates that make
Research activities in physical and chemical oceanography are con-
up the earth's surface and trace the descending portions to great depths
cerned with the physical properties, chemical composition and trans-
beneath the surface. Magnetic studies determined the rate of sea floor
formations, and the movements of waters in the oceans and large lakes.
spreading whereas paleomagnetic studies determine the latitude and
Specific objectives of this program are to support research on
orientation of the plates in the past. Laboratory studies of the physical
Physical processes of the ocean and air-sea interaction.
properties of earth materials at the pressures and temperatures exist-
Physical and chemical processes in large lakes.
ing deep in the earth are a necessary complement to field measure-
Chemical processes in seawater, involving naturally occurring
ments. Conduct of the above studies, which would constitute the heart
and man-made compounds.
of the proposed International Geodynamics Program, is a major ob-
Transport processes controlling thermal and other pollutants
jective of the Geophysics program.
in coastal and estuarine waters.
Earthquake research constitutes the second major objective of the
Submarine Geology and Geophysics
Geophysics program. Plate tectonic theory, together with rapidly in-
The research program in marine geology and geophysics seeks to
creasing knowledge of earthquake mechanisms and rock properties
add to man's understanding of the history of seawater and the ocean
now make earthquake prediction a possibility.
Studies of continental heat flow, geothermal noise, magnetotelluric
basins, the sediment deposits in them, and of ancient marine life. Ma-
studies in thermal areas, and volcanoes are fundamentally related to
rine geophysical research contributes to the knowledge of the oceans,
the exploration for geothermal energy. In the environmental effects
ocean basins, and deposits using various physical techniques.
area, seismicity and earth motion studies are directly related to the
siting of large dams, nuclear power plants and other such installations.
OCEANOGRAPHY
$15, 500, 000
12
13
The major objectives of this program are to provide support for re-
ysis and on mechanisms of photosyntheses and energy capture and
search on
utilization in plants and microbes.
Physical, chemical, and biological processes involved in the
Cellular Biology
formation and alteration of the sediments of the ocean floor and
continental margins.
The program emphasizes research which will augment our under-
Crust and upper mantle in ocean basins with emphasis on plate
standing of how cellular components are organized to form a coordi-
nated but flexible unit-the cell. We can think of different classes of
tectonics and interactions between the plates.
The correlations between variations in the geomagnetic field
cells as being programmed to express certain capabilities. The broad
objectives are to understand these programmed capabilities and the
strength, climatic variations, volcanic activity, and abrupt evolu-
dynamic control of their expression. They are promoted through re-
tionary changes in marine micro-organisms.
search in three primary areas: Genetics, which emphasizes mecha-
Biological Oceanography
nisms of genetic transmission and expression; Developmental biology,
Biological oceanography supports basic research on the nature and
which focuses on mechanisms underlying cell changes in organisms as
distribution of life in the ocean and marine ecosystems as well as
they pass from the embryonic to adult state; and Human Cell Biology,
studies of interactions between organisms and the marine environment.
which examines, features of animal cells in culture with special em-
The objectives of this program are to support research on
phasis on human cells.
The kinds of organisms living in the ocean and their distribu-
Ecology and Systematic Biology
tions, behavior, interaction, and nutrition.
The program encompasses research to develop a thorough knowl-
Interactions between marine organisms and their environment.
edge of organisms, mechanisms of evolution, and ecological systems.
Functioning of marine ecosystems and development of simu-
Essentially all of the research in systematics and ecology is oriented
lation models that can predict the behavior of marine ecosystems.
toward understanding the ecosystem and hence underpins our knowl-
Rates and mechanisms of transfer of metals and other toxic
edge of environmental changes associated with energy production.
substances into organisms and adaptations and tolerances of
An effective policy of energy production and utilization must take
organisms and ecosystems to toxic substances and thermal stresses.
into account the many factors that operate in the ecosystem. Assess-
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
$83,100,000
ment of the consequences of disturbing natural systems, changing the
The Biological Sciences program supports research and research-
physical environment, or introducing new or increased amounts of
related activities that have among their principal objectives:
chemicals must be based on a knowledge of the plants and animals
Advancing understanding of the structure-function relationships
originally present and of the way in which these are influenced by
of biological molecules and their organization in cells which underlie
each other and by environmental factors. Knowledge presently avail-
the activities of living organisms. Such studies are especially pertinent
able has proved to be inadequate, and will become increasingly SO as
for a full understanding of enzyme catalysis, energetics and
greater attention is given to solving the nation's energy problem. Con-
metabolism.
sequently, an increase in the level of the collective research efforts
Advancing understanding of the properties and interactions of cells
described below is required to provide the framework from which
and their changes with time. This knowledge is fundamental for pro-
energy and natural resource problems can be approached more
viding insights into such complex problems as gene expression, the
effectively.
immune response, neural behavior, and aging.
In Systematics work will be done on the identification and charac-
Advancing understanding of organisms and their interactions and
terization of biotic diversity and its classification into higher order
organization at population, community and ecosystem levels. Insights
categories reflecting the evolutionary inter-relationships of organisms.
from this research are applicable to environmental pollution, food pro-
Objectives in supporting Systematics are to:
duction and the effective use of resources in energy production and
Continue balanced support of research within the spectrum
conservation.
of organisms through descriptive, experimental, and populational
Within the broad scope of the programs presented in the following
approaches.
section, the environmental areas will receive a major increase in
Foster projects carefully designed to sample endangered biotas
funding for population biology, tropical ecology and evolution, the
including baseline descriptive accounts focused on improving en-
biological bases for the control of pests, and research needed to assess
vironmental impact studies.
productivity and environmental impacts of energy production schemes.
Expand the base of support for systematic collections and de-
The support of research collections and genetic stock centers will be
velop a plan for their management and utilization at a national
augmented. In the cell area, funding for biosynthesis, for assembly
level including increased use of electronic data processing in pro-
and function of organelles and for work on plant, animal and human
viding greater accessibility to the vast amounts of data available.
cells will be increased. Major increases will be provided for research
In General Ecology, an understanding of the interactions of com-
on molecular studies of enzymes to extend our understanding of catal-
ponent species populations within various terrestrial and inland water
31-373 O 74 2
14
15
ecosystems is emphasized. This includes population ecology, com-
pathways and physiological mechanisms by which these processes are
munity interactions, and regulation of populations within undisturbed
integrated and regulated within cells and organisms remain an elusive
and/or man-modified environments. The objectives of general ecology
problem. Most metabolic processes involve chemical changes in which
are to promote research on the
energy is provided for reactions and/or synthesis of new materials
Dynamic attributes of the component species populations; regu-
utilized in the repair of existing cells or the creation of new cells. En-
latory, behavioral, ecophysiological, and ecogenetic.
ergy is required also for such processes as growth, reproduction, move-
Interactions between species populations with regard both to
ment, etc. The broad objectives of the program focus on research which
their biochemical basis and their adaptive significance.
Ecosystem dynamics, including the regulation of pest popula-
has the greatest potential for contributing to our knowledge of the
tions in agro-ecosystems, and responses of natural ecosystems to
physiological control and energetic processes associated with these
manipulation, biogeochemistry, and paleoecology.
phenomena. Such knowledge is required to obtain the maximum net
In ecosystem studies, data gathering and analysis center about those
energy yield from managed biological systems.
things which together form systems-processes and variables in state.
The adaptiveness and remarkable efficiency of biological systems can
Studies of state variables are oriented toward the quantification of the
be mimicked for innovative energy production and utilization schemes
amounts of commodities (e.g. nutrient elements, carbon, and water)
only if adequately understood. Two key examples may be given use
present in the system, and how they are partitioned among compart-
of biological nitrogenfixation can lead to reduced requirements for ni-
ments (e.g., plant and animal biomass, dead material, and soil water).
trogen fertilizers and therefore a consequent reduction in energy ex-
Process studies deal primarily with the manner and magnitude of the
penditures required for the removal of nitrogen compounds which
flow of the commodities among the compartments and the physical and
accumulate in soil and water. Improved understanding of the basis
biological constraints which mediate the flow.
for differing efficiencies of utilization of solar energy by plants should
Ecosystems are commonly classified according to their geographic
contribute to reduction in the energy required for agricultural produc-
tion.
location, the most prominent vegetation, and the amount of water
present. The objectives of ecosystems research are to analyze the struc-
Psychobiology and Neurobiology
ture and function of individual ecosystems and compare diverse eco-
How does a homing pigeon find its way home? How does a rat
systems. From the study of system similarities principles will emerge
learn to avoid poisoned bait ? How different are the cognitive abilities
which form the core of ecosystem theory. Analysis of differences can
of apes from those of man? How can we solve problems requiring the
elucidate the nature and implications of specific adaptation and modi-
visualization of objects not physically present? How can we enhance
fication of component parts or entire ecosystems to meet the constraints
children's learning abilities or the techniques used to teach them?
of a particular locale.
Increasing our knowledge of such behavioral phenomena is the objec-
Molecular Biology
tive of the Psychobiology program, which supports field and laboratory
Molecular Biology is concerned with the chemical and physical prop-
research of human and animal behavior. Such research is leading to
erties and complex interactions of molecules involved in biological
exciting new conceptions of the psychological processes and physi-
function. At one end of the spectrum it deals with the isolated and
ological mechanisms underlying behavior, of the genetic and environ-
purified molecule, at the other with the aggregation of one or more
mental determinants of behavior in the individual and in the species,
classes of molecules into complex structures in an attempt to under-
and of the role of behavior in adapting individuals to physical, bio-
stand the mechanisms whereby cell structures achieve high degrees of
logical, and social aspects of their environment.
internal order and coordinated function. Knowledge from this class
Man has long been fascinated with the most complex, and probably
of research relates directly to energy transduction and catalytic mech-
least understood of his bodily structures, the brain. Since virtually
anisms used by living organisms and ultimately should find applica-
all activities of the body are regulated or influenced by the nervous
tion in the development of innovative energy-conserving processes.
system, a fundamental understanding of neural processes is of im-
The objectives of the program are to:
mense importance. Neurobiology supports research which spans levels
Acquire and interpret data to improve our understanding of the
of inquiry from the subcellular to the behavioral in order to acquire
chemical interactions of macromolecules.
such understanding. The diversity in the level of inquiry is reflected
Improve knowledge of biological catalysis, biochemical reac-
in the broad array of methods and techniques, e.g., nuclear magnetic
tions, and the energetics of the associated chemical change.
resonance procedures, radiotracer and autoradiographic techniques,
Advance instrumentation and analyses applicable to the study
as well as organ and tissue culture techniques, electron microscopy,
of macromolecular systems.
and spectroscopic techniques. New methods of surgical and lesioning
procedures, electrophysiological recording techniques, and microchem-
Physiological Processes
ical procedures have been developed. Despite this broad base, neuro-
Metabolism constitutes the sum total of all processes of living orga-
biological research is coherent in its relatively narrow focus upon
nisms involved in the building up and destruction of protoplasm. Each
neural functions.
of the two phases of metabolism is individually important, but the
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17
PHYSICS
$43,600,000
from universities now work away from their own campuses at these
The objective of the Physics research program is to continue to
national or regional facilities. Requirements for support of users
increase knowledge and understanding of the basic properties of
groups at such facilities and for the direct support of facilities are
fundamental forces and elementary constituents of matter. Emphasis
expected to increase considerably as they approach their optimum
is placed on studies of the interactions of the very simplest constituents
operation level.
of matter, as a basis for understanding larger and more complicated
systems. These studies range from the elementary few-body inter-
Nuclear Physics
actions of particles and fields to the collective phenomena exhibited
The Nuclear Physics program supports the experimental study of
by large aggregates of matter. The answers which these investigations
atomic nuclei and their interactions. The objective of this study is to
yield then provide the understanding of phenomena basic to advances
establish their relationships with the basic forces of nature. Nuclear
in other sciences, in engineering, and in technology, including energy-
phenomena are rich in their diversity. Some are common to all stable
related research.
nuclei; others appear only in small subsets of nuclei. Some are evi-
A major increase in this program stems from increased support
dent at low excitation energies; others only at higher energies. In
for user groups at the National Accelerator Laboratory (NAL), the
order to understand the rules overning such phenomena a panoply
Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF), the Indiana
of study methods must be used. The intrinsic complexity of nuclei,
Cyclotron, the Columbia-Nevis Synchrocyclotron and the Bates Elec-
i.e., their many-particle interactions via complex forces, often re-
tron Linear Accelerator. Atomic physics research has spawned a few
quires that a given aspect of nuclear structure be viewed in di- rse
large groups and institutes, each devoted to the various aspects of
and complementary ways, if a definite understanding of the particular
one field, which will be supported. The Cornell Synchrotron will be
process is to be obtained. This is an essential attribute of nuclear
upgraded to 15 GeV and there will be improvements in the associated
physics investigations, and it explains the wide variety of nuclear
on-line computing facility. Energy-related research will be substan-
reactions brought to bear on specific nuclear excitations. Nuclear
phenomena are also rich in their potential applications. The Nuclear
tially increased.
Physics program seeks to stimulate and encourage such applications.
Elementary Particle Physics
Atomic, Molecular, and Plasma Physics
The objective of the Foundation's program in Elementary Particle
Physics is to provide support for research directed toward under-
This program's objective is to support research aimed at under-
standing the most fundamental laws of nature which govern the be-
standing the laws governing matter at the atomic level and at increas-
havior of particles and fields, the elementary constituents of all matter
ingly complex levels of aggregation. At the atomic level, the proper-
ties of atoms and simple molecules are explored in the regime in which
and manifestations of energy.
the internal structure of the constituent nuclei does not play a signifi-
The experimental study of three of the four basic forces which
cant role. More complex aggregates of molecules, with long-range
underlie these fundamental laws-the strong, electromagnetic and
coherence and order, are studied as well, involving phenomena in the
weak-involves the search for new fundamental particles, determina-
gaseous, plasma, and liquid states.
tion and classification of their characteristic properties, and uncover-
A broad and varied program of experimental research, together
ing of the symmetry principles which govern their interactions. Ex-
with accompanying theoretical research and calculations, studies the
perimentation in the field is highly dependent upon the availability
fundamental aspects of "extra-nuclear" physics over a broad range of
of very high energy particle probes for the study of particle structure
conditions and temperatures. Such studies have, at each level of com-
and interactions.
plexity of matter, yielded dramatic new understanding of and control
Intermediate Energy Physics
over nature, and have spawned within the last decade entire new
In prior years, this program was a part of the Nuclear Physics
sciences (such as parts of chemical physics and laboratory astro-
program. Significant crystallization of interest in this field, and the
physics) and technologies (the laser).
development of new major facilities such as the Clinton P. Anderson
Theoretical Physics
Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF), the Bates Electron Linear Accel-
The objective of this program is to promote a quantitative under-
erator, the Indiana Cyclotron, and the Columbia-Nevis Synchrocyclo-
standing of the basic building blocks of all matter and of the way in
tron have created special opportunities for research which merits
which these building blocks determine the properties of all physical
separate program status beginning in FY 1975.
systems, from nuclei to stars.
The availability of these new facilities with intense beams of
In his work, the theoretical physicist tries to make sense out of
electrons, protons, mesons, etc., at intermediate energies, has opened
the observations made by experimentalists in the laboratory. The
up new domains of research in fundamental laws of particle inter-
theorist attempts to find a hypothesis about how nature behaves which
actions, nuclear structure and dynamics, and atomic structure. The
will explain what is observed. He then uses the hypothesis to predict
facilities have in some cases outgrown capabilities of a single uni-
the results of new experiments, which will test whether the hypoth-
versity and must be centered at national laboratories. Users groups
eses or theory represents a correct understanding of nature after
18
19
all. Thus, the theorist not only endeavors to interpret the clues which
directly, the principal source of energy for industrial processes. Many
nature has already provided in the past, but also plays an important
of the energy production and utilization processes currently employed,
role in suggesting new directions for research aimed at uncovering
as well as those envisioned for the future, are strictly chemical in
new clues.
nature. Hence, the Foundation will place special emphasis on expand-
Gravitational Physics
ing existing basic research projects, and initiating new ones, that bear
Gravity, the fourth basic force underlying the fundamental laws
directly on the chemical aspects of energy production, utilization and
of nature, is the weakest of all forces in the universe, yet, paradoxi-
conservation. This will include studies designed to uncover the molec-
cally, it is the only one of literally cosmic importance. Since gravity
ular basis of energy producing reactions, to determine the role of
acts across unlimited distances, it controls the birth and death of
reactive intermediates, to obtain necessary thermodynamic data, to
stars, like our own sun, of the more exotic pulsars, and even of the
discover suitable catalysts, and to understand separation processes.
vast collection of galaxies which make up the universe. The under-
New studies also will be made of electrochemical reactions, both to dis-
standing of gravity is therefore not only fundamental to a basic
cover wholly new energy sources and to create the basic knowledge
description of nature, but vital to uncovering both the past and
required to improve existing battery and fuel cell systems.
future evolution of the cosmos.
Chemical Thermodynamics
Gravitational physics is now in its most exciting phase since the
This program is concerned with thermodynamic and other equilib-
time of Newton. Experimental measurements, both on the earth
rium properties of bulk matter. In that sense it does not deal directly
and in satellites, have finally begun to supply precise data document-
with the preparation, structure, or chemical behavior of molecules,
ing the failure of Newton's classic theory. This in turn is enormously
except when equilibrium properties are of primary concern.
stimulating to theorists who work at interpreting these experimental
The objectives of the program include:
advances and extending the consequences to suggest new observations.
Improved understanding of the energetics of chemical change;
This program has as its objectives the support of basic gravitational
Acquisition of data and development of new theoretical ap-
experiments and theory. The experiments involved measure non-
proaches which may lead to improved understanding of liquids
Newtonian gravitational phenomena, while the theoretical investiga-
and solutions;
tions supported study the consequences of general relativity or other
Advancing knowledge of solid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces,
modern theories of gravity, the properties of matter in enormous
including the chemical reactions that are unique to interfaces;
gravitational fields, and the cosmological effects of gravitational forces.
and
CHEMISTRY
$36, 100, 000
Acquiring and interpreting data on the behavior of molten salts
The objective of the Foundation's Chemistry research program is to
and other high temperature systems.
promote the understanding of the structures, properties, and chemical
Quantum Chemistry
transformations of matter. By developing these concepts on a molec-
This program includes the determination of electronic properties of
ular basis, chemistry provides a resource for other experimental sci-
molecules, radicals, and ions; quantum theory; atomic and molecular
ences analogous to that provided by mathematics for quantitative
collisions; and energy transfer.
scientific thought.
The objectives of the program include the development of theory
In addition, it is by application of the knowledge gained from such
that will aid in the interpretation of experiments, suggest the direc-
basic research that, for example, the chemical industry is able to
tion of new experiments; and provide reliable information on
tailor molecules to control disease, alleviate pain, control fertility, and
phenomena not easily accessible to direct experimentation. The pur-
to increase the efficiency of energy conversion.
pose of the experimental research is to create new knowledge and
The major increase in the Chemistry program is $9.2 million for
understanding, at the most fundamental level, about the electronic
new research that is specifically energy-related.
properties of molecules, radicals, and ions.
The remaining increase will be used by individual investigators to
replace obsolete equipment and to provide frontier-type instrumenta-
Chemical Dynamics
tion for general use in outstanding chemistry departments. The in-
Chemical dynamics is the study of matter while it is in the process
crease also will permit an added emphasis on studies of liquids and
of chemical change. Emphasis is on learning the rates at which reac-
solutions, and surface interactions. In addition, there will be an
tions occur, the energies involved, and on understanding the factors
explicit increase in the general support of research concerned with
which affect these rates and energies. More specifically, the objectives
improved understanding and better utilization of chemical catalysis.
of the program include:
This support will consist of new research projects, as well as assist-
Measuring rates of reactions which have critical importance
ance in the acquisition of recently developed instrumentation for the
either in developing general laws of chemistry or in providing
characterization of catalytic surfaces.
fundamental data for other disciplines, such as biology or atmos-
Much of our present technology is fundamentally dependent on a
pheric sciences;
knowledge of chemistry, since chemical reactions are, directly or in-
Developing correlations between molecular structure and re-
activity;
20
21
Understanding the influence of chemical environment, particu-
or they may serve as model compounds to aid in the understanding of
larly solvents, energy sources and catalytic species, on the rate
the role of metals in living systems.
and products of chemical reactions;
Synthetic Organic and Natural Products Chemistry
Developing theories of chemical reactivity which allow general-
ization and prediction of chemical phenomena; and
Research supported by this program area involves the synthesis and
Discovering and developing new techniques, methods and in-
general chemistry of carbon-containing compounds that originate from
struments to allow the above objectives to be achieved more effi-
both man-made and natural sources. The chemistry involves primarily
ciently and rigorously.
carbon and hydrogen compounds that may also contain oxygen, nitro-
gen, halogens, sulfur and phosphorus.
Chemical Analysis
The objectives of the program include:
Research in chemical analysis involves the development and discov-
Developing general synthetic methods for complex naturally
ery of chemical, physical, and instrumental procedures for determining
occurring molecules;
the chemical composition of matter.
Understanding the relation between composition and chemical
The objectives of the program include:
properties in order to tailor-make desirable properties; and
Developing a more fundamental understanding of separation
Isolating and characterizing naturally occurring molecules and
processes SO that existing methods can be refined and improved,
understanding and developing in vitro processes paralleling or
and new methods can be discovered:
duplicating those in vivo paths occurring in nature.
Developing better methods for determining the chemical com-
Chemical Instrumentation
position of surfaces, including three dimensional analyses;
Discovering more sensitive and versatile methods for analysis of
This program activity assists universities and colleges in acquiring
trace amounts of metals; and
major items of chemical instrumentation that are judged to be essen-
Using computer techniques to deal with problems of sampling,
tial for conducting experimental research in chemistry. Whenever
data acquisition, and data interpretation for complex systems.
possible, the instruments are used by groups of investigators to ensure
maximum use and avoid duplication. Typical types of equipment are:
Structural Chemistry
nuclear resonance spectrometers; ultraviolet, visible and infrared spec-
Research in structural chemistry aims primarily at determining the
trometers; diffractometers; electron spin resonance spectrometers;
geometrical relationship between the atoms that compose molecules.
lasers; and electron and ion kinetic energy spectrometers.
Such research is divided into three subfields: diffraction studies,
The primary objectives of the program are to ensure that major
stereo-chemistry and general molecular structure studies using non-
items of equipment that are essential for pioneering research in all
diffraction methods.
branches of chemistry are available to qualified research groups, pri-
The objectives of research in structural chemistry include:
marily in American universities and colleges, and to ensure that this
Obtaining the basic data necessary to test theoretical molecular
equipment receives maximum utilization.
structural calculations and thereby to assist the theoretical chem-
ASTRONOMY
$11,200,000
ist refine his methods;
Continuing to expand and correlate the experimental informa-
The objectives of the Foundation's research support program in
tion required to understand and predict the chemical and physical
astronomy are to increase our understanding of the physical nature of
properties of molecules: and
the universe, the structure and behavior of stars, the objects and phe-
Refining existing and developing new experimental techniques
nomena observed in deep space, and the make-up of the interstellar
in order to meet the increasing need to elucidate the structure and
medium. To achieve these objectives, the Foundation provides support
for:
properties of molecules that exist for only very short periods of
time. Such molecules can be of great importance in furthering
Solar system observations at optical and radio wavelengths and
our understanding of chemical reactivity, despite their transient
associated theoretical studies of the physical make-up and orbits
existence.
of bodies in the solar vicinity.
Studies of individual stars, aimed at understanding their in-
Synthetic Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
terior structures and surface properties and their interactions with
Research efforts supported under this program include the prepara-
each other and with interstellar clouds.
tion of novel inorganic compounds for use as catalysts. This involves
Fundamental measurements of positions, motions, distances and
the discovery of the structural, energetic, and mechanistic considera-
basic charactistics of stars and stellar groups.
tions necessary for basing these syntheses on systematic approaches
Theoretical and observational investigations of the large scale
rather than hit and miss ones.
structure of our Galaxy and of distant objects out to the edge of
The major objective of the program is to support research leading
the universe.
to the preparation and characterization of new organometallic com-
Developments of instrumentation for advanced observational
pounds. These compounds may be useful in chemotherapy or catalysis,
research in all portions of the spectrum, including gamma-ray,
optical, infrared, and radio.
22
23
Areas of increased emphases in FY 1975 include:
Galactic and Extragalactic Astronomy
Analysis of data from the December 1973 comet, Kohoutek.
The principal objective of this program is to obtain increased knowl-
Studies of binary stars, now found to occur in many astronomi-
edge of the interstellar medium, the Milky Way Galaxy, and distant
cal situations.
Further delineations of the mechanisms which lead to stellar
galaxies and quasars.
The support of research in the radio region of the spectrum is the
explosions ("supernovae").
Detailed studies of interstellar regions where the interstellar
major cost in the program, including support for individual scientists
who may observe at National Observatories as well as for major
molecules originate (X-ray and gamma-ray).
instruments and scientists at particular universities or observatories.
Millimeter, infrared, X-ray, and gamma-ray studies of our gal-
The most exciting radio work covers the discovery of radiation from
axy.
Increased development and use of more efficient instrumentation
interstellar and extragalactic molecules (which includes molecules not
found occurring naturally on earth), determination of accurate posi-
for existing telescopes.
tions of sources by very long baseline techniques, identification of
Solar System Astronomy
optical sources, and surveys which show the structure of our Galaxy.
The objective of the Foundation's research support program in
The long-term variability and polarization of radio sources require
Solar System Astronomy is to increase our understanding of the physi-
continuous observations over long time intervals.
cal nature of the sun, the planets and their satellites, the minor planets,
The optical program element supports research programs which
the comets and meteors, and the solar wind constituting the inter-
include cosmological studies of faint galaxies whose large red shifts
planetary medium.
indicate that they are near the edge of the observable universe, galactic
The major program areas are:
distributions of different types of stars (especially observed from the
Solar and planetary radio astronomy in the meter and longer
southern hemisphere), physical characteristics of galaxies, supernovae,
wavelength range.
and metal abundance in the Galaxy.
Photometric, polarimetric, and spectroscopic observations of
The gamma-ray, X-ray, and cosmic ray research is conducted almost
planetary atmospheres in the optical and infrared wavelength
entirely with equipment carried on balloons. The new detectors and
range.
methods have enabled investigators to find new sources and to plan
Laboratory investigations of atoms and molecules found in the
expeditions to look for others. The balloon work is carried on in both
atmospheres of the major planets under conditions of tempera-
hemispheres.
ture simulating those of the planetary surfaces and interiors.
The work on infrared sources continues; a variable X-ray source
Observational and theoretical study of comets.
was identified recently by infrared techniques. Balloon, rocket and
Stars and Stellar Evolution
airplane based observations need to be continued and expanded.
The goal of this program is to gain a better understanding of the
Astronomical Instrumentation and Development
physical structure and evolution of stars. Research sponsored by the
This program seeks to develop new types of observational and data
program ranges from the determination of atomic and molecular prop-
recording instrumentation and to provide coordination, both within
erties in the laboratory, through observation of stellar brightnesses and
and outside of the Foundation, of all instrument development appro-
spectra and their variations, to theoretical and computer modeling of
priate to astronomical studies. More specifically, the objectives of this
stellar atmospheres and interiors. All electromagnetic radiation
program are as follows:
(gamma-rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and radio waves)
To develop instrumentation required for conduct of advanced re-
is studied. Current research centers around the birth of stars as infra-
search by observational astronomers, who work today with the entire
red sources and the last stages of their life as planetary nebulae, novae
spectrum of electromagnetic radiation and with particles as well.
and white dwarfs or as supernovae which produce neutron stars
To support acquisition of instrumentation already successfully
(observed as pulsars) or black holes (observable only by their gravi-
developed, SO that as many astronomers as necessary may have access
tational fields).
to state-of-the-art equipment.
Stellar Systems and Motions
To foster feasibility and design studies of large or innovative in-
struments. One example is to continue studies for a millimeter wave-
The objective of this program is to improve the understanding of
binary and multiple star systems and star clusters, emphasizing the
length telescope to extend radio studies as efficiently as possible into
this range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
field of astrometry. Astrometry is the measurement of precise posi-
tions and motions of stars to determine stellar distances and their
MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
$16,600,000
movement in our Galaxy.
The objectives of the Mathematical Sciences research program are:
Another major element of this program is dynamical astronomy,
To increase man's knowledge of the mathematical sciences by
which deals theoretically and observationally with the origin and
the creation of new mathematical structures through the extension
evolution of stellar groups, on a scale small compared with a galaxy,
of extant mathematical theories and by further study and analysis
and of planetary groupings around stars.
of the relations which exist between them.
24
25
To use mathematical knowledge for the better understanding
between research in geometry and research in analysis is sometimes
of natural and societal phenomena by applying it to the solution
hard to draw. Progress in geometry has also required results from
of problems in the physical, social, biological, and engineering
topology and algebra and, in its turn, has generated whole new sub-
sciences.
fields in these same areas. Geometry has also strongly influenced a
These two objectives span both core mathematics and applied mathe-
wide range of applied areas, including the theory of relativity, statis-
matics. Core mathematics gains insight and inspiration from the appli-
tical mechanics and control theory.
cations, while the applications use the tools forged by core mathematics
The past year has witnessed an explosion of research in global
to bring better understanding to real world phenomena. In FY 1975,
analysis which involves studies of relations between the geometric
the Foundation will continue to provide balanced support over the
properties of manifolds (surfaces) and the analysis of partial differen-
major areas of core and applied mathematics.
tial equations on these manifolds.
A high level of research activity is present in many areas of mathe-
Much of the research in these programs provides a mathematical
matics. In core mathematics, differential geometry is an area of intense
structure for a wide variety of energy related research problems in
activity, and an increase in funding will be provided for this area.
other sciences, which are often formulated as systems of differential or
Functional analysis and operator theory will also receive increases in
integral equations.
funding, as will the qualitative theories of differential equations. Other
dominant areas of current research are in algebra, especially group
Topology and Foundations
theory and number theory and these will also receive large increases in
The objectives of this program are as follows:
funding.
To describe and understand the structure of geometric mani-
Interest in the application of mathematics to problems in the bio-
folds (geometric figures which can be described in the neighbor-
logical and social sciences in growing and will be encouraged by addi-
hood of each point by a system of coordinates similar to those for
tional support. An important aspect of the Mathematical sciences re-
Euclidean spaces).
search program in FY 1975 is increased emphasis on areas of mathe-
To discover new algebraic techniques for determining geometric
matics that are germane to energy related research in many areas. For
structure and to simplify those which now exist.
example, control theory, statistical mechanics optimization, modeling,
To understand the foundations of set theory, cardinal and
and the design of experiments are of relevance to the solution of energy
ordinal number theory, and related areas of mathematics.
problems and require an underpinning of advanced mathematical
To answer questions of decideability concerning various alge-
braic structures.
knowledge and techniques.
Topology is an offspring of geometry and has largely developed
Classical Analysis and Geometry
since the turn of the century. It is concerned with properties of geo-
Although every part of mathematics has made its contribution to the
metric objects which are unaltered by continuous distortions. Such
physical sciences, this program, more than any other (except Applied
properties are very basic indeed, and this accounts for the importance
Mathematics and Statistics), supports research in core matematics
of topology. Despite its abstract character, topology has contributed
whose genesis generally lies in those sciences and which is potentially
substantially to the other areas of mathematics and other sciences, in-
more germane to the explication of their problems. Its objectives
cluding the development of very basic results in dynamical astronomy
include:
and important theorems on the qualitative nature of electric fields and
The study of the properties and behavior of solutions of ordi-
flows of fluids.
nary and partial differential equations.
The Foundations of Mathematics is a highly abstract subject which
Discovery of new properties of geometric objects and abstract
has to do with logical processes and to the reduction of logical thought
manifolds.
to the manipulation of symbols. Because of the esoteric nature of this
The investigation of relationships between analysis and geom-
subject one might think that it is far removed from having relevance
etry; in particular, the relations between solutions of partial
to everyday life. But this is certainly not the case, as is evident from
differential equations and geometric (topological) invariants.
the fact that the reduction of mathematical reasoning to mechanical
The study of complex functions in one and several variables.
manipulation of symbols according to definite rules prepared the way
The Classical Analysis program encompases not only the truly classi-
for the creation of the electronic digital computer. Moreover, two math-
cal areas of the theory of complex variables and differential equations,
ematicians (Turing and von Neumann), steeped in mathematic logic,
but also the more recently developed fields of Riemannian manifolds,
are counted as the most important figures in the development of mod-
global analysis, harmonic analysis, dynamical systems and approxima-
ern computers. The interplay between logicians and computer scien-
tion theory, With the recent emergence of more powerful techniques,
tists continues. Logicians are interested in whether certain problems
some long unsolved problems of "hard" analysis are now being settled.
can be solved by computer algorithms. Computer scientists are inter-
The Geometry program also has a broad scope. Euclidean geometry
ested in the same question, as it relates to the realities imposed by spe-
has essentially vanished from the research scene, and the distinction
cific machines.
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27
Applied Mathematics and Statistics
physics, chemistry, astronomy, and other sciences. Among the sub-
The objectives of this program are:
fields of mathematics counted to be in this area are functional analysis,
To express in the terminology of mathematics phenomena which
harmonic analysis, linear topological spaces, operator theory, topologi-
occur in man's physical and social environments, to deduce the
cal dynamics, ergodic theory, measure theory, and probability.
mathematical consequences of this process, and then to reinter-
Research in Modern Analysis concerns itself with investigations
pret the results of the real world. Effectively, this comes down to
that depend heavily upon mathematical techniques which have been
the application of mathematical techniques to real world phe-
developed since the turn of the century. These techniques have evolved
nomena as organized into the physical, biological, social, and en-
from somewhat more sophisticated notions of the basic tools of mathe-
gineering sciences.
matics such as set theory, function theory, integration, and the rather
To develop, when necessary, new mathematical structures for
technical mathematical concept of "space". Still more recently, there
the purpose of implementing the above procedure.
has developed a tendency to use notions from other mathematical dis-
To develop statistical techniques which are increasingly better
ciplines in analysis. Extremely powerful techniques have emerged
suited to the analysis of observational and experimental data
which are finding application in many phases of applied mathematics
gleaned from physical and social phenomena.
(especially questions on the behavior of solutions of differential equa-
Research in Applied Mathematics is concerned with developing new
tions) and, particularly, quantum field theory.
mathematical knowledge which will contribute to finding solutions to
These elements will contribute to energy research. They include
many problems which have their origin in man's physical and social
quantum field theory and other subareas of functional analysis rele-
milieus. It will also be concerned with applying known mathematical
vant to physics and chemistry research related to energy problems.
theories in novel ways to the solution of such problems. The philosophi-
Algebra
cal (i.e., the non-experimental) aspects of physics, astronomy, engi-
The objectives of the Algebra program are to:
neering, and chemistry are expressed completely in mathematical
Obtain a deeper understanding of algebraic sets and arithmetic
terms, and it is to problems in these disciplines that mathematics has
on abelian varieties.
been, and is, largely applied. In recent years, with the advent of the
Solve the problem of resolution of singularities of varieties de-
computer, mathematical theories are emerging which are proving more
fined over fields of non-zero characteristics.
and more successful in dealing with the biological and social sciences.
Determine the structure of all finite groups.
Thus, projects will be supported in mathematical economics and mathe-
Continue the progress on certain long-standing questions and
matical biology, as well as in fluid mechanics, solid mechanics, dynami-
conjectures in the theory numbers.
cal systems, mathematical physics, control theory, differential game
Construct and exploit new algebraic techniques for applications
theory, optimization, mathematical programming, and operations
to questions in mathematics and other sciences.
research.
Research in Algebra has been in ferment for a generation now, and
A considerable proportion of these projects are related to energy
some of the most important and exciting results in mathematics have
research. Optimization, modelling, systems and control theory, sta-
been accomplished in this field within the last decade. Algebra is one
tistical mechanics and magneto-fluid dynamics are directly relevant to
of the oldest branches of mathematics, with significant consequences
problems in utilization of current energy resources and the develop-
flowing from it in every era. Attempts to solve algebraic equations in
ment of new sources of energy.
the early nineteenth century led to new concepts such as groups, rings,
Statistics is a well-established branch of the applications of mathe-
and fields, and it may now be said that the study of algebra is basically
matics. Research in this area is concerned basically with the theoreti-
concerned with entities such as these, called algebraic structures. Group
cal development and application of methods for extracting as much
theory has long been central to research in algebra, and much of this
information as possible about a large number of events from knowl-
research has been in the theory of finite groups. Foundation supported
edge of a limited number of such events. Statistics is an indispensable
researchers have solved several long-standing problems involving finite
tool for the scientist and others in the analysis of data. Moreover, it
groups and have paved the way for new and vigorous research in this
is useful in the design of experiment. Its applications are manifold:
area. Significant progress is also being made in algebraic geometry and
in agriculture, medicine, insurance, industrial production, market re-
number theory.
search, sociological and demographic studies, and experimental work
SOCIAL SCIENCES
$28,300,000
in engineering and the physical sciences.
The design of experiments, interpretation of data, reliability and
The principal objective of the Foundation's Social Sciences research
control theory, and applications are of relevance to energy related re-
programs is to foster the development of objectively verifiable knowl-
search in many scientific disciplines.
edge about how human beings interact and about the functioning of
societal organizations and institutions.
lodern Analysis and Probability
These programs are almost unique in the United States in being
The objective of this program element is to:
responsible for the growth of fundamental knowledge in the social
Attain a deeper understanding of the mathematical structures and
sciences that will be applicable to the problems of tomorrow as well
objects which arise naturally out of the abstraction of concepts in
as of today.
28
29
For this reason, major efforts in all programs are directed toward
behavior of organizations and social institutions, including the fam-
the creation of new and more powerful methods of investigation and
composition. ily, social stratification and mobility, and population sizes and
of general analytical tools. The attainment of more adequate data bases
is another objective, SO that findings will be more definitive and general-
Interpersonal relations are the subject of social psychological re-
izable-and SO that research costs will be more economical.
search, including group decision-making, communication, and opinion
Social Sciences programs also support problem-oriented efforts, in-
and attitude change.
cluding the development of social indicators, providing a base for con-
Social Indicators research involves sociologists, social psychologists,
tinuity in research on important social and economic problems.
economists and other specialists in an effort to measure social change
The six major program elements are discussed in detail below. In
as objectively as possible. A particular interest is to add "quality of
past years, scientific linguistics research had been supported under
life" dimensions to existing economic indicators, in order to permit
Anthropology, Social Psychology, Sociology, and Special Projects.
weighing of "social" costs as well as costs which show up in the market
Beginning in Fiscal Year 1974, all this support has been consolidated
transactions and can be directly measured in monetary terms.
under the Special Projects Program, along with Geography and His-
Political Science, Law and Social Sciences
tory and Philosophy of Science. Fiscal Year 1973 estimates have been
adjusted for comparability.
Scientific understanding of the processes of government, including
The highlights of increases for FY 1975 research projects are as
international relations, political disorder and stability, electoral sys-
follows:
tems and administrative procedures, is the objective of the Political
Support of development of measures of social change (includ-
Science Program. In recent years this program has stimulated increas-
ing effects of energy shortage and redistribution)
ing use of quantitative methods such as studies of factors related to
Support of studies of language acquisition and the nature of
the outbreak of violence and war. Although development of general
theories of political processes is an exceedingly difficult task, because
language.
Substantial expansion of fundamental research to adapt and
of the complexity of the subject matter, progress is being made.
improve economic theory and measurement techniques for pur-
The focus of the Law and Social Sciences effort of the Foundation
poses of analyzing economic and energy-related problems.
is on interdisciplinary studies involving both lawyers and social psy-
Support of work in international economies, particularly the
chologists, economists, or other types of social scientists. The intention
linkages among national economies into a world system;
is to accelerate the use of social scientific findings in the legal world,
Support of U.S. participation in international collaborative
and to use methods of research developed in the social sciences to
scientific efforts, particularly in management sciences.
study legal processes. An example is the analysis of trial processes by
Some examples of the variety and significance of NSF supported
techniques social psychologists have used to study small groups.
research are described briefly in the following section.
Special Projects, Geography, History and Philosophy of Science
Anthropology
The objective of the Special Projects program is to make possible
The objective of the Anthropology program area is to obtain per-
social scientific activities that cut across several disciplines, or involve
spective on human behavior over more than a million years in time and
participants from many different institutions. It also supports the
across the many varied cultures mankind has evolved, in order to have
operation of a limited number of specialized laboratories, for exam-
a better grounded science of ourselves and of our fellow inhabitants of
ple, computerized management decision-making research configura-
tions. In cooperation with the Office of Computing Activities this
the world today.
program encourages the development of next-generation software for
Economics
use in management science and economic analysis. Responsibility for
The objective of the Economics program is to improve understand-
support of scientific research on linquistics was consolidated into the
ing of economic processes and the measurement of economic relation-
Special Projects program in Fiscal Year 1974.
ships, especially where the results will be applicable to problems of
The geography program is concerned with economic and social
general interest and importance. Economics has been outstandingly
geography, including urban studies and regional science.
successful in developing scientific analysis of social behavior. The Eco-
The History and Philosophy of Science element is directed toward
nomics program will continue to assist investigators to develop and
an understanding of the fundamental nature and the processes of de-
test new methods of measurement and new theoretical structures.
velopment of science and technology.
It is almost unique among U.S. research sponsors in having this
Science Policy Research
reponsibility.
The objectives of Science Policy Research are (1) to improve the
Sociology, Social Psychology, Social Indicators
processes of conducting and administering scientific research of all
The objective of these program elements is to increase our under-
kinds, and (2) to understand the impact of science and technology on
standing of the behavior of human beings as they interact with each
public policy. The program is directed toward fundamental investiga-
other, and of the functioning of organizations and societal institutions.
tions of long-term significance and is not intended to participate di-
Sociology is concerned with scientific explanation of the nature and
rectly in current policy making. Emphasis is on interdisciplinary
31-373 74 3
30
31
studies of the operation of the scientific community, including the
allocation of resources, the dynamics of scientific disciplines, and the
studies which will provide the understanding and data which will en-
able industry to develop innovative processes that either reduce energy
ways in which scientific and technological discoveries come to influence
consumption or by-pass high energy consuming steps. Thus increased
foreign and domestic policy.
emphasis will be placed on such problems as the utilization of waste
ENGINEERING
$36,900,000
heat, catalysis, combustion, building design, plasma processes, conver-
Engineers and engineering play an unusually important role in our
sion of waste organic material to usable energy, and on pollutant trans-
technology-oriented society. Industry depends upon engineers for the
port processes. The additional funds will also make possible increased
development of innovative and competitive processes and products as
emphasis on such important research areas as biomedical engineering,
well as for the reduction of hazardous working conditions. Society
pattern recognition and processing, food engineering, high flux heat
depends upon engineers for devising improved methods of utilizing
transfer, process engineering, noise control, and construction manage-
our natural resources, for providing new sources of energy, and for de-
ment.
vising improved housing and transportation and communications
Electrical Sciences and Analysis
systems.
The objective of the Electrical Sciences and Analysis research pro-
The objective of the Foundation's engineering research program is
to develop a better understanding of the engineering principles which
gram is to gain better understanding of the various phenomena re-
lated to electrical sciences and systems. New discoveries and increased
are common to or required for the solution of future technological and
knowledge in electrical and optical sciences and system theory are of
societal problems. The scope of the engineering research program
ranges from the development of new data and methodology required
the utmost importance if research is to provide knowledge applicable
for the introduction of new technology or improvement of productiv-
to the highly complex problems of productivity, energy, generation,
transportation, health services, communications, and others that
ity, to understanding and modifying the impact of new and existing
technology on man and his environment. Thus, the Foundation's engi-
plague our technologically dependent society. To meet this challenge,
neering research program involves all areas of engineering and tech-
the program supports research in Control and Automation, Devices
nology including civil, mechanical, chemical, industrial, electrical, and
and Waves, Electrical and Optical Communications, and System The-
ory and Applications. The research program includes studies in com-
aeronautical engineering.
In addition to the support of a general research program, a number
munication and information sciences, large scale networks, signal
of innovations have been introduced and are being given continued
processing, control theory, automation systems, bioengineering, man-
emphasis in the Engineering program in FY 1975. Among these are
machine interactive systems, system analysis, modeling optimization,
University-industry workshops. These workshops explore spe-
devices for communications, automation, electrical energy generation,
cial areas of research interest, serve to improve coordination be-
and environmental systems, wave propagation and radiation. Orga-
tween universities and industry and identify important research
nized areas of coherent research with strong university-industry in-
teraction are supported in the important areas of optical communica-
problems and opportunities.
Organized research areas. These are broad problem areas in
tion systems and advanced automation.
which there is a unique opportunity for high impact through in-
Engineering Chemistry and Energetics
tensive coordination of research related to a given area or in
The objective of the Engineering Chemistry and Energetics pro-
which there is a serious void in information required to cope with
gram is to stimulate those basic disciplines that are directly and in-
a particular problem area. Often this void exists because of the
directly related to the technological development and economic vi-
fragmented nature of involved industrial groups or the lack of
tality of major industries in the U.S. utilizing various forms of chem-
specific responsibility of any government agency. Examples of
ical and physical change. Appropriately selected, these changes in-
organized research areas include optical communication systems,
fluence not only the development of new processes, the manufacture
food engineering, and wind engineering.
of new or improved products, and the abatement of environmental
Encouragement of young university researchers to develop re-
pollution, but also the means for conserving energy and materials in
search programs related to current problems. A special option in
actual or potential short supply. Research supporting this objective
the Engineering Research Initiation Program, program permits
is provided through four general areas and several organized areas.
young faculty members to carry out research activities during the
The general areas include Chemical Processes, Heat Transfer, Plasma
summers in a non-academic environment such as industry or some
Dynamics and Nuclear Engineering, and Thermodynamics and Mass
level of government activity.
Transfer. Added support to these programs is given by the key or-
The Foundation's FY 1975 engineering research program involves
ganized research areas of Process Synthesis, Food Engineering, and
an increase of $8,400,000 over that allocated for FY 1974. These funds
Natural Resources Technology.
will enable the Foundation to increase the activities of research pro-
Mechanics
grams which encourage greater interaction between universities and
industry. The largest fraction of this increase will be used to place
The objectives of the Mechanics research program are to generate
additional emphasis on theoretical, experimental and design oriented
knowledge required for continued improvements in industrial and
government activities related to construction, mechanical design and
32
33
processing, manufacturing, agricultural technology, water supply and
Thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions involving sulfides,
waste treatment, protection from natural hazards, environmental pro-
hydrides and carbides which could form in the environments pro-
tection, energy and others.
vided by advanced energy conversion systems.
Support is provided through four sub-programs-Solid Mechanics,
Fluid Mechanics, Civil and Environmental Technology, and Indus-
Energy related research is discussed more fully in the appropriate
materials research program elements.
trial Technology, and through a number of special organized research
areas such as Wind Engineering, Technology Transfer in Machine
Research at the Materials Research Laboratories by groups of in-
vestigators who undertake sustained interdisciplinary research in fore-
Design, Ship Traffic Control, Computer Based Technology Transfer,
front areas will continue to be encouraged. This thrust area research
and Planning and Design of Tall Buildings. These special efforts are
provided by MRL core support complements, but does not substitute
closely coordinated with other Foundation programs and with ac-
for, traditional individual project support.
tivities of other government agencies. Such coordination can be ex-
tremely important in areas where the general coverage of ongoing en-
Solid State and Low Temperature Physics
gineering research activities can make specific inputs to more focused
This program provides support for research essential to the "back-
programs such as utilizing wind engineering knowledge in wind power
bone" of our basic physical knowledge of materials, as well as for in-
generation studies which will be of benefit to the RANN program of
dividual and multidisciplinary efforts in challenging solid state science
wind energy conversion.
problem areas of special interest to the materials community. The ob-
MATERIALS RESEARCH
$44,200,000
jective is to increase our basic knowledge in solid state and low tem-
perature physics, in order to improve the foundation on which a better
The objective of the Foundation's Materials Research program is to
understanding of the synthesis, properties, and applications of mate-
increase fundamental understanding of the optical, chemical, mag-
rials can be built.
netic, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of materials SO
that the knowledge gained may be used to benefit mankind. New or
Engineering Materials
improved materials will be needed to meet the Nation's requirements
The objective of the Engineering Materials program is to develop
for energy production, conversion, and transmission, as well as in other
an understanding of the various processes that occur in materials and
fields. The Foundation provides support to individual scientists
develop physical concepts that may be applied to problems in mate-
through its project research program as well as to interdisciplinary
rials limited areas. The Engineering Materials program provides re-
groups through the Materials Research Laboratories (MRL) and the
search support needed to advance our understanding of materials of
National Magnet Laboratory (NML).
scientific and technological importance, their structure and properties,
The Foundation's FY 1975 program in Materials Research will em-
and behavior under a variety of conditions.
phasize research aimed at a microscopic understanding of catalytic
Solid State Chemistry and Polymer Science
behavior, a predictive assessment of materials performance is a com-
plex environment, and the development of a now long-period (1 sec)
The program deals with basic research on synthesis and structure-
pulsed magnet capable of generating fields in excess of 400 kilogauss.
property relations in polymeric materials, and on the nature of defects,
The behavior of materials plays a central role in defining the limits
properties of surfaces, and other basic chemical phenomena in solids.
of efficiency and reliability of any energy conversion system. The aim
The objective of this program is to increase our fundamental knowl-
of the energy related research included in this program is to develop
edge in solid state chemistry and polymer science in order to broaden
a better understanding of those processes in materials which limit per-
the foundation on which a better understanding of the synthesis, prop-
formance of new systems. Examples of basic degradation processes
erties and applications of these materials can be built.
which will be emphasized are fatigue, creep, fracture, corrosion, stress
National Magnet Laboratory
rupture and embrittlement.
The Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory (NML) continues
Materials also exhibit unique properties which can be exploited and
to be the world's leading high magnetic field laboratory. The Founda-
improved if a better basic understanding is developed. These include
tion assumed responsibility for the core funding of this laboratory
the following:
from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research in 1971. Fundamental
Superconductors with higher transition temperature and ease of
research, applied research, and magnet development are carried out by
fabrication.
the Laboratory's experienced staff of scientists and engineers. The
Solid state electrolytes for batteries or photovoltaic materials
NMI's objectives are: to maintain a strong versatile program of basic
for solar energy converters.
and applied research in magnetism, superconductivity, magneto-
Materials requiring high temperature performance (ceramics
optics, plasma physics, and high resolution resonance spectroscopy; to
and metals) for turbines, coal conversion plants, and magnetohy-
provide visitors and collaborators with not only the use of the facili-
drodynamic (MHD) converters.
ties, but also the benefit of expert scientific and technical assistance
Surface studies where better understanding would benefit cat-
necessary to setting up and carrying out their experiments; to provide
alysis development or brittle fracture control.
qualified post-doctoral and graduate students an opportunity to work
34
35
in high magnetic field research; and to design, develop, and test the
chrotron radiation is not identifiable with a particular program or
next generation of both pulsed and continuous high-field magnets.
discipline of science because it is actually a probe which can be used to
Materials Research Laboratories
study matter in any of its forms. The facility is made available to
Core support is provided by the Materials Research Laboratories
qualified users on the basis of scientific merit.
(MRL) program to a number of major academic materials research
COMPUTING ACTIVITIES
$11,000,000
laboratories. A significant fraction of this support is devoted to the
The Foundation's Computing Activities Program supports basic re-
provision and the operation of central facilities, in which major equip-
search in computer science and engineering, computer applications in
ment is available for joint use to several investigators. Support is also
research, and research studies on the technological aspects of society's
provided for research projects directed at identifiable, broad problem
use of computers. The objective is to gain an understanding of the
areas, usually involving several faculty from different academic dis-
basic principles underlying computing and discover procedures for
ciplines. The development of such projects is strongly encouraged.
applying those principles. Even though enormous computing power
Finally, some support is provided for individual projects on topics
is employed daily, computer science is in its infancy. Discoveries by
most promising in further development of materials and materials-
scientists will advance our knowledge of computer science while en-
related research. The selection of the research problems remains the
abling the nation to use computing more effectively in solving national
responsibility of the local laboratory management. The NSF's re-
problems.
sponsibility through the MRL program is in supporting a balanced
This program represents a balanced approach to basic computing
overall materials research effort based on the most effective individual
research. Major emphasis is on the more fundamental aspects of com-
laboratory contributions. Currently some 350 faculty, 70-80 post-
puter science and engineering, but support is also provided for the
doctoral associates and some 700 graduate students are partly
research required to develop techniques to make the computer more re-
supported.
sponsive to requirements of the other scientific disciplines. Studies and
The primary scientific objective is to support research leading to the
basic research are supported to identify technical solutions to general
development of a better understanding and control of factors deter-
questions posed by wide-spread computerization in our society.
mining the properties and the behavior of materials. Directly related
The FY 1975 program provides an increase of $1.8 million over FY
to this fundamental objective is the more pragmatic one, namely the
1974. Support is increased for research on computer systems and pro-
development of improved ways of applying such understanding to
grams which are more reliable and perform correctly in the presence
problems of importance in technology. It is recognized that many that
of errors. Support for special projects is also increased for research
many such problems present significant scientific challenge, and that
on problems in privacy and computer system security, the human-
a progressively increasing interdisciplinary involvement is needed for
machine interface, and energy-related research.
success in solving these. Such research provides students with a very
broad exposure to the many aspects-both scientific and technologi-
Computer Science and Engineering
cal-of materials research. Some 50-60 percent of the total Federally
This program is the only national program whose prime focus is
funded academic materials research is carried out at the MRL's, and
the support of basic research in computer science. Proposals are con-
the core support represents some 40 percent of that. Therefore it is
sidered in three categories: fundamental computer science, software
imperative that the core support program be properly balanced, as
and programming systems, and the principles of computer systems de-
viewed on the national scale, over the whole spectrum from materials-
sign. The objectives of this program include:
related science through materials engineering. In developing such
The exploration and development of the underlying founda-
balance the views of the materials community are of primary im-
tion and structures of computer science.
portance, and are continuously sought. Changes in the level of support
The discovery of principles governing the design of computer
at the various MRL's will depend upon the extent to which each
programming systems.
laboratory is successful in developing its research programs in com-
The enhancement of the reliability, capacity and useability of
petition with other laboratories, both within and outside the program.
computer systems through research on the design and organiza-
tion of computer systems.
Synchrotron Radiation Facility
The objective of this program is to provide support for the opera-
Computer Applications in Research
tion and maintenance of a synchrotron radiation facility at Stanford
The Computer Applications in Research Program's prime objective
University. The radiation produced by the high energy electrons cir-
is to increase scientific research capability through applications of in-
culating in the Stanford Positron Electron Asymmetric Ring is an
creasingly sophisticated computer-based systems and resources. Spe-
extremely intense continuum of highly polarized, well-focused, nano-
cific emphasis is placed on research leading to innovative applications
second bursts of photons. Such unique characteristics make possible
of computational techniques and methodologies for improved ap-
experiments that are either impossible or infeasible with conventional
proaches for preparing scientific software. Support is given to studies
sources. This is the only facility in the U.S. producing this type of
which will improve the potential of computer networking for science
radiation in the X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Syn-
36
37
research and will, in turn, improve the ability to share computational
in order to gain a better understanding of transient behavior of the
resources. Specific objectives include:
Development of advanced computerized techniques for specific
atmosphere as manifested in large-scale fluctuations and of the factors
that determine the statistical properties of the general circulation of
research applications.
the atmosphere. Increased research efforts will be required in the
Development of procedures to improve the quality of computer
planned regional subprograms of GARP as well as in climate studies.
software applicable research.
The International Decade of Ocean Exploration program is mov-
Identification of pertinent organizational, political and eco-
nomic considerations which are required for the development of
ing forward, with research emphases on the quality of the marine
environment, the resources of the ocean, and the role of ocean processes
computer networks on a national level.
in weather and climate.
Special Projects
The Ocean Sediment Coring Program is moving toward greater
The purpose of the Special Projects program is to encourage the de-
participation and increased funding participation by other nations.
velopment of new fields of computer science research which are re-
The amount recommended for this program in FY 1975 assumes that
sponsive to problems and opportunities arising from the widespread
an additional $1,000,000 will be contributed by a foreign participant.
use of the computer. The research projects and exploratory studies
As in the two preceding years, emphasis in FY 1975 in the Arctic
will strengthen the foundations of computer science as a discipline and
Research Program will be on the Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experi-
help make the computer a more responsive tool for meeting social
ment. The Man-in-the-Arctic project replaces the Tundra Biome
needs. The goals of the program are:
project as the second largest effort in this program.
To improve understanding of the potential benefits and dan-
By the end of the 1973-74 austral season, the U.S. Antarctic Re-
gers that the use of the computer is having on organizations and
search Program will have three new LC-130 aircraft; the new South
individuals in society.
Pole Station will be nearing completion; and the USNS Eltanin,
To stimulate new areas of basic computer science research moti-
operated by Argentina on a shared-cost basis, will be available for
vated by new uses of the computer.
research in the southern ocean. Emphasis in FY 1975 will be on three
$86,000,000
large, interdisciplinary projects, but increased attention will be
2. NATIONAL AND SPECIAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS
focused on meteorology and oceanography, the latter in cooperation
Authorization, fiscal year 1975
with the International Decade of Ocean Exploration program.
Increased budgets for Oceanographic Facilities and Support in both
National Research Programs:
$4,000,000
FY 1974 and FY 1975 over FY 1973 will assure the maintenance of
Global Atmospheric Research Program
International Decade of Ocean Exploration
15,500,000
a viable academic fleet in support of the Nation's oceanographic re-
Ocean Sediment Coring Program
11,000,000
search program.
Arctic Research Program
3,500,000
SPECIAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS
U.S. Antarctic Research Program
25,800,000
Oceanographic Facilities and Support
15,000,000
The Science and Technology Policy Research program, in assisting
the Director in his role as President's Science Adviser and Chairman
Subtotal
74,800,000
of The Federal Council for Science and Technology under Reorgani-
Special Research Programs:
Science and Technology Policy Research
$1,500,000
zation Plan No. 1 of 1973, will concentrate on studies of the processes
Energy R. & D. Policy Research
4,500,000
and methodologies of science policy formulation as well as special
National R. & D. Assessment Program
3,000,000
2,200,000
analyses of problem areas, data gathering, and assessing the impacts
Experimental R. & D. Incentives Program
of potential policy options.
Subtotal
11,200,000
In order to assist the Director, NSF to carry out his role in the en-
ergy policy area, the Energy R. & D. Policy Research program will em-
Total
86,000,000
phasize the development and analysis in a systems framework of na-
Research supported by the National and Special Research Programs
tional R. & D. energy goals and strategies. Background studies, data
covers a wide range of activities and scientific disciplines. These pro-
collection and ad hoc analytical studies of topical energy-related is-
grams are coordinated efforts, each designed to achieve specific objec-
sues will be conducted. Support, guidance, and analyses will be pro-
tives. The programs are characterized generally by the extensive
vided to the Executive Office of the President and the Federal Energy
involvement of program staff in their planning, management, and
Office. An amount of $4,500,000 is included in the Foundation's pro-
coordination. Many include a logistic component, and must involve
gram for those efforts which fill an important need for the develop-
some element of international cooperation.
ment of intelligent national energy policies and strategies.
The National R. & D. Assessment program will begin to capitalize on
NATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS
efforts to provide systematic state-of-the-art studies describing rela-
The Global Atmospheric Research Program will be concerned with
tionships and implications, and determination of high priority areas
studies of the physical processes in the troposphere and stratosphere,
for research that took place during the first two years of the Program.
38
39
Concentration in FY 1975 will be on studies to fill critical gaps in
the acceleration phase of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Com-
policy relevant data, information, and understanding.
mission's Long-Term and Expanded Program of Oceanic Research,
Major emphasis in the Experimental R. &D. Incentives (RDI) pro-
was assigned to the National Science Foundation in 1969. Research
gram will be initiated in FY 1973 and FY 1974. These experiments
deal with ways to help cities to take timely advantage of new advances
projects are designed to improve understanding of the influence of the
in technology, and incentives that can speed the process of innovation
ocean on man's activities and his impact on the marine environment.
in areas such as the clinical testing of newly developed medical equip-
The four programs and their objectives are:
ment and others. RDI will also initiate additional base line, compara-
Environmental Forecasting
tive and evaluate studies to support ongoing experiments, monitor and
The objective of the environmental forecasting program is to pro-
evaluate natural experiments and disseminate results.
vide the scientific basis for improved oceanographic and atmospheric
forecasts. Research projects include:
NATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS
The North Pacific Experiment (NORPAX). NORPAX is a study
GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH PROGRAM (GARP)
$4,000,000
of large-scale, long-period, ocean-atmosphere coupling in the North
Pacific Ocean. Sea-surface temperature anomalies in the mid-latitudes
The overall objectives of this program are to study those physical
of the Pacific Ocean have been related to winter conditions over North
processes in the troposphere and stratosphere that are essential for an
America. To better understand these phenomena, and hence produce
understanding of
improved seasonal forecasts, research is proceeding in five areas: (i)
The transient behavior of the atmosphere as manifested in the
statistical studies of historical data, (ii) monitoring of indices of
large-scale fluctuations.
dynamic processes using moored buoys, island stations and ships of
The factors that determine the statistical properties of the gen-
opportunity, (iii) experiments in the physical processes of air-sea
eral circulation of the atmosphere.
interaction in the central North Pacific Ocean, (iv) theoretical studies
The successful attainment of the above objectives would lead to more
accurate and longer-range weather forecasts and to a better under-
such as mixed-layer formation and regional numerical modeling, and
(v) complementary efforts to develop satellite techniques and a com-
standing of the physical basis of climate. Utilizing weather informa-
prehensive ocean model for use in global climate modeling. A first
tion, particularly forecasts, rather than designing out or engineering
attempt to determine the heat, moisture, and momentum fluxes of the
around the weather, could be worth many millions of dollars per year.
GARP is interdisciplinary in nature, using talent from many scien-
surface layer of the North Pacific Ocean in winter will take place in
early 1974.
tific disciplines. Seven agencies (AEC, DOC, DOD, DOT, EPA,
NASA, NSF) are contributing funds to the program. The National
Climate: Long Range Investigation, Mapping and Prediction Proj-
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has been desig-
ect (CLIMAP). CLIMAP is a study of climatic changes as indicated
nated as lead agency for coordination. The National Science Founda-
by the faunal record contained in deep-sea sediment cores. These rec-
tion has responsibilities to (1) support the university community and
ords can be statistically interpreted to show changes in environmental
NCAR in their GARP efforts and (2) support the Observing Systems
parameters such as sea surface temperatures. CLIMAP provides data
Simulation Experiments (OSSE) that are required for evaluation of
essential for evaluating man-induced environmental changes such as
observing subsystems in terms of accuracy, density, and frequency of
those resulting from the release of CO₂ into the atmosphere from the
burning of fossil fuel.
observations. The responsibility for OSSE has been delegated to the
Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment (MODE). This is a major theo-
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR).
The success of GARP is dependent in large measure on university
retical and experimental effort to describe and develop numerical
models of medium-scale dynamic processes such as oceanic eddies, and
participation in the program. The major role of the National Science
to assess their role in ocean circulation and global climate. In 1973,
Foundation is to focus the scientific expertise of university scientists
United States and United Kingdom scientists carried out a four-
on the problems being addressed by GARP.
month field experiment using two aircraft and six ships.
Although the observational phase of the GARP Atlantic Tropical
International Southern Ocean Studies (ISOS). ISOS, to begin in
Experiment (GATE) will be completed early in FY 1975, a large
FY 1974, focuses on oceanographic processes of the Southern Ocean
number of researchers who did not participate in the field phase will
and their role in weather and climate. These processes include the for-
need to analyze and use the data. Also increased research is required
mation of bottom and intermediate waters and the exchange of water
in the planned regional subprograms of GARP such as the Air Mass
between the oceans affected by the circumpolar current. ISOS is to be
Transformation Experiment (AMTEX), the Monsoon Experiment
conducted jointly by scientists from the United States, Norway, the
(MONEX) and the Polar Experiment (POLEX). Finally, there will
United Kingdom, and Argentina.
be an increasing effort in climate studies.
Environmental Quality
INTERNATIONAL DECADE OF OCEAN EXPLORATION
$15,500,000
This program has two major elements-research on the physical-
Responsibility for the planning, management, and support of the
chemical processes that transport and mix pollutants in the ocean, and
United States' role in the International Decade of Ocean Exploration,
research on the deleterious effects of pollutants on marine life. Objec-
40
41
tives are to understand oceanic mixing processes, the transport of pol-
(4) Baseline data research-regional and world-wide.
lutants into the ocean and within ecosystems, the effect of pollutants
(5) Development and application of models to predict the dis-
on individual marine organisms, and the effect of pollutants on marine
tribution of pollutants in marine ecosystems.
ecosystems.
Seabed Assessment
The oceanic mixing studies are a continuing effort to measure the
levels of elements and compounds in the open ocean that indicate the
Three major projects are directed toward the assessment of seabed
rate of movement of substances in the water column. This Geochemical
resources:
Ocean Sections Study (GEOSECS), started in 1971 after one and one-
The continental margin studies involve the basic geological and geo-
half years of preparation, consists of north-south transects of the
physical research necessary to evaluate the mineral and petroleum re-
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and will involve three additional years
source potential of important unsurveyed continental margins. The
of analytical laboratory work. The Atlantic transect, completed in
objective of the margin studies is to provide the bathymetric, sedi-
April of 1973, was highly successful from the viewpoint of the sig-
mentological, and structural data needed to guide the efforts of re-
nificance and precision of the data collected. The Pacific transect is
source geologists. Surveys of the southeastern and southwestern Atlan-
taking place between August 23, 1973, and May 1974, and involves
tic continental margins were started in FY 1972.
thirty investigators from fifteen institutions.
Research into the role of mid-ocean ridges and ocean margin sub-
The pollutant transport and transfer studies consist of individual
duction zones in the genesis of useful metallic ore formations will con-
research projects on the routes by which various chemical pollutants
tinue in FY 1975. Objectives are to detect metal enrichment at the
reach the ocean. These studies include investigations of the mecha-
ridges, to define the mechanisms of transport away from the ridges,
nisms by which pollutants are moved up the marine food chain. Nine
and to detect further metal enrichment at the subduction zones and
scientific investigators from nine institutions are involved in the
assess their potential to generate massive ore bodies.
studies.
Studies of the processes involved in the formation and distribution
Another group of investigators is studying the effects of chemical
of manganese nodules, based on research priorities recommended by a
pollutants on specific levels of marine life. The goal of these studies
comprehensive definition study completed in FY 1974, will continue
in FY 1975.
is to understand the way in which low levels of pollutants, acting over
different lengths of time, harm vital functions of organisms and even-
Energy-related aspects of margin studies include geophysical exam-
tually destroy them. Nine projects, based at five institutions, were ini-
ination of deep structures in the southwest corner of the Gulf of
tiated in FY 1973.
Mexico and thick sediment deposits of the Amazon River Delta and
The key element in the study of the effects of pollutants on marine
upgrading of the seismic reflection capability of oceanographic institu-
ecosystems is the Controlled Ecosystem Pollution Experiment
tions to identify potential sites of petroleum and natural gas. In
(CEPEX). CEPEX is designed to determine whether low levels of
addition, research is supported in the genesis and location of deep-sea
pollutants, acting over long periods of time, have a harmful effect on
manganese nodules which also contain significant quantities of copper,
marine communities. To accomplish this research, scientists intend to
nickel, and cobalt which will contribute to our knowledge of non-fuel
study entire ecosystems which are enclosed in huge plastic bags in their
resources essential to the energy-producing system.
natural environment. CEPEX involves nine investigators at four
Living Resources
institutions.
The objective of this program is to determine the processes and rela-
The accelerated development and use of fossil fuels (coal, crude and
tionships that exist between the biological aspects of marine organisms
shale oils) as energy sources will introduce into the atmospheric (sub-
and the chemical, physical, and geological environment in which they
sequently, oceanic) environment new pollutants and higher concentra-
live. The program emphasizes marine ecosystems research through the
tions of current pollutants (e.g., mercury, lead, arsenic and uranium).
Coastal Upwelling Ecosystems Analysis (CUEA) project. CUEA
The new or additional pollutants, whose identities and impact on
seeks to understand the biological and physical factors that govern
marine ecosystems are little known, include beryllium, selenium,
the coastal upwelling ecosystem SO that changes can be predicted by
fluorine, and their derivatives; toxic nitrogen and sulfur heterocycles;
monitoring specific oceanographic or meteorological variables. A ma-
and polynuclear and other carcinogenic hydrocarbons. In FY 1975,
jor field experiment, JOINT-I, involving the United States and six
a new energy-related research program in the characterization and
other nations, will take place off the northwest coast of Africa during
measurement of fossil-fuel pollutants in the marine environment is
the spring of 1974.
planned. It is envisaged that this new program will be developed along
General Support
the following lines:
(1) A workshop to establish research priorities.
The objective of the support program is to ensure rapid communi-
(2) Development and application of methods to characterize
cation of data and results to appropriate government agencies and the
new pollutants in the marine environment.
international community, and to plan for participation in IDOE
(3) Development of quality assurances for baseline measuring
programs by other nations.
activities.
42
43
OCEAN SEDIMENT CORING PROGRAM
$11,000,000
As the lead agency for the extension of Federal arctic research, the
The objective of the Ocean Sediment Coring program (OSCP) is
Foundation funds research that lies outside the interests of mission
to help determine the origin and geologic history of the ocean basins
agencies. These projects are generally interdisciplinary and multi-in-
by making available for study samples obtained by drilling into the
stitutional. The Foundation also provides for the exchange of research
ocean floor.
plans and data with other nations sharing common interests in the
The OSCP is achieving this objective primarily through the activ-
Arctic. NSF also chairs the Interagency Arctic Research Coordinating
ities of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, a program managed by the
Committee (IARCC), which coordinates the research programs and
Scripps Institution of Oceanography and funded by the National
logistic support requirements of the eleven Federal agencies involved
Science Foundation through a contract with the University of
in arctic research.
California.
The main research activities of the program are: the Arctic Ice Dy-
The research ship Glomar C'hallenger, specially equipped to drill
namics Joint Experiment (AIDJEX), a comprehensive study of sea-
and core at ocean depths of 25,000 feet from the ocean surface, has been
ice formation and movement and air-ice-ocean interactions; the Man-
recovering samples of subsea sediments and rocks since August 1968.
in-the-Arctic project, a socioeconomic study of Alaska; a follow-on to
As of January 1, 1974, 33 cruises had been completed, each of about
the Tundra Biome project, a study of temperature-sensitive soils and
two months duration, and cores had been obtained from 468 holes at
flora in the Arctic; and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project, a study of
318 sites in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, as well as in the
prior environmental conditions and of the flow dynamics of the ice
Mediterranean, Caribbean, Bering, and Red Seas, the Gulf of Mexico,
sheet.
and in antarctic waters. During these cruises, 352 scientists, in-
The Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment (AIDJEX) will pro-
cluding 113 from 22 foreign countries, participated in the shipboard
vide an increased capability to predict ice motion and deformation
laboratory analysis of the samples. The results of the shipboard and
and their effects on shipping and off-shore facilities; the Tundra Biome
initial shore-based studies have been published in the Initial Reports
studies will provide data to assist in managing and controlling the
of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, a volume of which is compiled after
ecological effects of north slope petroleum development; and the anal-
the completion of preliminary analyses of the data from each cruise.
ysis of Greenland ice cores will contribute information on the pro-
The cores are stored in refrigerated repositories in California
duction and global distribution of combustion by-products. In addi-
(Scripps Institution of Oceanography) and New York (Lamont-
tion, the efforts in the Economic and Social Sciences program focus on
Doherty Geological Observatory) and are available to qualified scien-
economic and social changes in Alaska resulting from petroleum de-
tists for more detailed investigations. To date, OSCP samples have
velopment and production.
been distributed to more than 300 scientists working on more than 200
Upper Atmospheric Sciences
separate research projects.
The objective of the arctic program in upper atmospheric sciences
The general reconnaissance of mineral resources contained in sea-
is to obtain high-latitude data on solar-terrestrial effects and to com-
bed sediments is providing a broad evaluation of the global subsea dis-
plement and extend the research being conducted at Siple Station in
tribution of hydrocarbons. New areas of oil and gas accumulation are
Antarctica. The interactions between the solar wind and the earth's
detected through constant monitoring by shipboard instruments fol-
magnetic and charged-particle fields are studies with balloon-borne
lowed by more thorough core analyses in shore-based laboratories. De-
and ground-based instruments. Simultaneous and coordinated observa-
velopment of advanced drilling and coring techniques, many of which
tions of events at the northern and southern ends of the magnetic field
have been adopted by commercial petroleum producers, remains a
lines greatly enhance the scientific value of the investigations. The
continuing effort of the OSCP.
source of auroral particles is also investigated by measurement of
ARCTIC RESEARCH PROGRAM
$3,500,000
helium-isotope ratios in auroral displays.
The principal efforts of the Arctic Research Program are currently
Ocean Sciences and Meteorology
directed toward the following objectives:
The principal activity in this program is the Arctic Ice Dynamics
Improving the understanding of the arctic pack ice, including
Joint Experiment (AIDJEX), a multidisciplinary, international ef-
its impact on ocean transportation and offshore and coastal zone
fort to investigate the dynamic response of the pack ice to the forces
activities and its influence on weather and climate;
exerted by the atmosphere and the underlying ocean. The ultimate
Increasing the knowledge of solar-terrestrial interactions in the
objective is to develop mathematical models for predicting the inter-
Arctic and their effect on communications and global electromag-
actions of the fields of motion of the atmosphere, the pack ice and the
netic phenomena;
ocean on the basis of data from a simple network of observing sta-
Obtaining information on the delicately balanced arctic ecosys-
tions. The experiment, to be conducted in the central region of the
tem and predicting its response to resource development activities;
Arctic Ocean, requires simultaneous measurements of all the principal
Increasing the understanding of adaptational and structural
driving forces, as well as deformations occurring, over a network of
problems of the rapidly changing economic and social environ-
four manned stations and a surrounding network of automatic sta-
ment of arctic Alaska.
tions. The entire array will be operated for a full year in order to
44
45
sample all seasonal conditions. Although aimed primarily at under-
Economic and Social Sciences
standing and predicting ice movement and deformation, the unique
The principal research effort is the Man-in-the-Arctic project, the
design of the experiment also permits investigation of fundamental
current phase of which consists of six study projects in economics,
problems of air-sea interaction that apply to other oceans.
natural resource management, and transportation. The integrated
The project is jointly funded by several U.S. and Canadian agen-
results of these projects will provide the basis of four research reports:
cies, including the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval
Issues in Alaskan Development; Analysis of Development Strategies
Research, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the
in Alaska; Regional Development Strategies; and the Kobuk Trans-
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Maritime
Administration in the U.S.A., and the Department of Energy, Mines
portation Corridor Report.
and Resources and the Department of the Environment in Canada,
The objective of this long-range research effort is to develop a basic
understanding of the forces of change in Alaska and to use this under-
Foreign participation will also include Japan and possibly the
standing to assist in the solution of critical problems of northern social
U.S.S.R. The AIDJEX project will provide information for better predic-
and economic development. The economic and social studies being
tion of arctic weather and ice conditions, including ice motion and
investigated are, to a significant extent, associated with Alaskan
resource development.
deformation, and their effects on shipping and off-shore facilities.
AIDJEX data will also be useful for study of the environmental
Information Services
problems related to petroleum production on the northern continental
The information services program coordinates governmental and
shelf.
nongovernmental information services reporting on arctic research
and engineering programs, disseminates this information to a wide
Earth Sciences and Glaciology
The major effort of the program is a study of the Greenland Ice
audience of scientists, science managers, and government officials, and
Sheet and reconstruction of past climate variations from the records
provides information support for the Interagency Arctic Research
of climatic and atmospheric conditions "stored" within the ice. Field
Coordinating Committee. The broad dissemination of such informa-
tion assists in the development of interagency and international co-
programs include core drilling on the Greenland ice cap, surface
measurements of chemical and physical characteristics, and airborne
operation, and in the efficient use of research and logistic resources.
The program's objectives are (1) to disseminate information on
sounding of ice thickness and subsurface features. Data are obtained
for theoretical modeling of ice-sheet properties. Ice samples are ana-
arctic research and engineering programs through the quarterly
lyzed in U.S., Danish, and Swiss laboratories in this international
Arctic Bulletin and other means; (2) to collect, catalog and store arctic
natural-history specimens at a centralized facility for distribution
effort.
The objectives are to obtain and interpret a record of prior environ-
to scientists; and (3) to develop a computerized bibliography on arctic
research.
mental conditions, and to understand the dynamics and response of
the ice sheet to such conditions. Such analysis can provide information
UNITED STATES ANTARCTIC RESEARCH PROGRAM
$25,800,000
on the causes and effects of ice ages and less severe climatic fluctu-
The research activities of the U.S. Antarctic Research Program gen-
ations, and assist in assessing the effects of man's activities on climate.
erally fall under one of four categories: (1) investigations of the physi-
Biology
cal and biological characteristics of the continent and its surrounding
The principal effort of the biology program is the follow-on to the
seas; (2) studies directed toward understanding the role of Antarctica
five-year Tundra Biome Project. This multidisciplinary, integrated,
in global climate variations and their prediction; (3) basic scientific
cooperative project used a total ecosystem approach to obtain data
investigations such as in upper atmosphere physics, tectonics, terres-
for the development of mathematical models of temperature-sensitive
trial biology, and paleontology, that are meaningful in a worldwide
soils in the Arctic. A principal objective of the Tundra Biome Project
context only when Antarctic data are included: (4) evaluation of the
was to provide data useful to resource and land management, to the
renewable and non-renewable resources in the Antarctic area.
maintenance of environmental quality, and to land-use applications
As the principal instrument of United States national interest and
through the development of a predictive understanding of arctic soil
policy in Antarctica the antarctic program is conducted within the
degradation and how to maintain and restore cold-dominated, tem-
context of the Antarctic Treaty and in support of national objectives
stated in a Presidential announcement on October 13, 1970; namely,
perature-sensitive tundra soils.
The major task of the follow-on program is to complete the lab-
to maintain the Antarctic Treaty, to ensure that the continent is used
oratory work, initiate the synthesis of data, and develop mathematical
for peaceful purposes and does not become an object of international
models of the tundra ecosystem. Research emphasis will be directed
discord, to foster scientific research, to protect the environment, and
to arctic lake and river regional systems and to marine biological
to ensure the wise and equitable use of antarctic resources. Funding
dynamics in conjunction with near-shore marine ecological factors
and management responsibilities for the U.S. Antarctic Research Pro-
relevant to nutrition and environmental pollution.
gram are set forth in Office of Management and Budget Circular A-51,
which assigns to the National Science Foundation the responsibility
31-373 O 74 4
46
47
for developing, funding, and implementing an integrated U.S.
ing of phenomena such as solar-induced magnetic storms and auroral
particle precipitation.
program. The U.S. Antarctic Research Program differs from those of other
Naturally occurring disturbances in the electromagnetic environ-
countries by its heavy reliance on ski-equipped transport aircraft
ment affect global navigation systems, communications, and possibly
(LC-130 Hercules). The U.S. program has been developed around this
weather and climate. Also, the induction of ground currents by mag-
unique capability, which permits the conduct of substantial activities
netic storms in the vicinity of large electric-power distribution net-
far inland from the coast. Since 1957, the U.S. has maintained a re-
works may cause power surges with resultant outages. The objective
search station at the South Pole, the apex of territorial claims by
of the program is to improve our knowledge of the sun's influence on
seven other nations. During FY 1975, construction will be completed
the earth's electromagnetic environment SO that these effects can be
of a new South Pole Station, which is expected to support a variety of
understood, predicted, and coped with.
research investigations over the next decade. Since 1957, the U.S. has
Meteorology
been maintaining at least one other inland station on the Antarctic
The Antarctic continent and the surrounding oceans strongly in-
continent. At present, the inland Siple Station is a key station in a
fluence world weather and climate. The intense year-round cooling
global network investigating the influence of the sun on the terrestrial
influence of Antarctica, and the approximate circular symmetry of the
environment. In addition, the program includes two coastal stations
atmospheric and oceanic flow around the earth's axis of rotation, pro-
and two research ships. Palmer Station and the R/V Hero support
duce the strongest flow patterns in the fluid system of the earth. This
a program of biological and geological research in the politically con-
flow has strong perturbations imposed on it by the large seasonal
tentious Antarctic Peninsula area. McMurdo Station, on the Ant-
fluctuations in the extent of the sea ice cover, which doubles the size
arctic coast south of New Zealand, is the logistic hub for supporting
of the antarctic ice surface during winter.
inland operations as well as a variety of summer and year-round
The main objective of the meteorology program is to synthesize ob-
research programs. During the austral summer, temporary field sites
served phenomena into a quantitative understanding of the south polar
for research are established throughout Antarctica by aircraft. The re-
heat sink. This understanding is a necessary prerequisite to the under-
search ship Eltanin, which was withdrawn from service during FY
standing of global weather and climate processes. The structure and
1973 for budgetary reasons, will resume service during FY 1974 under
dynamics of the planetary boundary layer on the polar plateau are be-
joint sponsorship of the U.S. and Argentine antarctic programs.
ginning to be understood. Investigation of the effect of seasonal varia-
University scientists, as well as scientific personnel from Federal
tions of heat balance and ice extent on large-scale dynamic processes
laboratories and industry, participate in the research programs. Sev-
has begun.
enty-five scientists and 140 graduate students were supported during
Synoptic observations at all U.S. stations support the World
FY 1974. Many investigations, often under a single university re-
Weather Watch (WWW) of the World Meteorological Organization.
search grant, involve small groups of scientists and graduate students.
At the South Pole, a comprehensive study of boundary-layer proc-
Several large-scale multidisciplinary research efforts are conducted
esses and low-level tropospheric circulation is under way. Monitoring
with international and multi-institutional involvement. Examples are
of pollutants (aerosols, trace metals and gases, both man-made and
the Dry Valley Drilling Project, the Ross Ice Shelf Project, and the
natural) provides baseline data on global contamination.
International Antarctic Glaciological Project.
Ocean Sciences
Logistic support for the U.S. Antarctic Research Program is pro-
vided by the Departments of Defense (Navy) and Transportation
The ocean sciences program encompasses physical oceanography
(Coast Guard), augmented by civilian contractors. DOD support
and marine geology and geophysics. The ocean area around Antarc-
costs are funded by the Foundation.
tica (often referred to as the Southern Ocean) exerts major influences
on the world's ocean system, exchanging water at various levels with
Upper Atmospheric Sciences
all adjacent oceans. In addition, this ocean area contains an abun-
The Antarctic continent offers a stable platform for observing the
dance of potentially exploitable resources including probable petro-
earth's environment of electromagnetic fields and energetic particles
leum deposits and reserves of manganese, copper, nickel and cobalt
at very high latitudes. The ground-based and balloon-launched instru-
in the form of manganese nodules.
ments at Siple Station are part of a global-scale U.S. program to study
The program focuses on the study of sea ice, heat and salt budgets,
solar-terrestrial interactions. Observations are also made at South
bottom water formation, composition and movement, and circumpolar
Pole and McMurdo Stations, and, as appropriate, at stations of other
currents. The objective of the physical oceanography program is to
nations.
develop an understanding of the composition and flow of antarctic
Very low frequency signals transmitted from Siple Station are used
currents and bottom water, to clarify their interactions with the
to trigger pulsations in the earth's ionosphere. Observations of the ef-
world's oceans, and to determine the nature and extent of air-sea-ice
fects are correlated in space and time with measurements by earth
interactions.
satellites and at a magnetically conjugate station at Roberval, Can-
The objective of the marine geology and geophysics programs is to
ada. Controlled experiments are performed to improve the understand-
increase knowledge of global plate tectonics and sea-floor spreading,
48
49
to provide information on past climatic changes, and to assess the eco-
adaptation and response to isolation under severe Antarctic condi-
nomic potential of the antarctic ocean regions.
tions.
The objective of the biology program is to obtain data required for
Earth Sciences
establishing conservation measures, for the evaluation and manage-
The earth sciences program emphasize investigation of the geology
ment of commercial whaling and sealing industries, and for estimating
and geophysics of the antarctic continent and the subantarctic islands.
the economic potential of the living marine resources (foreign sources
The program objectives are: (1) to understand the relationship of
estimate a maximum sustainable yield as high as 50 million metric
the geology and geodynamics of the antarctic region to the geology
tons annually for some species). Continuous attention is also devoted
and geodynamics of the world; (2) to determine the distribution,
to the monitoring of pollution to determine stresses induced into ant-
quantity, and accessibility of nonrenewable resources; (3) and to es-
arctic life systems and organisms. The medical program is aimed at
tablish the paleoclimatic history of the antarctic region.
physical and psychiatric observations on the adjustment of expedi-
The major research projects include a drilling program in the dry
tionary personnel during antarctic service.
valleys (Dry Valley Drilling Project), the Scotia Arc-Antarctic
Information Services
Peninsula Tectonics project utilizing the R/V Hero, regional geologi-
cal investigations, and the Dufek Massif Drilling Project, for which
The information services provide for the dissemination of data and
a reconnaissance survey was made in FY 1974. Funds are also pro-
specimens obtained through antarctic research and for the collection
vided for mapping activities by the U.S. Geological Survey.
and distribution of information required to meet U.S. obliga ions
The analysis of deep sea cores obtained from Eltanin cruises in the
under the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty.
continental shelf area contributes to the energy program by providing
Specific objectives of the program are: (1) to provide support for
information on the fuel resources potential of these regions.
the sorting, cataloging, preservation and storage of antarctic speci-
mens, and for their distribution to qualified scientists; (2) to main-
Glaciology and Remote Sensing
tain a bibliography of antarctic research; (3) to arrange for the trans-
The continental and oceanic ice cover has a direct influence on world
lation into English of selected foreign antarctic scientific literature;
weather and climate. Changes in the extent of sea ice relate to changes
and (4) to prepare and publish a bimonthly journal describing an-
in oceanic and atmospheric circulation. Changes in continental ice
tarctic program activities.
volume relate to past and future changes in sea level and world cli-
The services provided by this program ensure that the information
mate. In addition, stored within the ice is an unequaled record of prior
obtained through research activities by all nations is given the broad-
atmospheric conditions. Isotopic analysis of ice cores provides a record
est possible dissemination, both nationally and internationally.
of temperature conditions extending back hundreds of thousands of
Research Ship Operations
years, enabling detailed reconstruction of past climatic fluctuations.
Studies of entrapped dust and gases and other ice-core characteristics
This program provides for the full cost of operation of one research
provided information on possible causes and effects of climatic change.
ship (Hero) and partial support of another (Eltanin) used in the con-
The objectives of the program are to determine the dynamics of the
duct of research in Antarctic Ocean areas.
antarctic ice cover, its history of change, and its interaction with the
The objective is to provide the seagoing platforms required to sup-
port U.S. marine science efforts in the antarctic region. The research
global environment.
The major research projects are the International Antarctic Glaci-
ship Hero was especially constructed for marine biological work in
ological Project (IAGP) and the Ross Ice Shelf Project (RISP).
the Antarctic Peninsula area. Hero also provides logistic support to
The IAGP is a ten-year long study of the ice cap regime in East
Palmer Station and to field parties on the Antarctic Peninsula. The
Antarctica. The RISP is an interdisciplinary investigation which, in
USNS Eltanin is specially configured for polar operations. The opera-
addition to glaciology, includes biology, oceanography and geology.
tion of the Eltanin was suspended on January 6, 1973, owning to budg-
Field programs include measurements such as ice movement, tempera-
etary constraints. However, a cooperative arrangement with Argentina
ture, thickness, accumulation and internal properties. Ice-core drilling
has been negotiated that will allow the ship to resume operations under
and airborne remote sensing of surface and subsurface features of the
joint sponsorship.
ice cover are major elements of the program.
Contract Support Operations
Biological and Medical Sciences
Civilian contract support of the U.S. effort in the Antarctic con-
Biological and medical research in the Antarctic encompasses a
tributes to the achievement of effective operation of scientific facilities,
variety of scientific investigations which, together, provide a broad,
and provides flexibility in the support services. This program permits
balanced approach to antarctic ecological and environmental prob-
the application of new techniques and administrative arrangements
lems, including human adaptation. Current areas of research include:
designed to enhance the effectiveness of program operations and man-
the structure and function of terrestrial and marine ecosystems; popu-
agement. Contract support operations will include specialized support
lation dynamics and behavior of marine mammals and sea birds;
of the U.S. scientific programs on the antarctic continent and all-
adaptation of the biota to low temperature environments; and human
civilian operation of Siple, South Pole, and Palmer Stations.
51
50
ized technical and logistic support for the U.S. Antarctic Program
The objective of the contract support program is to provide special-
The continuing objectives of this program are to
Maintain and improve a cooperative system of oceanographic
in the operation of scientific laboratories and stations. commercial In addition, serv-
facilities and operational capabilities at key locations in the
existing naval support services will be replaced with
the academic community to help sustain a strong oceanographic
ices in those cases where improved cost-effectiveness and management
research program.
Promote shared use of facilities through the academic com-
will result.
munity organization entitled "University National Oceano-
DOD Support Operations
graphic Laboratory System (UNOLS)."
The Antarctic is an isolated continent which requires two major U.S.
Promote effective management of oceanographic facilities
supply lines of several thousand miles each for support of the research
through continuing improvement of the match of system facilities
The United States could neither conduct a scientific the
to current research program requirements.
effort program. nor maintain a viable presence in the Antarctic without Trans-
Facilities supported by this program include open-ocean ships rang-
logistic support provided by the Departments of Defense and
ing in size from about 100 ft. to 246 ft.; coastal, estuarine and Great
Lakes vessels, generally less than 100 ft. in length; other special plat-
portation. The U.S. Navy has the primary logistic support role in the United U.S.
forms for data collecting in the field docking and shore facilities for
States Antarctic program. The headquarters and continental in
maintaining and servicing these vessels; major shared-use equipment;
staging area for most of the antarctic support operations are
and laboratories for data analysis ashore.
Rhode Island, where the Naval Support Force, Antarctica personnel and
Foundation support for the marine sciences is currently distributed
are trained, equipment and supplies are procured and shipped,
among 60 U.S. institutions, of which 16 operate. Federally supported
antarctic flying squadron, which is an element of the Naval Support
preparations for antarctic operations are made. VXE-6, the Navy
ships and related facilities. Shared use of this set of facilities, collec-
tively identified as the academic fleet, is essential to the overall suc-
Force, Antarctica, during the operational season, is based at Point
cess of funded research activities. The community organization
Mugu, California. A small advance staging center is located at Christ-
UNOLS works closely with this program to foster and coordinate
church, New Zealand. Major activity in New Zealand is confined to
shared use of the facilities.
the six-month operational season.
The Foundation's share of the facilities and operations support for
By mid-FY 1974, the aircraft inventory will include five ski-equip-
academic oceanography was 68% of the total Federal support in FY
ped LC-130 aircraft and six UH1N turbine helicopters. The fixed-
1973, and will increase to about 76% in FY 1974 and FY 1975. In large
wing aircraft provide the only ski-equipped heavy airlift capability
measure, the increase results from decreased support from other Fed-
possessed by any nation in the Antarctic, and are thus essential to the
eral agencies.
maintenance of the U.S. presence and conduct of U.S. scientific efforts
on the Antarctic continent. The major science and support efforts
Operations
in the Antarctic take place during the austral summer season, from
This program activity provides support for the operation and main-
early October until the end of February.
tenance of ships and boats, aircraft and submersibles; and for techni-
Under OMB Circular A-51, the National Science Foundation is
cian pools and community coordinating activities. The major com-
responsible for funding the logistic support services furnished to the
ponent is operations support for ships.
U.S. Antarctic Research Program by the Department of Defense. The
The objectives of this program activity are to
Secretary of Defense has designated the Secretary of the Navy as
Support and maintain the operational capability of the facili-
the DOD Executive Agent for the discharge of Defense support
ties needed for academic oceanographic research.
Promote better management and more effective utilization of
responsibilities.
oceanographic facilities.
OCEANOGRAPHIC FACILITIES AND SUPPORT
$15,000,000
Promote liaison with the academic community and coordination
Ships and other specialized facilities are required for academic
of support activities among Federal agencies.
oceanographic research activities not only in deep ocean areas but also
This program is the primary source of support for facilities essen-
in continental-shelf, coastal and estuarine regions and in the Great
tial to the oceanographic and marine-related research and training ac-
Lakes. These facilities contribute to the Nation's marine program by
tivities supported by the Foundation at academic and private research
sustaining an important research and training capability in the Na-
institutions. It contributes nearly 75% of the total operating budget
tion's universities. The program thus facilitates the development of
for the major academic oceanographic facilities necessary for carrying
basic knowledge concerning the marine environment by providing
out the Nation's overall program in the marine sciences.
support for the sea-going and shore facilities required in the pursuit
Shipboard Equipment and Other Shared Facilities
of marine research programs, primarily those supported by the Foun-
dation but also some supported by other Federal agencies and State
The increasing sophistication of marine research programs and the
and local sources.
facilities used to carry them out requires systematic replacement of
worn-out, obsolete and obsolescent equipment aboard ship; continued
53
52
Develop, support and supply EOP with a framework with
improvement of shore facilities to meet higher performance require-
which to evaluate systematically, energy R. & D. programs. De-
ments; and development of staging facilities at strategic locations to
velop appropriate criteria for assessing the merits of individual
promote better facilities utilization. Changing regulations pertaining
technological approaches.
to environmental protection, communications and safety also impose
Provide independent assessment of environmental health, and
requirements for new or improved ship equipment. Program support
safety standards and identify necessary additional research to im-
is provided for such replacement items as radar and other naviga-
prove standard setting.
tional equipment; replacement or initial installation of sewage and
bilge holding or treatment facilities, shipboard computers, seismic
Indentify and recommend critical new research needs in energy
R. & D. to EOP.
profiling systems, and water and bottom-sampling gear; and construc-
tion or renovation of shore facilities.
Identify and evaluate significant current research findings that
The specific objectives of this program activity are to
could affect energy R. & D. or energy programs or policies.
Upgrade ship equipment.
Determine ways in which universities and other research organi-
Support the acquisition of major research equipment items for
zations can make their most effective contribution to energy R. & D.
shared multiproject utilization.
from a research and manpower standpoint (e.g., materials, metal-
Support the construction of shore facilities required for staging
lurgy as well as basic chemical and physical processes).
cruise operations.
Maintain awareness of current plans and viewpoints of consum-
ers, of industry and associations on matters related to energy
R.&D.
SPECIAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS
Provide assistance to EOP in establishing workshops, seminars,
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY RESEARCH
$1,500,000
etc., and in supporting the President's Energy R. & D. Advisory
Council.
Under Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1973, the Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation has been designated as the President's Sci-
Coordinate with the Federal Energy Office in the area of energy
R.&D.
ence Adviser and as Chairman of the Federal Council for Science and
Technology (FCST). In addition, responsibilities of the Director and
NATIONAL R. & D. ASSESSMENT PROGRAM
$3,000,000
Deputy Director of the recently abolished Office of Science and Tech-
The National R. & D. Assessment Program provides an analytical
nology (OST) have been transferred to him. In his new role, the Di-
capability, consonant with the expressed needs of the Executive Office
rector is responsible to advise and assist the President, and agencies in
of the President, the Congress, and the National Science Foundation.
the Executive Office of the President on matters involving science pol-
The overall purpose is to supply objective analysis and define options
icy and to act as the President's representative in various international
available for enhancing the contribution of science and technology to
scientific and technological activities.
the Nation. Through this program the National Science Foundation
The Science and Technology Policy Research Program exists to pro-
analyzes (1) patterns of R. & D./technological innovation, (2) the in-
vide the analytical basis for policy formulation in support of the Di-
centives and decisions that underlie these patterns, and (3) the implica-
rector's roles as President's Science Adviser and Chairman, FCST. The
tions of alternative options on future patterns of R. & D. and tech-
research program, where possible, will build upon the existing NSF
nological innovation.
grant and contract program as well as the existing staff expertise of
The program is designed to achieve a fuller understanding of
NSF. However, the unique policy requirements of STPO will require
Relationships between Government policy options and R. & D./
additional contract support to supplement the existing in-house NSF
technological innovation.
program.
Socio-economic effects of R. & D./technological innovation.
ENERGY R. & D. POLICY RESEARCH
$4,500,000
Processes of technological innovation.
The program, in providing an analytical capability responsive to
On August 3, 1973, the Office of Energy R. & D. Policy (OEP)
the needs of public policy decision-makers, focuses on:
was established to provide to the Director of NSF, in support of his
Identification of issues.
role as Science Adviser under the President's Reorganization Plan No.
Literature management and information services.
1 of 1973, an independent source of advice and analysis of energy
State-of-the-art summaries of what is known about specific
R. & D. and other energy-related programs for use by the Executive
issues.
Office of the President (EOP).
Identification of, and research on, major gaps in understanding.
The OEP will assemble and mobilize a wide range of information
Analysis of the range of policy options including their likely
and advice in energy-related matters, furnishing the Director with a
positive and negative consequences.
capability to respond to requests for policy analysis of energy issues.
The program is guided by the needs of Government policy-makers
Specifically OEP will:
for information and analyses which will aid decision-making affecting
Provide analysis of specific issues and selected programs related
R. & D. and technological innovation. Studies of Government policy
to energy R. & D., including energy conservation, economic, socio-
logical, environmental and other areas of soft research.
54
55
options, combined with a fuller understanding of the processes of
The R. & D. Incentives Program provides operational experience
technological innovation and of the benefits and costs to society from
with various incentives which the Federal Government might use to
such innovation, will attempt to provide a framework of knowledge
increase the application of science and technology in the civil sector.
within which decision-makers may consider various policy options
3. NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTERS
$52, 500, 000
and their likely consequences.
Therefore, the results of these kinds of research projects have to be
Authorization, fiscal year 1975
made available to potential users in a timely and useful fashion. As
soon as reported results are available the staff brings the results to
National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center
$3,300,000
Kitt Peak National Observatory
7,800,000
the attention of interested parties such as Federal and other govern-
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
3,000,000
ment policymakers, congressional staffs, staff of other agencies, indus-
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
20,500,000
trial groups, and other researchers by
National Center for Atmospheric Research
17,900,000
Distributing copies of executive summaries and detailed tech-
nical reports to individuals who have indicated a major interest
Total
52,500,000
in the specific subject dealt with.
Five National Research Centers are supported by the National
Assuring that all final reports are made publicly available
Science Foundation to meet national needs for advanced research
through NTIS.
in areas of science which require specialized instrumentation and
Encouraging researchers to publish findings and methodology
equipment beyond the financial and management capabilities of indi-
in professional literature.
vidual institutions. These facilities are available for use by all quali-
Arranging for colloquia in which research results and their im-
fied scientists. The centers are managed and operated by nonprofit
plications will be discussed among researchers and decision-
corporations or universities under contract to the Foundation.
The centers maintain scientific staffs to provide the necessary ex-
makers. Periodically synthesizing, in writing, these results in a lan-
pertise to support the research programs of visiting scientists, to
guage that will bridge the various interested parties.
develop advanced instrumentation, and to participate in the conduct
EXPERIMENTAL R. & D. INCENTIVES PROGRAM
$2, 200,
of research programs.
The objective of the Experimental R. & D. Incentives Program is to
The following table lists the centers supported, the types of research
identify and test incentives which the Federal government might use
conducted, the centers' locations, and the cognizant contractors.
to accelerate the application of R. & D. results. The program supports
experiments which test various techniques, mechanisms and procedures
National research
Location of
center
Type of research
major facilities
Contractor
for stimulating technical innovation in both the public and private
sectors. Learning what incentives are most effective in different set-
National Astronomy and lono-
Radio and radar astronomy
Arecibo, P.R
Cornell University (CU).
tings can result in more effective approaches to the implementation of
sphere Center (NAIC).
and ionospheric physics.
Kitt Peak National Observatory
Stellar, solar, and planetary
Kitt Peak, Ariz
Association of Universities for
Federal programs dealing with the increased application of science
(KPNO).
optical astronomy.
Research in Astronomy, Inc.
(AURA).
and technology in the civil sector.
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Ob-
Stellar and planetary optical
Cerro Tololo, Chile
(AURA)
Through the Experimental R. & D. Incentives program mechanisms
servatory (CTIO).
astronomy.
National Radio Astronomy Ob-
Radio astronomy
Green Bank, W. Va.,
Associated
Universities
Inc.
are identified that can improve the effectiveness of the innovation
servatory (NRAO).
and Kitt Peak,
(AUI).
Ariz.
process which in turn can have a beneficial impact on
National Center for Atmospheric
Atmospheric sciences
Boulder, Colo
University Corporation for At-
The economy; through improved products and productivity-
Research (NCAR).
mospheric Research (UCAR).
and thereby through increased international competitiveness,
Employment; through the creation of new job opportunities,
NATIONAL ASTRONOMY AND IONOSPHERE CENTER
$3,300,000
and
The quality of life; through improved goods and services and
The objective of the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center at
increased buying power therefor.
Arecibo, Puerto Rico, is to provide the scientific community with a
Such innovation can be stimulated by:
unique radio/radar telescope for research in astronomy and iono-
Increasing the R. & D. effort, and
spheric physics. The telescope has a fixed, 1000-foot reflector that is
Reducing the barriers to the application of the resulting new
used both for transmitting and receiving radar signals and for observ-
ing the natural radio emissions of distant celestial bodies. The 19.8-acre
science and technology.
These and other facets of the climate for innovation are strongly
collecting area gives the telescope exceptional sensitivity. Three major
affected by Federal policy. However, the innovation process, and the
programs are conducted radio observations of celestial radio sources,
interrelated effects of Federal policy, are SO vaguely defined that the
radar observations of the moon and the planets, and radar studies of
actual effect of any given incentive can best be determined by field
the earth's ionosphere.
tests of proposed actions.
56
57
Scientific Research Support
centimeter reflectors for direct photography and spectroscopic ob-
Scientific research support is programmed at $3,300,000. Of this
servations, two 41-centimeter instruments for photoelectric photom-
amount, $3,040,000 is for research operations, administration, and
etry, the 1.5-meter McMath Solar Telescope that is used for both solar
maintenance. The remaining $260,000 is for observing equipment re-
and planetary observations, and a recently completed Solar Vacuum
Telescope and Magnetograph for mapping magnetic fields and the
quired for the upgraded telescope facility and includes test equipment,
motions of gases on the sun. The new 4-meter telescope was dedicated
receivers, and digital devices.
in June 1973 and will become fully operational as an instrument avail-
Radio Astronomy
able to visitors in FY 1974.
The objectives of this program are (a) to continue the search for
In addition to the telescopes, the Kitt Peak installation includes
new radio sources in the celestial sphere and measure their distribution,
dormitory, dining, technical and administrative facilities for operat-
frequency spectrum, polarization, and time variability; (b) to identify
ing and maintaining the equipment and for serving the telescope
the constituents of gas concentrations in space and to measure their
users. The observatory headquarters, located in Tucson, near the Uni-
distribution, motion, temperature and density; and (c) to continue the
versity of Arizona campus, consist of offices, laboratories, shops, a
pulsar surveillance program.
library, and computer facilities for the support of visitors, resident
The increased accuracy of the upgraded reflector surface together
KPNO staff, and the administrative activities of the observatory.
with modifications to the suspended portion of the antenna have pro-
Stellar Astronomy
vided a capability for radio astronomy operations to frequencies as
The stellar astronomy program includes measurements of the
high as 7.2 GHz (4.2 cm wavelength).
brightnesses, colors, motions, and spectral characteristics of stars
Radar Astronomy
within our own galaxy. These measurements permit determination of
The radar astronomy program makes use of the Arecibo telescope
temperatures, masses, and structures of the outermost layers of the
to study objects such as the moon and inner planets by analyzing radar
stars. This information is essential to formulating and testing theories
echoes reflected off them. Measurements of the absolute delay of the
of the origin and evolution of stellar systems and the galaxy, and the
radar echo and the Doppler shift in frequency give accurate informa-
conditions necessary for the formation of planetary systems.
tion about the orbits of these bodies. Through detailed studies of the
Solar Astronomy
characteristics of the echo at various time delays and Doppler shifts,
The solar astronomy program includes studies of the physical char-
the surface features and rate of rotation of the body can be determined.
acteristics of the outer làyers of the solar atmosphere, including tem-
Ionospheric Physics
peratures, pressures, gas motions, and magnetic fields. Among the
The ionospheric physics program is concerned with the complicated
specific thrusts are efforts to explore the coupling among gas motions,
magnetic fields, and the strong radiations that give rise to solar flares
photochemical and dynamical processes governing the behavior of the
and other phenomena that affect the interplanetary environment.
ionized and neutral constituents of the upper atmosphere. Studies are
conducted of photoionization; atom-ion interchanges and dissociative
Planetary Astronomy
recombination; optical emission (airglow) ; thermal coupling between
The planetary astronomy program includes theoretical and observa-
electrons and ions; ambipolar diffusion of ions and diffusion of neutral
tional studies of the structure and composition of the atmospheres of
particles; motions induced by electric fields, neutral winds, tides, and
Venus, Mars and several larger planets, such as Jupiter and Saturn,
gravity waves; energy transport between ionosphere and protono-
whose orbits lie beyond that of Mars. Knowledge of the pressures,
sphere; and plasma instabilities.
temperatures, and chemical compositions of the atmospheres of these
$7,800,000
bodies is essential to an undertanding of the origin and evolution of
KITT PEAK NATIONAL OBSERVATORY (KPNO)
the solar system. Other important projects are concerned with the
The objective of the Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) is
properties of terrestrial airglow emissions and the physics of the
to provide the U.S. scientific community with a major facility for
earth's ionosphere.
research in stellar, solar, and planetary astronomy. The facility con-
Research Support Services
sists primarily of ground-based telescopes and the auxiliary equipment
necessary to observe astronomical objects in the optical and infrared
The research support services program includes the engineering and
regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. At least 60 percent of the
technical services required to support the KPNO and CTIO 4-meter
observing time on the telescopes is made available to visiting
telescopes, KPNO scientific programs, and general observatory needs.
The activities cover support and operation of the optical, electronics,
astronomers.
The major observing facilities are located at an elevation of 6,800
and machine shops, and the scientific computer laboratory with its
feet on Kitt Peak, a mountain 40 miles southwest of Tucson, Arizona.
peripheral equipment, programmer services, and supplies.
Since 1957, nine telescopes have been erected on Kitt Peak: the new
Administrative, perations, and Maintenance Services
4-meter telescope, a 2.1-meter general purpose reflector, a 1.3-meter
The administrative, operations, and maintenance services program
cassegrain reflector for photometric and infrared studies, two 92-
includes such activities at both Kitt Peak and the headquarters in
58
59
Tucson. The program includes the costs of observatory management
Clouds, and the region of the South Galactic Pole, are of fnudamental
and business functions; operation of the Director's office, and the
importance to our understanding of the universe and can be observed
personnel, accounting, budgeting and contracts offices; shipping and re-
only from the Southern Hemisphere. During the long fall and winter
ceiving; legal services; travel arrangements; utilities and communica-
nights, the Southern Milky Way and, in particular, the center of the
tions; vehicle maintenance; computer equipment lease and mainte-
galaxy, pass overhead and are well positioned for observation. At
nance agreements; photographic, printing, and reproduction services;
certain times of the year the planets pass nearly overhead and
the library; and related services and supplies.
are in an ideal position for study with a minimum of atmospheric
interference.
Equipment The equipment program at KPNO provides funds for telescope in-
Observing time on the CTIO telescopes is allocated SO as to provide
visitors with at least 60 percent of the time on each instrument. As
strumentation, computer hardware, and research and general observa-
part of the stellar and planetary astronomy program, the observatory
tory equipment. The telescope instrumentation projects provide the
provides visitors with travel support as well as the night assistants and
necessary auxiliary instrumentation for, and modifications to, exist-
supplies necessary to carry out successful observing programs.
ing telescopes on Kitt Peak, and also the hardware required for the
design and development of new advanced observing devices.
Operations and Maintenance
This program consists of the operations and maintenance services
Management Fee
for both the headquarters complex in La Serena and the observing fa-
The management fee consists of funds paid to AURA by NSF,
cilities on Cerro Tololo. The program includes buildings and grounds
under terms specified in the contract, to cover corporate expenses in-
maintenance, dining room services, and vehicle maintenance; engineer-
curred in the operation and management of KPNO.
ing, electronics, and other shop services; computer equipment opera-
Construction of Buildings and Research Facilities
tions, lease, and maintenance costs; and related supplies, travel, and
This program provides for the construction and erection of tele-
services.
scopes and research facilities, and the construction of facilities for
Administrative Services
administrative, operations, and maintenance support of visitors and
Administrative services encompass financial and administrative
staff activities on Kitt Peak and at the headquarters complex in
support activities such as accounting, budgeting, contracts, shipping
Tucson. The program includes site improvement projects and the up-
and receiving, personnel, legal, and travel arrangements, general pho-
grading of roads and utilities. In FY 1974, $24,000 was budgeted for
tographic services, library services, printing and duplication, equip-
road improvements and expansion of the water catchment system on
ment rental, utilities and communications and related supplies.
Kitt Peak.
Equipment
CERRO TOLOLO INTER-AMERICAN OBSERVATORY (CTIO)
The Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) was estab-
The equipment program provides auxiliary instrumentation for
lished in the Republic of Chile, South America, for the purpose of
telescopes, scientific research equipment, computer hardware, and gen-
making available a visitor-oriented astronomical research facility in
eral observatory equipment such as furnishings, vehicles and machine
tools.
the Southern Hemisphere to the U.S. scientific community. The facil-
ity includes the following telescopes: a 1.5-meter general purpose re-
Management Fee
flector, and a 92-centimeter, a 61-centimeter and two 41-centimeter cas-
The management fee is a fixed amount paid to AURA, under terms
segrain reflectors. In addition, there is on loan from the University
specified in the contract between AURA and the NSF, to cover corpo-
of Michigan a 61-centimeter-aperture Schmidt telescope that has been
rate expenses incurred in the operation and management of CTIO.
used continuously since 1967. In late FY 1974 the 1.0-meter reflector of
Construction of Buildings and Research Facilities
the Yale University Observatory will be installed on Cerro Tololo
to share the observing burden of the 1.5-meter telescope. The new 4-
This program provides for the construction of buildings for tele-
meter reflector, identical to the recently dedicated 4-meter Mayall
scopes and research facilities, and of facilities for administrative, op-
Telescope on Kitt Peak, Arizona, will become fully operational in
erations and maintenance support of visitors and staff on Cerro Tololo
FY 1975. This large telescope will enable CTIO to carry forward new
and at the headquarters in La Serena. The program includes site im-
investigations of nebulae, quasars, pulsars and remote extragalactic
provement projects and the upgrading of roads and utilities. In FY
1973, construction was begun on modifications to the technicians' dorm-
objects.
itory on Cerro Tololo and on the vehicle shop expansion in La Serena.
Stellar and Planetary Astronomy
Erection of the prefabricated houses budgeted for in FY 1973 will
The stellar and planetary astronomy program consists of research
begin in early FY 1974. In FY 1974 CTIO will initiate construction
activities associated with observations of astronomical objects in the
of an astronomers' dormitory annex on Cerro Tololo and an instru-
southern skies. Many of these objects, including certain nearby star
ment and maintenance shop and additional staff housing in La Serena.
clusters, peculiar galaxies, the Southern Milky Way, the Magellanic
NATIONAL RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY
$20,500,000
60
61
The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) is a widely
NCAR's principal scientific programs are:
dispersed establishment of facilities for research in radio astronomy.
Participation in the Global Atmospheric Research Program
The central offices, laboratories, library, and computing center are
(GARP), including the development of mathematical models of
located in Charlottesville, Virginia, for the most part on the grounds
the global atmosphere required for extending weather prediction
of the University of Virginia. The principal observing station, with a
laboratory building and residence hall, is in a valley near Green Bank,
capability to periods of up to two weeks, and for improving the
understanding of climate; participation in GARP field experi-
West Virginia, remote from sources of electromagnetic noise. Three
major radio telescope systems are operated at this location a 300-foot
ments such as the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE),
meridian transit telescope; a 140-foot fully steerable telescope; and a
scheduled for the summer of 1974 to study atmospheric charac-
teristics in the tropics; and development of observational and
radio interferometer consisting of three 85-foot telescopes with a port-
able 45-foot telescope for remote operations. A 36-foot millimeter-
data-handling techniques required for GARP experiments sched-
uled later in the decade.
wave telescope requiring a dry atmosphere for minimum absorption
of radio waves is located on Kitt Peak, near Tucson, Arizona. A major
Investigations of the physics of clouds and precipitation. This
research provides the scientific basis for the National Hail Re-
new radio telescope designated the Very Large Array (VLA) is under
construction on the Plains of San Augustin near Socorro, New Mexico.
search Experiment (NHRE), a five-year (1972-76) experiment
The objective of NRAO is to provide advanced facilities for the use
sponsored by the Foundation's program of Research Applied to
of the scientific community in the pursuit of research in radio
National Needs to increase our knowledge of hailstorms, and to
test the feasibility of suppressing the formation of damaging hail.
astronomy.
Study of the sun's atmosphere, the solar wind, and the impact
Scientific Research Support
of solar events on the earth's atmosphere.
The NRAO facilities are available to any qualified scientist or grad-
Investigation of (1) global air quality, (2) factors affecting the
uate student with an approved research project to be conducted, inde-
climate, and (3) chemistry and dynamics of the upper atmosphere.
pendently or in cooperation with NRAO staff members. Telescope ob-
Instrumentation and logistic support to atmospheric scientists is pro-
serving time is allocated on the basis of the scientific merits of the
vided by:
proposed research and the availability of the telescopes. Visitors are
The Research Aviation Facility, located at the Jefferson County
assigned at least 60 percent of the available observing time and NRAO
Airport, which operates and maintains aircraft and instrumenta-
staff the remainder. During FY 1973, 210 visiting scientists, including
tion required for airborne experiments.
64 students, used the NRAO telescopes. They came from 44 U.S. and
The Field Observing Facility, located at Marshall, Colorado,
12 foreign institutions.
which provides radars and other specialized field research instru-
mentation.
Construction of Research Facilities
The Computing Facility, located in the main NCAR labora-
The construction of the Very Large Array (VLA) will continue
tory at Boulder, which provides computers, software and pro-
in FY 1975 with the objective of providing radio astronomers with an
gramming support to scientists.
advanced instrument capable of overcoming observational barriers in
The National Scientific Balloon Facility (NSBF) at Palestine,
radio astronomy. Major construction elements in progress are the an-
Texas, which provides support for research requiring the use of
tenna system, antenna transporters, site development, rail network,
high-altitude balloons.
electronic systems, and computer system.
Investigations of the Earth's Atmosphere
Management Fee
The objectives of this program are (a) to improve the accuracy of
NRAO is operated by Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI) under
weather predictions on time scales from several hours to several weeks,
a cost-reimbursable contract. AUI is paid a management fee to defray
(b) to enhance the ability to modify the weather to prevent damage
corporate expenses incurred by performance of the contract but not
caused by severe storms, (c) to enable long-term climatic predictions,
directly related to work under the contract.
and (d) to develop a better understanding of natural and induced
NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
$17,900,000
changes in the atmospheric environment.
The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) has two
Solar Physics and Solar-Terrestrial ffects
primary objectives:
The objective of this program is to define the relationship among the
To plan and conduct, in cooperation with universities and other
solar atmosphere, the interplanetary medium, and the upper atmos-
scientific organizations, atmospheric research programs requiring
phere of the earth. The emphasis of the program is on the study of the
large scale coordinated efforts and facilities beyond the capabili-
lower solar atmosphere, the solar corona, and the interplanetary solar
ties of single university departments.
wind, and on the processes that control the output of solar wind
To provide facilities and logistic support to the atmospheric
plasma, ultraviolet radiation, and energetic particles.
sciences programs of universities.
31-373 O 74 5
62
63
Facility Operation and Development
Defense Education Act of 1958. The purpose of this program is to
The NCAR Research Aviation Facility provides the atmospheric
promote the dissemination of scientific information and to help scien-
scientific community with airborne platforms and allied services of
tists and others obtain and use the results of worldwide scientific re-
systems and instrumentation development, engineering, testing, and
search. This goal is pursued by supporting activities whose results can
evaluation that are required for observing, measuring, and recording
be applied to improve and extend science information services pro-
atmospheric conditions.
vided by Government agencies, scientific societies, colleges and univer-
sities, and private organizations. Support is limited to projects of
Postdoctoral Education and Special Studies
national significance that cannot be successfully conducted by private
The principal objective of this program is to bring university scien-
organizations without Federal support.
tists in contact with atmospheric science and to facilitate the develop-
General objectives of the program are:
ment of joint NCAR-university research programs. The program con-
Development and dissemination of knowledge and new tech-
sists of approximately 20 one-year postdoctoral appointments under
niques essential for continuous improvements in science informa-
which scientists from various disciplines develop research projects in
tion services, including their assessment by cost/benefit criteria.
the context of NCAR research activities. Also included in this activ-
Achievement of intersystem compatibility and increased effi-
ity are educational and research seminars and a short-term appoint-
ciency among major science information systems.
ment program for scientists visiting NCAR for periods shorter than
Development of improved means for retrieving quantitative and
four months.
factual data.
Administrative and Research Support Services
Development and demonstration of more effective ways of help-
ing scientists and others use information made available through
This activity provides for all management and research support
present systems.
services, including the salaries of administrative personnel rent plant
Expansion of international exchange of new scientific knowl-
and equipment maintenance; communications; utilities; and informa-
edge and improvement in access to foreign science results by U.S.
tion services.
scientists.
Management Fee
These objectives result from an analysis of past priorities and results
The management and operation of NCAR is accomplished by the
of the Science Information Activities program and from user require-
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) under the
ments expected to arise later in this decade. New programmatic and
terms of a contract between UCAR and the Foundation. A manage-
organizational structures have been established within the Office of
ment fee of $340,000 is paid annually to UCAR.
Science Information Service (OSIS) in line with the revised objec-
NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC BALLOON FACILITY
($1, 070, 000)
tives. Coordination of science information activities in this country
and relationships with international science information organizations
The National Scientific Balloon Facility (NSBF) is managed
also are being guided by these objectives.
and operated under contract by the University Corporation for
RESEARCH
Atmospheric Research (UCAR) as part of the National Center for
$3,500,000
Atmospheric Research. Funding for this facility is included in the
The research program contributes new tested knowledge for use by
total funding for NCAR.
organizations in improving their present science information programs
The objective of the National Scientific Balloon Facility is to pro-
and for developing new services. This progam is the only major source
vide ballooning support to scientifists requiring observations from
of support in the United States for research on science information
high altitudes in such fields of science as aeronomy, infrared and
problems. Specific research objectives are to support experimental ap-
optical astronomy, and high energy astrophysics. The facility is lo-
plications of technology for long-range improvements of science in-
cated at Palestine, Texas. The present staff consists of 43 full-time
formation systems; to seek cost-effective ways of advancing network-
scientists, engineers, technicians, and administrative personnel.
ing and interconnections among systems; to develop innovative science
4. SCIENCE INFORMATION ACTIVITIES
$8,500,000
information services required to meet users' needs in future years; to
provide a theoretical framework that will contribute to more system-
Authorization, fiscal year 1975
atic applications and improved services; and to provide data on the
Research
$3,500,000
National Information Systems
2,300,000
costs and benefits and trends in science information supply and demand
User Support
2,200,000
relationships. Research results also provide bases for orderly develop-
Foreign Science
300,000
ment of the National Information Systems and User Support Pro-
grams.
Total
8, 300, 000
NATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
The Science Information Activities program is administered by the
$2,300,000
National Science Foundation under the provisions of the National Sci-
This program seeks to improve the operation of existing systems
ence Foundation Act of 1950, as amended, and Title IX of the National
for gaining access to the literature of science and technology and for
locating and retrieving specific quantitative data obtained in research.
64
65
Objectives of its literature-oriented activities are to promote intercon-
The objective of this program is to increase access to foreign science
nections, increase operational efficiency, and reduce the overlap among
information among U.S. scientists by supporting U.S. participation
Federal and private systems in their coverage of the world's literature.
in cooperative international science information programs and by
With completion of automation of major abstracting and indexing
serving as the focal point for such activities by U.S. government and
services, emphasis has shifted to reduction of gaps and overlaps among
private groups.
major science information systems and to creation of efficient ways of
In FY 1974, the program supported U.S. participation in
exchanging information among them.
UNESCO's UNISIST program, the Federation of International
Introduction of improved methods for identifying and retrieving
Documentation, and the Abstracting Board and the Committee on
specific data, such as "tagging" them at the time of publication, is a
Data for Science and Technology of the International Council of
principal objective of the program's data-oriented activities. Another
Scientific Unions. Also supported were cooperative science informa-
objective is to foster management policies and procedures for im-
tion activities with U.S.S.R. information centers and distribution of
proved and more economical access to data.
translations of foreign reports in the United States.
USER SUPPORT
$2,200,000
5. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE SCIENCE ACTIVITIES
$8,000,000
By concentrating on the needs of interests of users, in contrast to
those of the originators or distributors of information, the User Sup-
Authorization, fiscal year 1975
Cooperative Science Programs
port program seeks ways to increase the application of available knowl-
$5,600,000
Scientific Organizations and Resources Programs
1,700,000
edge and to reduce the cost of delivering it to users. Two broad ap-
International Travel
500,000
proaches are being used (1) identification of new user groups for
Support for Special Foreign Currency Projects
200,000
existing services; and (2) testing the purchasing appeal of new or mod-
Total
ified services for both new and existing user groups. An expanded
8, 000, 000
user-paying base for services is expected to increase revenues for serv-
The Foundation's international cooperative science programs sup-
ices and allow the services to further test potentially more useful ways
port U.S. scientists who (1) participate in research and exchange
of providing information with their own funds.
activities with scientists of other nations; (2) plan, organize, and
The program includes four types of sequentially related activities.
participate in the activities of international scientific unions and orga-
First are studies to establish a planning base for improved manage-
nizations; (3) attend and present reports on their scientific research at
ment of Federal and private science information services and to guide
international meetings; and (4) visit and conduct research in foreign
future development of the User Support Program. Activities include:
laboratories.
data collection to determine information user needs, interests, and
The primary goal of the program is to foster international coopera-
preferences; studies and critical reviews of knowledge on how pur-
tion in basic and applied research. Specific objectives are to (1) pro-
chase decisions are made with respect to information services; and
duce new knowledge and encourage its application to human needs;
studies of technical and economic barriers to adoption of improve-
(2) strengthen international cooperative programs through support
ments in science information services. Second, design and develop-
of leading U.S. institutions and scientists; (3) support maximum
ment studies are undertaken to translate research results into usable
interchange of information between U.S. scientists and their foreign
approaches for overcoming barriers to more efficient and effective use
colleagues; and (4) contribute to the advancement of U.S. foreign
of scientific and technical information services. Examples of activity
policy interests. This program includes support for increased partici-
are studies and demonstrations of the economic feasibility of ways of
pation by United States scientists in international cooperative science
improving local access to literature identified through national biblio-
activities related to the solution of energy problems in the United
graphic information retrieval systems and methods of extending com-
States.
puter-based information retrieval services to occasional users. Design
COOPERATIVE SCIENCE PROGRAM
$5,600,000
and development studies may lead to innovative new programs spon-
The objectives of these cooperative activities are to produce new
sored by industry, non-profit, Federal science information services,
knowledge, exchange information, provide U.S. scientists with oppor-
or user groups, as well as to proposals for further demonstrations and
tunities to work on unique problems, and reduce the costs to the
experiments supported by NSF. Third, experiments and demonstra-
United States of attacking global scientific problems. These programs
tions are carried out to evaluate promising innovations in user services
all serve our national policy of strengthening international coopera-
which cannot be implemented until technical or economic uncertainties
tion through scientific research.
are reduced or eliminated. Included are experiments and demonstra-
This program includes cooperative research projects, seminars, and
tions of user-controlled publications and new information services for
exchange of scientists with 18 countries. The Foundation serves as
users in industry. Finally, the program supports applications efforts
Executive Agency for bilateral research and exchange programs with
designed to stimulate the adoption and use of innovations in services
Argentina, Australia, Brazil, the Republic of China, France, Hun-
to users, especially those developed with NSF support.
gary, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Romania, and Spain, and supports
FOREIGN SCIENCE
$300,000
67
66
U.S. scientists in their efforts to develop scientific programs with the
This program provides funds to enable U.S. scientists to attend in-
U.S.S.R. The National Academy of Sciences' exchange programs with
ternational conferences, visit foreign laboratories to conduct research,
the Academies of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
participate in international cooperative programs, and exchange
Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia are also funded by the
information.
Foundation. The exchange of scientists program initiated between the
The objectives of the program are to obtain information that will
National Academy of Sciences and the Science and Technology Asso-
advance research efforts in the United States, enable U.S. scientists
ciation of the People's Republic of China is also included in this pro-
to discuss their research efforts in international scientific gatherings,
gram. The Foundation provides partial funding to support U.S. and
and advance the education, leadership and experience of individual
P.R.C. scientific delegations. The U.S.-Spain Cooperative Science
U.S. scientists.
Program is supported with funds transferred to the Foundation by
SUPPORT FOR SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROJECTS
$200,000
the Department of State.
This program also provides support for the planning and develop-
This program provides dollar supplement grants to U.S. institutions
involved in cooperative projects in special foreign currency countries.
ment of cooperative activities with other countries in the energy
R. & D. field. These efforts include visits by individuals and task forces
Examples of costs incurred by U.S. institutions that cannot be paid
with U.S.-owned excess currency are (1) cost of reducing data col-
to foreign laboratories; international conferences and seminars in-
volving technical experts; and technological surveys, studies and
lected overseas; (2) purchase of small, but essential, expendable scien-
tific instruments and equipment; (3) international travel to excess cur-
related services.
rency countries whose governments do not permit the use of their
SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS AND RESOURCES PROGRAM
$1,700,000
funds for travel; and (4) costs incurred in the administration of for-
International nongovernmental scientific organizations advance
eign currency grants and contracts.
science by facilitating communications among the world's scientists.
6. RESEARCH APPLIED TO NATIONAL NEEDS
$139,100,000
Important mechanisms for developing communications include the
organization of meetings; establishment of standards; planning and
Authorization, fiscal year 19751
coordinating and, in some cases, providing facilities for carrying out
Energy Research and Technology
88,700,000
international research programs; and the rendering of scientific
Environmental Systems and Resources
21,200,000
advice, on request, to intergovernmental organizations. This program
Advanced Technology Applications
13,400,000
provides funds to support U.S. participation in international organi-
Social Systems and Human Resources
12,100,000
zations, chief among which is the International Council of Scientific
Exploratory Research and Problem Assessment
3,700,000
Unions (ICSU), together with its 17 member unions. A large share
Total
$139, 100, 000
of the funds goes to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) which,
1 Amounts indicated for individual categories reflect relative percentage cuts based on
through various U.S. National committees, is the U.S. adhering mem-
the overall reduction of $9.8 million. These are not binding on NSF which may make such
ber to ICSU and all but one of its affiliated unions. The program also
adjustments as it deems appropriate.
supports the membership of the NAS in the International Institute
The Foundation's program of Research Applied to National Needs
for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), a multinational nongovern-
(RANN) is designed to focus U.S. scientific and technical resources
mental institution supported by 13 industrialized nations to study
on selected problems of national importance, with the objective of
problems of modern societies. The Institute applies systems analysis,
contributing to their practical solution. An important purpose of
computer technology, and modern management techniques to the solu-
RANN in this process is to shorten the lead time between the dis-
tion of societal problems.
coveries of science and their application in meeting the Nation's needs.
The objectives of this program are to ensure that:
Thus RANN provides a key bridge between the Foundation's basic
U.S. scientific interests are represented and defended in inter-
research and education programs and the development and operating
national organizations,
programs of the Federal mission agencies and other important ele-
U.S. scientists participate and maintain a leadership role in
ments of the user community, including State and local governments
these organizations,
and private industry.
The U.S. scientific community is informed of the results of the
The principal emphasis of the RANN program currently is placed
organizations' activities, and receives maximum benefit from U.S.
upon three major problem areas. These are Energy, the Environment,
participation, The Federal Government has available to it useful studies rele-
and Productivity. These problems are complex and interrelated. They
involve all aspects of our society and require focused interdisciplinary
vant to important international scientific and technological
research efforts to provide the knowledge base required for their
organizations and issues.
solution. Indeed, the interdependence of such major national problems
U.S. scientists and institutions are adequately informed on
as energy production, environmental quality, and increased produc-
progress made in other countries toward an alleviation of the
tivity requires the application of the full interdisciplinary capability
worldwide energy problem.
of the best scientific and technical skills of the nation if sound overall
INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL PROGRAM
$500, 000
66
67
U.S. scientists in their efforts to develop scientific programs with the
This program provides funds to enable U.S. scientists to attend in-
U.S.S.R. The National Academy of Sciences' exchange programs with
ternational conferences, visit foreign laboratories to conduct research,
the Academies of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia are also funded by the
participate information. in international cooperative programs, and exchange
Foundation. The exchange of scientists program initiated between the
The objectives of the program are to obtain information that will
National Academy of Sciences and the Science and Technology Asso-
advance research efforts in the United States, enable U.S. scientists
ciation of the People's Republic of China is also included in this pro-
to discuss their research efforts in international scientific gatherings,
gram. The Foundation provides partial funding to support U.S. and
and advance the education, leadership and experience of individual
P.R.C. scientific delegations. The U.S.-Spain Cooperative Science
U.S. scientists.
Program is supported with funds transferred to the Foundation by
SUPPORT FOR SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROJECTS
the Department of State.
$200,000
This program also provides support for the planning and develop-
This program provides dollar supplement grants to U.S. institutions
ment of cooperative activities with other countries in the energy
involved in cooperative projects in special foreign currency countries.
R. & D. field. These efforts include visits by individuals and task forces
Examples of costs incurred by U.S. institutions that cannot be paid
to foreign laboratories; international conferences and seminars in-
with U.S.-owned excess currency are (1) cost of reducing data col-
volving technical experts; and technological surveys, studies and
lected overseas; (2) purchase of small, but essential, expendable scien-
related services.
tific instruments and equipment; (3) international travel to excess cur-
SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS AND RESOURCES PROGRAM
rency countries whose governments do not permit the use of their
$1,700,000
funds for travel; and (4) costs incurred in the administration of for-
International nongovernmental scientific organizations advance
eign currency grants and contracts.
science by facilitating communications among the world's scientists.
Important mechanisms for developing communications include the
6. RESEARCH APPLIED TO NATIONAL NEEDS
$139, 100,
organization of meetings; establishment of standards; planning and
Authorization, fiscal year 1975
coordinating and, in some cases, providing facilities for carrying out
international research programs; and the rendering of scientific
Energy Research and Technology
Environmental Systems and Resources
88,700,000
advice, on request, to intergovernmental organizations. This program
21,200,000
Advanced Technology Applications
13,400,000
provides funds to support U.S. participation in international organi-
Social Systems and Human Resources
12,100,000
zations, chief among which is the International Council of Scientific
Exploratory Research and Problem Assessment
3,700,000
Unions (ICSU), together with its 17 member unions. A large share
Total
of the funds goes to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) which,
$139, 100, 000
through various U.S. National committees, is the U.S. adhering mem-
1 Amounts indicated for individual categories reflect relative percentage cuts based on
the overall reduction of $9.8 million. These are not binding on NSF which may make such
ber to ICSU and all but one of its affiliated unions. The program also
adjustments as it deems appropriate.
supports the membership of the NAS in the International Institute
The Foundation's program of Research Applied to National Needs
for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), a multinational nongovern-
(RANN) is designed to focus U.S. scientific and technical resources
mental institution supported by 13 industrialized nations to study
on selected problems of national importance, with the objective of
problems of modern societies. The Institute applies systems analysis,
contributing to their practical solution. An important purpose of
computer technology, and modern management techniques to the solu-
RANN in this process is to shorten the lead time between the dis-
tion of societal problems.
coveries of science and their application in meeting the Nation's needs.
The objectives of this program are to ensure that:
Thus RANN provides a key bridge between the Foundation's basic
U.S. scientific interests are represented and defended in inter-
research and education programs and the development and operating
national organizations,
U.S. scientists participate and maintain a leadership role in
programs of the Federal mission agencies and other important ele-
ments of the user community, including State and local governments
these organizations,
and private industry.
The U.S. scientific community is informed of the results of the
organizations' activities, and receives maximum benefit from U.S.
The principal emphasis of the RANN program currently is placed
participation,
upon three major problem areas. These are Energy, the Environment,
The Federal Government has available to it useful studies rele-
and Productivity. These problems are complex and interrelated. They
vant to important international scientific and technological
involve all aspects of our society and require focused interdisciplinary
organizations and issues.
research efforts to provide the knowledge base required for their
U.S. scientists and institutions are adequately informed on
solution. Indeed, the interdependence of such major national problems
progress made in other countries toward an alleviation of the
as energy production, environmental quality, and increased produc-
worldwide energy problem.
tivity requires the application of the full interdisciplinary capability
of the best scientific and technical skills of the nation if sound overall
INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL PROGRAM
$500,000
68
69
solutions are to be found. RANN provides a unique Federal capability
for identifying, developing, and supporting research on problems re-
Advanced Automotive Propulsion.-Research to increase engine fuel
quiring the interdisciplinary research approach. This capability is
ticular attention given to non-equilibrium combustion phenomena.
economy and cycle efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions, with par-
being, and will be brought to bear on the major problems of Energy,
the Environment and Productivity, as summarized below. Following
utilizing conventional energy resources (e.g., coal) and for environ-
Energy Resources.-Research to develop methods for effectively
this summary, there is a brief description of the important activities
mentally managing new resources (e.g., shale deposits) and to inves-
in the areas of Technology Assessment and New Initiatives, Program
tigate secondary and tertiary petroleum extraction methods.
Management and Research Utilization, and Program Planning and
Energy and Fuel Transportation.-Research to improve the trans-
Evaluation.
ENERGY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
$88,700,000
tion site through investigations involving techniques of control and
portation of all forms of energy from production source to consump-
The Nation has the urgent need to achieve energy self-sufficiency.
reliability, as well as through research on superconducting and elec-
There is a wide range of potential technology combinations that will
trically insulating materials. Research will also be carried out on the
help achieve this goal. It is necessary in selecting combinations to
transportation of fuels, such as hydrogen and methanol.
provide a measure of insurance against technical and cost uncertain-
The NSF Energy Research and Technology program is described in
ties. For this reason, an extensive mix of technologies has been selected
detail in the following sections.
for acceleration. The NSF Energy Research and Technology program
Solar Energy
contains the following complementary approaches to the Nation's
The inexorable depletion of the fossil fuel reserves on which modern
goal of energy self-sufficiency:
Solar Energy.-A comprehensive research effort has been established
civilization depends and the environmental impacts associated with
to provide the full technology base for widespread utilization of the
their use make crucial the development of alternative energy sources.
sun's. energy in a manner that is non-polluting and is socially as well
The objective of the national Solar Energy Research Program is to
as economically acceptable. With growing momentum since FY 1971,
develop, at the earliest feasible time, the full technology base for those
the Foundation has supported solar energy research to provide a solar
applications of solar energy that can be made economically competi-
alternative for the Nation's energy future. Although the full impact
tive and environmentally acceptable as alternative energy sources. An
of solar research will not be visible in the short range, the economic
intensive study by leading industry, university, and government ex-
viability of several important applications (e.g., heating and cooling
perts has identified the highest priority opportunities for the exploi-
of buildings, wind energy conversion, and bioconversion to fuels)
tation of solar energy. Solar energy can be used to generate electric
can be proven in the next five years. By the year 2000 it is reasonable
power, to heat and cool buildings and to produce renewable supplies
of clean hydrocarbon fuels. Six phased research subprograms cover-
to expect that terrestrial applications of solar energy could contribute
ing these three areas of application are presently underway. It is
from 15 percent to 30 percent of the Nation's total energy requirement.
important to recognize that each of the subprograms can make a sub-
Geothermal Energy.-In concert with the Atomic Energy Commis-
stantial contribution to the realization of the full potential of solar
sion and the Department of Interior, a coordinated effort will be
energy. These subprograms which are described in detail in subse-
mounted to harness the earth's heat as a major, alternative energy
quent sections are:
resource. An aggressive research effort is designed to develop the full
(1) Heating and Cooling of Buildings.
technology base to stimulate the installation by private industry of
(2) Solar Thermal Conversion.
tens of thousands of megawatts generating capacity by the middle of
(3) Wind Energy Conversion.
the next decade. This would save on the order of 1,000,000 barrels of
(4) Bioconversion to Fuels.
oil daily. Achievement of geothermal energy production goals for the
(5) Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion.
generation of electricity by the turn of the century would save from
(6) Photovoltaic Energy Conversion.
3,000,000 to 6,000,000 barrels of oil daily and could simultaneously
conserve energy by utilizing geothermal heat for non-electric purposes,
Heating and Cooling of Buildings
such as space heating and air conditioning.
Approximately twenty-five percent of the energy consumed in the
Energy Conversion and Storage.-Research in this program area
United States is used for heating, cooling and supplying the hot wa-
has many important facets. It is focused on determining the feasibil-
ter needs of buildings. The overall objective of this program is to
ity of developing new and improved energy storage technologies in-
establish the full technology base for the widespread availability and
cluding superconducting magnetic storage and sodium sulfur bat-
utilization of solar energy systems to help meet the heating and cool-
teries. To increase the efficiency of electric generating plants, investi-
ing needs of all types of buildings in all of the climatic regions of the
gations will focus on magnetohydrodynamics electrical generation,
United States to the degree that such applications can be made eco-
topping and bottoming cycles and combined cycles.
nomically viable and socially and environmentally acceptable. To
Energy Systems.-Studies to acquire, through systems analysis, a
accomplish this objective, a balanced program of advanced research,
knowledge base for assessing alternative energy system and public
periments will be carried out.
as well as a series of subsystems tests and system proof-of-concept ex-
policy options to provide the most effective use of energy resources.
70
71
Solar Thermal Conversion
Nation's current gas and oil requirements could be provided by means
The objectives of the NSF Solar Thermal Conversion program are
of these systems. However, the extent to which these projections can
to prove the technical and economic feasibility of solar thermal conver-
be fulfilled will depend upon the amount of space available for bio-
sion systems, and to provide the full technology base by the mid 1980s
mass production and the economy of energy farming practices and
for load following electric energy generation applications and electri-
of systems to convert organic material to useful fuels. Major problems
cal and thermal service applications for various types of communities
to be solved include increasing biomass growth rates and yields,
including Federal installations. To accomplish these objectives, major
devising economical means of biomass harvesting and processing, and
efforts will be aimed at:
improving the efficiencies and reducing the cost of various conversion
Design, fabrication, integration, and one-year test of a 10 MWe
processes.
central receiver experiment with the output from this plant integrated
This research program is aimed at developing the technology for
into a private utility power grid.
biomass conversion plants of up to 1000 tons/day capacity as well
Complete design, fabrication, integration, and one-year test of a
as high-yield energy crop producing facilities by the middle of the
200 KWe, 2 Mwth solar total energy system providing electrical and
next decade. Major sources of waste organic matter such as agricultural
thermal service to a new civilian community or Federal base installa-
and logging residues and urban solid wastes will be examined as
tion.
feedstocks for energy conversion processes. Proof-of-concept conver-
An Advanced Research and Technology subprogram that will in-
sion experiments will be carried out to verify the technologies for
clude research on alternative concentrator-collectors, thermal transfer
these processes. In addition, the goal has been established to show
and storage subsystems; and deployment of instrumentation to moni-
tor the direct solar and circumsolar radiation in the southwest United
the technical feasibility of the production of hydrogen by photo-
States. Also included is research on selective absorber and reflector
synthetic and biochemical methods in the same time period.
coatings, second generation system application analysis, and fabrica-
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
tion of very high temperature (1500 degrees F) experimental receiver/
The basic objective of the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion pro-
storage components.
gram is to establish the technical and economic viability of large-scale
Wind Energy Conversion
ocean experiments capable of converting ocean heat into significant
The key deterrent to expanded use of large wind power systems in
quantities of electrical energy. Associated with such experiments are
the U.S. in this century has been the relatively high cost of these sys-
the additional options of producing protein, plant-life, minerals, and
fresh water.
tems. Several systems of 100 KW to 1.25 MW were built in the 1930s
Research carried out under this program will permit us to move
through the 1950s, and while proving technical feasibility, they were
from the current feasibility and conceptual design studies into the
ultimately uneconomical in the marketplace of that era. Small, farm-
design of a proof-of-concept experiment which could be on line in the
type systems also became uneconomical after rural electrification pro-
early 1980s. This will be accomplished by:
vided cheap and reliable power. The technological developments of the
Emphasizing advanced research leading to design and fabri-
past twenty years in such fields as materials, helicopter technology,
cation of system components that represent reasonable advances
automatic controls, and computer modeling have not been systemati-
in existing technology.
cally applied to wind systems because of the availability of inexpensive
Establishing requirements for the design and construction of
power from other sources and problems associated with the short-term
suitable test facilities (both shore-based and sea-based) and under-
variability in the wind. In this era of energy shortage, however, ad-
taking the testing of candidate components and subsystems.
vanced wind power systems, which will take advantage of these new
developments have the potential of providing for domestic use sig-
Conducting system optimization studies and subsystem experi-
ments on energy delivery systems for transmitting the output of
nificant amounts of non-depletable, non-polluting energy.
ocean thermal plants to energy consumers.
The objective of this research program is to expedite the develop-
Conducting environmental assessment studies, especially with
ment of the technology for economically viable wind energy conversion
regard to possible impacts of thermal redistribution.
systems suitable for large-scale utilization.
The program provides for advanced research and technology to re-
Commencing the design of a 10 Mwe-near shore proof-of-
concept experiment.
duce cost (and cost uncertainty) per unit performance, and for a
phased set of experiments through systems proof-of-concept to estab-
Photovoltaic Energy Conversion
lish the full technology base for widespread utilization of cost-effective
wind energy conversion systems.
Conversion is to develop the full technology base for low-cost, long-
The general objective of research efforts on Photovoltaic Energy
Bioconversion to Fuels
lived, reliable photovoltaic systems suitable for a variety of terrestrial
Bioconversion to Fuels system offers the potential of converting
applications including the generation of electricity for buildings and
central power systems. Research efforts will continue to focus on
replenishable supplies to clean hydrocarbon fuels (biomass) to energy
achieving the following specific objectives:
in various forms. Estimates indicate that significant amounts of the
Complete research on, and undertake proof-of-concept experi-
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ments which give promise of reducing by a factor of ten solar
mental problems associated with the development of such reservoirs;
array production costs (presently about $50 per peak watt) and
and (3) unsolved technical problems and economic uncertainties con-
to establish the technology by the latter half of this decade.
cerning the utilization of geothermal energy in an environmentally ac-
Conduct a focused research effort on advanced fabrication tech-
ceptable matter. The purpose of the NSF program is to accelerate
nologies for photovoltaic devices that show a potential for a factor
solutions to these problems.
of one hundred or greater reduction in production costs; and con-
The long range goal of the NSF Geothermal Energy research pro-
duct proof-of-concept experiments of this advanced technology
gram is to provide the full technology base for the cost effective com-
in the first half of the next decade.
mercial production of tens of thousands of MW of electrical power
Conduct systems and applications studies to identify suitable
from domestic resources by the middle of the next decade. This could
proof-of-concept experiments of cost-effective photovoltaic energy
save on the order of 1,000,000 barrels of oil per day. The correspond-
State-of-the-art silicon cells have received significant research sup-
conversion systems.
ing geothermal energy production capabilities should exceed 100,000
MWe as we move into the next century, with equivalent daily oil
ment of the technology for single-crystal ribbon and polycrystalline
port in the past and show strong promise for cost reduction. Develop-
savings of from 3,000,000 to 6,000,000 barrels. Important contribu-
tions to conservation goals can also be achieved by utilizing geother-
thin-film silicon solar cells, and thin-film devices from a variety of
mal heat and associated fluids for non-electric purposes, such as space
other promising semiconductor materials, such as CdS and Ga As, will
heating and air conditioning, production of minerals, and desalination
also require research. The most promising photovoltaic devices will be
of brines.
carried into the proof-of-concept experiment phase.
Program objectives leading to this goal are: (1) research to provide
To achieve the general and specific research objectives of the NSF
necessary technological advances to improve significantly the eco-
Photovoltaic Energy Conversion program, the expertise developed in
nomics of geothermal power production, (2) establishment of small
earlier and on-going research must be utilized. This is being under-
experimental systems and testing facilities to allow research and ex-
taken through close collaboration with numerous government labora-
periments that cover the spectrum of potential geothermal resources,
tories, such as the NASA-Lewis Research Center, the Jet Propulsion
(3) research to expand our knowledge of recoverable reserves of geo-
Laboratory and Goddard Space Flight Center. A number of private
thermal energy, and (4) analysis to provide carefully researched
industries are currently participating in the program and it is expected
policy options needed to resolve growth-inhibiting environmental,
that more will be included in FY 1975.
legal, and institutional problems.
Agencies participating in the Federal Geothermal Energy effort
Geothermal Energy
After 70 years of growth, geothermal energy has just recently be-
include the Atomic Energy Commission, the U.S. Geological Survey
and the Bureau of Reclamation, as well as NSF. The efforts of these
come a small but viable contributor to U.S. energy supplies. However,
its development must be greatly accelerated if it is to meet urgent
agencies follow a closely coordinated, integrated program to provide
maximum exploitation of this valuable resource. Other agencies will
domestic needs on a significant scale.
Geothermal energy utilization began on an industrial scale in Italy
participate in the program as special program requirements dictate.
in 1904 when electricity was first produced at the Larderello field
The NSF geothermal research is composed of the following pro-
south of Florence. Today, approximately 400 MWe is being generated
gram elements: (1) Resource Exploration and Assessment; (2) Envi-
ronmental, Legal, and Institutional Research; (3) Resource Utiliza-
in Italy and slightly more than 1000 MWe in the world, including 400
MWe at the Geysers in the U.S. Geothermal energy has been exten-
tion Projects and (4) Advanced Research and Technology. The
specific objectives of each program element are summarized below.
sively used for municipal heating in Iceland since the 1930's and to a
very much smaller extent in the United States.
RESOURCE EXPLORATION AND ASSESSMENT
Many who have studied the total U.S. geothermal resource have
compared its potential favorably with that of present U.S. oil and
Improve geophysical, geochemical, geological and hydrological
gas reserves. The theoretical energy recovery in cooling a cubic mile
techniques necessary for locating and evaluating geothermal resources.
of granite from 300 to 100 degrees C is sufficient to supply all the U.S.
Develop better methods for predicting the power potential and
requirements for one week. All of the readily exploitable geothermal
longevity of geothermal reservoirs.
resources are located in the less populated western third of the U.S.,
Provide research support to the U.S.G.S. national survey program
but development could have considerable impact on providing the
with regional assessments of geothermal resource potential.
power requirements of large load centers. For instance, the Imperial
Valley in California has been estimated to be capable of sustaining
ENVIRONMENTAL, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH
a generating capacity of as much as 100,000 MWe for 50 years. The
Evaluate waste disposal control technology and surface and subsur-
principal problems which appear to be inhibiting the growth of geo-
face environmental effects of geothermal development.
thermal energy utilization in the U.S. are: (1) a lack of confidence on
Improve the national capability to prepare environmental impact
the part of energy industries in geothermal reservoirs as a reliable,
statements for key government geothermal projects.
long-term supply of energy; (2) institutional, legal, and environ-
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Identify social, legal, and economic problems associated with geo-
temperature on the environment have been recognized and solutions
thermal development, both locally and regionally, for policy develop-
to the problem continue to be an integral portion of the heat transfer
ment, and evaluate the socio-economic framework of commercial utili-
and fluid mechanics work in waste heat management studies.
zation of geothermal resources.
Energy Systems
RESOURCE UTILIZATION PROJECTS
The Energy Systems program element is an interdisciplinary
undertaking in which all aspects of energy (technology, environ-
Prove the technology for economic production of electric power
mental, economic, societal, regulatory, and legal) are assessed and
from geothermal systems while meeting environmental standards.
analyzed. The purpose is to improve systematically our knowledge of
Provide improved operational understanding of geothermal reser-
alternative energy systems and public policy options which will pro-
voir engineering and management and potential of different classes
vide the most effective uses of energy to meet our national needs. The
of geothermal reservoirs.
NSF/RANN Energy Systems program is an integral part of the Fed-
Provide improved understanding of geothermal power plant design
eral energy program and is coordinated with and supportive of the
and operating characteristics.
long-range needs of the Federal Energy Office, AEC, EPA, FPC,
Provide experimental test beds for use by industrial, university and
DOI and other Federal, State, and local agencies of government.
Federal. laboratories in component testing and evaluation.
Principal research objectives are to:
Involve industry engineers, analysts, technicians, and managers in
Develop comparative analyses of the potential of current and
field and power plant development to expedite early industrial exploi-
advanced energy resources (e.g., gasified coal, oil shale, tar sands,
tation of advanced geothermal technology.
solar, geothermal, etc.), to analyze the most promising longer-
Develop a cadre of trained and experienced geothermal engineers
range research opportunities, and to offer alternative research and
and technicians.
utilization priorities.
Identify areas of energy consumption and devise conservation
ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
technologies and strategies.
Resolve major technical problems inhibiting the fullest practical
Select energy systems to optimize use of energy resources.
commercial utilization of U.S. geothermal resources, including prob-
Create the methodological base for the analysis of public policy
lems in: drilling in hostile geothermal environments; well logging
options to provide inputs to Federal, State, and local decision
makers.
techniques and instrumentation; behavior of reservoirs under produc-
tion conditions; extraction of geothermal fluids from the subsurface;
Energy Resources
efficient conversion of heat in geothermal fluids to electric power; and
At present, an energy problem exists because of the expanding
monitoring environmental effects due to geothermal production.
demand for and depletion of domestic supplies of fuel. For exam-
Energy Conversion and Storage
ple, projections show that the annual consumption of oil will be
The objective of the Energy Conversion and Storage Program is to
8.1 billion barrels per year by 1980. The U.S. production capacity
develop methods for storing energy and for converting it into its most
can not increase to meet the increased demands with present tech-
useful forms. On the storage side, research on advanced battery tech-
nology and secondary recovery methods. A significant portion of our
nology, useful in both automotive propulsion and electric utility ap-
oil reserves can not now be economically recovered. However, it
plication, is supported. Feasibility of storage in superconducting
appears that the problem could be alleviated by use of tertiary oil
magnets is also studied. On the conversion side, investigations of mag-
recovery techniques in existing fields or by development of an economic
neto-hydrodynamics (MHD) are supported to increase efficiency of
oil shale process. On the other hand, coal is readily available in the
electric generating plants.
eastern and western portions of the U.S. and represents a resource
Present energy requirements are being fulfilled primarily through
from which large, clean, economical supplies of gas and oil may be
combustion of fossil fuels. Projections that show the substitution of
obtained. The NSF Energy Resources program element supports re-
alternative resources, such as nuclear, still require a significant frac-
search projects in advanced coal technology which emphasize the
tion of our energy requirements to be provided by combustion through
fundamental and innovative aspects of coal conversion technology
the year 2000. The National Science Foundation will place primary
consistent with our environmental safety, water availability, and land
emphasis on focused research to increase the efficiency of current sys-
use requirements. An effort will also be initiated in FY 1975 to per-
tems by going to higher temperatures, adding topping and bottoming
form focused research on more efficient and innovative methods of oil
cycles, and by use of combined cycles. The detailed understanding of
recovery from existing fields as well as from oil shale reserves.
combustion processes will be pursued, since this can have a major im-
Because of the obvious interest in and immediate potential for
pact on our ability to maximize energy release and burn fuels which
coal utilization, NSF program activities will be closely coordinated
are not now generally acceptable from an environmental impact point
of view. This research will complement programs under the OCR and
industry. with Department of Interior and other Federal agencies and private
AEC and will be coordinated with their efforts. The adverse effects of
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77
Advanced Automotive Propulsion
To assess the effects on the environment of energy production
In 1969, it was recognized that achievement of ambient air quality
and use;
goals in the U.S. would require a major reduction, of emissions of air
To identify, analyze, and encourage the development of alterna-
pollutants from automobiles. Since the internal combustion engine
tive solutions to important regional environmental problems;
operates at a low overall energy conversion efficiency and gasoline
To modify severe and destructive weather for man's benefit and
is in increasingly short supply, there is a need for advanced research
To measure amounts and assess effects of trace contaminants in
to provide the basis for improving overall automative power plant
the environment in order to establish a basis for their control.
performance through understanding of the physics and chemistry
Environmental ffects of Energy
of the principal phases of combustion. Although extensive engine
The objective of this program is to develop the scientific knowledge
development work is underway in manufacturing firms and other
base needed to help in efforts to reduce conflicts between increased
Federal agencies, too little attention has been given to providing the
underlying research base for improvements in operating efficiency
energy production and environmental quality. Alternative means will
be sought to reduce the environmental impacts of energy extraction,
and reduction of noxious emissions.
NSF initiated such a program in the latter half of FY 1974, with
generation, and consumption. Emphasis is placed on environmental
the objective of acquiring an understanding of basic fuel combustion
effects susceptible to new control technology, as well as on indirect
and energy conversion processes as they relate to the design of en-
environmental consequences of energy extraction, transportation, and
gines with greater efficiencies (while maintaining low air-polluting
use.
emissions), thus lowering demand for gasoline. A successful effort
Specific objectives of this program are to
could raise heat engine energy conversion efficiency-which now ranges
Analyze environmental contaminants and land use consequen-
from 20 percent (10 percent-15 percent installed) to 30 percent-
ces of energy resource extraction.
Evaluate environmental effects and develop criteria for siting
to a level as high as 45 percent by 1980, with a proportionate poten-
tial increase in vehicle fuel economy. Basic knowledge is also needed
to minimize effects of fuel processing, central power stations,
in the areas of alternative fuel properties and materials to achieve
and other conversion facilities.
fuel economies in practical engines while retaining desirable char-
Analyze the environmental effects of alternative uses of energy
acteristics such as low emissions, starting, and drivability.
for transportation and industrial productivity.
This program is being implemented primarily in the university
This program is based on RANN environmental research initiated
community. It provides an opportunity to utilize to the fullest extent
in FY 1973 in Trace Contaminants Program, the Weather Modifica-
the body of scientific expertise (thermo-chemistry, combustion and
tion Program, and the Regional Environmental Systems Program
detonation, materials research, etc.) that has been developed over
which is directly applicable to environmental effects of energy genera-
the years in support of the Nation's aerospace efforts and focuses
tion. This on-going research amounts to $1.0 million in FY 1974
this capability on advanced automotive combustion and propulsion
in direct support of the program objectives and contributory to the
research. This effort is closely coordinated with research supported
national energy program. Additional research on environmental man-
by other government agencies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
agement supported in other RANN programs is relevant to energy
use and provides further support to achieve the objectives of the En-
and Department of Transportation) and industry.
vironment Effects of Energy Program. The research planned for
Energy and Fuel Transportation
FY 1975 has been closely coordinated within the agency and with the
The objective of the energy and fuel transportation program is to
AEC, DOI, and EPA. Continuing coordination will be carried out
improve transport of energy in all forms from production sources to
to achieve national energy goals.
consumption sites. This research includes methods of planning trans-
Environmental research on the effects of extraction, processing, and
mission and distribution systems, techniques of control of distribution
consumption of energy will target primarily on impacts of coal and
and generation to optimize system utilization, and techniques for relia-
oil shale extraction. coal conversion to gas or liquid fuel, oil and gas
bility and security determination. Innovative research on power trans-
transport and refining in coastal areas, and industrial processes and
mission technology involves: superconducting and electrically insulat-
transportation changes as they may effect land use. These investiga-
ing materials, new uses of circuit breakers, and research on electrical
tions will emphasize pollutant pathways, effects, and controls, as well
breakdown. Transportation of fuels by pipeline and by bulk shipment
as ecosystem management options for minimizing ecological effects.
in novel forms such as hydrogen and methanol also are investigated.
The central focus of this program is on providing the knowledge
This program is closely coordinated with the Department of In-
needed for the implementation of the Federal Energy Program with
terior, the AEC, and the Electric Power Research Institute.
minimal environmental consequences and the effective dissemination
to Federal, State, and local agencies, industry, and the public.
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS AND RESOURCES
$21,200,000
Regional Environmental Systems
The Foundation's program of Environmental Systems and Resources
supports research focused on environmental problems and has the fol-
Research on Regional Environmental Systems is designed to en-
hance man's ability to deal effectively with regional environmental
lowing objectives:
31-373 74 6
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problems. The program is focused on specific regional environments
and energy use in metropolitan and megapolitan areas, by agricultural
within the context of overall societal goals. Research in this program
element is user-oriented and is designed to produce information of
and strip mining areas, and by large power generation facilities. The
NSF/RANN role in weather modification is coordinated with the pro-
value to the planning and management of regions or natural resources,
grams of other Federal agencies through the Interdepartmental Com-
including energy, with maximum benefit and minimal environmental
mittee for Atmospheric Sciences.
disruption. Accordingly, there is a substantial and continuing coordi-
nation effort and information exchange between investigators and
The major objectives of the Weather Modification program element
are:
Federal agencies, State and local governments, and industry.
To more fully evaluate the impact of weather on man, especially
The objectives of this program element are to:
in a technology-oriented, highly industrialized society such as that
Define specific environmental problems, including those unique
of the U.S., and to develop the full scientific base necessary for
to a geographic region (coastal zones), those arising from re-
successful weather modification applications.
source development (land use), and problems arising from com-
To develop the operational predictive models and statistical
peting human activities;
methods and measurement systems which are essential to accurate,
Inventory policy and management alternatives that can serve
short-time evaluation of weather modification events, both
as mechanisms to implement possible solutions;
advertent and inadvertent.
Identify resources impacted and ecosystems affected by de-
To develop the tools and techniques for performing weather
grading change SO as to predict consequences of alternative strate-
modification research through proof-of-concept experiments.
gies to correct environmental problems;
To carry out selected, comprehensive, goal-oriented weather
Evaluate economic and legal consequences of management
modification research projects, such as the National Hail Research
mechanisms for solving environmental problems;
Experiment (NHRE) and the Metropolitan Meteorological
Synthesize alternatives from environmental, economic, and
Experiment (METROMEX).
social information; and
The major objectives of the two comprehensive projects are:
Evaluate alternatives in terms of retaining environmental
NHRE: To prove the concept of cloud seeding as a method
quality, economic productivity, strong interregional relationships,
suppressing the damage due to hail at a cost that is small com-
and equitable distribution of costs and benefits.
pared to the damage alleviated.
Major research efforts encompass studies on the environmental
METROMEX: To delineate the extent to which and the mecha-
aspects of the following three program activities:
nisms whereby a metropolitan area changes its regional weather.
Land Use Allocation.-Objectives are to develop methods for
assessing environmental consequences of regional and local land use
Environmental Aspects of Trace Contaminants
decisions and land use consequences of environmental management
The Trace Contaminants program element is concerned with the
strategies; to develop and evaluate selected technologies for land use
environmental consequences arising from mining, manufacturing, use,
planning; and to evaluate institutional mechanisms for controlling
and disposal of selected metallic and synthetic organic compounds.
land use and managing growth.
The program is principally committed to determining the levels of
Coastal Zone Management.-Goals are to provide alternatives to
potentially or overtly toxic trace substances in the environment; as-
avoid undesirable effects of waste discharges, dumping, and dredging
sessing the effects of these levels on man, animal, and plant communi-
estuaries; to devise improved management strategies for ecologically
ties; and relating these findings to methods of control. A close com-
important coastal wetlands; and to provide the basis for wise planning
munications relationship exists between investigators, producers of in-
for human intrusion into coastal zones.
dustrial wastes, and officials in the Council on Environmental Quality,
Urban/Rural Environmental Management.-Objectives are to
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the Envi-
analyze the urbanization process as it creates environmental changes;
ronmental Protection Agency.
to evaluate the planning for, and consequences of, development activ-
The objectives of this program element are to
ities such as residential and industrial siting, transport nets, utility
Identify and quantify contaminants resulting from agricultural
routes, and open space preservation; to devise and evaluate alternatives
and mining operations, and the manufacture, use and disposal
for disposal of urban, industrial and agricultural wastes with least
of products and byproducts;
insult to urban/rural ecology.
Develop new, and improve existing techniques in analytical
chemistry specifically applicable to the above objective;
Weather Modification
Describe through modeling and field validation, contaminant
The major goal of the Foundation's Weather Modification Program
transport pathways accounting for change in the quantity, chem-
is, through research, to prove the concept of weather modification
ical structure, and toxicity of compounds caused by passage of
knowledge as a tool to address societal needs. Of particular concern is
time, differing physical conditions, and the degrading of modify-
the alleviation of damage due to certain weather hazards such as hail,
ing actions of bacteria and other biological influences;
drought, lightning, and highway fog. Of associated concern is the im-
Assess the potential for damage to ecosystem communities, pop-
pact of inadvertent weather modification brought about by pollution
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ulations, and biological species (including man) along the con-
As this research base is advanced and new technology developed, it
taminant flow paths;
will be necessary to devise improved methods for making the fire pro-
Identify and analyze legal and economic incentives (or disin-
tection community aware of the progress and to encourage coopera-
centives) which contribute to environmental pollution by chem-
tive experimentation in order to upgrade experimental systems. Efforts
ical contaminants; and
will continue to emphasize the development of projects related to the
Design and develop through research novel approaches to de-
direct needs of the fire services, including new and improved fire
contamination technology, and identify the costs and benefits of
equipment technology.
alternative abatement strategies.
This work is not only designed to improve engineering practices but
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS
$13,400,000
is also aimed at developing the information needed to bring building
code standards and specifications into line with public safety expecta-
The major objectives of the Advanced Technology Applications
tions. The program is under continuous review to insure there is a
Programs are to accomplish the following through aggressive highly
quick and appropriate response to emerging problem areas.
focused research.
In addition to the high technology orientation of research efforts
Develop earthquake engineering technology to make it possible
supported under this program, the Foundation, in FY 1975, plans to
to design and construct buildings and other structures that can
undertake studies on the socio-economic responses to natural hazards.
better withstand the forces of earthquakes with reasonable eco-
Technological Opportunities
nomic costs.
Develop advanced industrial processing technology, to increase
The objective of this program element is to support research in care-
índustrial productivity, including enzyme technology and other
fully selected areas of highly promising technological innovations with
concepts such as new industrial automation techniques.
particular attention to increased productivity. The research activities
Increase the speed and cost-effectiveness of underground ex-
in this element are: Advanced Industrial Processing; Excavation
Technology; and Instrumentation Technology.
cavation processes.
Advance the technology for new instruments to diagnose and
SOCIAL SYSTEMS AND HUMAN RESOURCES
$12,100,000
treat diseases, to improve accuracy and efficient measurement of
The RANN program in Social Systems and Human Resources
processes, and to enhance production of goods and services.
Improve understanding of the socio-economic consequences of
(SSHR) supports research which focuses on increasing the effective-
policy decisions on land use and other issues in relation to disas-
ness of policies and programs dealing with selected urban and human
ters and natural hazards to aid in emergency planning and tech-
service problems at the Federal, State, and local government levels.
The program has three principal objectives:
nology applications to these problem areas.
Transfer technology to the appropriate user community.
To identify, analyze, and contribute knowledge to improve
productivity in the public sector.
Disaster and Natural Hazard
To identify, analyze, and evaluate more effective, efficient, and
The purpose of this program element is to support research to ad-
equitable ways to delivering human services; and
vance the technology to reduce the losses caused by hazards and dis-
To develop the data base and analytical techniques required for
asters such as earthquakes, fires, and other large-scale phenomena.
improving applied research on municipal systems and human
These hazards cause direct loss of billions of dollars of property and
service delivery.
thousands of lives each year, and untold losses caused by the disrup-
The following specific criteria are used to evaluate proposed re-
tion of normal community functions.
search prior to its support:
This research is focused on such issues as techniques for building
The research must address significant productivity problems in
earthquake resistant structures and learning how strong earthquake
the public sector and have the potential to provide a significant in-
ground motions act upon all types of structures and their contents.
crease in usable knowledge beyond that already available;
These efforts range from studies on small structures such as elevators
The research must be directly useful in assisting national, state,
and retaining walls to dams, high rise buildings, and entire utility
or local decision makers in solving problems in public sector
productivity.
service systems.
The fire research efforts focus on understanding the process of com-
The research should contribute, where practicable, to advancing
bustion for various materials; the fire spread mechanisms; and the
the state-of-the-art of social policy analysis; and
methods for extinguishing fires. Attention is also given to the model-
The costs of the research are the minimum required to carry out
ing of fire propagation, the effectiveness of fire-fighting systems, and
all research, utilization, and dissemination activities effectively.
the deleterious effects of smoke. Research to improve the detection and
Social Systems and Human Resources is subdivided into four ele-
suppression of fires is also supported. The NSF effort complements
ments: Municipal Systems and Services; Human Resources and Serv-
the role of NBS through a closely-coupled cooperative arrangement.
ices; Social Data and Evaluation; and Public Regulation and Eco-
The NSF effort provides the university research base that is needed
nomic Productivity. This program is developed and managed through
in many areas important to the NBS and the fire protection
extensive coordination with the other Federal agencies and state and
community.
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local governments which can benefit from analysis which cuts across
on technology, and, most importantly, on the major social choices now
several mission responsibilities. This is accomplished through both
facing the nation on organization of the national economy. From a
the SSHR panel of the RANN coordinating committee and extensive
public policy perspective, these productivity problems are addressed
day-to-day contact with program officials in the other agencies. In ad-
through choices made by Federal, State, and local regulatory commis-
dition, detailed coordination on research tasks is made possible through
sions. There is a growing awareness of the commonality of economic
the use of solicitation techniques and pre-review of solicitations by
problems and issues faced by regulators, despite vast differences in
cognizant agencies.
their statutory authority and methods. Because of their independence,
Municipal Systems and Services
autonomy, and specialized missions, regulatory bodies have limited
The objectives of this program element are to
capability to carry out research on, and capitalize upon these common
Provide knowledge which will help improve the use of existing
features, even though an identification of common issues might pro-
municipal resources and improve the effectiveness of municipal
vide a vital broader perspective from which the merits of various
governments in delivering public goods and services;
alternatives can be assessed, and their activities made more consistent.
Evaluate attractive applications of new urban technologies,
This program has been established in response to the expressed research
with emphasis on the ways in which social and technical systems
needs of these agencies.
can best be joined; and
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND PROBLEM ASSESSMENT
$3,700,000
Evaluate the benefits and costs of alternative organizations and
The program of Exploratory Research and Problem Assessment
institutional mechanisms for coping with the problems of munici-
(ERPA) provides RANN with needed flexibility and responsiveness
pal governments.
to initiate studies on selected problems that have potential for major
Human Resources and Services
national impact. This permits the continuing development of new and
The objectives of this program element are to
innovative research approaches to important societal problems not
Find more effective, efficient, and equitable means to deliver
being addressed elsewhere in RANN or in other agencies. Gaps in the
services consumed directly by individuals or groups of individuals;
spectrum of existing research relevant to national needs are approached
Furnish data on the match between the demand for and supply
through problem assessment and definition studies and through ex-
of human services;
ploratory research projects. As projects or programs develop in
Produce information and analyses required for the develop-
ERPA, steps are taken to transfer responsibility to other major
ment and evaluation of social programs and policies.
RANN programs or elsewhere for sustained research. ERPA under-
Programs are designed and implemented at many different levels of
takes both to stimulate the focusing of research on recognized national
government to provide social services to the same individuals and
problems and to develop new approaches and perspective on longer
groups. NSF research is designed to evaluate the combined effective-
range or poorly defined problems.
ness of these programs. In areas such as legal services, for example,
The basic objectives of the program of Exploratory Research and
the amount of basic and applied research has been relatively small,
Problem Assessment are to
and major opportunities exist for effective innovations.
Define and assess emerging societal problems to determine the
potential applications of scientific and technical research to deal
Social Data and Evaluation
with them;
Research objectives are to develop the data base and evaluation
techniques needed to carry out more effective applied research in mu-
Support exploratory research on selected problems to bring
them to the stage where they are suitable for a major research
nicipal and human service delivery systems. In addition, this program
effort in RANN or in another Federal agency;
element supports analysis of alternatives for the implementation and
Define and assess the primary and secondary societal impacts
utilization of the results of applied social research.
of applications of new or modified technologies; and
Public Regulation and Industrial Productivity
Ensure that ERPA research results are fully reported and dis-
The objectives of this program are to
seminated to appropriate policy and decision makers and to the
Evaluate the effects of public sector economic regulation on in-
appropriate scientific community.
dustrial productivity and organization and
Technology Assessment
Provide information and analysis to Federal, State, and local
Technology assessment includes the systematic study of the effects
regulatory bodies and industry to increase the overall social effec-
on society that may occur when a technology is introduced, extended
tiveness and equity of alternative regulatory instruments.
or modified, with special emphasis on the impacts that are unintended,
Publicly regulated industries now account for 12 percent of the
indirect and delayed. The assessment of a technology should attempt
GNP. They are a fast-growing sector of the economy (150 percent in-
to anticipate and evaluate the impact-physical, biological, social,
crease since 1950). The interactions between regulated industries and
economic and behavioral-of a new technology on all sectors of society.
the unregulated sector have large impacts on industrial productivity,
Technology assessment can contribute to the generation of public
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policy options to assist in the management of technology and can
annually in this program. These institutions enroll virtually all of the
provide input to important decision-making processes.
Nation's science graduate students and most of the undergraduates.
Practically all institutions offering science programs of substantial
Selected Research Topics
quality are included among the recipients.
The processes of problem definition and assessment have identified
The grants are designed to support institutional initiative and
four principal topics of societal and national need which have par-
autonomy, by giving campus administrators a necessary measure of
ticularly high priority. For each of these, a research approach has
control over their programs of research and education, enabling them
been designed to assess existing knowledge, to develop a research
to meet emergency situations and to take advantage of opportunities.
agenda, to encourage and support novel exploratory projects and to
They furnish freedom from rigid budgets and sometimes can be
build programmatic and institutional relations for transfer of research
"spent" several times, in that commitments backed up by the grants are
results and ultimately program elèments to responsible users.
often later covered by other funds.
Universities find the funds especially valuable for small research
New Problems and Projects
The flow of research ideas to RANN is increasing, and support in
grants to new Ph.D.'s who have recently joined their faculties, for
addition to the targeted programs is essential to give attention to
summer support of research by graduate students, and for continuance
innovative approaches to societal problems. This program element
of research experiments during lapses in outside funding.
makes possible a flexible response to new ideas in the scientific com-
The object of the expenditure varies with the type of institution.
munity and the stimulation by RANN of initial problem definition
Doctoral institutions spend a larger share of their funds for support
and exploration on promising topics for future development as prob-
of personnel (faculty, students, technicians, visiting lecturers, etc.)
lem focused research thrusts. Such problems may pertain to any of
and for renovation of facilities and computer operations than do
the major social systems-e.g., education, transportation, health or
undergraduate and Master's level institutions. Undergraduate col-
leges-including those with Master's programs-use the funds to re-
communications.
place outmoded laboratory instruments, to provide research experience
7. INTERGOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE PROGRAM
$1,000,000
for science majors preparing to enter graduate schools, to fill gaps in
The Intergovernmental Science program has the mission of aiding
science libraries, to employ and retain able faculty members by pro-
State and local governments to increase their capability to employ
viding them with research opportunities, and to meet many kinds of
science and technology effectively. The program is a continuation of
special local needs. About two-thirds of the expenditures of these
earlier work and plays a significant role in understanding and analyz-
institutions are for equipment, overwhelmingly instructional
ing the implications of New Federalism policies for science and
apparatus.
technology. The objectives of the Intergovernmental Science program are to:
INSTITUTIONAL GRANTS FOR RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
IMPROVEMENT
Improve the capacity and capability of user institutions for
$3,000,000
defining their research and technology needs and seeking ways of
The Research Management Improvement program is concerned
facilitating the application of research to civil sector problems;
with the improvement of research management procedures and prac-
Promote and strengthen Federal-State-local government and
tices at institutions that receive considerable (more than $1 million/
private sector research and utilization relationships;
year) Federal support for research. Funds from this program enable
Stimulate development of public and private sector user capa-
the institutions to appraise their current management situations, to
bility to implement RANN research results.
develop innovative managerial methods and procedures, and to test
8. INSTITUTIONAL IMPROVEMENT FOR SCIENCE
$10,000,000
and evaluate the effectiveness of the methods and procedures devel-
oped. The program encourages institutions to examine the manage-
Authorization, fiscal year 1975
ment problems that arise as a consequence of Federal requirements for
Institutional Grants for Science
$7,000,000
research grant/contract administration and to devise solutions to these
Institutional Grants for Research Management
3,000,000
problems. As part of these activities the program also supports work-
10,000,000
shops and conferences for the discussion of research management
Total
problems and for the dissemination of information that will help solve
INSTITUTIONAL GRANTS FOR SCIENCE
$7,000,000
such problems.
The Institutional Grants for Science Program provides annual
In FY 1973, obligations of Federal funds for research, both basic
grants for discretionary use by U.S. colleges and universities. The
and applied, at universities and colleges and at other nonprofit insti-
grants are intended to help maintain quality in academic science at
tutions, were $2.76 billion. Thus, if the obligations continue at the
those institutions that have demonstrated strength in this area. More
present level, the Government will invest nearly $30 billion in research
than one-fourth of the Nation's colleges and universities participate
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at these institutions over the next 10 years. The Research Management
Improvement program was initiated in FY 1973 in order to achieve
advantaged ethnic minorities and which have been the most produc-
better management of these funds. A wide response to NSF's an-
tive in awarding advanced degrees in the sciences. Minority Institu-
nouncement of the program and to the first call for proposals resulted
tion Graduate Traineeships offer help in a tangible way to highly
in 157 proposals, requesting $16 million, from about 135 research insti-
capable students attending historically minority institutions to ad-
vance their scientific careers on the basis of their own capability
tutions of higher education.
rather than on a basis otherwise limited by financial resources. Both
NSF is the only Federal agency providing funds to enable univer-
types of traineeships provide for three years of support.
sities, colleges, and nonprofit research institutions to analyze current
problems related to the administration of Federally supported re-
FY 1975 GRADUATE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM
$9,700,000
search resources and activities and to develop, test, and evaluate alter-
For FY 1975, about, 500 new awards will be offered for a period of
natives to existing management procedures. The techniques that
three years, subject to the availability of funds, to individuals who
emerge from this program are expected to bring about increased
by the Fall of 1975 will be beginning graduate students or will have
productivity and greater cost effectiveness for the millions of dollars
completed no more than a year of graduate work. The second and
designated for Federal research at many institutions.
third years of the award will be approved by the Foundation upon
9. GRADUATE STUDENT SUPPORT
$13,200,000
certification by the fellowship institution of the student's satisfac-
tory progress toward an advanced degree in science. Awardees will
Authorization, fiscal year 1975
be required to activate their fellowships not later than the Fall term
Graduate Fellowships
$9,700,000
following receipt of the award, but will be permitted to use the re-
Graduate Traineeships
2,000,000
maining two years of support within the following four years. This
Postdoctorals
1,500,000
will enable them to engage in other activities approved by their insti-
Total
13,200,000
tutions that contribute to their training and goals. For example, an
individual could interrupt his formal training for a meaningful work
The primary objective of Graduate Student Support is to assure
experience in industry and, on his return to graduate school, modify
that at least a modest number of the Nation's most talented graduate
his academic program to accommodate a newly discovered, specific
students in the sciences obtain the education necessary to become a
career objective. Or he could take a teaching assistantship for a year
cadre of first-line researchers needed by our technologically-based so-
or two and then activate the fellowship for the purpose of writing
ciety. Accordingly, the Graduate Fellowship Program focuses on the
his dissertation.
highest ability graduate students across all fields of science. Another
A stipend of $3,600 for each of the three years is provided to the
objective is training of scientific and engineering manpower specifi-
Graduate Fellow. There are no allowances for dependents. The U.S.
cally to help meet the Nation's energy problems. The Energy Related
universities that they attend receive a cost-of-education allowance
Traineeships and Postdoctorals support this objective.
of $3,000 per annum. The stipend is prorated in the case of awards for
The Graduate Fellowship Program is the only sizable program-
an academic year rather than a full twelve months.
Federal or otherwise-available over the broad spectrum of the sci-
Fellows attending U.S. universities receive their stipends directly
ences in which the Fellows are selected solely on the basis of ability in
from the universities they choose to attend. Beginning in FY 1974,
a national competition. Since only about one of every 12 applicants is
the Foundation instituted formal agreements with these universities
selected for an award, the Fellows represent the very best of the
and issued task orders to cover payments in behalf of groups of
baccalaureates produced by our colleges and, thus help to set stand-
specific students. Funds are obligated as each task order is issued,
ards of academic excellence at the universities where they carry out
and a task order remains in effect for the support of the Fellows
their graduate training. In addition to those receiving fellowships,
named therein who have unused tenure until the funds are exhausted.
several thousand applicants each year, to whom NSF is unable to
The Graduate Fellowships are aimed at supporting the very best
offer awards, are accorded honorable mention. In this way, the com-
graduate students, irrespective of fields or career goals. However, the
petition achieves a leverage in the identification of scientific talent that
graduate fellows have high potential for contributing to the future
goes far beyond the number of individuals actually supported under
solution of the Nation's problems including energy.
the program. Their inclusion on the honorable mention list assures,
TRAINEESHIPS AND POSTDOCTORALS
for many individuals, alternative awards (teaching assistantships,
$3,500,000
university fellowships, etc.) without which they would be unable to
NSF in its lead role in the Federal government activities for train-
undertake graduate study.
ing energy R&D manpower plans to support activities at both the
In FY 1974, Energy Related Graduate Traineeships were awarded
graduate level and at two and four-year college levels.
to doctoral-granting institutions which were significantly involved
Energy Related Graduate Traineeships
in energy-related research in the areas of (a) coal and oil shale. (b)
Energy Related Graduate (ERG) Traineeships were initiated in
solar energy, and (c) geothermal energy. Also, in FY 1974 trainee-
FY 1974 to help meet the Nation's emerging needs for scientific and
ships were awarded to a limited number of colleges and universities
which historically have provided educational opportunities to dis-
professional manpower especially trained in energy-related work by
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bringing about an increase in the number of qualified individuals who
Make effective use of the processes and results of science
focus their graduate studies on energy-related problems. In FY 1974,
in their work and personal lives whether or not they are en-
$2.6 million in support was provided for grants funded for a three-
gaged in scientific or technical occupations; and
year period. A new cycle of three-year grants totaling $1.8 million will
Understand public issues involving science and technology.
be awarded in FY 1975 to augment this approach to the scientific man-
To improve the effectiveness and efficiency of science educa-
power training aspects of the national energy program. Specific dis-
tion through the application of
ciplinary and topical areas to be supported in FY 1975 will, in great
Improved programs involving modern educational tech-
measure, be determined on the basis of experience gained under the
nologies;
FY 1974 program, but it is anticipated that environmental work di-
New instructional strategies and methodologies; and
rectly related to energy processing will be included. Quality of train-
Knowledge gained from research on the processes of learn-
ing provided and perceived research needs will continue to be empha-
ing and education.
sized in the selection of universities for support.
To find ways to increase the impact and effectiveness of the
Energy Related Postdoctorals
Foundation's Science Education Improvement Activity through
This activity also provides $1.4 million to assist in providing ex-
research and problem assessment which can point to necessary
perience in energy-related work and research to approximately 100
future program directions.
postdoctoral scientists and engineers. This aspect of the program can
IMPROVEMENT OF EDUCATION FOR CAREERS IN SCIENCE $33,700,000
be regarded as scientific manpower conversion or re-focusing. The
addition of this program element reflects an effort to obtain quickly the
The central objective of this subactivity is to help assure an ap-
necessary specialists, the Ph.D.'s being already more thoroughly
propriate variety, flexibility, quality, and number of professional,
scientific and technological manpower, with greater use of the talent
grounded in the basic work than are graduate students.
The recipients of these postdoctoral awards will be chosen individ-
of women and ethnic minorities. To accomplish this objective NSF
ually on the basis of their academic accomplishments and their po-
supports science education efforts in the five programs listed in the
tential contribution to the research areas being pursued. The
table above. These efforts are addressed not only to the problem of
participants selected will receive stipends which will allow them to
maintaining the quality of training in the traditional science dis-
undertake up to a year of research and/or other training to either
ciplines, but also to the development of new instructional patterns and
refocus or further develop their competence to contribute to R. & D.
new instructional programs, single- or inter-disciplinary, leading to
efforts directed at energy problems.
a wider variety of scientific and technical career options for individ-
The energy related activities as a whole-including both graduate
holders. uals ranging from secondary school graduates to graduate degree
student and postdoctoral components-contribute to both an imme-
diate and a longer term national requirement for scientists and engi-
Within the several programs of this subactivity the Foundation
neers with special training and interest in the Nation's energy
plans to continue activities which are energy-related. These energy-
related activities will include research training for undergraduate
problems. For FY 1975 $3.2 million is planned specifically for energy-related
students, research participation for college and university faculty,
programs compared with $2.6 million for FY 1974, the latter limited
the development of courses, curricula and degree programs for under-
to graduate students only.
graduate and graduate students, and continuing education activities
10. SCIENCE EDUCATION IMPROVEMENT
$68,900,000
for scientists and engineers already in the labor force. In addition an
add-on of $1,400,000 will be used to support technician education in
Authorization: fiscal year 1975
selected energy-related areas. It will also include support for visiting
$33,700,000
foreign scholars whose expertise in energy-related sciences is needed
Improvement of Education for Careers in Science
Improvement of Education for Scientific Literacy
20,600,000
to improve instruction in U.S. colleges and universities in this critical
13,600,000
area.
Increasing Effectiveness of Educational Processes
Problem Assessment and Experimental Projects
1,000,000
Secondary School Program
Total
68,900,000
The primary objective is improvement of science courses and cur-
The major objectives of the NSF Science Education Improvement
ricula offered at the secondary school level to give high school students
the best possible foundation for science or technology related careers.
Program are:
To help assure the Nation of an appropriate variety, flexibility,
Since not all persons entering careers in technology require bac-
quality, and number of scientific and technological manpower
calaureate degrees, yet all need appropriate skills in mathematics
with greater participation of minorities and women.
and science, considerable flexibility in preparation of high school
To improve science education to meet the needs of a broader
students is required. Objectives of the program include:
range of students and to increase substantially the number of
For students who will not go beyond high school, development
of course materials attractive to a significant fraction of the en-
persons who:
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rollment which foster acquisition of problem-solving skills rather
Stimulating the generation of new modes of instruction and
than provide training for specific jobs.
delivery systems, such as those based on modular materials, and
For students who will go to college, development of materials
determining means for introducing viable ones into the existing
which represent alternatives to conventional discipline-oriented
system of higher education both economically and effectively.
curricula, are presented in flexible format, are appropriate for
Reducing the time lag in introducing the results of energy-
individualized study and deal with real world problems.
related research and development in foreign countries directly
Application of relevant educational technology to increase the
into the educational program of colleges and universities;
efficiency and effectiveness of the educational process.
Assisting on a limited scale test implementation of significant
Reduction of required teacher reorientation.
instructional improvements;
In view of the major turnaround achieved in FY 1974, consolida-
Enabling selected faculty to match post-secondary science edu-
tion and extension of these changes will be the objective for FY 1975.
cation with real world challenges and constraints as exemplified
The program for FY 1975 will be centered largely on the compo-
in nonacademic laboratories.
nent of Materials and Instructional Development. The second compo-
Overall, this program element aims at maintaining existing
nent, Institutional Improvement Implementation, will be focused on
strengths in college and university level science education, while at the
dissemination of information about materials to key decision-makers
same time encouraging a closer matching of academic training with
in the schools, and to developing leadership capacity for their imple-
the broadened range of scientific functions needed in society today.
mentation.
Supported projects are directed towards a form of higher education
aterials Development, Testing, and Evaluation.-Approximately
that prepares a cadre of scientific manpower more flexible in their
$500,000 of the amount planned for this program will provide for the
subject matter usage than has been typical in the past, and better pre-
continuation of development projects, including:
pared to work in interdisciplinary situations.
A senior high school interdisciplinary science course, modular
In Fiscal Year 1975, the Foundation will again focus on the joint
in nature and suitable for self-paced or individualized study;
problems of increasing the versatility of students and enhancing their
Resource and teachers' centers (3) in mathematics and science.
problem-solving skills. Along these lines, a major part of the Founda-
An estimated $500,000 will be required for initiation of the new
tion's effort in Fiscal Year 1974 was aimed at projects producing sci-
projects designed to help develop problem solving skills and introduce
ence and engineering modules, on writing problem-oriented sequences,
students to interesting applications which are understandable to that
and on working with systems amenable to individualization of instruc-
age group;
tion. Building on this, the Fiscal Year 1975 program w.ill continue
Two junior high-level mathematics curricula, providing alter-
such directions, and, because of progress made, begin to examine trial
natives to the current mathematics and aimed specifically at ap-
implementation where appropriate.
plications in mathematics to science and technology;
Five basic lines of activity characterize this program element: 1)
An interdisciplinary mathematics/science course for senior
Development of Instructional Materials and Modes, 2) design and im-
high school which develops testable solutions to real-world prob-
plementation of prototype Alternative Degree Programs, 3) proto-
lems;
type program for technician and technologist education, 4) partial
Two modular or unitized interdisciplinary high school courses
support of instructional scientific equipment necessary for a new or
in the behavioral-social sciences.
improved instructional program, and 5) additional training through
Improvement Implementation.-To foster the effec-
practical research experience for science faculty members.
tive use of new materials, about 15 projects will be supported to inform
Development of Instructional Materials and Modes.-High priority
school system decision-makers about alternative curricula and to de-
will be given to creating flexibly formatted learning units and mate-
velop leadership for local implementation of the new course materials.
rials suitable for multi-purpose application. Considerable attention
will be placed on completing a minimal block of prototype modules in
Alternatives in Higher Education
biology, physics, and other basic science disciplines which can be used
Recognizing that current scientific and technological manpower
as core units in a variety of different technician education curricula.
needs evolved and are different from those of the 1960's, the Alterna-
The development of modules in significant problem areas, such as en-
tives in Higher Education program element has as its objectives:
ergy, public, policy, and economics, will be pursued as will projects
Developing and testing packages of educational materials in
science, at both the baccalaureate and graduate levels, that deal
opment/dissemination. examining self-supporting mechanisms for subsequent module devel-
with areas of societal need;
Materials development workshops, instituted by the Foundation in
Creating and evaluating degree programs and instructional se-
Fiscal Year 1974, will continue to apply the expertise of college
quences that respond to student interests, increase the diversity
faculty to the generation of classroom-ready materials and in the test-
of the scientific manpower pool, and enable the graduates of
ing and adaptation of new modes of science instruction for subse-
these programs of instruction to participate in solving the science-
quent implementation. A funding level of $700,000 is expected to main-
based problems of the Nation, such as the development of alterna-
tain an impact-producing number of projects, assuming that the mate-
tive sources of energy.
rials produced have the anticipated fan-out leverage.
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93
Alternative Degree Programs.-Programmatic emphasis, thus far,
in alternative degree programs has been at the master's and doctoral
Science Faculty Fellowships and Research Participation.-This pro-
level. To make possible experimentation with and coordination with
gram will permit faculty members at the less research oriented 4-year
problem-oriented education, additional specially targeted pre-bacca-
colleges and community colleges to obtain advanced graduate training
laureate projects will be encouraged, as will exploratory studies on
and participate in meaningful research activities. It is designed to
non-linear education. Priority will be given to programs involving
increase the quality of the science faculty members at these institutions
which provide education for a large portion of the college students in
combinations of specialties which enable their graduates to move
rapidly and effectively from the academic environment into technical
this country. The program offers awards which permit college teach-
problem-solving roles. Particular attention will be given to projects
ers, freed temporarily from routine academic duties, to spend up to 15
months on fellowship tenure, strengthening their educational resources
which are related to problem-solving in the field of energy.
in ways which promise to make them better teachers in the future.
Science and Engineering Technician Education Program.-Support
These awards were first given in FY 1957. A measure of the attitude
has been provided by the Foundation for a few major projects to pro-
duce flexibly formatted learning materials in the basic sciences that
of fellowship recipients toward this program is the declination rate.
are applicable to many technical curricula. To enable and encourage in-
This is usually under one percent-by far the lowest rate to be found
stitutions to experiment with and build on these novel core materials,
in any of the Foundation's fellowship programs.
support will be offered for prototype programs aimed at training tech-
This is the only major fellowship program funded by the Federal
nicians in specialized areas of documentable societal need. This element
Government designed primarily to help college teachers of science
represents an effort to examine, in the context of technician/technolo-
improve their teaching at the undergraduate level.
gist education, requirements for transfer of high potential materials
Research Participation For College and University Teachers.-The
and methods from the national level to the more limited and special ob-
primary objective of this program component is enhancement of the
understanding of the relationship between science and those national
jectives of local user communities.
Particular emphasis will be placed on those programs dealing with
needs and issues which must be better served by the Nation's scientific
areas of national concern such as environmental management and en-
effort. By participating in appropriate research experiences offered by
ergy technology. This program includes $1,000,000 for energy related
industrial and governmental laboratories, and selected research insti-
activities. These may involve the training of technicians and technolo-
tutes, college and university teachers are provided the opportunity to
gists in existing energy-relating training programs in addition to train-
reorient their course offerings based on this type of experience, and in
ing program development.
particular, effect changes which better relate the instructional program
Instructional Scientific Equipment Program.-The primary objec-
to the needs of industry and the society.
tive of this program component is the improvement of undergraduate
In prior years the emphasis on research in traditional scientific dis-
instruction by providing partial financial support for the purchase
ciplines served to enhance the professional development of the partici-
of scientific equipment. Such equipment must be necessary for the im-
pants. The program is being reinstated in its revised form in FY 1974.
plementation of new or improved undergraduate programs in one or
The provisions of opportunities for experience in R. & D. activities
more of the sciences. Any university, four-year college, or two-year col-
related to energy and other problems of national interests is an attempt
lege in the United States or its territories that offers instruction in the
to provide faculty with "real-world" experience that will lead them to
sciences at the undergraduate level is eligible for support through this
modify their own courses by including more that is of direct applica-
bility to the practical needs of employers and the society. The program
program.
Grants are made on a matching fund basis in which the grantee pro-
bring with them certain knowledge and points of view unfamiliar to
may also be useful because the faculty participants will necessarily
vides at least 50 percent of the cost. All grants are for a two-year
the industrial laboratory personnel. The Nation's energy efforts in the
period.
In its eleven years of operation, the Instructional Scientific Equip-
next decade provide an excellent opportunity to develop close cooper-
ation between college and university faculty and industrial scientists
ment Program has made 7,000 grants to 1,173 institutions. In FY 1973,
213 grants were made against a total of 1,301 proposals. Funding at the
in order to insure that the training of scientists and engineers will
level of $1,600,000 was sufficient to meet the funding needs of about
meet import. the needs of industry as it attempts to solve problems of national
1/4 of the proposals judged meritorious of support.
Recent curricular trends in the sciences have resulted in a greater
Visiting Foreign Energy Scholars.-The primary objective of this
reliance on instrumentation. Quantitative, data-gathering experiments
program component is to introduce into the educational programs of
in the social sciences, experiments on the quality of the environment, in
colleges and universities the latest results of energy-related research
biology, data processing, laboratory experience in mathematics, in-
and development activities which are being carried out in foreign col-
leges, universities and research institutes. Several foreign countries
creased reliance on instrumental methods in chemistry, and new em-
have gained recognition for their advanced R. & D. in both conven-
phases in the teaching of physics require increasing numbers and types
of equipment at all levels to assist in the limited implementation of in-
tional and non-conventional sources of energy. The Foundation plans
to provide stipends and travel to enable selected foreign scientists hav-
structional improvement.
ing expertise in these critical areas of national concern to visit colleges
31-373 O 74 7
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95
and universities and confer with faculty about their research activities,
Encourages teaching that relates science to the world of the
thus reducing the time lag which exists between the discovery of new
student;
knowledge and its introduction into the classroom. In addition these
Encourages student initiative;
visiting scholars will give guest lectures and consult with their U.S.
colleagues who are conducting energy-related research, thereby pro-
Provides a realistic test of students' interests, abilities, and
limitations in science at a time when their individual career
viding an immediate benefit to the U.S. research efforts in energy.
decisions are still open.
Continuing Education for Scientists and Engineers
The Student-Oriented Program includes three components-Sec-
The objective of this program element is to develop and demonstrate
ondary School Student Projects, Undergraduate Research Participa-
effective ways of continuing the professional education of scientists
tion, and Student-Originated Studies. Each supports student-centered
and engineers.
projects which allow instructors to experiment with and gain first-
A high technology society is characterized by and requires a rapid
hand knowledge of ways and means to increase the student's assump-
growth of scientific know-how. Additionally, as became more evident
tion of responsibility for his own learning. Success is measured by the
in recent years, unless effective means for transferring newly dis-
teachers' increase in freedom to concentrate on interaction with stu-
covered scientific information to practicing scientists and engineers
exist, the ensuing technological obsolescence poses unacceptable social
to the student specific factual information.
dents about problems as opposed to repetitive drill for transferring
and economic costs. These costs take the form of unemployment of
The Student-Oriented Program awards are from proposals evalu-
highly trained and experienced scientists, a lessened flow of innovation
ated competitively for scientific and educational merit. Under the
into the industrial sector, and relative decreases in productivity lead-
Secondary School Student and Undergraduate Research Participa-
ing to a weakened competitive position in world markets.
tion components the proposals are developed by teaching scientists
In the past colleges and universities have tended to offer more or
who describe subjects, establish criteria for selection of student par-
less conventional graduate and undergraduate courses in their con-
ticipants, and determine the ways in which independence in learning
tinuing education programs, while employers in their on-site training
will be cultivated among students. In the Student-Originated Studies
have focused on highly specialized needs, on the resolution of short
component, proposals are generated and projects are operated by inter-
term problems, or on matters of immediate proprietary concern. To-
the program is open also to graduate students. These teams engage
disciplinary teams of 5 to 12 students-mostly undergraduates, though
gether, these practices have left a gap which must be filled if career-
long vitality, flexibility, and productivity is to be retained. Thus,
in a 10-12-week period of full time research designed to collect data
there are clear reasons for examining and improving the processes of
continuing and recurring education as they now stand.
decision-makers needed scientific data.
on a topic important to society or one on which local community
Design of continuing and recurrent education systems which supple-
Ethnic Minorities and Women In Science Program
ment present ones and which actively respond to the needs of a tech-
The objectives of this program element are to research and test edu-
nologically driven society requires attention to:
cational mechanisms and to support experimental models aimed at
Creating means for identifying relevant subject matter;
Producing materials incorporating the necessary content;
discovering and promoting more effective methods of increasing the
Delivering these to the scientist or engineer in an economical
flow of women and ethnic minority group members into scientific
and effective fashion; and
Eliminating administrative, organizational. and structural fac-
lines: (1) Grants to educational institutions to establish model oper-
careers. To reach the objective, the program will move along two
tors that impede employer or employee involvement in containing
ating science education programs designed to advance the move-
ment of these students into careers in science; and (2) grants, or
education.
Projects on each of these aspects of extending continuing education
contracts, to academic institutions or education-related, non-profit
availability and utility will be supported in FY 1975.
organizations to assist in developing a better understanding of the
attacking them.
nature and origins of the barriers and in the design of methods of
Student-Oriented Program
The central objective of the Student-Oriented program is to foster
There are relatively few women and members of ethnic minority
wider use in the Nation's educational institutions of teaching/learning
groups in science. The reasons for this are complex and differ between
techniques that go beyond the standard, formalized lecture, recitation,
the two categories, but are loosely of three kinds: social sanctions, edu-
laboratory format-instructional modes that expect the student to
cational opportunity, and employment discrimination. There is little
begin to exercise more judgment, that call for more student initiative,
that the Foundation can do effectively by direct attack on the first
and that demand that the student accept more responsibility in
and third factors, however, it can do something about the second
guiding his own learning. Such an approach:
factor, and thus help indirectly in the resolution of the other two.
Allows instructors wide latitude in devising and selecting ways
Experimental projects already supported have shown that the edu-
to develop motivation for learning in their students;
cational opportunity problem of ethnic minority group members is
Teaches the nature of scientific work through actual perform-
highly amenable to attack. The first tentative experiments suggest
ance;
that this may also be true for women. The key seems to be in exposing
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97
both groups to science in the right context. The importance of devel-
Meeting the science education needs of all students is essential for
oping the undertapped scientific research potential of both of these
the development and acceptance of intelligent public policies on the
groups is great.
complex issues facing society and to better equip the public to under-
The major element of the program will continue to be support for
stand the advantages available to those living in a high technology
projects to improve science education at colleges which historically
society. This must be done both to obtain commitment to some of the
were created for the purpose of providing educational opportunities
hard choices which must be made, and to assure the capability of the
to disadvantaged ethnic minorities and which have persisted in that
working population in carrying them out. There must be available
purpose. In FY 1975, however, additional colleges will be eligible
teaching materials that can be matched to the learning abilities of
to participate in the program: those institutions which are attended
both the theoretically inclined student who learns readily from the
predominantly by native Americans, Spanish-speaking or Black stu-
printed page and the more practically oriented student who learns best
dents; in brief, institutions which are de facto primarily serving
from "hands-on" materials and tangible models.
ethnic minority group students because the majority of the student
The Improvement of Education for Scientific Literacy activity is
body comprises students of such background.
subdivided into three elements: Elementary School Program, Sec-
Added to this form of institutional program development support
ondary School Program, and Public Understanding of Science. The
will be studies aimed at better understanding the reasons for women's
first two of these elements have certain education objectives in com-
reluctance to consider careers in science. These studies were initiated
during FY 1974 and, in addition, support will be continued for the
which: mon. These include the development and implementation of materials
design, conduct, and evaluation of experimental projects directed
Offer a meaningful introduction to the field concerned;
toward increasing the flow of women into science. In FY 1975 support
Are based on topics of inherent interest to children or teen-
will be provided for a limited number of experimental projects; some
agers;
designed to provide test case implementation of recommendations
Require a "hands-on" learning approach;
from the studies and some to allow further evaluation of the most
Serve as a sound foundation for later educational experiences;
promising experimental approaches introduced in FY 1974. Similar
applications of study and project results will be directed at ethnic
investment. Offer superior educational returns for little or no increase in
minority group members.
In FY 1975 the closer integration of the two components of the ele-
IMPROVEMENT OF EDUCATION FOR SCIENTIFIC LITER-
mentary School Program-Materials and Instructional Development
ACY
$20,600,000
and Instructional Improved Implementation-already begun in FY
The Foundation's goal in this subactivity is to increase substantially
1974 will be further strengthened.
the number of persons who are able to:
Development, Testing and Evaluation of Teaching Materials.-Sup-
Use effectively the methodology of science, as well as the results
of scientific discovery, in their work and personal lives, whether
viously initiated projects which include:
port approximating $1,700,000 is proposed for continuation of pre-
or not they are engaged in scientific or technical occupations.
An interdisciplinary (mathematics/science) problem-oriented
Understand public issues involving science and technology.
course which requires "hands-on" participation by students;
The Foundation's science education programs arose and matured
Materials applying the principles of science to social systems;
during an era deeply concerned with the quality of the Nation's scien-
Units based on decision-making processes;
tific establishment. This resulted in a decided emphasis on materials,
Units based on regularities in human behavior.
curricula and teacher orientation which would benefit most directly
of-school) patterns of education.
Development of materials and strategies for alternative (out-
the student who had already decided. or who might decide, on a career
in science. In recent years a closer balance has developed between sup-
Initiation of new activities will require $300,000 for:
ply and demand among scientific and technical personnel. Almost
Studies of the usage levels of existing curricula and establish-
simultaneously the Nation has become aware of an understanding gap
ment of usage goals for each curriculum project;
between those who deal with highly sophisticated technologies and the
Establishment of additional centers for experimentation with
general public who are affected by these developments. Moreover, as
new materials and methods.
our society becomes increasingly technologically based, more and more
people are becoming engaged in activities or in making decisions that
the production of materials for both students and teachers there are
Instructional Improvement Implementation ($5,800,000).-Beyond
require a scientific or technical background, and there is an increas-
the necessary phases of implementation, including:
ingly wide range of jobs at all levels for which some science training
Diffusion of information about new curricula and materials to
is highly useful, if not essential. Thus, under this subactivity, the
decisionmakers, SO that school officials are informed as to what
Foundation is giving attention more specifically to the needs of people
30 projects ($300,000).
is available and appropriate for them to put into the schools;
who might not become scientists, engineers or technicians. This atten-
tion is also required because our schools are now accommodating al-
Training of competent resource people in key positions within
most the entire school age population and are thus faced with an in-
colleges, state education departments and local school systems to
creasing diversity of talents, capabilities and career aspirations.
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99
help schools identify their needs and organize efficient imple-
Two new junior high level mathematics courses, as alternatives
mentation activities; 50 projects ($1,500,000).
to existing courses-These courses will be intended to enhance the
Insuring a sufficient number of trained teachers to assure a
fair trial and effective implementation of the new materials in
understanding of the practical use of the subject by non-scientists
the Nation's schools, through a combination of working through
and non-technicians and, although different in approach and
centers accessible to schools in large population centers and proj-
degree of difficulty, will place more emphasis on applied mathe-
ects for teachers committed to trial introduction of materials but
matics including such topics as probability and statistics at an
appropriate level;
not within reach of accessible centers; 25 projects ($1,000,000).
Intensive installation of new materials in influential school sys-
A "hands-on" senior high school course relating science and
tems through collaborative projects with neighboring colleges and
technology to problems of the real world in which the student will
develop and test under realistic conditions a variety of solutions
Since universities. the bulk of in-service implementation will have to be done
in order to pick the most reasonable one;
under auspices of local school systems-there are far too many ele-
A senior high level course in "futures" in which the student
mentary school classrooms for NSF to deal with other than indi-
studies possible consequences of alternative decisions that may be
rectly-the most appropriate role for NSF is to introduce materials
made, for example, with respect to the use of resources, changes
widely enough to gain favorable attention and simultaneously to
in foreign policy or other factors;
develop models or standards for implementation packages and help
Problem assessment, including evaluation of barriers to imple-
to start a limited number of successful, fully saturated installations
mentation, more precise data on usage of NSF-supported mate-
in key school systems.
project. rials and establishment of goals for usage of each curriculum
One new project will start implementation activities this year-
Unified Science and Mathematics in the Elementary School (USMES)
Instructional Improvement Implementation ($6,300,000).-In sup-
The remaining implementation projects will be devoted to increasing
port of implementation of course and curriculum materials whose
usage of curriculum projects made available during the last few years.
development has proceeded beyond the testing phase, several kinds of
activity will be employed:
Secondary School Program
Dissemination of information to school system decision-makers
The Secondary School Program planned for FY 1975 will continue
to improve the substance and practice of science education for a
about ($100,000). new and recently released curriculum projects; 10 projects
broader range of students. Several initiatives concerned with imple-
Development of resource personnel among leaders with responsi-
mentation activities begun in the previous year will be developed fur-
bility for initiating in-service education, to help install new and
ther and strengthened. These involve a fundamental reorientation of
the Foundation's purposes in implementation of improved materials,
projects ($700,000).
recently released materials broadly within a geographic area, 25
the closer integration of materials development with implementation
Orientation of influential teachers in new materials, who have
and the setting of program goals through appropriate analyses.
verifiable responsibility to install them in their classrooms for
The Secondary School Program element consists of two components:
demonstration and evaluation; 150 projects ($3,000,000).
Materials and Instructional Development and Instructional Improve-
Intensive implementation of new materials in a significant num-
ment Implementation. The former provides support for development
ber of classrooms within a school system, through cooperative
and evaluation of course materials, including continuing and new
course development. The latter fosters implementation of new courses
projects ($2,500,000). with nearby colleges or universities; 80 projects
and materials in classrooms through a variety of dissemination
The foregoing activities are intended to offer a balance between
strategies.
wide-spread dissemination of a curriculum project and intensive im-
Course M aterial and Instructional M ethod Development.-Approxi-
plementation within selected school systems. The objectives are to
mately $3,000,000 will be required for continued support of ongoing
obtain a large enough mass of successful usage to gain attention for
projects including:
the curriculum project; to set standards for quality of implementa-
Development of a modularized multidisciplinary high school
tion; to ascertain problems with materials after their release, on a
science curriculum and related teacher training materials;
large scale which were not apparent during development; and to test
Development of a sequential interdisciplinary human science
the reality of usage goals for each curriculum project.
course for the middle grades;
Systematic implementation of some projects will appear for the first
Development of an interdisciplinary political science based
time in FY 1975. The bulk of implementation, however, will be devoted
curriculum;
to establishing bridgeheads or initiating massive implementation for
Development of materials and strategies for alternative (out of
years. projects whose development has been completed during the last four
school) patterns of education.
New curriculum development and associated activities include:
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101
Public Understanding of Science
these costs, make it clear that an attempt to put a brake on the cost
The basic concern of this program element is the stimulation and
escalation is not merely desirable, but necessary. The alternative can
support of activities designed to enhance citizen awareness and under-
be a deterioration in the quality of education, a limitation on its quan-
standing of the roles and the meaning of science and technology in
tity-even to the closing of schools and colleges. All of these are al-
society today. Many of the most pressing problems facing the country
ready taking place.
and the world at large have scientific and technical underpinnings and
One possibility for improvement lies in the selective application of
their solution is dependent to a large extent on the understanding the
technology to the educational process. Various kinds of technology-
general public has of these underpinnings. Scientists have a great
films, slides, projectors, record players, radio and TV and the like-
responsibility to insure that the results and implications of their work
are already in use, mainly as course enrichment devices. Their further
are made available to the general public.
use, in conjunction with multi-media learning packages, is still to be
Specific objectives of this program include:
explored in sufficient breadth and depth to determine the extent to
Motivate the scientific and technical communities to engage in
which cost reductions can be attained. Computers-especially when
dialogue on science and technology with the general public.
used as managers or aids in computer-managed or computer-assisted
Support the broad dissemination by scientific groups and orga-
instructional modes are already being investigated for both enrich-
nizations of information about the role, implications, potential,
ment and cost-controlling effects. One can view the computer as an
and limitations of science and technology to the public.
instrument showing "promise" in curbing cost increases, but much still
Help public groups and organizations to relate their own in-
remains to be explored before a definitive answer is obtained.
terests and concerns to those of scientists and engineers and to
It is clear, therefore, that one major line of attack on the problem of
understand the uses of science and technology.
obtaining for education much more favorable cost-benefit ratios-to
Help develop skills in communications about science and tech-
state the problem in economists' terms-is the careful investigation of
nology in both scientists and professional communicators.
the applications of technology. This is one facet of the Foundation's
These objectives are achieved through the support of single-focus,
program aimed at increasing the effectiveness of education.
generally short duration projects designed to communicate knowledge
It is also clear, however, that to focus exclusively on applications
of science and technology to the general public and to such special seg-
of technology as a means of stemming the rising costs of education
ments as youth, minorities, rural populations, etc. Such projects may
would be to ignore other approaches which, while perhaps not SO spec-
include seminars and public forums relating science and technology to
tacular, may well lead to economies just as important as those en-
societal problems and needs, innovative film and television programs
visioned by the staunchest proponents of "technology." The organiza-
for lay audiences, museum exhibits and travelling programs on major
tion and management of the entire educational enterprise is not not-
themes of scientific investigation or societal problems related to science
ably efficient. The use of the student's time and the teacher's time, in
and technology, and special articles and publications for non-scientific
the classroom and out of it, might well be altered to good effect. The
audiences. Many of the projects supported receive "seed money" from
concept that all teaching (or learning) must go on at a particular
NSF, with other funds being obtained by the recipient for follow-on
location or within prescribed time limits is already being questioned,
or operational support.
and more imaginative variations may lead to marked changes in our
Another and contributing approach is to provide coherent area sup-
views of what constitutes an appropriate learning "site." There is a
in public understanding of science serving mass or specific audiences
port to a small number of interdisciplinary groups for broad programs
large number of promising avenues to be pursued:
Cooperation among institutions (high schools and colleges) in
of a national, regional, or community nature or other discrete
the sharing of staff and facilities;
graphic area. These programs may be interinstitutional in nature geo-
Cooperative projects including appropriate state education
involving universities, civic organizations, professional societies, pub-
agencies and schools for better uses of local, state, and federal
lic agencies, media centers, and industry. These groups are also ex-
pected to secure additional financial support from other sources for
funds; Cooperation between schools and other local agencies, including
their efforts, hence multiplying the effect of NSF support.
industry, to bring outside help into the classroom and to take stu-
INCREASING ESSES EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL PROC-
dents, part of the time, out of the classroom;
$13,600,000
Delivery systems that eliminate inflexibility in curricula and
That the costs of education in the United States have in recent years
in courses, that permit student self-pacing, that allow for individ-
been rising at a rate greater than any other cost save that of health
ualization of sequences of learning units in courses and sequences
care is well known and has been fully documented. That the effect of
of courses in curricula, that provide increased options to move in
and such cost increases has been a severe strain on State and local budgets,
and out of the educational system or that permit alternating peri-
an even greater strain on individual family budgets as an increas-
ods of work and study matched to the student's financial resources
ing number of students take advantage of the educational opportuni-
All of these may lead to increased effectiveness of education and
and career goals.
ties offered by the Nation's schools and colleges, is equally well known.
These two factors, rising costs and the increasing difficulty of meeting
decreased costs. Therefore, this program has a second component aimed
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103
at fostering examples, or models, of complete restructuring of certain
Extensive restructuring of programs for the pre-service educa-
specified educational targets.
tion of school teachers of science. Improved coordination of on-
Technological Innovation in Education
campus resources and faculties, and coordination between colleges
The objectives of the Foundation's Technological Innovation in Ed-
and schools will be fostered to provide models for the initial edu-
ucation program are:
cation of prospective science teachers. Mastery of subject matter
To increase the availability of low-cost, flexible hardware and
and the development of competence in fostering learning, evi-
software designed specifically for instructional use;
denced by the pre-service teacher's ability to produce or modify
To increase the availability of technologically-based instruc-
teaching materials, are expected objectives of such models.
tional concepts, applications, and curricular materials; and
The creation of a limited set of dramatically different complete
To increase the availability of effective and efficient technologi-
learning environments for undergraduate science students. These
cally-based models for instruction in traditional and non-tradi-
new environments will be developed as extensive changes in exist-
tional educational settings.
ing institutional structures, or through the creation of new (pos-
The purposes behind these objectives are (1) to achieve quality im-
sibly as yet unconceived) learning environments.
provements in educational outcomes and (2) to break the rising cost
Experimentation with models of new approaches to the coordi-
of education.
nation of efforts of schools, colleges, universities, state and local
Support is provided for
government, and private agencies in selecting a substantial spe-
Research in computer technology and techniques applicable to
cific objective as a target for educational reform, and developing
instruction;
and executing a coordinated plan for achieving it.
The development, field-test, and evaluation of prototype sys-
While this is essentially a new program element within the Fiscal
tems of exceptional technological innovation and promise;
Year 1974 structure, two of the three components included are, in fact
The development, test, and evaluation of innovative applica-
more sharply focused versions of earlier programs (Pre-Service
tions and courseware in selected disciplines, to stimulate new
Teacher Education Projects and State and Urban School System
instructional uses for computing and communications technology;
Projects, which were under Experimental Models and Demonstrations
New instructional concepts related to computer-based educa-
in FY 1973). The third has grown out of the College Science Improve-
tion;
ment Programs (COSIP) for four-year colleges. The three program
Mechanisms to facilitate the widespread use of these products
components Program. are described individually below under FY 1975
and concepts; and
The development and evaluation of prototype delivery systems
Experiments in Pre-Service Education of Teachers of Science.-
based upon modern communication technologies, especially for
Through experiments in preservice teacher education, the Founda-
systems designed to provide computer-based instruction for con-
tion supports attempts to develop teacher training curricula calculated
tinuing education in non-traditional settings.
to lead to the knowledge and skills needed to teach science. The ex-
pectation is that scientists should be able to apply the methods of
Educational Program Restructuring
science to science teaching.
The general goal of Educational Program Restructuring is to im-
The Foundation's support is channeled to efforts to connect cause
prove effectiveness and efficiency in science education. To this end, the
National Science Foundation will provide support to assist in the de-
information nationwide. The FY 1975 request should provide for con-
and effect in teacher education, and to disseminating the resulting
sign, development and evaluation of a few major experimental models
tinuation of 6 projects and the initiation of 2 to 5 new ones.
of new approaches to the organization, management, delivery and
Experiments in Restructuring the Undergraduate Learning En-
content of science education. Emphasis will be placed on design and
vironment.-Significant support will be provided to a limited
development for outcomes that can be evaluated and documented. The
number of institutions for several years to enable them to attempt a
aim is the development of generalizable and transportable models, de-
major breakthrough in the style and type of science education offered
rived through systematic procedures, applicable to systems of science
at the post-secondary level. This approach is based on the premise that
education. Experimentation with Educational Program Restructuring
institutions of higher education know how to effect progress in small
will occur in three main areas:
increments, but that a few large scale experiments in more pervasive
Extensive revision of pre-service teacher education programs;
restructuring are now needed.
Restructuring of the undergraduate learning environment; and
Types of education formats to be tested are those implied by terms
State, regional or urban systems of science education.
such as the "university without walls", "the learning laboratory", and
A characteristic unifying these three areas of experimentation in
"individualized", "self-paced", "self-directed" study. The FY 1975
Education Program Restructuring is a total system approach to prob-
request includes $2,000,000 to provide for 4 to 5 institutions to under-
lems in science education in contrast to fragmentary approaches.
take a total restructuring of their science education programs.
Grants will be made to colleges, universities or other appropriate
Experiments in State, Regional or Urban Systems of Science Edu-
organizations and institutions for the following purpose:
cation.-The Foundation proposes to experiment with mechanisms
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105
for coordination of efforts which will lead to the identification of those
group members into careers in science and technology. In addition,
mechanisms which contribute most to increasing effectiveness and
support was provided for exploratory studies to discover effective
efficiency of science education. The approach taken will involve design
means for conveying science career information to students for guid-
and development of action programs, and at the same time subject
ance purposes.
these to research and evaluation. The evaluated models are intended
11. PLANNING AND POLICY STUDIES
to provide examples that other states and cities might utilize in order
$2,700,000
to make optimal use of resources-local, state and federal-which
Authorization, fiscal year 1975
may be made available for education.
Studies of Science Resources
The proposed allocation will permit continuation of 3 projects al-
ready under way and permit the addition of 2 to 5 design efforts and 2
Science Studies Planning & Policy Analysis and Program Evaluation
$1,850,000
850, 000
new development efforts.
Total
PROBLEM ASSESSMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL PROJECTS $1,000,000
2,700,000
The Foundation's science education activities are designed to act
activities are to:
The objectives of the Foundation's Planning and Policy Studies
on certain key points or areas in the educational system where prob-
lems exist, and where the infusion of relatively small amounts of
Illuminate science policy issues and existing and impending
money can have a significant influence in reducing or erasing the
problems bearing on science policy.
problems, and in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of educa-
Provide the factual data and analytical bases for sound deci-
tional operations. They are not designed to provide sustaining support
sions leading to the development of effective policies and im-
for on-going programs of education in the sciences as normally con-
technology. proved plans for the advancement and utilization of science and
ducted in the Nation's schools and colleges. The three main components
previously described-Improvement of Education for Careers in Sci-
Provide information for use by NSF, the President's Science
ence, Improvement of Education for Scientific Literacy, and Increas-
Adviser, and other governmental and nongovernmental bodies in
ing Effectiveness of Educational Processes-are intended to do just
assessing problems, evaluating alternatives, establishing priorities,
that, in areas where problems have been identified and reasonably well-
and developing recommendations regarding NSF and national
science activities.
defined, and where solutions, either proven or shown to be feasible, are
Provide data on national technical manpower and financial
also reasonably well-defined.
It is clear, however, that there are other problems for which solu-
R. & D. resources expended for energy research and development
tions are not known-some for which suggested solutions have not yet
to assist in assessing current and planned programs designed to
been shown to be feasible, some for which solutions are still to be in-
help meet the nation's energy requirements and to contribute to
vented and tested. And beyond these, there are problems, unidentified
the achievement of U.S. independence of foreign sources of
energy.
or only vaguely suspected, that must be identified and defined SO that
the next step-the search for a solution-can be initiated.
This activity is divided into two program elements: (1) Studies of
It was in response to the need to identify these other problems and
Science Resources and (2) Science Planning and Policy Analysis and
to define them with sufficient clarity that solutions can be invented and
sections. Program Evaluation Studies, which are discussed in the following
tested for feasibility that the Foundation's fourth science education
element, Problem Assessment and Experimental Projects, was initi-
STUDIES OF SCIENCE RESOURCES
$1,850,000
ated in Fiscal Year 1974. The emphasis in FY 1975 will continue to be
The Foundation's program of Science Resources Studies encom-
on the search for effective solutions to problems with particular atten-
passes the acquisition, organization, and analysis of data relating
tion being given, as studies are completed, to their implications for
broadly to: the funding of scientific and technological activities; the
future directions of science education programs.
development and utilization of scientific and technical manpower; the
Problem assessment studies, focusing on problem analysis, evalua-
institutional framework of science and technology; and the inter-
tion, and dissemination, are designed to result in recommendations,
relationships between science; technology, and other elements of the
some of which are suitable for implementation by various Education
national economy. Studies are carried on directly by Foundation staff
Directorate program elements, some leading to promising areas for
or by contract and grant arrangements with other performers, includ-
further study and analysis, and some appropriate for action by other
ing Government agencies, universities, and nonprofit institutions.
organizations.
The broad objective of this program is the development of the fac-
Some of the assessment studies begun in FY 1974 were designed to
tual and analytical basis for national planning and policy formulation
provide understanding of the problems connected with effective dis-
in the area of science and technology resources. This includes the pro-
semination of information about new educational developments and
duction and continuous improvement of the national system of rele-
the barriers to acceptance and implementation of these developments.
vant science resource statistics as well as analyses of data available
Other study topics included continuing education for scientists and
from all sources. Special emphasis is placed on science manpower and
engineers and barriers to the movement of women and ethnic minority
funding. Sub-objectives cover provision of time series and indicators;
development of models and projections; and analyses and surveys to
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107
provide insight into current and long-range science and technology
Quantitative Program Data
policy issues, such as those related to U.S. energy needs.
It is difficult to provide quantitative program data for programs
SCIENCE PLANNING AND POLICY ANALYSIS AND PROGRAM
supported by the Planning and Policy Studies activity, because such
EVALUATION STUDIES
$850,000
data do not accurately reflect the effort involved. Many of the pro-
The NSF Science Planning and Policy Analysis and Program
grams in this activity include a combination of substantial effort by
Evaluation Studies program provides:
staff and by grantees. In addition, a large fraction of the program
Directed studies requested by the NSF Director, the National
funds support analyses and studies undertaken by the National Acad-
Science Board, or national science policy groups, which require
emies of Science and Engineering. These activities are normally
research and related capabilities of university, non-profit, and
performed by Academy members without compensation for their
time.
other qualified organizations.
Issues analyses, including special studies of particular interest
12. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT
$39,500,000
for NSF program planning purposes, including long-run impli-
The Program Development and Management (PD&M) activity
cations of existing issues.
provides for the operation, support, management and direction of all
Special program evaluation and related science management
NSF programs and activities previously described, and includes all
studies, to assess the accomplishments and status of existing NSF
necessary funds to develop, manage, and coordinate these program
programs and to provide a factual basis for determining the need
activities. It includes salaries and operational expenses of all NSF
to revise on-going programs or undertake new ones.
employees. Also included is the staff and operational support for the
Studies and evaluations are performed in-house by NSF staff mem-
Director of the Foundation in his role as the President's Science
bers and, under grants and contracts, by universities, non-profit
Adviser and Chairman of the Federal Council for Science and
organizations, and other appropriate groups.
Technology.
Directed Studies and Issues Analysis
The PD&M activity is budgeted at $39,500,000 for FY 1975. Al-
This program element has the objective of analyzing and reporting
though this represents an increase of $7,840,000, the PD&M request
on the NSF role in the Federal Government's support of science;
is austere when compared to the major additional program manage-
anticipating and identifying emerging problems relating to science
ment and administrative requirements placed upon NSF in FY 1975.
policy; and recommending alternative courses of action for considera-
These requirements include the following:
tion by the NSF Director, the National Science Board or national sci-
For the first time in its history, NSF is required to reimburse
ence policy groups. Studies may be accomplished through contracts or
GSA for office space and some related costs. This accounts for over
closely managed grants. Issue analyses, frequently done by the pro-
$2.5 million of the PD&M request in FY 1975.
gram's internal staff in collaboration with staff from other elements
Energy related research in Scientific Research Project Sup-
of NSF, include short-term analyses of existing or impending prob-
port in the science disciplines; energy-focused research under Re-
lems and longer-term and broader-gauge analyses designed, in com-
search Applied to National Needs, and parts of the International
bination with the directed policy studies, to put NSF in a better posi-
Decade of Ocean Exploration program and International Co-
tion to respond to problems concerned with various aspects of science
operative Scientific Activities, as well as energy related manpower
activities in Science Education, account for $116.1 million of the
policy. The program also provides support to the National Academy of
Foundation's overall budget increase of $141.8 million for FY
Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering for the "core"
1975. This represents a new thrust that will, in most instances, re-
activities of the central Committees of COSPUP and COPEP and for
quire a greater level of management oversight on the part of
selected special studies or reviews of fields of science carried out under
NSF. An additional $4.0 million in PD&M funds is included
their auspices.
to cover these additional program management requirements.
It should be noted that the ratio of PD&M funds to program
Program Evaluation Studies
dollars requested to manage the additional energy related re-
This program element has as its objective, the assessment of the
search and manpower activities is less than the overall ratio of
effectiveness, accomplishments, impacts and adequacy of the Founda-
PD&M funds to program dollars. In addition, the amount of
tion's programs in meeting their objectives and their contributions
PD&M funds requested as a result of the energy related thrust
to broad NSF goals. The studies identify promising courses of action
is a little more than 3 per cent of the total of $116.1 million in-
to achieve these goals. They provide the factual basis for budget
cluded for this purpose. This is also significantly below the over-
requests leading to expansion or reorientation of current programs or
all percentage of PD&M to program dollars.
to the initiation of new programs. Evaluation also provides an assess-
The remainder of about $1.0 million in increased PD&M funds
ment of the effect of changes in type and level of science support on
is for staffing and related costs needed in connection with the
the generation of new knowledge, the supply of scientific manpower,
additional $18.0 million requested for research in Astronomy,
and on the institutions which produce this knowledge and manpower.
Biological Sciences, Physics, and other science disciplines; for
108
109
the Very Large Array (VLA) ; and for other items not included
ceives the proposal, reviews it for scientific merit and appropriateness
in the energy related activities. This small PD&M amount is barely
for NSF support and must make the initial crucial decision as to
sufficient to meet the additional staffing, consultant, and travel
whether or not to recommend it for NSF support.
requirements in this category.
In addition to evaluating the substance of proposals, program of-
ficers must participate in the various aspects of the grant award and
SUMMARY BY FUNCTIONAL AREA
declination process, administer the technical aspects of grants and
Actual
Estimate
Estimate
Difference
exercise leadership in their field. Further there has been an increasing
fiscal year
fiscal year
fiscal year
fiscal year
demand from other areas, both within the other NSF Directorates and
1973
1974
1975
1975/74
outside NSF for technical assistance in addition to duties associated
Research
$5,485,845
$6,084,000
$7,429,700
$1,345,700
with direct operation of the programs.
National and international programs
3,532,220
3,849,000
4,098,200
249,200
The special effort in energy-related research planned for FY 1975
Research applications
2,470,475
3,148,000
4,243,400
1,095,400
Education
3,537,729
3,693,000
3,942,400
249,400
will require more coordination and monitoring of awards than cus-
Executive management and special research
2,772,250
4,555,572
5,041,400
485,828
Central support services and administration
10,820,679
10,330,428
14,744,900
4,414,472
tomary in the past. This in turn, requires more staff time per award
Total
28,619,198
31,660,000
39,500,000
7,840,000
and per proposal. The FY 1975 estimate includes 60 additional posi-
tions, initially funded on a part-year basis, to provide for this as well
as for the increased workload resulting from the modest growth of the
The management of the NSF programs is accomplished through an
other parts of the program.
organizational structure oriented to the end objectives of the NSF
A number of factors affect the size of the staff required. These
programs. The Executive Management and Special Research func-
include the number of proposals, number of grants awarded, size and
tional area provides policy direction and top management through
scope of program, number of institutions with grants, relationship to
the National Science Board; the Director and his staff offices; and di-
programs in other agencies, proposal processing time, and SO on. Aver-
rection of special research programs through the Offices of Experi-
age time needed to process a proposal is a key indicator. An average
mental Research and Development Incentives and National Research
of five working days is used for each grant awarded including post-
and Development Assessment. Since FY 1974, the functional area also
award technical monitoring. This encompasses the review of about 2.3
includes the direct support provided to the Director, in his role as
to 2.5 proposals for each grant awarded. It does not consider site visit
Science Adviser to the President, by the Science and Technology Pol-
time, travel to visit the current grantees, attendance at professional
icy Office and the Office of Energy R. & D. Policy. Major groupings of
meetings, support provided other parts of NSF, interagency coordina-
programs are managed by four Assistant Directors; one each for
tion, normal staff work such as program and budget preparation,
Research, Education, National and International Programs and
special studies such as for the Science Adviser or preparation of
Research Applications. Agency-wide management, logistic and ad-
informational replies to the public and others. Because of the addi-
ministrative support is provided by an Assistant Director for
tional monitoring and coordinating needed by the energy research
Administration. A section describing each of the major programs and
program, the average time required for a grant in FY 1975 will be
5.5 days.
functional areas follows:
($7, 429, 700)
In order to partially overcome the demands on existing staff, the
RESEARCH
number of coherent area grants have been increased, use of continu-
This Program area is managed by the Assistant Director for Re-
ing grants have been increased and greater utilization has been made
search and includes the Scientific Research Project Support Program
of mail reviewers and advisory panels.
and the Global Atmospheric Research Program, with budgets which
A number of advisory panels are utilized to aid program managers
total $368 million and provide the major portion of basic scientific
in the review of proposals and to provide a mechanism for members
research, the core mission of the Foundation. In FY 1975, these pro-
of the particular scientific community to participate in expanding the
grams will account for 47 percent of the total NSF request and are
state-of-the-art and identifying new research opportunities. These
increased by $76 million over FY 1974. principally for expansion of
panels consist of recognized scientists in the various fields who meet
support in the biological, physics, chemistry, social sciences and mate-
2 or 3 times a year for the purpose of reviewing proposals and assisting
rials research disciplines with increased emphasis on energy-related
the program officer in making his decision to support particular pro-
research.
posals. Panel members bring to the decision process a current working
Research project grants selected on the basis of scientific merit pro-
knowledge of the field and are able to detect promising opportunities
vide support to individual scientists or groups of scientists. These
for research, prevent unnecessary duplication of research and identify
grants are awarded on the basis of proposals submitted which provide
gaps in research which should be filled. The qualitative scientific assist-
detailed information on the proposed research, how it fits into the
ance provided by these panels has been invaluable in NSF efforts to
state-of-the-art, how the research will be carried out, what the re-
keep the administrative costs of proposal review and selection to the
searcher hopes to gain scientifically from the research, what funds are
minimum research. while still insuring the selection of the most meritorious
needed for facilities and associates, etc. An NSF program officer re-
31-373 O 74 8
110
111
In FY 1975 there will be an advisory committee providing advice
and guidance to the Research Directorate from the viewpoint of
The workload of programs in this Directorate is discussed below.
science as a whole, 29 advisory panels to provide advice and to assist
The different degree and nature of the program management required
in the project selection process, and one special panel to advise on
by the separate activities as well as the differences in the required ex-
grants to young investigators in the engineering activity. In addition,
ternal coordination activities account for the variations in program
about 270 consultants will be used. The following table reflects the
funds administered per professional.
number of days and related costs of consultants and committee mem-
The Arctic and Antarctic Research programs require extensive
bers' compensation and travel. These data do not reflect the required
international and Federal agency coordination to insure the attain-
number of consultants, but represent a balance between the optimum
ment of the research objectives. Extensive logistic support is required
schedule of panel meetings (at least 3) and ad hoc consultants and
for the polar programs which are conducted in hostile climates and
available funds. Adjustments are made as needed by extending the
geographical environments. The NSF responsibility for planning,
length of meetings or reducing the number of meetings to be held and
managing and funding the logistics support for the Antarctic program
making do with fewer ad hoc consultants as on-site evaluators.
and the program for the extension of Arctic research has placed signif-
An integral part of the program officer's job is to travel to visit
icant workload requirements on the program. The polar operations staff
prospective grantees and current grantees as well as to attend profes-
is responsible for the logistics support agreements which require con-
sional meetings. There are about 450 institutions at which NSF has
stant monitoring of the operations carried out by the Navy and contrac-
project grants involving between 7,000 and 8,000 investigators who
tors. The polar science staff will process approximately 130 grants in
should be visited. As a general rule, the research program officer should
FY 1975 for polar research projects. While this is only slightly more
travel about 30 working days a year, exclusive of weekend travel, to
than the 126 grants estimated for FY 1974, the planned awards will
monitor the progress of research, determine the capability of prospec-
support highly complex, integrated interdisciplinary programs such as
tive grantees to perform as they propose, and to keep abreast of devel-
the Antarctic drilling projects and AIDJEX. The office makes exten-
opments in his field SO that he can make quality judgments. The travel
sive use of advisory groups, including an advisory panel, the Com-
required for that portion of the program which is energy-related
mittee on Polar Research of the National Academy of Sciences, and
(about one-third) will be 45 days. Thus the overall average should be
numerous consultants in planning, evaluating, and managing the polar
35 days.
research activities.
A total of $385,000 is included in the FY 1975 estimate for staff
Management of NSF support to the academic community for
travel which will fund approximately 4,812 travel days or approx-
acquisition, operation, and utilization of oceanographic facilities is
imately 27.5 travel days per professional employee.
accomplished through the Office for Oceanographic Facilities and Sup-
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS
($4, 098, 200)
port. This program is coordinated with, and is in support of, the
The Assistant Director for National and International Programs is
oceanographic research requirements of the Research Directorate and
responsible for a set of program activities which require a high degree
the IDOE. Also, the staff coordinates with the Navy on matters of
of management attention and involve extensive intergovernmental and
joint funding, ship use scheduling, and ship construction and conver-
international coordination. The Arctic and Antarctic Research Pro-
sion programs. Twenty major research ships, 100 feet or more in length,
grams, among others, require major logistic planning efforts in sup-
and 11 coastal vessels operated by 16 separate academic institutions
port of extensive field operations. Seven staff activities report to the
are partially supported through this program. Projects also provide
Assistant Director for National and International Programs:
for shipboard equipment and other shared equipment and facilities,
Office for the International Decade of Ocean Exploration
shipboard technicians, and operation of other research platforms such
(IDOE) ;
as submersibles and aircraft. In the decisionmaking process, separate
Office of Polar Programs-Responsible for the Arctic Research
ship construction and ship operations review panels are utilized.
Program and the U.S. Antarctic Research Program;
RESEARCH APPLICATIONS
($4, 243, 400)
Office for Oceanographic Facilities and Support;
The Assistant Director for Research Applications is responsible for
Office of National Centers and Facilities Operations-Respon-
the Foundation's major coordinated efforts directly concerned with
sible for coordinating and supervising the activities of the five
National Research Centers and the Ocean Sediment Coring
the Research Applied to National Needs (RANN) program involving
problems concerned with Energy, Environment and Productivity as
Program;
well as efforts to conduct Technology Assessment. This program is
Office of Science Information Service;
composed of five major areas: Energy Research and Technology, Ad-
Office of International Programs; and
vanced Technology Applications, Environmental Systems and Re-
Research Management Improvement Program.
sources, Social Systems and Human Resources, and Exploratory Re-
The Foundation's Special Foreign Currency Program is admin-
search and Problem Assessment. An essential supporting element to
istered through the Office of International Programs.
The programs supervised by the Directorate are accomplished
RANN is the Intergovernmental Science (ISP) program which pro-
vides an important mechanism for transferring RANN research results
through a combination of grants and contracts.
into the action program of State and local governments and to the
private sector.
112
113
Program Development and Management funds required for the
Research Applications Directorate total $4,243,400 in FY 1975, an in-
sultations are required when large contracts and complex projects are
crease of $1,095,400. Included in the estimate are 83 new positions ini-
evaluated. The consultations often involve site visits by the program
tially funded on a part year basis. In determining minimum staffing
manager who is accompanied by a panel of experts.
needs consideration is given to growing demands placed on RA
EDUCATION
($3, 942, 400)
program managers. These demands include: participation in govern-
The Assistant Director for Education manages the Science Educa-
ment-wide energy and other task forces, panels and committees; inter-
tion Improvement Program and the Graduate Student Support Pro-
national commitments; intensified Executive and Legislative Branch
gram, the Foundation's major programs in support of science educa-
requests for data, coordination, and presentations; and carrying out
tion. Also included under his responsibilities is the Division of Science
lead agency responsibilities assigned to NSF/RANN for Terrestrial
Resources Studies, for the most part an in-house activity, which makes
Solar Energy and Geothermal Energy. Also, there is extensive inter-
factual and statistical studies with emphasis on scientific and techni-
agency coordination on research proposals and status of projects
cal manpower, science education, and research and development ex-
because research supported by RANN is expected to be transferred to
penditures, that are required for the development of National, Fed-
mission agencies when it reaches the implementation stage.
eral and Foundation policies the area of science and technology.
Starting with FY 1974 and accelerating in FY 1975, the energy re-
The science education programs are conducted through an organiza-
search responsibilities of the National Science Foundation under the
tional structure consisting of a Division of High Education in Science,
RANN program are greatly increased, from $29.1 million to $102.9
a Division of Pre-College Education in Science, and an Office of Ex-
million. This increase will be reflected both in program content and
perimental Projects and Programs. In FY 1975, the Science Education
in intensity of program management, and requires additional positions
Improvement Program will continue to focus on specific problem areas
and support costs.
with larger and more comprehensive grants, thus the total number of
Largest increases in FY 1975 are in the solar energy and geothermal
1973-1,500. awards will be maintained at a level lower than in years prior to FY
energy programs, for which the National Science Foundation has a
lead Federal responsibility. The programs in energy conservation and
NSF, in its lead agency role in Federal government activities for
storage, coal research, environmental effects of energy, and socio-eco-
the training of energy R. & D. manpower, plans to support activities at
nomic aspects of changes in the nation's systems for production and
the graduate level, and two and four year college levels. Manpower
consumption of energy are also substantially increased.
studies related to energy R. & D. are also planned. To carry out these
The enlarged NSF responsibility in energy will require changes in
activities which total $5,000,000, two additional positions will be added
in FY 1975.
management approaches. There will be a much heavier emphasis on
project management, necessitating time-phased planning and inten-
EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT AND SPECIAL RESEARCH
($5, 041, 400)
sive monitoring of progress. There will also be much greater use of
Policy direction, top management of the NSF, and direction of
program solicitations to focus research efforts where they are most
the special research programs and support for the Director in his role
urgently needed. The use* of contracts and research agreements will
as Science Adviser to the President are included in this functional
increase to achieve a higher confidence in performance as planned,
area. The National Science Board and the Office of the Director have
and as a consequence the average size of awards is expected to be sub-
stantially larger. All of these changes contribute to the need for addi-
the responsibility and authority for policy direction and management
of the Foundation; the Office of the General Counsel assists the Board
tional staff and supporting Program Development and Management
and the Director in interpreting the legal aspects of the Foundation's
funds.
activities, and the Office of Government and Public Programs is the
The multi-disciplinary nature of RANN and ISP, together with
focal point for liaison with Congress and the public. The Office of
their application and utilization requires that each research proposal
be reviewed systematically and thoroughly. In order to ease the prepa-
Experimental Research and Development Incentives is responsible
for the conduct of programs which experiment with and test incentives
ration burden on potential grantees, preliminary unsolicited pro-
posals containing summary-type data are submitted to the RA staff for
which can be employed to stimulate more rapid utilization of proven
technologies and to increase non-Federal investment in research and
evaluation of appropriateness to RANN/ISP objectives. This is fol-
development. The Office of National Research and Development As-
lowed by full scale evaluations after submission of a formal proposal
sessment analyzes patterns of research and development and tech-
in those cases where the preliminary proposal shows promise of sig-
nological innovations, the incentives and decisions which underlie
nificant results. Review of a formal proposal in most cases requires a
site visit by an ad hoc panel which includes staff representation and
existing patterns and the implications which options will have in shap-
ing future research and development patterns. The Science and Tech-
at least two highly recognized experts who serve as consultants to the
nology Policy Office and the Office of Energy R. & D. Policy have the
program manager.
After approval of an award, semi-annual consultations are held
responsibility for providing the direct support required by the Direc-
tor in his role as Science Adviser.
with grantees to insure that progress is being made towards achieving
objectives and milestones set forth in the proposal. More frequent con-
114
115
The National Science Board consists of twenty-four leading sci-
entists, academicians, administrators, and industrialists, appointed by
in which universities and other research organizations can make most
the President, and the Director of NSF and develops the broad policy
effective contributions to energy research and development.
guidelines under which Foundation activities are carried out within
CENTRAL SUPPORT SERVICES AND ADMINISTRATION
($14, 744, 900)
the framework of the National Science Foundation Act. Public mem-
The Assistant Director for Administration manages the Central
bers of the Board are compensated for their attendance at meetings
Support Services and Administration area which encompasses those
of the NSB and its committees and for travel costs incurred in carry-
agency-wide administrative and support services best provided on a
ing out its responsibilities. Duties of the NSB are specified in the
centralized basis and those costs which cannot be directly associated
National Science Foundation Act and include the preparation of an
with the operation of any one directorate.
annual report to the President, for submission to the Congress, on the
Included in the Administration sub-area are the salaries and travel
status and health of science and its various disciplines.
costs associated with the development, coordination, and accomplish-
The Director is the chief executive officer of the Foundation and is
ment of agencywide administrative, personnel, planning, program-
responsible for the execution of the Foundation's programs in accord-
ming, budgeting, accounting, contracting, and data processing activ-
ance with the National Science Foundation Act and the broad policy
ities. There are 10 staff units reporting to the Assistant Director for
guidelines of the Board.
Administration. The Administrative Services Office is responsible for
The Office of the General Counsel provides advice and counsel to
logistics and housekeeping for the NSF. Employee-oriented functions
the Board and the Director concerning substantive details of legisla-
are assigned to the Personnel Office and the Health Services Unit. The
tion pertaining to the Foundation as well as contractual, patent, and
Management Analysis Office and the Financial Management Office
other legal matters. Two additional attorney positions have been
provide management and accounting services. The Grants and Con-
added in FY 1975 to help meet the increasing workload in the legal
tracts Office and the Audit Office along with the Financial Manage-
aspects of the patent and procurement areas of NSF operations.
ment Office work closely with the business offices of universities and
The office of Government and Public Programs advises and assists
institutions performing the research supported by NSF. NSF plans,
the Director and Coordinates the Foundation's liaison with Congress
program and budget are the functions of the Office of Budget, Pro-
and State and local governments as well as with professional societies
gramming and Planning Analysis and the Program Review office. Data
and other nongovernmental organizations; provides services and ma-
support is provided by the Management Information Office.
terials for use by general and specialized media including radio, TV,
In general, the workload of the staff providing central support serv-
and motion pictures; and edits official publications of NSF, including
ices and overall administrative support increases in direct proportion
the National Science Foundation Annual Report to the Congress. This
to increases program funds and the administrative funds available to
office administers the Public Understanding of Science Program de-
directorates. As the total number of proposals received and reviewed
signed to build a basic public awareness and understanding of the
increases and the number of awards increases SO do the support serv-
nature of research and the role of science and technology in society.
ices such as grant and contract negotiation, the physical processing of
NSF participation in the Nation's Bi-Centennial activities is also
the actual proposal documents, an estimated 50 million individual
administered through this office.
pieces of paper in FY 1975, and the financial and administrative fol-
The Science and Technology Policy Office (STPO) provides assist-
lowup. Also, increases in staff, consultants and travel funds mean di-
ance to the Director in his role as Science Adviser, in such areas as
rect increases in processing, payrolling, voucher auditing, processing
national civilian science and technological policy, developing technical
travel request, and myriad other administrative functions. The FY
options for the solution of national problems in the civilian area,
1975 budget increases the central support services staff by 25 positions
appraising the overall effectiveness of ongoing Federal and national
to meet workload directly generated by the significantly higher pro-
research and development efforts, coordinating Federal research and
gram funding levels proposed. While the program dollar increase
development programs, interacting with academic and industrial sci-
exceeds 20 percent, indicating a similar percentage increase in work-
entific communities on broad matters of science policy and in further-
load, the supporting staff will increase by only approximately seven
ing U.S. international science and technology objectives.
percent. Better utilization of existing resources and staff, including
A second office, the Office of Energy Research and Technology Pol-
training, upgrading of clerical and semiprofessional employees, intro-
icy (OEP) also supports the Director in his role as Science Adviser
duction of labor-saving devices where applicable and reorganization
to the President. Specific functions of the office include providing
of office arrangements in line with work flow will meet the balance
analyses of specific issues and selected programs relating to energy
of the workload requirements.
research and development, developing a general systems framework
13. SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM
for the evaluation of energy research and development programs, as-
$5,000,000
sessing the merits of individual technological approaches, identifying
Obligations
critical energy research and development needs, and determining ways
Scientific Research and Related Activities
Scientific and Technological Information
$4,000,000
1,000,000
Total
5,000,000
116
117
The Special Foreign Currency Program utilizes U.S.-owned excess
currencies in certain foreign countries to support cooperative scientific
Poland-the mathematical, biological, and physical sciences;
projects, seminars, and the travel of U.S. and foreign scientists in-
and engineering.
volved in mutually beneficial efforts. The Foundation awards grants
Tunisia-the natural sciences, science education, and the social
to both U.S. and foreign institutions and scientists. The funds used
sciences.
in this program are those which the United States has accumulated
The Foundation will encourage the development of cooperative
abroad, principally through the sale of agricultural commodities, the
projects with Burma, especially in biology and geology. Projects in
repayment of loans, and the payment of interest on outstanding loans.
Yugoslavia will be supported through the U.S.-Yugoslav Board on
The "excess" funds may be used for U.S. purposes in the country of
Scientific and Technological Cooperation. The Board was established
origin, with the concurrence of the concerned foreign government.
on May 18, 1973, to provide a "joint fund in dinars to be used for
The Department of the Treasury determines when, where, and how
continuing previously agreed-upon scientific and technological proj-
much of these funds are excess to the U.S. Government's requirement.
ects and thereafter, to the extent monies from the fund are available,
There are eight special foreign currency countries: Burma, Egypt,
to finance additional cooperative projects of mutual interest and ad-
vantage."
Guinea, India, Pakistan, Poland, Tunisia, and Yugoslavia.
Two categories of activity are included under this program: (1)
The Foundation will continue to support, at the same level as in
cooperative research programs, joint seminars, and travel of scien-
FY 1974, the international travel of U.S. scientists and project man-
tists, and (2) translation, publication and dissemination of foreign
agers to and from special foreign currency countries to participate in
scientific and technical information to U.S. scientists and engineers.
scientific meetings, deliver lectures, convene seminars, and confer with
The objectives of the program are to support cooperative scientific
their colleagues on program planning and development. Approxi-
activities of significance to the U.S.A. and the cooperating foreign
mately 200 travelers will be supported by special foreign currencies
country; supplement our domestic research effort through use of U.S.-
in FY 1975 at an estimated cost of $200,000.
owned foreign currencies; obtain access to unusual research environ-
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION
$1,000,000
ments and facilities; arrange for the translation of foreign scientific
This program provides special foreign currency funds to overseas
and technological literature for distribution to U.S. scientists; and
contractors for the collection, translation, and printing of foreign sci-
promote the exchange of information between U.S. and foreign
entific and technical information for distribution to U.S. scientists
scientists.
and engineers. The Foundation's six overseas contractors (two in
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND RELATED ACTIVITIES
$4,000,000
India and one each in Egypt, Pakistan, Poland, and Tunisia) trans-
The program makes awards, payable in U.S.-owned special foreign
late foreign scientific literature from more than fifteen languages
currencies, to U.S. and foreign academic institutions for cooperative
(Russian, Polish, Serbo-Croatian, Czech, Japanese, and others). In
research projects, joint seminars and symposia, and international
addition, the Foundation coordinates translation requirements of
travel. The proposals submitted by U.S. and foreign academic insti-
various Federal science agencies and orders translations from the
tutions are subject to the same review process as applications for
overseas contractors under an interagency agreement with the National
dollar support. The primary criteria for judging special foreign cur-
Technical Information Service (NTIS) of the Department of Com-
rency proposals are (1) potential for advancement of scientific knowl-
merce. The NTIS also receives and distributes the output from the
Foundation's overseas contractors.
edge, (2) probable contribution to U.S. and foreign scientific progress,
(3) the likelihood of lasting relationships between the U.S. and
The objectives of the program are to (1) translate significant for-
foreign cooperating institutions, and (4) the availability of adequate
eign scientific and technical literature into English and (2) assure the
resources and experienced personnel.
availability of this information to U.S. scientists and engineers.
The objectives of the program are those stated in the summary pro-
The Foundation plans to continue to arrange for the collection,
gram description above.
translation, and dissemination of foreign scientific and technical lit-
The FY 1975 program will include cooperative research projects
erature through overseas contractors in Egypt, India, Pakistan,
Poland, and Tunisia.
and joint meetings and seminars in the following countries and in
the subject areas indicated:
Egypt-engineering, the physical sciences, and science educa-
tion.
India-the mathematical, biological, and physical sciences;
engineering; and the social sciences.
Pakistan-the natural sciences and engineering.
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FISCAL YEAR 1975 PROGRAM, BY SCIENCE DISCIPLINE, AS REQUESTED
[In millions of dollars]
Support of research
118
Atmos-
Bio-
Mate-
Com-
Sub-
Other
Total
pheric
Earth
logical
Social
rials
puter
Other
totals
pro-
NSF
sci-
sci-
Ocean-
sci-
Chem-
Astron-
Mathe-
sci-
Engi-
re-
sci-
re-
re-
grams
ences
ences
ography
ences
Physics
istry
omy
mathics
ences
neering
search
ences
search
search
Scientific research project support
14.6
13.7
15.9
85. 4
44.8
37.1
11.5
17.1
29.0
37.9
45.4
11.3
363.7
363.7
National and special research programs:
Global atmospheric research program
4.0
4.0
4.0
Experimental R. & D. incentives program
1.0
1.0
1.0
National R. & D. assessments program
3.0
3.0
3.0
International decade of ocean exploration
15.5
15.5
15.5
Ocean sediment coring program
11.0
11.0
11.0
Arctic research program
1.2
0.2
1.1
4
0.5
.1
3.5
3.5
U.S. Antarctic research program
10.3
10.4
1.9
2.7
.5
25.8
25.8
Oceanographic facilities and support
15.0
15.0
15.0
Solar eclipse support
0
0
Science and technology policy research
1.5
1.5
1.5
Energy R. & D. policy research
4.5
4.5
4.5
Subtotal
15.5
10.6
44.5
3.1
.5
10.6
84.8
84.8
National research centers:
National Astronomy and lonosphere Center
1.1
Kitt Peak National Observatory
2.2
3.3
7.8
3.3
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
3.0
7.8
7.8
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
3.0
National Center for Atmospheric Research
20.5
3.0
17.9
20.5
20.5
17.9
17.9
Subtotal
19.0
33.5
52.5
52.5
Science information activities
International cooperative scientific activities
5.0
5.0
5.0
Research applied to national needs
7.0
3.0
1.2
14.7
2.0
8.0
5.0
8.0
Intergovernmental, scientific and research utili-
0.5
20.0
8.0
70.9
5.0
19.6
148.9
148.9
zation
Institutional improvement for science
1.0
1.0
1.0
Graduate student support
1.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
Science education improvement
3.2
3.2
9,5
12.7
Planning and policy studies
25.0
25.0
36.4
61.4
Program development and management
2.7
2.7
2.7
13.2
13.2
26.3
39.5
Subtotal
56.1
27.3
61.6
103.2
46. 8
Special foreign currency program
42.1
45.0
17.6
49.5
108. 8
50.4
11.3
89.3
709.0
74.2
783.2
5.0
5.0
5.0
Fiscal year 1975 total
56.1
27.3
61.6
103.2
46.8
42.1
45.0
17.6
49.5
108.8
50.4
11.3
94.3
714.0
74.2
788.2
Fiscal year 1974 total (obligations)
49.9
22.9
60.2
74.9
38.4
Fiscal year 1973 total (obligations)
31.4
34.3
15.2
48.9
35.6
20.6
59.6
54.2
71.1
40.7
9.5
37.5
96.1
28.9
568.7
32.1
77.7
646.4
14.5
37.3
50.7
37.5
119
9.9
93.8
537.0
73.3
610.3
COMPARISON OF FISCAL YEAR 1974 WITH FISCAL YEAR 1975, NSF REQUEST AND COMMITTEE ACTIONS
[In millions of dollars]
Fiscal year 1975 requests
Fiscal year 1975 committee action
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Fiscal year 1974
Request to
Change from
Percent change
Change from
Categories
obligations
Congress
1974
from 1974
Approved
request
1. Scientific research project support
291. 3
363. 7
+72.4
+24.8
354. 0
-9.7
2. National and special research programs
91. 6
84.8
-6.8
-7.4
86. 0
+1.2
42. 5
52. 5
+10.0
+23. 5
52. 5
0
3. National research centers
4. Science information activities
8.0
5.0
-3.0
-37.5
8.3
+3.3
5. International cooperative activities
6.4
8.0
+1.6
+25.0
8.0
0
6. Research applied to national needs
75. 1
148. 9
+73.8
+98.2
139. 1
- -9.8
120
1.0
1.0
0
0
1.0
0
7. Intergovernmental science program
8. Institutional improvement for science
10. 0
3.0
-7.0
-70.0 -
10. 0
+7.0
9. Graduate student support
13. 0
12.7
3
-2.3
13.2
+. 5
10. Science education improvement
67. 5
61. 4
-6.1
-9.0
68. 9
+7.5
11. Planning and policy studies
2.6
2.7
+. 1
+3. 8
2.7
0
12. Program development and management
31. 6
39. 5
+7.9
+25.0
39. 5
0
640. 6
783. 2
+142.6
+22.2
783. 2
0
Subtotal
5.6
5.0
6
- -10.7
5.0
0
13. Special foreign currency program
Total, NSF
1 646. 3
788. 2
+142. 0
+21.9
788. 2
0
1 The fiscal year 1974 total of new funds obligated is $577,400,000-while the total shown
prior year excess foreign currencies brought forward.
is $646,300,000. This is due to the following: (1) $64,400,000 in prior year regular funds
2 Includes $116,100,000 for energy related budget amendment.
brought forward; (2) $1,860,000 added by a pay increase supplemental; (3) $2,660,000 in
Law 92-86.
million.
each are shown on page 120 of this report.
(121)
The line item budget categories and the funds recommended for
There are 12 budget categories in Section 1 of the bill this year.
first incorporated into the fiscal year 1972 Authorization Act, Public
sum authorization requested by the NSF. The line item budget was
The Committee approved a line item budget rather than the lump
LINE ITEM BUDGET
A detailed account of the actions taken by the Committee follows:
the actual increase over FY 1974 estimated obligations is $142 million.
a supplemental pay increase amounting to an aggregate of $68 million,
increase of $210.8 million. However, due to prior year carryovers plus
with estimated new-money obligations in 1974 of $577.4 million-an
ation of $569.6 million-an increase of $218.6 million; it compares
lion-an increase of $152.6 million; it compares with a 1974 appropri-
This compares with an authorization for FY 1974 of $635.6 mil-
budget at the same figure requested by the Administration-$788.2
request by $19.5 million in two other categories. This leaves the total
to the Administration request in five of the categories and reduced the
In making the foregoing change, the Committee added $19.5 million
the special foreign currency program.
as in past years, according to the 12 major categories requested plus
H.R. 13999 but it has put the Foundation's budget in line-item form,
The Committee has included all of the provisions of H.R. 12816 in
request was thus $788.2 million.
in support of the Foundation's research activities abroad. The total
tional funds, plus $5 million in excess foreign currencies to be used
H.R. 12816 requested a lump sum of $783.2 million in new obliga-
reported by Committee.
represents the Administration's request. H.R. 13999 is the clean bill
Foundation, was introduced by Mr. Teague on February 13, 1974. It
H.R. 12816, the 1975 authorization bill for the National Science
COMMITTEE ACTIONS
123
Graduate Student Support
Administration Request
$12, 700, 000
Committee Increase
500,000
Committee Recommendation
13,200,000
COMMITTEE BUDGET ACTIONS
Category 9.-An increase of $500,000 which would restore the
The changes to the budget request submitted by the Administration
$300,000 cut from the 1974 level of this program and provide a small
incremental increase of $200,000. The Committee has been a strong
were as follows:
advocate of the Graduate Student Support program, although that
Changes in Section 1
program has consistently been reduced over the past 4 or 5 years. The
A line item budget is recommended with totals for each category
Committee believes that, particularly in view of the general scarcity
as shown in the table on page 120. This mode of authorization has
of graduate student support and of the highly-trained manpower it
been followed by the Committee since FY 1972.
provides, this program should recede no further and that the $200,000
increase will barely make up for inflationary factors.
INCREASES
Science Education Improvement
The $19.5 million by which the Committee increased the Admin-
Administration Request
$61,400,000
istration request is distributed as follows:
Committee Increase
7,500,000
Committee Recommendation
68,900,000
National and Special Research Programs
Category 10.-An increase of $7.5 million to bolster the only major
Administration Request
$84,800,000
Committee Increase
1,200,000
science education program which the Foundation retains. This pro-
Committee Recommendation
86,000,000
gram is designed to provide improvement in education methods and
curricula, as well as assistance to students from the elementary level
Category 2.-An increase of $1.2 million which would be applied to
up to the post-graduate. The increase contemplated would restore this
the Experimental R. & D. Incentives Program over and above the $1
program to the 1974 level and includes $1.4 million to compensate for
million requested. NSF requested $11 million for this important
funds diverted to technician training and aid to scholars from abroad
technology transfer activity but the amount was reduced to $1 mil-
in energy-related study.
lion by OMB. The Committee believes that the addition indicated will
DECREASES
provide a minimal level of activity to prevent complete deterioration
of the program.
The $19.5 million by which the Committee decreased the Adminis-
Science Information Activities
tration request is distributed as follows:
Administration Request
$5,000,000
Committee Increase
3,300,000
Scientific Research Project Support
Committee Recommendation
8,300,000
Administration Request
$363,700,000
Committee Decrease
Category 4.-An increase of $3.3 million which would restore this
9,700,000
Committee Recommendation
354,000,000
program to the level originally requested of OMB bythe Founda-
tion-and also permit an increase of $300,000 over last year. The pro-
Category 1.-Scientific Research Project Support, the largest single
gram needs emphasis, development and coordination with other simi-
component of the Foundation's overall program, was increased from
lar Federal efforts in order to become broadly effective.
$291.3 million in FY 1974 obligations to $363.7 million for FY 1975
a 24.8% increase. This occurred although the Foundation had re-
Institutional Improvement for Science
quested of OMB an increase of only $41.7 million to a level of $333
$3,000,000
million: a 12.2% increase. The Committee action has placed the 1975
Administration Request
Committee Increase
7,000,000
level for this category at $354 million.
Committee Recommendation
10,000,000
Research Applied To National Needs
Category 8.-An increase of $7 million which would restore the
Institutional Grants for Science Program to last year's level. This
Administration Request
$148,900,000
Committee Decrease
9,800,000
program is of great importance to the nation's colleges and univer-
Committee Recommendation
139,100,000
sities since it is one of the very few in existence which is devoted essen-
tially to building up and improving the entire science departments of
those institutions which qualify for support. This program operated
last year at the $7 million level but the Foundation had planned to
eliminate it for FY 1975. The Committee is strongly of the opinion
that the program should be neither dropped nor reduced.
(122)
124
125
Category 6.-Research Applied to National Needs (RANN), the
second largest component in the Foundation's budget, was increased
Subsections (g) and (h) place a floor of $3.8 million and $2 million
from $75.1 million in FY 1974 to $148.9 million in FY 1975: an in-
under Student Programs and High School Student Projects, respec-
crease of 98.2%. This occurred although the Foundation had requested
tively, also in Category 10. These floors have been established to assure
of OMB an increase of only $6.9 million to a level of $82 million: an
that funding for lower-level science education programs shall not be
increase of 8.4%. The Committee action has placed the 1975 level for
merged with other programs or only partially funded.
this category at $139.1 million.
It must be emphasized that all of the limitations which are directed
The reason for the decreases in these areas is to keep the total
toward making sure that the Foundation does not slight its programs
authorization within the amount requested by the Administration.
for science education stem from a long-standing interest which the
The categories chosen for reduction were those which had received,
Committee has had in this field-and from its conviction that with-
by far, the largest budget request increases over FY 1974, both in
out adequate manpower, both in numbers and in training, our best
efforts in research and development in every area will prove ineffectual.
dollars and in percentages.
It should be noted that both Research Projects and the RANN pro-
The Committee notes with grave concern that support of science edu-
gram received dollar increases of approximately $73 million. Under
cation in the Foundation, in spite of numerous Congressional warn-
the change which the Committee has made in H.R. 13999, Research
ings, has been steadily waning over most of the past decade. In FY
Projects will still receive an increase of just under $63 million-$21
1970, for example, support of science education amounted to 36% of
million more than it requested from OMB-which amounts to a boost
the total Foundation budget. That support now stands at 9.7%. Al-
of 21.6%. For RANN, the change made by the Committee will still
though the overall budget for the Foundation has increased dramati-
mean an increase of $64 million-or $57 million more than was re-
cally during the same period, the actual number of dollars for science
quested of OMB originally-which amounts to a boost of 85%.
education has dropped by more than 47%-from $165 million in FY
It is important, however, that it be understood that the chief reason
1970 to a request of $87 million in FY 1975. If inflationary factors are
for the large increases in both categories was to stimulate and accel-
taken into account this falloff is much greater.
erate the national energy R. & D. program. The Committee is of the
It is further a glaring indication of the attitude of the Foundation
opinion that the small cuts made will in no way hamper the overall
and of OMB that the major areas which both sought to reduce in
the request for the current budget were the three categories involv-
energy R. & D. effort.
ing science education support. The Committee trusts that the Founda-
Limitations in Section 2
tion will keep these observations in mind in the future-as well as
Subsections (a), (b) and (c) placed floors under the authorized
those lows. enunciated on this topic under "Committee Views," which fol-
amount in each of the education categories described in Section 1-
i.e., Categories 8, 9, and 10 shown in the table on page 120. These pro-
Subsection (i) is designed to assure that, in the conduct of its Solar
visions mean that not less than the amount stipulated shall remain
Energy Research and Technology program in Category 6, the Founda-
available for such purposes. They have been included to assure that
tion coordinates that program with NASA in such a way that maxi-
funds in these areas shall not be transferred to or merged with other
mum advantage will be taken of the special capabilities of each
agency. It requires that the two agencies report on their plans, sched-
programs. Subsection (d) places a similar floor under the Experimental
ules and other findings to this Committee and its counterpart in the
R. & D. Incentives Program contained in Category 2 in accordance
Senate not later than 90 days after this Act becomes effective. It fur-
with the same rationale.
ther provides that where it is found that NASA can appropriately
Subsection (e) places a floor of $2 million for fire research in the
carry out parts of this program, particularly in the engineering and
RANN program. The reason for this requirement is to assure that the
demonstration phases, it shall be SO assigned and funded through NSF.
scientific and technological research capability in the field of fire
research continues as a part of the RANN program, Category 6.
Subsection (f) places a floor of $1.5 million under the Science
Faculty Fellowship Program in Category 10. Last year the Com-
mittee on Science and Astronautics, as well as the Senate Committee,
stipulated that this modest program to assist faculty fellows should
be maintained. In spite of that directive, the Foundation has planned
in its 1975 budget to merge the Fellowship Program into the Research
Participation Program. While the two programs may reasonably be
jointly administered, there are marked differences between them and
the Committee is of the opinion that the Faculty Fellowship Program
should not lose its identity. This floor does not involve any addition or
deletion of funds; it simply allocates the $2.5 million scheduled for
Research Participation into two programs SO as to reinstate the Fellow-
ship Program.
31-373 74 9
127
sible in theory or principle can in fact be achieved in a laboratory
situation. This is much narrower than the NSF definition.
Another agency defines proof of concept as a method by which
an advanced design or principle is tested for feasibility by means
short of actual incorporation in a pre-production prototype or device.
COMMITTEE VIEWS
This definition places proof of concept within the development phase,
a step beyond its placement by NSF.
APPLIED RESEARCH
In industry, proof of concept can mean several different things,
depending on whether it involves only technical issues or also includes
The Committee gave careful consideration to trends toward applied
such questions as costs, ease or desirability of use, reliability, and
research which the Foundation has been following since it received
SO on.
limited authority to engage in such research in 1968. These trends
No acceptable, unambiguous definition of proof of concept has been
show that NSF has increased its support for applied research from
developed by the Committee SO far. However, the Committee feels
less than 10% of its total research effort in 1970 to 21% in 1975. Its
that more effort should be expended in attaining the objective of an
ratio of applied-to-basic research has gone from 12% to over 25%.
operational definition for proof of concept during the coming year.
The Committee's concern stems from the following: (a) the chief
In the meantime, the Committee recommends a two-fold approach
function of NSF is to support basic research; (b) the Congressional
be implemented in dealing with the question of precisely how far NSF
intent of the 1968 Amendments which authorized support of applied
should take its RANN research programs toward actual development
research appears to have been severely stretched; and (c) there are
and demonstration.
almost twice as many Federal entities engaged in applied R&D as
(1) General Criteria
there are in basic research, and they support it at a level over six times
as great. The Committee, as it has done several times before, cautions
The National Science Foundation should maintain its character as
the Foundation about these trends. In addition, the Committee is giv-
a science agency-the Federal organization with primary responsi-
ing consideration to a separate examination of this problem, apart
bility for basic research and education in the sciences. In general,
from its annual authorization activities, prior to the next budget sub-
therefore, the Committee endorses criteria specifying that proof of
mission by the Foundation.
concept relates only to a laboratory demonstration of some possible
theory or principle.
PROOF OF CONCEPT
(2) Special Cases
The National Science Foundation has testified that RANN supports
It is recognized that different situations can arise because the state
research projects through the proof of concept stage. According to the
of technology varies greatly in different areas as well as in the involve-
Foundation, proof of concept follows basic research and applied re-
ment of Federal mission agencies. At least for the interim, therefore,
search within the research and development process.
a flexible definition for proof of concept is necessary.
The Committee has spent considerable effort in trying to develop
The Committee recognizes that a transfer of an activity from
an operational definition of proof of concept. This effort has included a
applied research to development occurs gradually rather than abruptly
review of how various Federal agencies and industrial organizations
and is marked by close working relationships at both the technical
use the term within the context of their own activities. NSF has stated
and managerial levels. This means that coordination between re-
that proof of concept experiments are limited to testing systems tech-
search agencies such as NSF and the user agencies should be required,
nology as well as investigating the social, economic, institutional and
with an upgraded reporting mechanism.
environmental barriers to introducing the system into widespread use.
The Committee recommends the following specific actions be taken
The limit to NSF research is determined on a case by case basis.
with regard to the projects in the RANN category:
General NSF criteria, however, include:
(a) Identification of a user for each individual RANN work
(a) The size of the project is small, and not on a commercial
unit.
(b) scale. The experimental systems are all different, and are never
RANN contract.
(b) Investigation of the feasibility of users approving each
(c) identical. Critical components can be tested within a general system.
(c) Establishment of utilization programs in each user organi-
zation SO that RANN projects can be tracked by the users from
(d) An experimental system may be designed for demonstrat-
Other Federal agencies evidently use different definition of proof
ing commercial viability if it is not in continuous operation.
their results. inception in order to assure optimum utilization of RANN
of concept. According to one agency, a proof of concept experiment
The NSF is requested to report to the Committee not later than
is one which is undertaken to prove that some reaction which is pos-
October 31, 1974, on its implementation of the foregoing approach.
(126)
128
129
PROPORTION OF BUDGET FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION
Committee has repeatedly urged the Foundation to make a stronger
The Committee is concerned about the steady decline in the per-
effort to disemminate the results of RANN's work. However, this
centage of the NSF's budget which is devoted to Science Education.
should not be done at the expense of the Intergovernmental Science
In 1970, 36% of the Foundation's budget was devoted to science edu-
program, with its very modest funding level. While the Intergovern-
cation activities. In 1972 that percentage had gone down to 19 percent.
mental Science program has been merged organizationally into the
In the proposed budget for FY 1975 less than 10 percent would be
RANN organization, and while many of the Foundation's staff in this
devoted to science education activities. This year the Committee again
field have expertise in both the Intergovernmental Science field and
found it necessary to restore funds to the budget for certain science
in the RANN dissemination field, the Committee believes that the
education activities which the Committee in past years has strongly
funds contained in the authorization line item for "Intergovernmental
supported. As a result the percentage of science education funds has
Science", should remain available for that program only.
been raised to just under 12 percent, a figure still far below the percent-
age just a few years ago. In addition, while the Committee has sup-
ported the very substantial increase in science education research
activities, there has clearly not been a continuation of support for
the types of science education programs which constituted the bulk
of the Foundation's science education program in previous years. In
the Committee's view the balance between research and sustaining
activities in the science education program must be redressed. The
Committee invites the Foundation's attention to the strong interest
in science education which is evidenced in the hearings on this subject,
and as evidenced in the amendment to the NSF's organic act adopted
by the Congress in 1972, specifically making the Foundation respon-
sible for the Federal effort toward the health and growth of science
education in the United States. A thorough review by the NSF of
the long-range future of the science education program in light of
these comments would appear to be in order.
INSTITUTIONAL IMPROVEMENT FOR SCIENCE
The Committee wishes to emphasize that the $7 million restored to
this program is specifically for the purpose of maintaining Institu-
tional Grants for Science at the 1974 level. It is not intended that these
funds be utilized within the general improvement for science category
on behalf of the separate program for the improvement of university
research management.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE PROGRAM
In past years the Committee has provided funds under a separate
line item for the Intergovernmental Science Program. This program
is aimed at bringing science and technology to bear on the problems
of State and local government. In the past the program has produced
some notable successes in providing advice of a scientific and techno-
logical nature to many of the State governors, and more recently
an effort has been made to bring the same kinds of advice to several
of the State legislatures. The Committee believes that this small, but
promising program should continue at the current funding level of
$1 million and has provided authorization for that sum in fiscal year
1975. In its budget request the NSF asked for $1 million for "Inter-
governmental Science and Research Utilization". This reflects the
Foundation's desire to use a portion of the Intergovernmental Science
funds for the dissemination of the results of the RANN program. The
131
SECTION 4
This section authorizes $5 million in excess foreign currencies for
NSF research outside the United States.
SECTION 5
SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE BILL
This section provides that funds appropriated pursuant to this Act
shall remain available for expenditure and obligation according to
such provisions as the Appropriations Acts may specify.
A bill to authorize appropriations for activities of the National Science Foun-
dation, and for other purposes.
SECTION 6
SECTION 1
This section provides that funds may be transferred, subject to any
This section authorizes appropriations to the National Science Foun-
restraints in other parts of the Act, into or out of any category in
dation for fiscal year 1975 in the amount of $783,200,000. The cate-
Section 1 up to an amount equal to 10 percent of that category. If the
Foundation wishes to transfer sums in excess of 10 percent, it must
gories authorized are as follows:
(1) Scientific Research Project Support, $354,000,000.
first notify the appropriate House and Senate committees and then
(2) National and Special Research Programs, $86,000,000.
observe a 30-day waiting period unless each committee agrees to the
(3) National Research Centers, $52,500,000.
action prior to that time.
SECTION 7
(4) Science Information Activities, $8,300,000.
(5) International Cooperative Scientific Activities, $8,000,000.
This section is a standard requirement withdrawing NSF support
(6) Research Applied to National Needs, $139,100,000.
from any individuals receiving such support who may have committed
(7) Intergovernmental Science Program, $1,000,000.
serious offenses or caused violent disruption to or within their respec-
(8) Institutional Improvement for Science, $10,000,000.
tive research institutions.
(9) Graduate Student Support, $13,200,000.
SECTION 8
(10) Science Education Improvement, $68,900,000.
(11) Planning and Policy Studies, $2,700,000.
This section requires that the Director of the Foundation keep the
(12) Program Development and Management, $39,500,000.
Committee and its counterpart Senate committee fully and continu-
ally informed with respect to all Foundation activities-completed,
SECTION 2
underway or contemplated.
Subsections (a), (b) and (c) place floors under the authorized
SECTION 9
amount in each of the education categories described in Section 1-i.e.,
This section provides for the short title of the bill.
Categories 8, 9 and 10.
Subsection (d) places a floor of $2,200,000 under the Experimental
R&D Incentives Program contained in Category 2.
Subsection (e) places a floor of $2,000,000 under the Fire Research
program, a part of Category 6.
Subsection (f) places a floor of $1.5 million under the Science Fac-
ulty Fellowship Program, a part of Category 10.
Subsections (g) and (h) place a floor of $3.8 million and $2 million
under the Student Programs and High School Student Projects, re-
spectively, also in Category 10.
Subsection (i) requires the Foundation to coordinate its Solar
Energy Research program, a part of Category 6, with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, to report back to the appropri-
ate House and Senate committees on the joint plans within 90 days
of the effective date of this act, and to place such projects as may be
appropriately carried out by NASA under its management but
through regular Foundation funding channels.
SECTION 3
This section provides $5,000 to be expended at the discretion of the
Director of NSF for official consultation and other unusual expenses.
(130)
133
Finally, a provision comparable to section 10 of P.L. 93-96, which
prohibited the use of NSF funds for the conduct or support of
research on "a human fetus which is outside the womb of its mother
and which has a beating heart," is omitted inasmuch as the Founda-
COST AND BUDGET DATA
tion has never conducted or supported such research and does not
intend to do SO.
The bill will authorize appropriations for fiscal year 1975 in the
The Office of Management and Budget has advised us that enact-
amount of $788.2 million in new obligational authority, including $5
ment of the proposed bill would be in accord with the program of
the President.
million in excess foreign currencies.
In accordance with the requirements of Sec. 252(b) of the Legisla-
Sincerely yours,
tive Reorganization Act of 1970, the Committee notes that H.R. 13999
H. GUYFORD STEVER,
is an authorization bill for one year only. If the programs it authorizes
Director.
remain unchanged during the next 5 years but the same level of effort
is expended, there will be no change in costs other than those occa-
sioned by inflation or Federal salary increases.
COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS
A quorum being present, the bill was passed by voice vote.
AGENCY RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendation from the National Science Founda-
tion accompanied the draft bill introduced on February 13, 1974, as
H.R. 12816 in the amount of $788.2 million, including $5 million in
excess foreign currencies.
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION,
Washington, D.C., February 4, 1974.
Hon. CARL ALBERT,
Speaker of the House of Representatives,
House of Representatives, Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SPEAKER: Public Law 90-407 provides that appropria-
tions for the National Science Foundation to carry out its powers and
duties have prior authorization from the Congress. Pursuant to this
requirement, there is enclosed herewith a draft authorization bill for
fiscal year 1975 for the National Science Foundation, together with
a sectional analysis.
The major differences between the proposed legislation and P.L.
93-96-the National Science Foundation Authorization Act, 1974-
includes: Line item amounts which appeared in P.L. 93-96 are elimi-
nated in favor of the more flexible lump sum authorization, and con-
sequently, no provision comparable to section 6 of P.L. 93-96 appears.
Also, unlike P.L. 93-96, no minimum amounts have been specified for
particular NSF programs.
A provision commonly known as the "student unrest clause" is
omitted because of doubts as to the constitutionality of such a clause;
an unappealed decision by a Federal District Court has held an
almost identical clause in certain DHEW legislation to be unconsti-
tutionally vague.
(132)
ADDITIONAL VIEWS OF THE HONORABLE ALPHONZO
BELL, CONCURRED IN BY THE HONORABLE GEORGE
E. BROWN, JR.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) authorization bill, which
the Committee on Science and Astronautics has approved, is a sound
proposal and merits our general support. This measure provides the
means for continuing our nation's leadership in science and technology.
The research, both basic and applied, which the current bill sup-
ports will set the stage for dividends which we will collect for many
years to come.
In this regard we believe that there is no more urgent national pri-
ority today than the expeditious resolution of our energy shortcomings.
The problem permeates virtually every sector of our economy and
daily lives. Our response must meet the challenge. The energy chal-
lenge warrants no less than a maximum effort.
For this reason we take exception to the Committee's reduction of
funding for NSF programs largely devoted to research into solving
the energy problem. This is anomalous since with its arsenal of talent
and knowledge the NSF should be in the vanguard of this effort.
In particular we are concerned with a cut of $9.8 million in funding
for Research Applied to National Needs (RANN). Almost two-thirds
of the RANN budget is earmarked for programs designed to cope with
the energy problem. The amount originally requested for RANN in
FY 1975 was $148.9 million. This figure was first reduced to $144.6
million and then to $139.1 million. The FY 1974 RANN allocation
was only $75.1 million. In terms of absolute dollars, the increase is of
course significant. But is it enough to meet the challenge? We believe
not. Furthermore, the funding for Scientific Research Project Sup-
port (SRPS) was cut by $9.7 million, i.e., from $363.7 million to $360.0
million and finally to $354.0 million. SRPS also participates signifi-
cantly in research aimed at increasing our energy supply.
The FY 74 RANN allocation was determined before the energy
crisis was fully appreciated. Hence it was unrealistically low. It would
be self-deceptive to measure our progress by the mere statistical in-
crease in its allocation. We should focus on providing the funds neces-
sary to do the job at hand today. After years of inattention to the loom-
ing energy problem an accelerated effort is needed here. RANN serves
as an important bridge between NSF's basic research programs and
the implementation of this research in solving current practical prob-
lems. It is the focal point for transforming impersonal graphs, charts,
and reams of numbers into lower power costs, stabilized employment,
and the preservation of our high standard of living. In our opinion, to
economize here is shortsighted and imprudent. After years of support-
ing basic research, the American taxpayer now deserves a full return
(135)
136
on his investment. It would take great temerity to suggest he deserves
anything less.
At the same time the committee reduced RANN's allocation below
the amount requested, it proceeded to increase the funding of two other
areas above that request, viz., Graduate Student Support by $0.5 mil-
lion and Science Education Improvement by $7.5 million. While both
these areas deserve our support, the needs in these areas have remained
relatively stable as compared with the need for immediate energy re-
search. We believe the allocation of funds requested of Congress for
FY 1975 represented an optimal distribution.
It is imperative that Congress provide the leadership, direction, and
perseverance necessary to resolve our energy problems. The gas lines
may return as rapidly as they disappeared. We are apprehensive that
a reduction in research directed toward solving our energy problems
may be interpreted as indicating either that Congress' concern with
this topic is ebbing or that the Congress no longer believes the prob-
lem serious. Either inference would be erroneous. While the average
citizen may lose sight of the energy shortage as the gas lines dis-
appear, Members of Congress have too good a perspective to allow
them to minimize the seriousness of the problem. If Congress fails to
maintain the momentum in solving the energy shortage, it will likely
founder.
We are also concerned that the $9.8 million reduction for RANN
may have a more pervasive impact than generally appreciated. Federal
funds often are matched by private funds in a given project to under-
write an effort much greater than otherwise possible. Federal funds
also provide the seed money by which new ideas can be investigated.
Thus, a cut in Federal funding can trigger a domino effect whose im-
pact will reach far and wide. Because of this the effect of the $9.8
million cut could be significant. Its importance is not limited to the
amounts involved, but rather to the psychology of appearing as though
the energy problem or the drive for self-sufficiency is no longer im-
portant.
We appreciate the danger of trying to infuse too much money into
a program too early; that is, before the money can be profitably spent.
This is not the situation with RANN. In hearings before the Subcom-
mittee on Science, Research and Development it was stated that worth-
while programs were ready for pursuit which would require the full
request of $148.9 million. The bill as approved by the Full Committee
allocates $139.1 million to RANN.
The energy crisis was thrust upon our nation after years of in-
attention and will be resolved only after years of dedication. Our be-
lated start means that we must capitalize fully on the scientific knowl-
edge already discovered as well as pushing toward new ideas. After
years of sowing money in scientific research it is foolish to skimp on
harvesting the rewards. Efforts like RANN are pivotal in transform-
ing abstract scientific principles into concrete, everyday benefits and
should be given the fullest support.
ALPHONZO BELL,
GEORGE E. BROWN, Jr.
Calendar No. 819
93D CONGRESS
SENATE
REPORT
2d Session
No. 93-848
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AUTHORIZATION
ACT OF 1975
MAY 15, 1974.-Ordered to be printed
Mr. KENNEDY, from the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare,
submitted the following
REPORT
[To accompany S. 3344]
The Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, to which was referred
the bill (S. 3344) to authorize appropriations for activities of the Na-
tional Science Foundation, and for other purposes, having considered
the same, reports favorably thereon with an amendment and recom-
mends that the bill as amended do pass.
I-SUMMARY
The purpose of S. 3344, as amended by the Committee, is to author-
ize appropriations to the National Science Foundation for fiscal year
1975 in the amount of $829,800,000, and in foreign currencies which
the Treasury Department determines to be excess to the normal re-
quirements of the United States, $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1975.
II-BACKGROUND
To insure the continued strength and well-being of science in the
United States, the National Science Foundation enabling legislation
provides a broad Congressional mandate for support of basic and ap-
plied research in all areas of science. Scientific research, both basic and
applied, extends the frontiers of science and provides the new know-
ledge that will eventually permit the United States to conquer not only
technological problems, but also the social and economic challenges
that confront the nation. The National Science Foundation is the only
Federal agency charged with the responsibility of maintaining the
health of U.S. Science. Its grants, contracts and facility support are
designed to meet the diversified needs of U.S. Science and to be
33-362 0
LIBRARY
2
3.
sive in identifying problems of national concern. Equally significant
problems of national concern, for initiatives aimed at solving our
are the Foundations science education programs which are designed
energy crisis, and to maintain an adequate level for science education
not only to improve the effectiveness of science education at all aca-
and institutional science support necessary to sustain the science edu-
demic levels but to enhance science literacy and provide the scientific
cation and research roles of academic institutions. Based upon a care-
and technical manpower SO vital to our country's future.
ful and thorough review of the hearing record, and recognizing the
For fiscal year 1975, the Administration request to the Congress
past accomplishments and achievements of the National Science
provided $788.2 million in new funds for the National Science Foun-
Foundation, the Committee urges the adoption of S. 3344, as amended.
dation. This request included $5 million in excess foreign currencies
In formulating S. 3344, the Committee considered the many factors
and was $142.1 million above the budget request submitted for fiscal
that have and will continue to influence the Foundation during the
year 1974. On April 3, 1974, Senator Dominick introduced S. 3299, a
coming year. One of the single most important elements to be con-
bill that incorporated the Administration's FY 75 budget request for
sidered is NSF's expanded role in energy research and technology. For
the National Science Foundation.
fiscal 1975, the Foundation has requested a total of $252.6 million for
The Special Subcommittee on the National Science Foundation held
energy-related research. This request includes $136.5 million that is
a hearing on S. 3299 on April 5, 1974. Testifying in support of the
a part of the President's regular budget request and $116.1 million in
Foundation's FY 75 budget request were the following officials of the
additional energy research support that was submitted as part of the
NSF: Dr. H. Guyford Stever, Director; Dr. Raymond L. Bisplinghoff,
President's Budget Amendment for energy. The energy amendment
Deputy Director; Dr. Alfred Eggers, Assistant Director for Research
was the result of an Executive Branch Study of the future energy
Applications; Dr. Edward C. Creutz, Assistant Director for Research;
needs of the United States, and it is significant to note that this $116.1
Dr. Lowell Paige, Assistant Director for Education; Dr. Thomas B.
million energy amendment builds, to a large degree, upon existing
Owen, Assistant Director for National and International Programs;
NSF research programs.
and Mr. Thomas E. Jenkins, Assistant Director for Administration.
The Foundation's $252.6 million energy request includes $101.8 mil-
The Committee also heard testimony from public witnesses, including:
lion for direct energy research and facility support, and an additional
Dr. Philip Handler, President, National Academy of Sciences; Dr.
$150.8 million in indirect or supporting energy programs. The direct
Donald F. Hornig, President, Brown University, representing the
energy research is concentrated in the Research Applied to National
Association of American Universities, the National Association of
Needs (RANN) program, while the vast majority of the indirect or
State Universities and Land Grant Colleges, and the American Coun-
supporting energy research will be undertaken under the Foundation's
cil on Education; and a panel of science educators, Professor Richard
basic research project support program. Of the $101.8 million re-
Wright, Biology Department, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachu-
quested by the Foundation for direct energy research $93.4 million
setts, Professor Jane C. Belcher, Professor of Ecology, Sweetbriar
will be used by the RANN program. RANN's direct energy budget
College, Sweetbriar, Virginia, and Mr. Miles Fisher, Executive Secre-
will include $72.3 million for research in renewable energy resources,
tary, National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Educa-
such as solar and geothermal energy, and $12 million for the excep-
tion. In addition to the testimony presented during the hearing, the
tionally important area of energy conservation. In the Scientific Re-
National Science Foundation also supplied references for the Record
search Project Support Program, the Foundation requested $11.1
to a series of questions submitted by the Committee.
million for basic research in energy related areas that have the poten-
Based on the information obtained during this hearing, Senator
tial for helping to solve the nation's energy problems. Another area
Edward Kennedy introduced S. 3344 on April 10, 1974. This bill
that this committee believes to be vital to our energy effort is a care-
called for an authorization of $855.3 million, including $5 million in
fully coordinated study of the environental effects of energy, and
excess foreign currencies. This authorization level was $67.1 million
$30.5 million is included in the FY 75 budget request for this purpose.
greater than the Administration request.
This committee has long considered energy research to be an im-
At an Executive Meeting of the Special Subcommittee on the Na-
portant element of the Foundation's total scientific research program.
tional Science Foundation on May 2, 1974, Senator Dominick offered
During the Second Session of the 92nd Congress, for example, this
an amendment in the nature of a substitute to S. 3344. The substitute
committee increased significantly the level of support for the RANN
contained an authorization of $834.8 million for the Foundation's pro-
program, saying that "this increase will permit the Foundation to
grams in fiscal 1975. The substitute was unanimously accepted by the
significantly augment its support of energy and related technology,
Subcommittee and S. 3344 as amended was unanmiously reported to
particularly in solar, geothermal and other unconventional energy
the full Committee on Labor and Public Welfare by a roll call vote
sources." It is especially important that NSF continue and expand
of all seven members of the Subcommittee. On May 13, 1974, the Com-
its efforts in the energy area at this time, and the Committee welcomes
mittee on Labor and Public Welfare ordered S. 3344 as amended
the substantially increased budget request for the Foundation's FY
reported favorably to the Senate.
75 energy program. The $252.6 million requested for FY 75 compares
The authorization contained in S. 3344, as amended, will permit the
with the estimated $114.7 million being obligated in fiscal 74. The
National Science Foundation to continue to provide essential support
committee has authorized and strongly endorses the full budget
for basic research in the science disciplines, for research focused on
request for energy related research.
4
5
The committee notes, however, that more than 50 percent of the in-
crease is for energy related research and virtually all of the remainder
mittee recommends a $9.9 million increase in the Oceanographic Fa-
is for increased support for basic research in the science disciplines.
cilities and Support element of the National and Special Research
Programs, including an $8.0 million minimum for ship construction/
While the committee agrees with the need for this additional energy
conversion. Such an increase would provide for the construction of two
related and basic research and is satisfied with the proposed program
for these purposes, it also believes that it is in the national interest to
new oceanographic vessels and $1.9 million to cover the rising cost of
fuel for the oceanographic vessel fleet. In view of the significance of
provide new authorization for problem focused non-energy related
the oceanographic program to the world's environmental problems,
activities of the Foundation that did not receive the benefit of addi-
and the increasing importance of the sea's resources, the Committee
tional funds for fiscal 1975. Therefore, after comparing the line item
believes that the added investment in oceanography will result in fu-
requests for FY 75 that the Foundation submitted to the Office of
ture benefits to the nation.
Management and Budget, the Committee authorized an additional
In meeting its statutory responsibilities for maintaining U.S.
$46.6 million to meet the urgent requirements of these other NSF
strength in all fields of Science, the National Science Foundation has
programs.
supported a range of social sciencé research activities. The responsibili-
The Foundation had requested $703.45 million from the Office of
ties in this area were clarified by the 1968 amendments to the NSF
Management and Budget for FY 75. To meet the energy crisis, the
Act. Since the solution to a growing number of domestic problems
OMB increased the NSF budget request by $84.75 million, primarily
depends upon the wise utilization of a combination of social, physical
in the RANN energy area and in the energy related basic research
and environmental sciences, this committee urges the National Science
area. The RANN request increased from $82 million to $148.9 million
Foundation to maintain a strong posture on the social sciences.
to handle these energy initiatives; the Scientific Research Project
In its report on the National Science Foundation Authorization for
Support request grew by $30.7 million to $363.7 million. To offset some
fiscal 1974, the Committee expressed interest in the development
of this increase, the OMB reduced other areas of the Foundation's
of the Very Large Array (VLA) Telescope for Radio Astronomy.
budget by a total of $19.8 million. To enable the Foundation to main-
The Committee felt this project should be continued, even if a limited
tain an effective program of research, science training, and other sci-
appropriation required a modification of the construction schedule.
ence support requirements, the Committee has restored most of these
The FY 74 appropriation amounted to $5 million, exactly half of the
cuts.
budget request, but for fiscal 1975, the Foundation has requested $13
The committee is especially concerned that in the area of science
million to place the construction of this telescope back onto an accel-
education, the budget cuts would be detrimental to the continuation of
erated schedule. The committee still maintains its views on the im-
some of the Foundation's important and widely respected programs.
portance of the VLA and has authorized the full budget request.
As a result, the Committee increased the authorization in areas gen-
As a result of the Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1973, the Director
erally related to science education by a total of $24.9 million and, in
of the NSF appeared before this committee for the first time in his
addition, included language in the bill that would require the Founda-
capacity as the President's Science Advisor. In this role, the Director
tion to adhere to a stated minimum in certain of these programs.
is responsible to advise and assist the President, and the agencies in
At the same time, the Committee authorized an additional $11.8
the Executive Office of the President, on matters involving science
million for the RANN program to be used in non-energy related areas.
policy and to act as the President's representative in various interna-
Concern was expressed by some members of the Committee that these
tional scientific and technological activities. To support him in this
non-energy related RANN programs were barely holding their own
new capacity, the Director has established two new offices at NSF, the
when compared with the fiscal 1974 request and in some instances they
Science and Technology Policy Office (STPO) and the Office of
have been reduced. One area of special concern to the nation, and a
Energy R&D Policy Research. STPO exists to provide the analytical
subject that this committee has long advocated, is the improvement of
basis for policy formulation for the science Advisor and the FY 75
the Earthquake Engineering program. Last year, the Committee
program will reflect the needs for detailed studies and analyses to sup-
stipulated that at least $8 million be spent in this program for FY 74.
port the development of policy options and possible program initia-
While the Foundation has requested $8 million for earthquake engi-
tive. The Energy R&D Policy Office, which was, established on Au+
neering in the FY 75-budget, the Committee has again included a
gust 3, 1973, will assemble and mobilize a wide range of information
minimum that would require this level of activity for FY 1975. The
and advice in energy related matters, furnishing the Director with
NSF earthquake engineering program is unique and represents the
the capacity to respond to requests for policy analysis of energy issues.
only Federal program aimed at finding practical engineering methods
NSF has requested $1.5 million for FY 75 for STPO and $4.5 million
for constructing earthquake resistant structures that can withstand
for the Energy R&D Policy Office. In supporting this request, the
earthquakes. Solutions of this nature are absolutely essential if this
Committee urges the Director to continue to make his voice heard as
nation hopes to minimize the loss of life and property that accompany
Science Advisor in the discussions impacting on national science policy
earthquakes, especially in light of the recent population increases in
at the highest level of government.
earthquake prone sections of the country.
Finally, the Committee continues to be deeply concerned with the
To continue an orderly replacement program for outdated research
effects of inflation on the scientific research community. Inflation has
vessels and to provide authorization for increasing fuel costs, the Com-
reduced the effective support level of U.S. research efforts. Since FY
6
7
1967, there has been a 22% decline in constant dollars in the amount
of Federal support for scientific research. This has worked a particu-
nological progress. This research encompasses the broad areas of re-
lar hardship on NSF and academic science and represents an incon-
search that are related to energy resource development and utilization.
sistent posture on the part of the Federal government in its treatment
It includes, for example, ecological studies dealing with the impacts of
of research and development support. Federal agencies with in-house
energy resource development and utilization, engineering and mate-
laboratories have been able to compensate for inflation by means of
rials research on matters related to energy technology and chemistry,
salary, instrument and facility budget allowances. NSF has not been
physics, and a broad spectrum of other research on fundamental proc-
able to take advantage of this situation since it has no in-house re-
esses which must be better understood to make major advances in the
search capability and the Administration has refused to take the esca-
energy area over the long term. Energy-related economic studies are
lating costs of operating academic research laboratories into account
also an important element of this total integrated research effort.
in the NSF budget. The Committee strongly believes that unless NSF
These efforts complement the research under Research Applied to
takes inflation into account in the development of its program, the
National Needs which is designed to develop techniques for the prac-
hampered. Nation's capacity to produce quality scientific research will be severely
tical application of solar and geothermal energy and to explore the
feasibility of utilizing other nonconventional energy sources and the
III-NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PROGRAMS
science manpower training efforts in energy related fields which are
[Fiscal years)
included in education.
National and special research programs
National Science Foundation
request
Actual, fiscal year 1973
$103,268,869
1975
Committee
Estimate, fiscal year 1974
91,600,000
1974
appropriation
recommendation,
Estimate, fiscal year 1975
94,700,000
program
request
1975
These are major research programs that have as a chief character-
Scientific research project support
National and special research programs
$291,294,617
$363,700,000
$363,700,000
istic one or more of the following: they are heavily involved with
National research centers
91,600,000
84,800,000
94,700,000
Science info activities
42,500,000
52,500,000
52,500,000
research dealing with global environmental issues such as air-sea in-
International cooperative scientific activities
8,000,000
5,000,000
5,000,000
Reasearch applied to national needs
6,400,000
8,000,000
teraction, global weather, ocean circulation patterns; they require co-
Intergovernmental science and research utilization
75,100,000
8,000,000
148,900,000
1,000,000
160,700,000
ordinated efforts on a national or international scale; or they address
Institutional improvement for science
1,000,000
10,000,000
3,000,000
Graduate student support
3,000,000
12,000,000
special science problem areas. For example, the U.S. Antarctic Re-
Science education improvement
13,000,000
12,700,000
67,500,000
17,000,000
Planning and policy studies
61,400,000
71,000,000
search Program, the Arctic Research Program, the Ocean Sediment
Program development and management
2,600,000
2,700,000
2,700,000
31,660,000
Coring Program, and the International Decade of Ocean Exploration
39,500,000
39,500,000
Subtotal, science and education appropriation
involve extensive international coordination and cooperation in the
Special foreign currency appropriation
640,654,617
783,200,000
829,800,000
5,657,879
5,000,000
5,000,000
planning and conduct of the research, as well as extensive interaction
Total
646,312,496
788,200,000
with other U.S. Government agencies.
834,800,000
Two of the programs, Science and Technology Policy Research
A brief description of each of the programs set forth in the adminis-
($1,500,000) and Energy R&D Policy Research ($4,500,000) directly
tration's budget request follows below
support the Director of the National Science Foundation in his role as
the President's Science Adviser.
Scientific research project support
Highlights of these programs include:
Actual, fiscal year 1973
An amount of $4,000,000 is included for the Global Atmospheric
Estimate, fiscal year 1974
$277,252,364
Research Program (GARP). This is an international, interagency,
Estimate, fiscal year 1975
291,294,617
363,700,000
and multidisciplinary research effort designed to improve the capa-
This is the core research support activity of the Foundation. It in-
bilities of making long range weather forecasts. The National Ocean-
cludes research in all fields of science-physical, environmental, bio-
ographic and Atmospheric Administration is the lead agency for co-
logical, materials and social sciences, and engineering. The research is
ordination of the program, and NSF has responsibility to insure
conducted mainly through academic institutions and nonprofit research
effective participation by university scientists in the program. The
firms and other for-profit institutions.
institutions with a small but increasing participation by industrial
major part of the FY 1975 funds will be used to support studies of
the physical processes in the troposphere and stratosphere, in order
Over one-third of the total or $130,100,000 is for research which now
to gain a better understanding of the transient behavior of the
shows potential of making a contribution to long term solutions of
atmosphere.
energy problems. This includes multidirectional research in the science
The budget includes $1,000,000 for the Experimental R&D Incen-
disciplines to find answers to some fundamental questions already
tives program (RDI). Emphasis will be placed upon monitoring, man-
identified as well as research to develop the resource of new basic
aging, collecting data and evaluating experiments that were fully
knowledge that will be needed to help solve unknown barriers to tech-
funded in FY 1973 and FY 1974.
8
9
These experiments have a life of 3 to 5 years. They involve tests of
the renewable and nonrenewable resources in the Antarctic area.
various things the Federal government can do to accelerate the appli-
These studies will lead to an understanding of the influences of the
cation of new scientific and technical results. In FY 1975, the focus
will be on evaluations of the results of experiments previously funded
Antarctic area on the earth's environment. The program is designed to
maintain an effective U.S. presence in Antarctica.
and on comparative and evaluative studies of on-going programs of
NSF and other agencies that impact on the innovation process.
Continued emphasis is being provided for Oceanographic Facilities
and Support. This program is designed to provide ships and other
The National R&D Assessment program is budgeted at $3,000,000
specialized facilities required for academic oceanographic research
for FY 1975. During its first 2 years it has supported studies that
activities not only in deep ocean areas but also in continental-shelf,
analyzed (1) patterns of R&D technological innovation, (2) the in-
coastal and estuarine regions and in the Great Lakes. These facilities
centives and decisions that underlie those patterns, (3) the implica-
contribute to the Nation's marine program by sustaining an impor-
tions of alternative options on future patterns of R&D technological
tant research and training capability in the Nation's universities. The
innovation. The FY 1975 program will begin to capitalize on these
program also promotes shared use of facilities through the academic
earlier efforts and will attempt to provide a framework of knowledge
community cooperative organization entitled "University National
within which decision-makers may consider various policy options and
Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS). The authorization
their likely consequences.
for this program totals $24,900,000, or $7.0 million above the FY 1974
An amount of $15,500,000 is included for the International Decade
level.
of Ocean Exploration (IDOE). The U.S. participation in the pro-
National research centers
gram is planned, managed, and supported by NSF. The program is the
Actual, fiscal year 1973
$39,750,000
major thrust of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission's
Estimate, fiscal year 1974
42,500,000
Long-term and Expanded Program of Oceanic Exploration and Re-
Estimate, fiscal year 1975
52,500,000
search. Research projects are designed to improve understanding of
The NSF provides support for the development and operation of five
the influence of the oceans on man's activities and his impact on the
National Research Centers which have been established to meet na-
marine environment. Included are major research efforts to provide a
tional needs for research in specific areas of science. These areas of
scientific basis for improved environmental forecasting and to de-
research require facilities, equipment, staffing and operational support
velop the knowledge applicable to an ocean monitoring system for use
beyond the capabilities of separate institution and which could not
in predicting conditions in the oceans and atmosphere.
appropriately be provided to a single institution.
During FY 1975, drilling and coring of oceanic sediments and
These centers are operated and managed by non-profit organizations
rocks will continue under the Foundation's Ocean Sediment Coring
under contract with the National Science Foundation.
Program with drilling sites planned for the Atlantic Ocean and
A brief summary of each of these centers follows.
Mediterranean Sea. The sites planned for FY 1975 involve areas not
The National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC) is budg-
previously drilled as well as those where prior drilling has indicated
eted at $3,300,000. The major instrument at this facility which is lo-
the potential for particularly significant new knowledge. This is in-
cated in Puerto Rico, is a fixed 1000-foot-diameter radio-radar tele-
creasing international interest in the program and preliminary nego-
scope that is used both for transmitting and receiving radar signals,
tiations are being explored for increased international participation.
and for observing the natural radio emissions of distant celestial
The budget includes $11,000,000 for this program.
bodies. Research will include studies of the radio spectrum of mole-
The Arctice Research Program will give emphasis to the Arctic Ice
cules, atoms and radicals in interstellar clouds of gas and dust, and of
Dynamics Joint Experiment (AIDJEX). This is a multidisciplinary
complicated photochemical and dynamical processes of the upper at-
international effort to investigate the dynamic response of the pack
mosphere. Radar observations will be used to refine the values of the
ice and the underlying ocean to the forces exerted by the atmosphere.
orbital parameters of planets. There will be continued investigations
Other research being stressed is analysis of data gathered as a part of
of the radiating mechanisms of pulsars.
a 5-year Tundra Biome Project, studies on high-latitude solar-ter-
Funding in the amount of $7,800,000 is included for the Kitt Peak
restrial effects as well as earth sciences and glaciology studies. An
National Observatory (KPNO) in Arizona. This observatory supports
amount of $3,500,000 is included for this program.
research in stellar, solar, and planetary astronomy by providing opti-
Support totaling $25,800,000 is included for the U.S. Antarctic
cal instrumentation for use by the U.S. scientific community. The in-
Research Program. This amount includes logistic support totaling
strumentation includes telescopes, auxiliary equipment, and the neces-
nearly $17,000,000 which is provided by the U.S. Navy on a reimburs-
sary support services for the conduct of research by visiting scientists.
able basis. Research emphasis will be placed on (1) investigations of
A new 4-meter (aproximately 150") telescope became operational in
the physical and biological characteristics of the continent and its
FY 1974. Examples of research conducted at this Center include the
surrounding seas; (2) studies directed toward understanding the role
mapping of magnetic fields and motions of gases in the regions of the
of Antarctica in global climate variations and weather prediction;
sun; studies of the structure, chemical constituents, and radiation
(3) basic scientific investigations such as upper atmospheric physics,
characteristics of planetary atmospheres; and studies on the origin and
tectonics, terrestrial biology, and paleontology, and (4) evaluation of
evolution of stars and stellar systems.
10
11
The budget includes $3,000,000 for the Cerro Tololo Inter-American
In fiscal year 1975, final support is planned for that part of the na-
Observatory (CTIO) in Chile. This facility provides astronomers
tional informations systems program dealing with abstracting and
with a major optical observatory in the Southern Hemisphere. The
indexing systems as well as for work leading to the adoption of na-
new 4-meter telescope, identical to the recently dedicated 4-meter on
tional abstracting standards.
Kitt Peak, Arizona, will become fully operational in FY 1975. It will
be the largest telescope in the Southern Hemisphere and will enable
International cooperative scientific activities
CTIO to carry forward new investigations of nebulae, quasars, pulsars
Actual, fiscal year 1973
$4, 684, 113
and remote extragalactic objects.
Estimate, fiscal year 1974
6,400,000
An amount of $20,500,000 is included for the National Radio As-
Estimate, fiscal year 1975
8,000,000
tronomy Observatory (NRAO). This observatory provides radio tele-
The amount of $8,000,000 included for this program in fiscal year
scopes, auxiliary equipment, and support services to enable qualified
1975 will enable NSF to provide increased support for 17 bilateral
scientists to conduct advanced research on celestrial radio sources at
research and exchange programs. Expanded programs of science co-
various wavelengths throughout the radio spectrum. Of the amount
operation are planned with various countries including the U.S.S.R.,
requested, $13,000,000 is included to continue construction of the Very
France, and others. In addition, there will be growth in cooperative
Large Array (VLA) radio telescope which, when completed, will pro-
vide radio astronomers with the most advanced instrumentation ca-
efforts with Japan and other Pacific nations. Through such agreements
pable of significantly increasing sensitivity and resolution in radio
and programs, the U.S. and foreign scientists are provided opportuni-
ties to do research on scientific problems whose solutions may be ac-
astronomy.
celerated through collaborative efforts. The Foundation has lead
The Foundation plans to support the National Center for Atmos-
pheric Research (NCAR) in Colorado at a level of $17,900,000 in FY
agency responsibility for many of the areas approved under United
1975. The mission of the Center is to plan and conduct, in cooperation
States-U.S.S.R. Agreement for Science and Technology.
with universities and other scientific organizations, atmospheric re-
Increased funding for fiscal year 1975 will be used to support a spe-
search programs requiring large scale coordinated efforts and facilities
cial program in international cooperation in the field of energy re-
beyond the capabilities of single university departments, and to pro-
search and development. The Foundation will also provide support
vide facilities and logistic support to the atmospheric sciences pro-
to the National Academy of Sciences for operation of selected U.S.
gram of universities. The major facilities include scientifically instru-
National Committees that are important for effective U.S. participa-
mented aircraft, field observing equipment, a powerful computer
tion in non-governmental international scientific activities. Included
capability to support atmospheric research, and the National Scien-
in this program is $1,000,000 for the annual U.S. share of support
tific Balloon Facility in Texas. In fiscal year 1975, research will con-
for the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.
tinue on the development of a numerical model of global circulation
Research applied to national needs
that takes into account ocean-atmosphere interactions, stratospheric
circulation and the effects of major mountain ranges. Emphasis will
Actual, fiscal year 1973
$69,887,314
also continue on a long-term program to produce a three-dimensional
Estimate, fiscal year 1974
75,100,000
model of the sun's outer atmosphere.
Estimate, fiscal year 1975
160,700,000
An amount of $160,700,000 is included for the Research Applied to
Science information activities
National Needs (RANN) program, to support five major program
Actual, fiscal year 1973
areas: Energy Research and Technology; Environmental Systems
$8,464,408
Estimate, fiscal year 1974
8,000,000
and Resources; Advanced Technology Applications; Social Systems
Estimate, fiscal year 1975
5,000,000
and Human Resources; and Exploratory Research and Problem
Assessment.
The program for fiscal year 1975 includes $5,000,000 for projects to
The RANN program is designed to focus U.S. scientific and tech-
develop and improve information systems and services to promote the
nical resources on selected problems of national importance, with the
dissemination of scientific information and to help scientists and others
objective of contributing to their practical solution. An important
obtain and use the results of worldwide scientific research. This goal
purpose of RANN is to shorten the lead time between the discoveries
is pursued by supporting activities whose results can be applied to
of science and their application in meeting the Nation's needs. RANN
improve and extend science information services provided by Govern-
provides a key bridge between the Foundation's basic research and
ment agencies, scientific societies, colleges and universities, and pri-
education programs and the development and operations programs of
vate organizations. Support is limited to projects of national signifi-
the Federal mission agencies and other elements of the user com-
cance that cannot be successfully conducted by private organizations
munity, including State and local governments and private industry.
without Federal support. During fiscal year 1975, increased support
A major emphasis in all program areas of RANN is research utiliza-
will be provided for research to develop improved user-responsive
tion, and special emphasis is being placed on efforts to move RANN
computer information networks and to assess the operational implica-
results into the public and private sectors in FY 1975.
tions of new technology upon individual and organizational users will
The principle emphasis of the RANN program currently is placed
also be supported.
upon three major problem areas. These are Energy, the Environment,
13
12
Intergovernmental science and research utilization
and Productivity. Applied research in each of these areas builds upon
the results of exploratory research and problem assessments under-
Actual, fiscal year 1973
$997, 733
taken to determine the need for more intensive study and the appli-
Estimate, fiscal year 1974
1,000,000
Estimate, fiscal year 1975
3,000,000
cability of science and technology in meeting national needs.
Energy Research and Technology-The National Science Founda-
The sum of $3,000,000 is included for this program to provide sup-
tion's program for FY 1975 includes a major research effort to find
port for efforts designed (1) to aid State and local governments to
ways to make practical application of solar and geothermal energy.
increase their capability to employ science and technology effectively
It also includes studies designed to explore the use of other non-
and (2) to formulate policies, procedures and programs for the dis-
conventional energy sources, such as wind energy, ocean thermal
semination and utilization of research results from the Foundation's
gradients, and others. A major thrust is focused on the application of
RANN program. The program plays a significant role in understand-
solar energy to the heating and cooling of buildings. Other highlights
ing and analyzing the implications of various science and technology
include efforts to find more efficient ways to utilize conventional energy
policies.
resources such as coal, shale deposits, and others; systems analysis
Institutional improvement for science
studies to access alternative energy systems and public policy options;
and a variety of studies dealing with energy conversion and storage,
Actual, fiscal year 1973
$9,101,767
Estimate, fiscal year 1974
10,000,000
energy and fuel transportation and energy systems. Another area of
Estimate, fiscal year 1975
12,000,000
emphasis is research to increase engine fuel economy and cycle
The $12 million is included for this program. This will provide for
efficiency.
a continuation of the Institutional Grants for Science Program and
Environment-RANN environmental research activities are focused
Institutional Grants for Research Management Improvement.
on four major areas:
A concerted research effort to determine the environmental
Graduate student support
effects of energy utilization;
Actual, fiscal year 1973
$15, 308, 895
Efforts to improve the Nation's overall ability to effectively
Estimate, fiscal year 1974
13,000,000
manage the environment;
Estimate, fiscal year 1975
17,000,000
Research focussed on alleviating threats to the natural envir-
The authorization provides $17 million for Graduate Student sup-
onment; and
port for FY 1975. These competitive 3-year fellowships are designed
Research to mitigate threats to the man-made environment.
to insure that the Nation's most talented science students will have an
In fiscal year 1975, research will focus on determining the effect of
opportunity to pursue science careers in disciplines of their choice. It
energy extraction, conversion, and use on the natural environment.
also makes provision for postdoctoral fellowships and science man-
This program, based on previous RANN research, is also an impor-
power training.
tant element of the total Federal energy effort. Research will focus on
Science education improvement
strengthening the scientific basis for implementing emerging Fed-
eral and State land use legislation, understanding and correcting the
Actual, fiscal year 1973
$46,924,510
Estimate, fiscal year 1974
67,500,000
effects of waste discharges in estuarine areas and on studies that can
Estimate, fiscal year 1975
71,000,000
provide information to local decision-makers concerned with the im-
Funds in the amount of $71,000,000 are included for the Science
pact on the environment of various urbanizing activities. Weather
Education Improvement activity. This activity provides support for
modification research will continue to develop improved understand-
programs that are designed to increase educational efficiency, help pro-
ing of extreme weather phenomena and studies of the social and eco-
vide the essential number and variety of trained scientists and engi-
nomic aspects of weather modification will be stressed.
neers, and provide science training that will enable the non-scientist
Research in trace contaminants will provide important data on the
to function confidently both as a worker and as a citizen in our science
environmental and human consequences stemming from mining, man-
and technology-intensive society. The NSF programs for fiscal year
ufacturing, use and disposal of selected potentially or overtly toxic
1975 aim directly at the achievement of these goals.
metals and synthetic organic compounds.
In addition to continuation of previous energy related efforts,
Productivity-The RANN program for FY 1975 gives continuing
$1,400,000 has been added in FY 1975 specifically for two types of
strong support for various studies related to productivity. This in-
energy related projects, one involving technician education and the
cludes research efforts aimed at improving advanced industrial process-
other visiting foreign scholars.
ing technology, including enzyme technology; finding ways to increase
Within the FY 1975 total, special attention has been given to the
the speed and cost effectiveness of underground excavation technology;
specific programs within the Science Education Improvement activity
and developing earthquake engineering technology to make it possi-
for which increases were mandated by the Congress for FY 1974. The
ble to design and construct earthquake resistant structures at reason-
balance of the activity remains in an experimental stage, FY 1974
able costs. Another major objective is improvement in productivity in
being the first full year of operation under the new goal-oriented
the delivery of public services through the application of technology
structure.
to the operations of local government.
14
15
The FY 1975 program gives emphasis to
A separate appropriation request of $5,000,000 for payment in
The development of courses that will provide science training
foreign currencies which are excess to the normal requirements of
for careers as practioners as well as researchers;
the United States is included. The activities supported in designated
Projects aimed at providing to a broader range of students a
countries under this program include cooperative scientific research
basic understanding of how science works and gives special em-
projects, seminars, and the travel of U.S. foreign scientists involved
phasis to efforts to improving the problem solving skills of stu-
in mutually beneficial efforts. It also provides for the procurement of
dents at the elementary and secondary levels.
translated foreign scientific literature, and related science activities.
Experiments to improve the structure of education through the
application of advanced technology.
IV. ACTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND PUBLIC WELFARE
Activities to improve the understanding by the public of the
roles, potentials and limitations of science and technology.
A. SUMMARY
The Problem Assessment and Experimental Project subactivity
The purpose of S. 3344, as amended by the committee, is to authorize
is expected to identify new areas of concern for Science Education
appropriations to the National Science- Foundation for FY 1975
Improvement. In addition to the above, the authorization provides
for an increased emphasis for the Ethnic Minorities and Women
in the amount of $834.8 million including $829.8 million for the Salaries
Program. It also provides for a Faculty Fellowships Program and
and Expenses Appropriation and $5.0 million in the Foreign Curren-
continued strong support science teacher programs at the elemen-
cies which the Treasury determines to be excess to the normal require-
ments of the United States.
tary and secondary school levels, a secondary school student train-
ing program and various student originated studies and research
B. ADDITIONS TO AUTHORIZATIONS AMOUNT REQUESTED ($46.6 MILLION)
participation activities.
The Foundation's authorization request for FY 1975 totaled $788.2
Planning and policy studies
million including $783.2 million for its Salaries and Expenses Appro-
Actual, fiscal year 1973
$1,689,870
priation and $5.0 million for its Special Foreign Currency program.
Estimate, fiscal year 1974
2,600,000
This represents an increase of $142.1 million over the amount of $646.1
Estimate, fiscal year 1975
2,700,000
million that was authorized for the FY 1974 program. More than 80
An amount of $2,700,000 is budgeted for NSF Planning and Policy
percent of this increase is for an accelerated energy research and tech-
Studies. The objective of NSF's planning and policy studies activity
nology effort and the remainder is almost entirely directed to support
is to provide the factual data and analytical basis for sound decisions
of basic research in the science disciplines. While the committee recog-
leading to the development of improved policies and plans for the
nizes the importance of accelerating energy research and technology
advancement and utilization of science. The major elements of the pro-
efforts in FY 1976 and the need to maintain strong support for basic
gram are: (1) studies of science resources; (2) science planning and
sciences, it is convinced that the Foundation's request fails to assign
policy analysis; and, (3) program evaluation studies.
proper priority to important nonenergy research areas. As a conse-
Program development and management
quence, the uneven growth pattern proposed by NSF will result in
severe constraints and downward adjustments in programs which have
Actual, fiscal year 1973
$28,619,198
repeatedly been assigned high priority by the Congress.
Estimate, fiscal year 1974
31,660,000
Estimate, fiscal year 1975
39,500,000
The Foundation's request makes no provision for Institutional
Grants for Science which was covered by a $10.0 million authoriza-
All operating costs of the National Science Foundation, including
tion minimum last year. This program is vitally important to more
the management of the various program activities and the executive di-
than 600 colleges and universities in all parts of the United States,
rection and administrative management of the Foundation, are in-
helping them maintain flexibility and balance in their federally sup-
cluded in this activity. The amount requested, $39,500,000 is about
ported science activities. Science Education Improvement and Gradu-
4.5 percent of the total fiscal year 1975 authorization of $834.8 million.
ate Student Support, which were also activities covered by legislation
Funds requested will provide for 1,370 positions, an increase of 180
minima last year, were budgeted for FY 1975 at levels below the FY
over fiscal year 1974, primarily to manage a large increase in energy
1974 minima established by the Congress for these activities. The
related research activities. A major part of the increase for this activity
testimony of public witnesses before the committee confirmed the
are funds to provide reimbursement of $2,618,000 to GSA for National
importance and essential nature of NSF activities proposed for re-
Science Foundation occupied space. This is the first year that agencies,
duction or curtailment by the Administration in FY 1975 and the
by law, must reimburse GSA for office space.
committee believes that, if sustained, the Foundation's request would
aggrevate an already serious problem brought about by abrupt changes
Special foreign currency program
in federal institutional and science education support. Moreover, the
Actual, fiscal year 1973
$4,342,121
program, by not addressing nonenergy research needs, would slow
Estimate, fiscal year 1974
5,657,879
5,000,000
the programs in many important areas of research, especially in the
Estimate, fiscal year 1975
nonenergy areas of the Foundation's programs of Research Applied
16
17
to National Needs, Institutional Science Support, and Science Edu-
growing importance of the sea and its resources require a strong
cation Improvement activities.
research and technology effort in oceanography. A modern cost-
After careful review of the Foundation's authorization request and
effective research fleet is an important element in this overall national
evaluation of the statements made by the witnesses, who are recog-
effort and the authorization recommended by the committee provides
nized leaders in U.S. science, the committee recommends a FY 1975
for a continual, orderly replacement program for outdated research
authorization of $834.8 million including $829.8 million for Salaries
ships and shipboard equipment.
and Expenses and $5.0 million for Special Foreign Currency. The
2. Research applied to national needs (RANN)
specific increases above the NSF request are discussed in the follow-
The Foundation requested an authorization totalling $148.9 mil-
ing paragraphs.
lion for the RANN program. This total included $93.4 for direct
1. National and special research programs
energy research and technology activities. The RANN program has
The Foundation requested $24.8 million for the 10 programs that
brought U.S. scientific resources to bear on a number of nationally
constitute the National and Special Research program activity. The
important problems including energy, productivity, environment, and
requested amount is $6.8 million below the FY 1974 program and is
a range of technology assessment activities which have important im-
representative of the imbalance in the nonenergy research portion
plications for national policy.
of the Foundation's proposed program for FY 1975. The committee
The Committee recommends an authorization of $160.7 million, $11.8
recommends an authorized amount of $94.7 million or $9.9 million
million above the amount requested by the NSF for this activity.
more than the NSF authorization request for this activity.
The Committee believes that sufficient amounts are included in the
The committee has repeatedly called attention to the importance
RANN budget request for an energy research effort which focuses
of updating the academic research fleet needed for oceanography re-
on conservation, conversion, production, and transmission, as well
search. Of the 31 research ships in the fleet, 10 are more than 24 years
as on the impact of energy production on the ecology and economies
old. Two of these ships will be replaced by ships now under construc-
of various regions. The Foundation's direct energy research and tech-
tion as the result of mandatory language included in the FY 1974
nology support is concentrated in the RANN program. In view of
Authorization Act. In spite of the urgency assigned to the task by
the importance of this segmènt of the RANN program in terms of
the Congress, the Foundation's program for FY 1975 did not make
national policy and the achievement of energy goals, the committee
provisions for the construction of replacement ships. High main-
concurs with the Foundation's recommendations for a substantial
tenance costs of the old vessels remaining in the fleet are further ag-
expansion of its research and technology support for non-conventional
gravating a situation already made critical by rising fuel costs. The
energy sources. The amount of $93.4 million included in the Founda-
following chart lists the ships in the research fleet which are candi-
tion's RANN program for direct energy support is fully covered by
dates for replacement:
the authorization recommended by the committee, and the committee
believes that this will provide for an effective level of support for
REPLACEMENT OUTLOOK FOR ACADEMIC SHIPS, 20 PLUS YEARS OLD
FY 1975.
Length (feet)
Age Planned replacement
Particular interest with expressed by Senator Dominick in the sup-
Ship
port being given through the RANN program to research on shale
Chain, Woods Hole
214
33 Oceanus, 1975.
oil, both in terms of the technology used in the retorting and refining
180
30
Trident, Rhode Island
180
Prime candidates for replacement by
process and in connection with the waste disposal problems involved.
30
Yaquina, Oregon State
Agassiz, Scripps
180
30
unnamed Oceanus sister ship, 1975/76.
The committee expects the NSF to participate fully in the develop-
197
51
Vema, Columbia
Velero IV, Southern California
110
26
ment of adequate information on shale oil development, which is of
Oconostota, Scripps
101
30 May be replaced in 1975 by Dolphin, a
private donation to Scripps.
such critical concern to the states of Colorado, Utah and Wyoming,
36
Kit Jones, Georgia
65
and which may prove to be of great benefit throughout the nation.
Hoh, Washington
65
31
65
24
In other promising energy research areas, the committee believes
Maury, Johns Hopkins
the Foundation should increase its focus on wind energy, and on other
The $9.9 million increase for the National and Special Research
non-conventional energy sources such as ocean thermal gradients and
Programs includes an $8.0 million minimum for ship construction/
ocean tides and waves as potential long term possibilities in this con-
conversion. The committee also finds that unless provision is made
nection, the committee urges the Foundation to use fully the resources
for added fuel costs which have increased by approximately $0.15
of academic and other institutions engaged in the National Sea Grant
per gallon to more than $0.35 per gallon in the past few months,
Program of the Department of Commerce.
there will be a sharp reduction in the number of ship-days at sea
The committee is concerned, however, that the nonenergy areas of
in FY 1975. Such a reduction would seriously curtail oceanography
RANN are given insufficient attention in the fiscal 1975 budget re-
research activities. The remaining increase of $1.9 million in the
quest. The lack of an aggressive program on environmental problems,
authorization recommended by the committee is to provide for the
advanced technology applications, and a constrained technology
additional fuel costs and the needed shore facility requirements. The
assessment effort may seriously weaken the overall effectiveness of the
33-362 74 2
19
18
Foundation. The RANN program, over the past several years, has
moving the designated scientific research results to user groups. Be-
demonstrated that science and technology can-through focused
cause this program shows great promise, the committee believes that
it's time to move it out of the experimental phase. For the past several
efforts-lead to improvements in municipal services, industrial proc-
essing techniques, and environmental measurement and control sys-
years, the funding level has remained constant at the FY 1975 request
of $1.0 million. This year the committee recommends increasing the
tems. It is important that research in nonenergy areas such as these
authorization level for FY 1975 to $3.0 million.
goes forward at a rapid pace, and it is the committee's intent that the
increased authorization for the RANN program be made available for
4. Institutional improvement for science
use in these important domestic problem areas.
The Foundation's authorization request for Institutional Improve-
In a time of inflation, the levelling out of funding of research in
ment for Science was $3.0 million or $7.0 million below the FY 1974
the Social Systems and Human Resources program is unwise. We
legislative minimum established for this activity. The reduction re-
urge the Foundation to continue a vigorous and expanded program
flects the elimination by the Administration of the institutional grants
in this area to enable the nation to increase its understanding of an
for science program. This program has provided flexible funds for
ability to deal with the growing alienation that has characterized
more than 600 colleges and universities in all regions of the U.S. SO
much of recent American experience.
that they might maintain an effective balance in their total scientific
Furthermore, though the budget request does provide increasing
activities. In testimony presented to the committee by the Foundation,
funding for the Environmental Systems and Resources program, it
it was learned that in its budget submission, NSF had requested $7.0
should be noted that almost all of the increase is directed to energy
million for this program. OMB, however, denied the Foundation funds
related problems. Our national commitment to dealing with the chal-
for this activity. The committee disagrees with this action and concurs
lenge of environmental problems must remain strong, and vogues in
with the statement of Dr. Donald F. Hornig, of Brown University,
national problems which cause us to sporadically redirect our efforts
when he said that the elimination of this program would be a "serious
and attention to meet the latest crisis do not imply that we have solved
error in public policy." The committee acknowledges that this small
the last one. Environmental problems cannot be dealt with in this way.
amount of money is extraordinarily productive to a college or univer-
They are not readily or easily solved, and can be expected to be with
sity because of the flexibility it provides. This program is directly
us for some time. A continuing national effort is essential and we
responsive to language in the NSF Act of 1950 as amended which re-
therefore recommend increased funding for this aspect of the RANN
quires the Foundation to avoid undue concentration of its support and,
program A third aspect of RANN's efforts, which we feel has been unjustifi-
over the years, the institutional support program has provided assist-
ance to many small colleges and universities that would otherwise not
ably shortchanged in the NSF's fiscal 1975 budget request is Explora-
receive NSF funding. In view of the importance of this program to
tory Research and Problem Assessment, with particular reference to
the nation's universities and colleges and its relevance to its achieve-
the area of technology assessment. The budget request does not give
ments of stated NSF objectives, the committee has established a mini-
sufficient emphasis to the need for supporting the development of the
mum of $12.0 million for the Institutional Improvement for Science
concept of technology assessment and the technology assessments them-
Program.
selves. The requested $1.4 million is inadequate at a time when the
Congress has recognized the national need for the assessment of tech-
5. Graduate Student Support
nologies as vital to its own decision making process by creating a
The Foundation requested $12.7 million for Graduate Student Sup-
Congressional Office of Technology Assessment.
port or $300,000 less than the amount authorized for this program in
The Foundation should be significantly expanding its own effort in
FY 1974. There has been a sharp reduction in the level of Graduate
this area to assist and supplement OTA's efforts. We recommend a
Student Support since FY 1971, when the Foundation's budget in-
significant increase in funding for technology assessment in fiscal 1975,
cluded $30.0 million for this program. This year the budget request
and in subsequent years as well. This is vital to the long-range assess-
is less than $13.0 million. The committee believes that the Foundation's
ment of national needs and is clearly in the national interest.
cutback may be an overreaction to temporary imbalances in the supply
For fiscal 1975, the Foundation requested $8.0 million for earth-
demand ratio for scientists and engineers. For example, according to
quake engineering to find ways to design and construct earthquake
the testimony of Dr. Philip Handler, President of the National Acad-
resistant structures. The committee believes that it is essential that
emy of Sciences, "there is no significant unemployment of Ph.D. scien-
this level of funding be committed for this purpose in FY 1975, and
tists in the U.S. today, in any discipline." In addition, in the field of
therefore has established a minimum level for this effort in the full
engineering there is a growing shortage with current unemployment
amount of $8.0 million.
levels estimated at about one-half percent on a scale where three per-
cent is considered full employment. This further demonstrates the
3. Intergovernmental science and research utilization
need to establish Graduate Student Support policy on the basis of long
The Foundation's Intergovernmental Science and Research Utiliza-
tion Program- has resulted in the implementation of a wide range of
term national needs. It is essential that bright, young people continue
innovative coordination mechanisms among Federal, State, and local
to flow into scientific and technological careers in order to maintain the
vitality and strength of U.S. science. The committee believes that
government agencies and is proving to be an effective instrument for
20
21
Graduate Student Support should be based on the quality of the stu-
committee recommends that the Foundation provide for a faculty
dent and not on the temporary needs of the particular science disci-
fellowships program in FY 1975 which is to be separate and apart
pline. However, the committee believes that it is important to insure a
from the proposed faculty research participation program.
continuing pool of highly qualified scientists and engineers. It does not
The Nation's small colleges and junior colleges have contributed
believe that the Foundation's FY 1975 request meets this objective.
significantly to the develoment of high quality science and engineer-
To achieve this goal, the committee directs that not less than $17.0 mil-
ing manpower. It is estimated that as much as 40 to 45 percent of the
lion be devoted to Graduate Student Support by the Foundation in
graduate student enrollment in science and engineering is made up
FY 1975.
of students who have received all or part of their undergraduate
training in small academic institutions. These institutions have an
6. Science Education Improvement
The Foundation requested $61.4 million for Science Education Im-
important role to play in science education and the committee urges
provement for FY 1975. This is a reduction of $6.1 million below
the NSF to give these institutions careful consideration in implement-
the legislative minimum established for this program in FY 1974.
ing its science education programs in FY 1975.
However, the effective reduction of the program on a comparable
The committee has strongly endorsed the Foundation's program,
basis with FY 1974 is $11.1 million since $5.0 million of the FY 1975
designed to stimulate outstanding high school students to pursue
careers in science and to provide opportunities for undergraduate
request represents a new effort for energy manpower resources.
This decrease in science education support again reflects the im-
students to participate in productive research. It has also encouraged
balance in the Foundation's nonenergy support activities. To correct
NSF to maintain strong support for student originated studies. All
this imbalance, the committee has established a $71.0 million minimum
these programs are scheduled for reductions in the program presented
for Science Education Improvement activities. The $8.6 million in-
to Congress. The recommended authorization which establishes a
crease is based on the committee's belief that certain programs should
minimum of $71.0 million for Science Education Improvement ac-
tivities will insure that these programs and a range of these activities
receive special attention by the Foundation.
can be maintained at least at the FY 1974 level.
The committee strongly urges the Foundation to expand its science
education program for Ethnic Minorities and Women to a level of
7. NSF solar energy coordinating responsibility
$8.1 million in FY 1975. Ethnic Minorities and Women represent a
The committee has charged the Director of the NSF with the re-
relatively untapped science and technology manpower resource. The
sponsibility for the planning, coordinating, and directing the Fed-
committee heard testimony from Mr. Miles Fisher, Executive Secre-
eral Government's solar energy research programs. The Foundation
tary, National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Educa-
is uniquely qualified to carry out these responsibilities because of its
tion, in which he noted the serious decrease in the amount of funds
current lead agency role in this field and because of the perspective
requested for the minority college program at the same time the pool
that the Director of the Foundation has as the President's Science
was being expanded to include minority institutions other than the
Advisor.
historically black colleges. The committee concurs with the Founda-
In testimony presented to this committee, the Foundation demon-
tion's action to insure that all minorities receive fair and equal treat-
strated the rapid progress that is being achieved, under its direction,
ment under this program. This expansion, however, will necessarily
by university and industry teams to make widespread application of
require an increased level of authorization and funding in FY 1975.
solar energy a reality in the shortest feasible time. For example, solar
Therefore, the committee strongly recommends that $8.1 million of
energy heat augmentation systems have been installed in four schools
the Foundation's Science Education Improvement program for FY
located in different regions of the country Massachusetts, Minne-
1975 be devoted to this purpose.
sota, Maryland, and Virginia. A transportable laboratory has been
The committee also urges the NSF to maintain strong support for
developed jointly with industry to collect solar energy data from all
programs designed to improve the quality and effectiveness of science
regions of the nation. This transportable laboratory will negate the
teachers at the elementary and secondary school levels. The committee
need for developing individual research facilities at different loca-
does not agree with the position taken by the Foundation that sum-
tions. Another major element of the Foundation's effort in the solar
mer institutes aimed at upgrading the science subject-matter pro-
heating and cooling of buildings area is the design and construction
ficiency of teachers can now be phased out. Correspondence received
of an experimental solar home laboratory by researchers at the Colo-
by the committee indicates the opposite is true. Therefore, the Foun-
rado State University.
dation should take the necessary steps to reestablish and maintain
Rapid progress is also being made in wind energy systems, another
summer institutes specifically designed to enhance the subject matter
element of the Foundation's solar energy program. The Foundation
competence of the teachers.
is in the process of bringing wind energy systems through the proof-
The Foundation's budget request for FY 1975 discontinues the
of-concept stage. These areas of the Foundation's solar energy pro-
Faculty Fellowships Program which was funded at a level of $1.0
gram include bioconversion to fuel, photovoltaic conversion, solar
million in FY 1974. Information provided the committee by outside
thermal conversion, and ocean thermal conversion. The social, eco-
witnesses and correspondence received by committee indicates that
nomic, and environmental aspects of this approach represent another
there is a clear need for a postdoctoral fellowship program. The
major feature of the Foundation's comprehensive and systems ap-
22
23
proach to solar energy research and technology. This system's ap-
from a combination of the growing skill of researchers and the in-
proach, coupled with the Foundation's technology assessment effort
creasing sophistication of research tools.
and the rapid advances being realized under NSF leadership, are the
Two years ago the National Academy of Sciences conducted a sur-
motivating factors in the committee's determination to place the total
vey of instrumentation needs in all scientific disciplines in a sample
federal responsibility in the hands of the NSF Director.
of large and medium-size universities. The accumulated backlog of
Another important consideration in assigning this total federal co-
instrumentation requirements was estimated in the hundreds of mil-
ordinating responsibility to the Director of NSF is the success that
lions of dollars. Failure to make provision for this need places an all-
has already been achieved under NSF leadership in the solar energy
too-real ceiling on the potential quality and quantity of the national
research field. The Foundation's operating mode, which requires that
scientific research endeavor, and the Committee urges the Foundation
it utilize the capabilities of other Federal agencies, the academic com-
to take this situation into account in preparing its budget for fiscal
munity, and industry to carry out its programs, makes it uniquely
1976.
well qualified for this coordinating role. It has already established
Science information
an effective means for coordinating these activities through the Inter-
agency Panel on Terrestrial Applications of Solar Energy. The AEC,
The Committee took careful note of the reduction in funding for
NASA, and the NBS, HUD, Department of Interior, and other in-
Science Information Activities included in the NSF's budget request.
volved Federal agencies are members of the Panel, which is chaired
In testimony before the Committee, the NSF took the position that
by NSF.
the information systems supported by the Foundation in the past
The committee believes that the Foundation should continue its
should be able to operate effectively without continued federal support
effort in this area and concentrate especially on solar heating and
and that selected dissemination activities should be supported by other
cooling of buildings, on wind energy, and on other systems which
Federal programs, rather than by the NSF.
have the potential for near term application. In addition, the com-
Nevertheless, the Committee is concerned that this reduction may
mittee encourages the Foundation to continue to investigate the pos-
have serious implications for the continuing effectiveness of science
sibility of using ocean thermal gradients and to explore ocean waves
and technology in this country, for it is self-evident that the rate of
and tides as potential long term possibilities.
advance in any discipline is dependent in part on the ease and effi-
ciency of exchange of information and data among practitioners of
V--COMMITTEE VIEWS
the discipline.
Therefore, while the Committee did not authorize additional funds
APPLIED RESEARCH
over the NSF's budget request, it is our intention to monitor closely
the effects of a curtailed science information program within the
It is the Committee's view that the NSF's applied research program
Foundation, and to consider significant increases in this program in
presents an unusual opportunity for Federal funding of interdisci-
the authorization for FY 1976.
plinary applied research directed toward national needs. These needs,
The Committee is also considering action to incorporate the provi-
in our view, have been shortchanged for too long.
sions of Title IX of the National Defense Education Act, dealing
We have examined closely the links that have been established with
exclusively with the science information activities of the Foundation,
potential users of the results of projects funded by the Research Ap-
into the National Science Foundation Act. However, since it is our
plied to National Needs program, and feel that much more must be
intention, in the near future, to study further the science information
done in this area. We feel that RANN has, thus far, made but a bare
program, the Committee has decided to postpone this contemplated
beginning, and we call on the Foundation to strengthen these links
legislative change until this study has been completed.
between research and the users of research.
Program development and management
In addition, very few state and local governments and industries,
The Committee has approved the full request of the NSF for Pro-
particularly smaller industries, have been brought into the planning
gram Development and Management. The authorization will provide
and advisory phases of the RANN program. We recommend the ex-
for an additional 180 positions in the NSF, to meet the program and
pansion and strengthening of this aspect of the RANN program as es-
management requirements growing out of an expanded energy related
sential to the identification, design and development of applied re-
research effort.
search, and to its ultimate responsiveness to the needs of the Nation.
The Committee expects the Foundation to bring into these pro-
Equipment and instrumentation
grams highly qualified persons from the academic, industrial and
Over the past decade funds available for the acquisition of instru-
technical communities. And because this expansion represents a 15
mentation and equipment have failed to keep pace with other aspects
percent increase in the total NSF staff, considerable top level manage-
of funding for scientific research. In the period since 1967, available
ment attention will be required to assure that it is carried out effec-
funds have been utilized largely to retain the scientific labor force,
tively.
while making do with existing instruments. This is a situation of great
The committee will follow closely the Foundation's implementation
concern to the Committee, or advances in scientific research derive
of its enlarged energy research program and expects the funding pro-
25
24
vided for Program Development and Management to permit the NSF
Section 6. This section provides that appropriations made pursuant
to carry out these responsibilities smoothly and efficiently.
to Sections 1 and 4 of the Act shall remain available for obligation and
expenditure for the period of time specified in the appropriations act.
Allocation of appropriated funds
Section 7. This section prohibits the Foundation from transferring
The Committee notes that the Foundation has complied with Con-
funds to or from a particular category in section 1 if the amount to be
gressional intent and allocated all of the funds authorized and ap-
transferred exceeds 10 per centum of the total funds in that particular
propriated to it for FY 1974. In the past, the Committee has expressed,
category, unless the appropriate House and Senate Committees are
concern about the impoundment of funds, especially in the science
notified in writing and the Director waits thirty legislative days be-
education area. In fiscal 1973, for example, $58.9 million was im-
fore taking final action, or these committees notify the Director of the
pounded, athough all of this money was finally released for use by
Foundation in writing that they have no objection to such transfer.
the Foundation in FY 1974.
Section 8. This section requires that the Director of the Foundation
The Committee considers it essential that all money should be
keep the House Committee on Science and Astronautics and the Senate
allocated in the fiscal year for which it is authorized and appropriated.
Committee on Labor and Public Welfare fully and currently informed
on all activities of the Foundation.
VI-SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS
Section 9. This section cites the title of the Act: "National Science
Foundation Authorization Act of 1975."
Section 1. This section authorizes an appropriation for the National
Science Foundation in the amount of $829,800,000 for the fiscal year
VII.-Cost ESTIMATES PURSUANT TO SECTION 252(b) OF THE
ending June 30, 1975. The amount authorized to be appropriated is
LEGISLATIVE REORGANIZATION AcT OF 1970
distributed in specific amounts to twelve program categories.
Section 2. This section stipulates that minima or floors shall be
S. 3344, as amended, authorizes appropriations to the National
placed under the amount authorized to be appropriated in certain
Science Foundation for fiscal year 1975 in the amount of $834.8 mil-
categories of Section 1.
lion, including $5 million in foreign currencies which the Treasury
Subsection (a) provides that not less than $12,000,000 author-
Department determines to be excess to the normal requirement of the
ized to be appropriated for the "Institutional Improvement for
United States.
Science" Category (8) of Section 1 shall be available for that
VIII.-VOTE IN COMMITTEE
program;
Subsection (b) provides that not less than $17,000,000 author-
The committee ordered the bill favorably reported by unanimous
ized to be appropriated for the "Graduate Student Support"
vote, the following Senators voting in the affirmative: Williams,
Category (9) of Section 1 shall be available for that program;
Randolph, Pell, Kennedy, Nelson, Mondale, Eagleton, Cranston,
Subsection (c) provides that not less than $71,000,000 author-
Hughes, Hathaway, Javits, Dominick, Schweiker, Taft, Beall, and
Stafford.
ized to be appropriated for the "Science Education Improvement"
Category (10) of Section 1 shall be available for that program;
Subsection (d) provides that of the amount authorized to be
appropriated for National and Special Research Programs in
Category (2) of Section 1, not less than $8,000,000 shall be made
available for the "Ship Construction/Conversion Program";
Subsection (e) provides that of the amount authorized to
be appropriated for Research Applied to National Needs in
Category (6) of Section 1, not less than $8,000,000 shall be
made available for the "Earthquake Research and Engineering"
program.
Section 3. This section gives the full responsibility for the planning,
coordinating and directing the Federal Government's solar energy
research program to the Director of the National Science Foundation.
Section 4. This section authorizes, in addition to the amount author-
ized to be appropriated in Section 1, an appropriation of up to
$5,000,000 for expenses of the National Science Foundation outside the
United States to be financed from foreign currencies which the Treas-
ury Department determines to be excess to the normal requirements
of the United States.
Section 5. This section provides $5,000 for use by the Director of the
National Science Foundation at his discretion. This money may. be
used for official consultation and other unusual expenses.
27
National
Science
Foundation
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20550
APPENDIX A
Justification of Estimates
of Appropriations
Salaries and Expenses
Special Foreign Currency Program
Fiscal Year 1975
NATIONAL FOUNDATION SCIENCE
TO
THE CONGRESS
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS AWARDED
FISCAL YEAR 1973
EXPLANATORY NOTES
The following explanatory material is provided to facilitate use of the
data contained in the listing:
1. Data shown under the Fellowships column represent the following:
a. No. The number of Fellowship awards accepted as of
June 30, 1973.
b. Amount-Institution. Tuition, fees or cost of education allowances
payable to an institution on behalf of an NSF fellow.
C. Amount-Individual. Stipends or other allowances payable to an
29
NSF fellow for his personal use.
2. Grants and Contracts awarded from the NSF Appropriation 49X0100,
Salaries and Expenses, are listed on pages 2 through 75.
Awards made from the NSF Special Foreign Currency Program
Appropriation 493/40102, are listed on pages 76 through 87.
1
Grants and Contracts Awarded
from
Appropriation 49X0100,
30
Salaries and Expenses
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
SUMMARY
RESEARCH
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL YSTDY'S
TOTAL
NATL SPC RES PGM
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
(Amounts in Thousands of Dollars)
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
ALABAMA
63
1,524
20
485
1
28
5
325
16
126
21
560
1
3
4
ALASKA
55
3,757
32
2,219
12
1,431
3
25
5
54
3
25
?
6
8
ARIZONA
121
14,284
74
2,848
11
10,583
4
333
17
168
15
352
7
21
27
ARKANSAS
32
512
8
230
12
108
12
174
CALIFORNIA
1,320
81,728
905
47,554
67
15,414
04
12,011
39
2,173
105
3,575
378
1,134
1,452
COLORADO
234
38,459
129
7,321
23
23,751
19
5,348
22
214
41
1,825
14
42
54
CONNECTICUT
234
8,486
166
6,435
7
346
15
1,153
23
162
23
389
86
258
330
DELAWARE
32
1,142
21
630
1
49
1
10
4
30
5
423
1
3
4
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
483
24,631
110
3,028
89
6,161
96
3,203
.22
8,995
66
3,243
2
6
8
FLORIDA
246
11,869
156
5,813
23
3,034
7
1,494
30
239
30
1,290
11
33
42
GEORGIA
137
4,802
56
1,783
12
1,149
4
266
23
380
32
1,224
4
12
15
HAWAII
84
4,220
61
2,256
6
1,379
3
423
8
78
6
85
4
12
15
3
31
IDAHO
19
437
-5
198
5
47
9
192
1
4
ILLINOIS
553
28,739
382
19,747
19
680
31
4,426
55
514
66
3,372
94
282
361
INDIANA
253
11,728
158
7,396
3
69
17
1,836
27
237
48
2,191
29
87
111
IOWA
114
3,022
50
1,700
3
254
27
164
34
896
4
12
15
KANSAS
86
2,049
49
1,391
15
96
22
562
KENTUCKY
53
783
18
283
4
89
11
92
20
318
1
3
4
LOUISIANA
92
2,269
47
1,107
2
5
4
496
15
124
24
538
6
18
23
MAINE
36
813
12
361
1
5
2
24
6
34
15
389
MARYLAND
279
12,159
162
6,899
20
1,121
32
2,969
36
405
29
765
9
27
35
MASSACHUSETTS
805
44,901
559
27,376
34
6,443
55
6,867
81
1,263
76
2,951
367
1,101
1,489
MICHIGAN
329
13,832
207
9,383
9
535
12
2,076
37
243
64
1,595
77
231
296
MINNESOTA
133
4,457
74
2,410
5
219
9
1,058
22
134
23
627
16
48
61
MISSISSIPPI
57
1,339
10
184
3
135
9
79
35
937
MISSOURI
172
5,935
105
3,420
3
145
15
1,535
22
205
27
630
5
15
19
MONTANA
29
647
10
128
3
227
5
73
11
220
3
9
12
3
NEBRASCA
36
690
14
337
2
75
1
50
10
48
9
180
1
3
4
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
FELLOWSHIPS
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFQ ACT
SCIENTIFIC
TO NAT'L
PLN'G$ POL (STDY'S
SCIENCE
SUMMARY
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
(Amounts in Thousands of Dollars)
SUPPORT
Amount
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
5
188
NEVADA
24
1,091
11
716
2
151
6
46
NEW HAMPSHIRE
56
1,437
28
887
1
21
2
213
7
62
18
254
4
12
15
NEW JERSEY
249
10,126
177
7,970
4
124
7
755
30
438
11
868
77
231
296
3
NEW MEXICO
60
3,393
35
1,103
5
1,950
10
121
10
220
1
4
NEW YORK
1,058
50,990
693
38,015
37
3,432
43
4,170
150
1,693
135
3,480
95
285
365
105
4,248
7
1,282
10
586
32
360
39
2,012
20
60
77
NORTH CAROLINA
193
8,589
NORTH DAKOTA
17
316
2
72
3
33
12
210
OHIO
334
11,424
187
7,215
13
362
6
582
54
1,012
74
2,253
9
27
35
2,425
36
1,091
?
55
5
263
12
127
30
889
4
12
15
OKLAHOMA
85
158
7,866
90
3,408
15
2,824
2
195
17
189
34
1,250
3
4
DREGON
519
22,507
324 14,727
9
1,539
29
2,328
RR
1,344
69
2,570
21
63
61
PENNSYLVANIA
1,429
3
140
16
105
15
309
A
24
31
RHODE ISLAND
128
5,421
00
3,437
14
SOUTH CAROLINA
43
1,224
12
396
1
11
1
31
9
64
20
723
1
3
4
SOUTH DAKOTA
24
515
3
143
1
34
1
52
11
71
8
215
25
152
40
1,442
5
15
19
TENNESSEE
136
7,550
57
3,780
1
70
13
2,107
TEXAS
365
13,298
206
7,432
20
1,331
11
1,485
69
540
59
2,511
20
60
77
93
4,107
60
3,116
3
51
4
431
10
128
16
381
3
9
12
UTAH
35
138
4
67
5
35
5
VERMONT
14
VIRGINIA
207
7,500
79
2,818
24
621
15
566
50
279
39
3,215
4
12
15
WASHINGTON
224
13,699
147
7,443
13
3,851
11
1,179
22
177
31
1,049
16
48
61
9
193
WEST VIRGINIA
26
10,297
7
144
3
9,785
1
125
6
50
WISCONSIN
269
9,393
162
6,563
13
660
8
759
39
231
47
1,180
56
168
215
27
1,004
14
470
2
58
2
131
3
26
6
319
1
3
4
WYOMING
10,396 523,526
6,129 278,186
533
101,363
633 64,942
1,478 23,736
1,623
55,299
1,459
4,407
5,643
UNITED STATES TOTAL
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TOTAL
119
52,609
14
1,043
51
44,546
37
6,269
14
712
3
39
U.S. POSSESSIONS TOTAL
15
3,472
5
202
3
3,144
4
61
3
65
50
19
10
73
4
FOREIGN COUNTRIES TOTAL
31
837
8
432
6
248
14
106
1
TOTAL
10,561
580,443
6,156 279,863
595
149,301
670
71,211
1,510 24,615
1,630 55,453
1,488
4,417
5,716
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE - CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G & POL YSTDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
33-362 74 3 O
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Alc.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
ALABAMA
ALA SCI ENGR & TECHN S C
1
12,000
1
12,000
ALABAMA A & M UNIVERSITY
3
37,186
1
14,800
1
7,186
1
15,200
AUBURN UNIV
12
478,865
2
20,200
1
28,400
4 $12,563
1
34,419
4
75,283
1
3,000
3,842
BIRMINGHAM-SOUTHERN COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
FLORENCE STATE UNIVERSITY
2
12,435
1
1,390
1
11,345
JACKSONVILLE ST UNIV
1
1,090
1
1,090
JEFFERSON ST JR COL
1
2,580
1
2,500
LAWSON STATE JUNIOR COL
1
8,408
1
8,400
MILES COL
3
156,788
1
7,580
2 149,200
TALLADEGA COL
2
21,614
1
15,600
1
6,014
TUSKEGEE INST
6
98,755
3
50,500
1
8,222
2
40,033
U OF AL A IN BIRMINGHAM
5
146,354
2
110,000
1
16,374
2
19,980
33
U OF ALA-BIRM MEO COL ALA
3 129,280
3
129,200
INSTITUTION TOTAL
8
275,554
5
239,208
1
16,374
2
19,980
U OF ALA IN MUNTSVILLE
1
16,787
1
16,707
UNIV OF MONTEVALLO
2
45,198
1
5,462
1
39,728
UNIV OF SOUTH ALA
1
13,792
1
13,792
UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
13
348,308
6 137,200
1
12,375
6 198,733
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
5
2,865
1
250
4
1,815
STATE TOTAL
1,524,251
485,258
28,488
324,563
125,636
560,402
3,000
3,842
63
20
1
5
16
21
1
ALASKA
ALAS DEPT ENVTL CONSRVTN
1
3,000
1
3,000
UNIV OF ALASKA
16 1,482,548
8 713,600
2
684,500
1
7,500
2
51,948
3
25,000
2
6,000
7,683
U OF &LAS-GEOPHYS INST
21 1,350,400
17 1,227,800
3 113,000
1
17,600
5
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATE SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
PROG
If
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
ALASKA
U OF ALAS-INST MARINE SCI
12
868,700
7
277,300
5 591,400
7,643
INSTITUTION TOTAL
49 3,709,648
32 2,218,700
0 1,388,900
2
25,100
2
51,948
3
25,003
?
6,000
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
5
44,596
2
39,565
1
2,500
3
2,531
STATE TOTAL
3,757,244
2,218,708
1,431,465
27,600
54,479
25,000
6,000
7,683
55
32
12
3
5
3
2
ARIZONA
ARIZ WESTERN COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
ARIZONA STATE UNIV
21
518,520
14
444,700
3
24,752
4
49,064
CERRO TOLOLO INT-AM ORSER
4 2,700,000
4 2,700,000'
DESERT BOTANICAL GARDEN
1
10,600
1
10,600
GLENDALE COMM COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
34
KITT PEAK NAT OBSERVATORY
4 7,847,500
4 7,847,500
LOWELL OBSERVATORY
3
83,500
3
83,500
MUSEUM OF NORTHERN ARIZ
1
42,408
1
42.400
N ARIZ SOC OF SCI & ART
1
46,300
1
46,300
MAVAJO COMMUNITY COLLEGE
1
12,004
1
12,004
NORTHERN ARIZ UNIV
3
21,018
1
5,842
2
15,176
PHOENIX COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
PRESCOTT COL
1
5,573
1
5,573
UNIV OF ARIZONA
66 2,836,089
52 2,134,340
1
35,000
3 286,400
2 112,200
8 268,149
7
21,000
25,899
U OF ARIZ-COL OF MED
2
127,808
2
127,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
68 2,963,089
54 2,261,340
1
35,000
3 206,400
2 112,200
8 268,149
7
21,000
26,831
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
10
30,072
1
5,386
2
400
6
4,410
1
19,876
STATE TOTAL
14,283,846
2,847,926
10,582,900
332,700
168,051
352,269
21,000
26,893
121
74
11
4
17
15
7
6
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWENIPS
BRANTEE on DESTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLNGA POL YSTDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NATE RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTANL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
OVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
#
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
ARKANSAS
ARK ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY
1
70,388
26,788
$
43,600
ARK POLYTECHNIC COL
1
3,815
1
3,815
ARK ST UNIV
1
11,020
1
11,020
HARDING COL
1
5,879
1
5,879
HENDRIX COL
1
1,898
1
1,090
JOHN BROWN UNIV
1
1,099
1
1,090
DUACHIT BAPTIST UNIV
1
" 1,090
1
1,090
PHILANDER SMITH COL
1
4,985
1
4,905
SOUTHERN ST COL
1
3,000
1
3.000
STATE COLLEGE OF ARKANSAS
1
1,890
1
1,090
UNIV OF ARK
U OF ARK-LITTLE ROCK-MED
2
45,000
2
45,000
UNIV OF ARK FAYETTEVILLE
14
291,155
$
117,000
1
28,909
a 144,346
UNIV DE ARK LITTLE ROCK
1
5,487
1
5,487
UNIV OF ARK MEDICAL CTR
2
50,300
1
40,000
1
10,300
UNIV OF ARK MONTICELLO
1
5,200
1
5,200
UNIV OF ARK PINE BLUFF
1
5,597
1
5,597
UNIV OF ARK SYS OFF
1
5,671
1
5,671
STATE TOTAL
511,589
229,500
108,223
173,866
32
0
12
12
CALIFORNIA
AEROSPACE CORPORATION
5
253,603
3
115,600
2 138,003
AMER S2C OF ZOOLOGISTS
1
3,100
1
3,100
ASIA FDN
1
11,000
1
11,000
CAL ACAD OF SCIENCES
4
151,388
4
151,300
CAL COMM REGNL MED PROC
4
265,118
4 255,110
7
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL & SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLNO a POL'Y STDY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
Amount
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
No,
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
CALIFORNIA
CAL DEPT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
1
92,200
1
92,200
CAL INST OF TECH
74 5,812,610
57 4,480,200
4
289,000
8 105,500
2 148,000
3
89,910
49
144,000
184,406
CAL INST OF TECH-DIV ENG
1
171,300
1 171,300
INSTITUTION TOTAL
75 5,983,918
57 4,480,200
4
289,000
9 976,800
2 148,000
3
89,910
43
144,000
154,406
CAL INST OF THE ARTS
2
100,000
2 100,000
CAL ST COL AT BAKERSFIELD
1
85,741
1
85,741
CALIF ST COL STANISLAUS
1
5,560
1
5,560
CALIF ST COLLEGE SONOMA
3
71,749
1
5,462
2
66,287
CALIF ST POLY UNIV POMONA
2
60,753
1
5,830
1
54,923
CALIF ST U SAN LU OBIS PO
1
5,584
1
5,584
CALIF ST UNIV CHICO
2
13,744
1
8,000
1
5,744
36
CALIF ST UNIV FRESNO
4
73,169
1
6,400
1
10,140
2
56,629
CALIF ST UNIV FULLERTON
a
157,968
4
84,800
3
25,784
1
47,384
CALIF ST UNIV HAYWARD
2
70,190
1
1,090
1
69,100
CALIF ST UNIV HUMBOLDT
4
104,110
2
68,000
1
7,186
1
28,924
CALIF ST UNIV LONG BEACH
4
41,303
2
31,900
1
6,903
1
2,500
CALIF ST UNIV LOS ANGELES
5
78,429
2
55,000
1
6,619
2
16,810
CALIF ST UNIV NORTHRIDGE
4
106,000
2
55,300
1
5,450
1
45,330
CALIF ST UNIV S FRANCISCO
3
23,149
1
12,100
1
6,149
1
4,900
CALIF ST UNIV SACRAMENTO
3
14,154
1
6,014
2
8,140
CALIF ST UNIV SAN DIEGO
14
507,561
5
292,000
1
12,300
1
20,389
7 182,872
CALIF ST UNIV SAN JOSE
4
97,221
1
4,500
1
8,734
2
83,987
CALIF-OFFICE OF THE GOV
2
42,000
2
42,000
CHAFFEY COL
1
1,198
1
1,090
CHAPMAN COL
1
3,808
1
3,000
CITY OF HOPE MEDICAL CTR
3
74,680
3
74,680
8
CLAREMONT GRADUATE SCHOOL
7
160,421
4
85,000
1
8,843
2
6,579
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL & SPC RES POM
TO NAT'L
PLNO POL'Y STOY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT-
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
I
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
CALIFORNIA
COL OF MARIN
1
5,499
1
5,499
COMM FOR ADV SCI TRAINING
1
9,204
1
9,204
COUNCIL OF MONTEREY BAY
1
65,000
1
85,000
CT-S DIEGO, ENV DEV AGCY
1
130,800
1 130,800
CTR ADV STUDY BEHAV SCI
2
263,600
2
263,600
CTR FOR STUDY OF DEM INST
1
86,900
1
86,900
DE AN74 COLLEGE
1
800
1
800
EARTHQUAKE ENG RES INST
2
204,000
2
204,000
HARVEY NUDD COL
4
35,245
1
5,573
3
29,672
HOLMES & NARVER INC
2
682,500
2
682,500
HUMAN INTRACTION RES INST
1
285,600
211,400
1
74,200
INST OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
37
2
42,700
2
42,700
JOHN BLUME & ASSOCIATES
1
4,100
1
4,100
JOHN F KENNEDY UNIVERSITY
1
7,644
1
7,544
JOHN MJIR INSTITUTE INC
2
125,600
2 125,600
L A CNTY MUS NAT HIST
5
180,780
5
180,700
LAWRENCE BERKLEY LAB
1
99,600
1
99,600
LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT CORP
LOCKHEED AIR-RESEARCH LAB
2
93,800
1
43,900
1
49,900
LONE MOUNTAIN COLLEGE
1
1,890
1
1,090
LOS ANGELES PIERCE COL
1
10,000
1
10,000
MARCOM APPLIED SYS INC
2
115,447
2 115,447
MILLS COL
1
5,511
1
5,511
MONTEREY PENINSULA COL
2
7,771
1
5,671
1
2,100
MT ST MARYS COL
1
3,100
1
3,100
MT ZION HOSP & MED CENTER
1
35,000
1
35,000
/
NEW EXT UTILIZING SCI INC
3
78,400
9
3
78,400
PROGRAM GRANTS ABO CONTRACTS
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL YSTDY'S
NATE SPC RES PGM
SCHENCE
TOTAL
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
Ala.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
CALIFORNIA
OCCIDENTAL COL
,
13,138
1
6,308
2
6,830
OPTICS TECHNOLOGY INC
3
160,888
3 160,880
PEPPER)INE UNIVERSITY
1
6,223
1
6,223
POMONA COL
3
22,666
1
10,600
1
5,646
1
6,420
QUANTOM SCIENCE CORP
1
48,088
1
48,000
RAND CORPORATION
8 1,257,473
8 1,257,473
RIVERSIDE CITY COL
2
7,887
1
5,487
1
2,400
ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL
2
11,500
2
11,500
SACRAMENTO CITY COL
1
14,800
1
14,000
SALK INST FOR BIOL STUD
3
199,880
3
199,800
SAN DIEGO COMPRH PLAN ORG
1
20,400
1
28,400
SAN DIEGO JR COL SYS OFF
1
5,597
1
5,597
38
SAN FRAN BAY AAP CTL DIST
1
100,000
1 100,000
SAN JOSE CITY COL
1 126,000
1
126,000
SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS CORP
1
15,180
1
15,100
SCRIPPS CLINIC & RES FON
1
38,000
1
38,000
SOCIETY OF RESEARCH ADMIN
1
18,400
1
18,400
ST MARYS COL CALIFORNIA
1
1,090
1
1,090
STANFORD RESEARCH INST
24 1,925,308
12
858,000
, 272,500
7 780,100
14,708
STANFORD UNIV
142 12,279,810
122 9,978,090
3 378,400
7 1,124,900
3 230,473
7 567,947
143 447,000
572,427
STANFORD UNIV-PRESS
20,000
20,000
STANFORD UNIV-SCH OF MED
8
542,000
7
348,000
1 194,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
150 12,841,810
129 10,346,090
3
378,400
8 1,318,990
3 230,473
7 567,947
149 447,000
572,427
STD RESEARCH CORPORATION
1
74,983
1
74,903
SYSTEM CONTROL INC
1
149,638
1 149,638
SYSTEMS, SCI & SOFTWARE
1
$1,100
1
81,100
TAHOE REG PLANNING AGENCY
.
1
50,000
1
50,000
10
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
REBEARCH
NATL & SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL' YSTDY'S
SCIENCE
TOTAL
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
CALIFORNIA
TEKNEKRON INC
1
75,900
1
75,900
TETRA TECH INC
1
91,700
1
91,700
U S INTERNATIONAL UNIV
3
45,555
1
9,813
2
35,742
UNIV OF CAL BERCELEY
204 12,565,161
175 9,873,120
5
167,800
12 1,725,000
5 270,921
7 528,320
11 333,000
425,439
U OF CAL-RICHMONT FLD STA
1
785,100
1 785,100
INSTITUTION TOTAL
205 13,350,261
175 9,873,120
5
167,800
13 2,510,100
5 270,921
7 528,320
111 333,000
426,439
UNIV OF CAL DAVIS
50 2,925,477
38 1,390,250
3
72,800
4 1,330,300
1
42,158
4
89,969
7
21,000
26,893
U OF CAL-SCH OF MED
1
1,800
1
1,800
INSTITUTION TOTAL
51 2,927,277
39 1,392,050
3
72,800
4 1,330,300
1
42,158
4
89,969
7
21,000
26,893
UNIV OF CAL IRVINE
31 1,262,549
28 1,093,200
1 129,100
1
24,499
1
15,750
4
12,000
15,367
U OF CAL-CAL COL OF MED
1
35,000
1
35,000
39
INSTITUTION TOTAL
32
1,297,549
29 1,128,200
1 129,100
1
24,499
1
15,750
4
12,000
15,367
UNIV OF CAL LOS ANGELES
141 6,802,094
122 5,001,000
3
359,500
9 863,400
3 315,144
4 263,050
13
39,000
49,943
U OF CAL-SCH OF MED
6
224,800
6
224,800
INSTITUTION TOTAL
147 7,826,894
128 5,225,800
3
359,500
9 863,400
3 315,144
4 263,050
13
39,000
49,943
UNIV OF CAL RIVERSIDE
21
669,527
15
410,800
2 167,100
1
27,471
3
44,156
4
12,000
15,367
U OF CAL-AIR POLL RES CTR
2
125,000
1
80,000
1
45,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
23
794,527
16
490,800
3 232,100
1
27,471
3
44,155
4
12,000
15,367
UNIV OF CAL SAN DIEGO
95
5,249,443
84 4,687,200
6
329,600
1 107,200
1
63,113
3
62,330
36 108,000
138,304
U OF CAL-REVELLE COL
8
415,700
8 415,700
U OF CAL-SCRIPPS INST
64 14,947,912
40 1,926,700
21 12,790,220
3 230,992
INSTITUTION TOTAL
167 28,613,055
132 7,029,600
27 13,119,820
1 107,200
4 294,105
3
62,330
36 109,000
138,304
UNIV 0= CAL SANTA CRUZ
24
614,799
21
573,000
1
16,517
2
25,282
4
12,000
15,367
U OF CAL-LICK 08SERV
6 263,808
6 263,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
30
878,599
27
836,800
1
16,517
2
25,282
4
12,000
15,367
UNIV OF CAL SAN FRANCISCO
8
301,150
6
174,500
1 121,400
1
5,250
11
U OF CAL-SCH OF MED
5 165,000
5
165,000
PROGRAM BRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'O POL'Y STDY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NEEDS INT
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
PROG
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
CALIFORNIA
INSTITUTION TOTAL
13
466,150
11
339,500
1 121,400
1
5,250
UNIV OF CAL SANTA BARBARA
55 2,199,314
49 1,969,500
1
29,547
5 201,267
?
6,000
7,653
JNIV OF CAL SYS' OFF
?
321,905
2 321,905
UNIV OF REDLANDS
3
19,651
1
5,671
2
13,98)
UNIV OF SAN FRANCISCO
3
56,301
1'
7,186
?
49,115
UNIV OF SANTA CLARA
6
134,927
1
26,600
1
7,622
4 100,705
UNIV OF SOUTHERN CAL
51 2,324,220
35 1,171,800
4
474,000
4 349,000
3 118,048
5 211,372
U OF SOUTHERN CAL-SCH MED
4
169,200
4
169,200
INSTITUTION TOTAL
55 2,493,420
39 1,341,000
4
474,000
4 349,000
3 118,048
5 211,372
UNIV OF THE PACIFIC
,
10,769
1
9,061
2
1,708
UNIV S 0 COORDINATE COLL
1
5,990
1
5,990
40
US INTERNATIONAL UNIV
US INTERNATIONAL UNIV
1
3,200
1
3,290
OTHER GRANTS 1 CONTRACTS
90
520,483
2
40,000
7
199,840
8 228,990
3
51,653
STATE TOTAL
81,727,750
47,554,463
16,413,660
12,011,351
2,172,802
3,575,474
1,134,000
1,452,196
1,320
905
67
104
139
105
378
COLORADO
ASPEN INST HUMAN STUDIES
ASPEN-ASPEN CTR PHYSICS
1
36,400
1
36,400
BIOL SCI CURICUL STOY CO
,
395,000
3 395.000
COLORADO COL
2
18,723
1
2,725
1
15,998
COLORADO SCH OF MINES
10
408,285
4
121,800
2 230,800
1
14,064
3
41,621
COLORADO STATE UNIV
59 5,599,429
36 3,281,100
7
423,700
9 1,524,800
1
51,690
6 318,139
1
3,000
3,842
FED ROCKY MT STATES INC
1
81,500
1
81,500
FORT LEWIS COL
1
17,547
1
17,547
LORETTO HEIGHTS COL
1
4,905
1
4,905
12
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL & SPC RES PGM
TO NATE
PLN'O POL Y STDY'S
SCHENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SURPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
Amount
PROG
INSTL (MPVI
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Mo.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Alc.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
COLORADO
NAT CTR FOR ATMOS RES
10 25,656,675
8 22,823,342
2 2,833,333
NAT JEWISH HOSP & RES CTR
1
44,000
1
44,000
REGIS COL
1
5,450
1
5,450
SOC SCI EDUC CONSORTIUM
5
225,233
5 225,233
SOUTHERN COLORADO ST COL
1
4,905
1
4,905
UNIV OF COLORADO
83 4,125,759
65 2,976,520
3
113,100
3 576,200
1
51,671
11
405,265
11
39,000
49,943
U COL3-DEN MED CTR-MFD
3
115,000
3 115,000
U OF COLO-COLO SPGS CTR
1
18,974
1
18,974
U OF COLO-DENVER CTR
1
7,400
1
7,403
U OF COLO-DENVER MED CTR
6
230,100
6
230,100
INSTITUTION TOTAL
94 4,497,233
74 3,321,620
3
113,100
3 576,200
1
51,671
13 434,642
13
39,000
49,943
UNIV OF DENVER
17
699,262
9
351,200
1
44,400
1
33,722
6 269,940
U OF DENVER-RES INST
9
61',100
3
163,000
4
309,800
2 138,300
INSTITUTION TOTAL
26 1,310,362
12
514,200
4
309,800
3 182,700
1
33,722
6 269,940
UNIV OF NORTHERN COLORADO
4
69,308
1
1,900
1
6,308
2
61,100
WEST INTERST COMM HIGH ED
1
46,080
1
46,080
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
13
38,433
13
38,433
STATE TOTAL
38,459,468
7,321,020
23,751,442
5,347,833
213,873
1,825,300
42,000
53,785
234
129
23
19
22
41
14
CONNECTICUT
AMERICAN CYANAMIC CORP
1
151,508
1
151,500
BURNDY LIBRARY. INC
1
4,500
1
4,500
CBS LABORATORIES
1
79,810
1
79,810
CENTRAL CONN ST COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
COGEN,MOLT $ ASSOC
1
79,400
1
79,400
CONN AGR EXP STATION
1
25,000
1
25,000
13
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
BRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
TO NAT'L
PLN'G & POL' Y STDY'S
NATL & SPC RES PGM
SCIENCE
TOTAL
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
CONNECTICUT
CONNECT ICUT COL
1
6,026
1
6,026
CTR FOR ENVIRNMENT % MAN
10
589,271
1
40,500
4
229,772
5 318,999
EASTERN CONN STATE COL
1
18,373
1
18,373
FAIRFIELD UNIV
4
59,812
1
16,800
1
5,904
2
37,108
FUTURES GROUP
4
384,513
4
304,513
HASKINS LABORATORIES INC
1
100,000
1
100,000
HUMAN RELAT AREA FILES
1
48,000
20,000
1
20,000
INSTITJTE FOR THE FUTURE
3
203,000
3
203,000
NEW ENGLAND INST
2
18,168
1
6,198
1
3,971
RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST
RENSSELAER POLY INST COMN
3
53,273
1
18,308
1
29,400
1
5,573
SOUTHERN CONN STATE COL
1
33,901
1
33,901
ST JOSEPH COL
3
17,558
1
5,536
2
12,014
TRINITY COL
1
2,725
1
2,725
U S-S AFR LEADER EX PROG
1
5,500
1
5,500
UNIV OF BRIDGEPORT
1
5,806
1
5,806
UNIV OF CONNECTICUT
42 1,462,556
35 1,315,750
2
36,900
1
28,288
4
81,618
2
5,000
7,683
U CONN-HEALTH CENTER
2
72,000
2
72,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
44 1,534,556
37
1,387,758
2
36,900
1
28,288
4
81,618
?
6,000
7,683
UNIV OF HARTFORD
1
10,000
1
10,000
UNIV OF NEW HAVEN
1
1,090
1
1,090
WESLEYAN UNIV
11
298,763
6
228.000
1
10,151
4
60,612
WESTERN CONN STATE COL
1
545
1
545
YALE UNIV
110 4,380,004
108 4,000,100
2 188,100
1
55,908
7 135,896
84 252,000
322,711
YALE JNIV-PEABODY MUSEUM
2
66,300
2
66,300
YALE JNIV-SCH OF MEDICINE
7
341,388
6
268,700
1
80,600
14
INSTITUTION TOTAL
119 4,787,584
108 4,327,198
3 268,700
1
55,908
7 135,896
84 252,000
322,711
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCHENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWING
on CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
NATE SPC RES PGM
TO MATT
PLN'S POL' YSTDY'S
SCIENCE
TOTAL
PROJECT
NATE RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCY
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Mo.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
CONNECTICUT
YALE-COL SOUTHERN OBSERV
1
54,980
1
54,900
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
13
7,624
4
137
9
7,487
STATE TOTAL
8,486,300
6,435,987
346,482
1,152,512
162,327
388,992
258,000
330,394
234
166
7
15
23
23
86
DELAWARE
DELAWARE STATE COL
1
5,658
1
5,658
INTER-JNIV RES CENTER INC
1
48,700
1
48,780
UNIV OF DELAWARE
28 1,886,764
21
630,400
1
10,000
1
22,935
5 423,429
1
3,000
3,842
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
2
1,015
2
1,015
STATE TOTAL
1,142,137
638,400
48,788
10,000
29,688
423,429
3,000
3,842
32
21
1
1
4
5
1
43
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
AMER ASSOC FOR ADVT SCI
6 1,463,178
1
9,900
5 1,453,270
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
2 3,529,600
2 3,529,600
AMER COUNCIL ON EDUCATION
2
178,061
2 178,061
AMER EXPRESS COMPANY
1
100,000
1
100,000
AMER GEOLOGICAL INST
4
453,390
2
152,400
2 300,900
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
4
71,232
1
5,000
1
38,000
2
27,232
AMER INST OF BIOL SCI
4
186,765
2
164,100
2
82,665
AMER POLITICAL SCI ASSOC
1
150,000
1
150,000
AMER SOC FOR INFOR SCI
1
15,000
1
15,000
AMER SOC FOR MICROBIOLOGY
2
9,377
2
9,377
AMER SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOC
1
5,900
1
2,950
2,950
AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC
1
7,588
1
7,580
AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION
1
20,300
1
20,300
15
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'O POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTANL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
ABA COMM OF CORR FACESERV
1
37,200
1
37,200
INSTITUTION TOTAL
2
57,500
1
20,300
1
37,200
AMERICAN SOC OF INTL LAW
1
160,000
1
160,000
AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
10
226,466
4
104,300
1
25,301
5
96,865
1
3,000
3,842
ARCTIC INST OF NORTH AMER
2
83,700
2
33,700
ASSOC OF AMER GEOGRAPHERS
3
103,450
1
32,500
2
70,950
ASSOC OF RES LIBRARIES
1
198,200
1 198,200
ASSOC SUPVECURRICULUM DEV
1
22,450
1
22,450
BROOKINGS INSTITUTION
2
440,300
1
315,300
1
125,000
CARNEGIE INST. OF WASH
9
322,100
9
322,100
CATHOLIC UNIV OF AMERICA
17
607,244
11
448,100
1
20,847
5
138,297
CENTER FOR A VOLUNTRY SOC
1
50,500
1
50,500
CONF 80 OF THE MATH SCI
2
129,600
1
128,300
1
1,300
COURTESY TRAVEL SERVICE
2
450,000
2 450,000
CTR-CYBERWETIC STUD INC
1
11,254
1
11,254
EDUCATION 1 PUB AFFAIRS
1
115,486
1
115,486
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW INST
1
130,900
1 130,980
ERNST & ERNST
1
99,739
1
99,739
FEDERAL CITY COL
1
6,456
1
6,456
GALLAUDET COL
1
7,393
1
7,393
GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV
16
496,742
5
61,250
2
259,247
4
34,339
1
36,965
4 104,941
GEO WASH UNIV-SCH OF MED
2
75,879
2
75,879
INSTITUTION TOTAL
18
572,621
5
61,250
2
259,247
4
34,339
3 112,844
4 104,941
GEORGETOWN UNEV
12
429,947
8
267,150
1 124,200
1
17,108
2
21,539
1
3,000
3,842
GEORGETOWN UNIV-SCH MED
1
43,700
1
43,700
INSTITUTION TOTAL
13
473,647
9
310,800
1 124,200
1
17,108
2
21,539
1
3,000
3,842
HARBRIDGE HOUSE, INC
16
I
RES APPL
SCIENCE MIFO ACT
FELLOWEHIPS
I
-
MATE a SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLNES POL VSTDYS
SIGNATURE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT-
INTRAL COOP
MAIL RECH CTRS
OBUCATION
SUPPORT
OVNITL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
,PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
-
No.
Amount
Ma
Amount
No.
Amount
Ala.
Amount
Ms.
RESTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
HOWARD UNIV
14
311,515
10
253,200
1
10.184
3
48,131
IMAGE ASSOCIATES
2
68,826
2
60,826
INST FOR SERVICES TO ED
1
57,100
1
57,100
INTL RES&TECHNOLOGY CORP
2
67,878
2
67,878
INTRNATL SOC F TECHN ASMT
1
11,000
1 11,000
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV-ADV
2
160,700
25,000
1
145,700
1
N.000
JOSEPH FROOMKIN INC
1
44,854
1
44,854
MATH ASSOC OF AMER
1
77,571
1
77,571
METROPOLITAN AFFAIR NON-P
1
98,200
1
98,200
NL CITIES/US CONF-MAYORS
2
60,680
2
60,500
NAT ACAD OF ENGINEERING
14
738,495
4
122,300
3
147,300
5 308,758
2
152,145
45
NAT ACAD OF SCIENCES
22 893,418
7
386,600
6
314,208
2
50,800
7 221,810
NAT ACAD SCI-NAT RES CNL
32 4,175,426
11
310,000
4
119,600
3
80,500
13 3,332,506
1 332,820
INSTITUTION TOTAL
54 5,068,844
18
615,588
10
433,808
5 131,300
20 3,554,316
1
332,820
NAT PLANNING ASSOC
3
162,233
1
49,233
1
47,900
1
65,100
NAT SCIENCE TCHRS ASSOC
1
31,691
1
31,691
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENG
COMMISSION ON ENG ED
1
94,014
1
94,014
NATIONAL CENTER FOR ST CT
1
74,200
1
74,200
NATL RECREATION&PARK ASSN
1
93,400
1
93,400
OTHER CONTRACTS
2 196,217
2 196,217
ORG AMER ST-PAN AM UNION
1
4,719
1
4,719
PATTERN RECOGNITION SOC
1
7,508
1
7,980
PEAT,MARNICK.MITCHELL. NY
PEAT,MARWICK,MITCMELL. DC
1
98,691
1
90,691
17
POLICY CENTER INC
2
203,200
2 203,200
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCHENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL & SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G & POL'Y STDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTANL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPYI
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
POTOMAC INSTITUTE INC
1
74,900
1
74,900
PRACTICAL CONCEPTS, INC
1
39,900
1
39,900
PUBLIC TECHNOLOGY INC
5 4,307,679
1
20,263
3 4,213,616
1
73,800
RESOURCES FOR FUTURE INC
3
309,800
1
104,100
2 205,700
SPERRY URBAN SCIENCE CTR
1
68,000
1
68,000
URBAN INSTITUTE
8 1,001,300
3
300,500
1
32,000
4 668,800
WASHINGTON TECHNICAL INST
1
5,769
1
5,769
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
234
637,149
26
55,820
58
412,125
54
52,720
70
78,413
26
38,071
STATE TOTAL
24,630,556
3,028,483
6,161,096
3,203,430
8,994,767
3,242,780
6,000
7,684
483
110
89
96
122
66
2
FLORIDA
BARRY COL
1
28,061
1
28,061
CHIPOLA JR COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
FAIRCHILD TROPICAL GARDEN
3
131,100
3
131,100
FLA INTERNATIONAL UNIV
1
10,700
1
10.700
FLORIDA AGR & MECH UNIV
5
346,081
1
35,600
1
96,800
1
5,781
2 207,900
FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV
6
146,676
3
58,200
1
6,816
2
81,660
FLORIDA INST OF TECH
2
39,266
1
6,161
1
33,105
FLORIDA PRESBYTERIAN COL
1
5,769
1
5,769
FLORIDA STATE UNIV
47
2,274,604
25 1,020,700
11
504,858
1
40,600
10
708,446
1
3,000
3,842
FLORIDA TECHNOLOGICL UNIV
6
129,254
4
105,600
1
6,394
1
17,260
JACKSONVILLE UNIV
1
5,462
1
5,462
MIAMI-DADE JR COL
$
5,584
1
5,584
NEW COL
1
5,462
1
5,462
NOVA UNIV
9
603,283
3
291,400
4
299,600
1
11,993
1
290
PALM BEACH JR COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
18
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
TOTAL
NATL a SPC RES PGM
TO MATT
PLACO POL STDY'S
SCHENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT-
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
-
No.
Amount
Mo.
Amount
Ria.
Amount
No.
Amount
Ma.
I
No.
INSTITUTION
FLORIDA
SOC OF PROTOZOOLOGISTS
1
10,000
1
10,000
STATE JNIV SYS OF FLA OFF
1
5,658
1
5,658
STETSON UNIV
1
3,270
1
3,270
UNIV OF FLORIDA
42 1,450,167
35
968,000
1 324,700
1
44,393
$ 113,074
5
14,000
23,051
U OF FLA-COL OF MED
3
135,100
3 135,100
U OF FLA-FNG EXP STA
12
591,100
10
493,800
2
97,300
U OF FLA-FLA ST MUSEUM
2
113,400
2
113,400
INSTITUTION TOTAL
59 2,289,767
50 1,710,300
3
422,000
1
44,393
5 113,074
5
18,000
23,051
UNIV OF MIAMI
16
634,756
15
555,700
1
45,456
2
33,600
4
12,000
15,367
U OF *IAMI-INST MAR SCI
36
3,522,500
28 1,292,700
8 2,229,800
U OF MIAMI-SCH OF MED
6 1,102,500
5
196,200
1 906,300
INSTITUTION TOTAL
60 5,259,756
48 2,044,600
8 2,229,800
1
906,300
1
45,456
2
33,600
4
12,000
15,367
UNIV 0c SOUTH FLORIDA
24
484,899
17
341,140
2
68,490
1
9,388
4
65,873
UNIV OF TAMPA
1
5,781
1
5,781
UNIV OF WEST FLORIDA
2
23,718
1
5,818
1
17,900
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
11
52,955
1
46,200
0
6,755
STATE TOTAL
11,869,286
5,812,909
3,034,258
1,493,590
238,721
1,289,804
33,000
42,25:
#
246
156
23
7
30
30
11
GEORGIA
ALBANY STATE COL
1
17,200
1
17,200
ATLANTA UNIV
3
165,044
1
27,400
2 137,644
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CENTER
1
5,400
1
5,400
CLARK COL
1
222,600
1
222,600
COLUMBUS COL
1
5,700
1
5,700
EMORY UNIV
9
207,531
4
100,700
1
17,070
4
89,761
FERNBANK SCIENCE CENTER
1
5,828
1
5,824
19
PROGRAM GRANTS ADD CONTRACTS
ECHENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
STATES - CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RESPOM
TO NAT'L
PLNG& POL' YSTDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL (MRVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Ala.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
GEORGIA
FORT VALLEY STATE COL
1
5,634
1
5,634
GEORGIA COLLEGE
3
15,451
1
5,450
2
10,000
GEORGIA INST OF TECH
29
1,268,593
17
459,600
1
166,680
2 134,000
3 256,947
6 250,946
GEORGIA SOUTHERN COL
1
5,462
1
5,462
GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY
5
65,075
1
15,000
1
5,928
3
44,147
LA GRANGE COL
1
11,983
1
11,983
MEDICAL COL OF GEORGIA
2
37,899
1
30,000
1
7,099
MERCER UNIV
1
2,188
1
2,180
MOREHOUSE COL
2
39,300
2
39,300
MORRIS BROWN COL
1
14,000
1
14,000
NORTH GEORGIA COL
1
1,898
1
1,090
SAVANNAH STATE COL
4
271,915
2
20,180
1
3,815
1
240,000
SKIDAWAY INST OF OCEANGRY
10 988,108
10
980,100
SOUTHN REG ED BOARD
1 130,000
1 130,000
SPELMAN COL
2
16,938
1
1,090
1
15,840
UNIV OF GEORGIA
44 1,266,195
34 1,832,780
2
57,698
a 175,797
4
12,000
15,357
U OF GA-MARINE INST
2
27,200
2
27,209
INSTITUTION TOTAL
46 1,293,395
36 1,059,900
2
57,698
6
175,797
4
12,000
15,367
WEST GEORGIA COL
1
4,985
1
4,985
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
9
18,575
1
2,498
1
2,475
7
5,610
STATE TOTAL
4,802,489
1,782,600
1,149,190
266,475
379,978
1,224,246
12,000
15,367
137
66
12
4
23
32
4
HAWAII
BERNICE P BISHOP MUSEUM
2
154,000
2
154,800
CHAMINAGE 00L OF HONOLINU
1
17,775
1
17,775
HAWA DEPT PLAN & ECON DEV
1
21,688
1
21,608
20
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
RESEARCH
NATL & SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL'Y STDY'S
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
33-362 4 74 O
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
HAWAII
UNIV OF HAWAII
73 3,969,151
58 2,066,150
6 1,378,700
2 400,900
2
56,211
5
67,190
4
12,000
15,357
U OF HAWA-COL TROP AGR
1
35,900
1
35,900
INSTITUTION TOTAL
74 4,005,051
59 2,102,050
6 1,378,700
2
400,900
2
56,211
5
67,190
4
12,000
15,357
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
5
21,695
6
21,695
STATE TOTAL
4,220,121
2,256,050
1,378,700
422,500
77,906
84,965
12,000
15,367
84
61
6
3
8
6
4
IDAHO
BOISE STATE COLLEGE
1
4,200
1
4,200
COL OF IDAHO
?
7,482
1
1,635
1
5,847
IDAHO STATE UNIV
2
60,180
1
53,700
1
6,480
1
3,000
3,442
NORTHWEST NAZARENE COL
1
5,584
1
5,584
49
UNIV OF IDAHO
13
359,364
4
144,500
2
33,161
7
181,703
STATE TOTAL
436,810
198,200
46,860
191,750
3,000
3,842
19
5
5
9
1
ILLINOIS
AMERICAN COL OF RADIOLOGY
1
8,700
1
8.700
ARGONNE NATIONAL LAB
6
655,150
1
22,700
3
608,450
2
24,000
AUGUSTANA COL
1
1.090
1
1,090
BERNARD WOLNAK & ASSOC
1
5,900
1
5,900
BRADLEY UNIV
2
47,519
1
5,609
1
41,910
CHICAGO MEDICAL SCHOOL
2
24,411
1
18,900
1
5,511
CHICAGO PARK DISTRICT
ADLER PLANETARIUM
1
16,982
1
16,982
CHICAGO STATE COL
1
11,190
1
11,197
CHICAGO, CITY OF
1
150,000
1
150,000
21
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
TO NAT'L
PLNG& POL YSTD(S
RESEARCH
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
NATL SPC RES PGM
NEEDS INT
INTRNL COOP
PROJECT
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
Amount
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
ILLINOIS
COL OF OU PAGE
1
7,400
1
7,400
CTR FOR RES LIBRARIES
1
400,000
1
400.000
DEPAUL UNIV
7
41,349
3
15,700
1
8,156
3
17,493
EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIV
1
17,000
1
17,000
ELMHURST COL
1
6,500
1
6,500
FON FOR ILL ARCHAEOLO INC
1
27,500
1
27,500
FIELD MUSEUM OF NAT HIST
8
331.440
6
302,700
2
28,740
GOVERNORS STATE UNIV
1
32,000
1
32,000
IIT RESEARCH INSTITUTE
4
256,600
1
2,000
3 254,600
ILL ST MUSEUM
1
45,000
1
45,000
ILLINOIS BENEDICTINE COL
2
12,259
1
6,394
1
5,865
394,400
17,800
2
67,471
8
244,106
1.
3,000
3,842
50
ILLINOIS INST OF TECH
24
723,777
13
1
ILLINOIS SCI LECTURE ASSN
1
1,200
1
1,200
ILLINOIS ST UNIV
6
95,043
1
17,500
1
6,247
4
71,295
JOHN CRERAR LIBRARY
1
43,000
1
43,000
KNOX COL
3
88,953
1
40,000
1
1,635
1
47,318
LAKE FOREST COL
2
11,655
1
5,800
1
5,855
LAKE LAND COL
1
1,300
1
1,300
LOYOLA UNIV
4
24,126
1
7,884
3
16,242
LOYOLA UNIV-SCH OF MED
1
24,800
1
24,800
INSTITUTION TOTAL
5
48,926
1
24,800
1
7,854
3
16,242
MACHURRAY COL
1
6,950
1
6,950
MONMOUTH COL
1
6,063
1
6,063
MUSEUM OF SCI & IND
1
37,008
1
37,000
NAT OPINION RESEARCH CTR
4
456,200
4
466,280
NINTH INTL CONG OF A&E SC
1
30,000
1
30,000
22
NORTHEASTERN ILL ST COL
1
5,609
1
5,609
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPE
REBEARCH
NATL SPC PGM
TO
PLN'G POL'Y STOY'S
SCIENCE
TOTAL
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTANL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
PROG
No.
Amount
No
Amount
Me
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No
Amount
Mo.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
ILLINOIS
NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV
14
499,561
8
203,500
2
97,688
I
8,745
7
189,624
NORTHWESTERN UNIV
57 3,580,240
55 3,028,350
4
293,032
2
75.300
2
49,506
4
134,052
14
54,000
69,152
NORTHWSTRN U-CHGO-MED SCH
2
71,000
?
71.000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
69 3,651,240
57 3,099,350
4
293.032
2
75,300
2
49,506
4 134,052
19
54,000
53,152
PRESAY-ST LUKES MOSP
1
33.000
1
33,000
ROOSEVELT UNIV
1
32,380
1
32,380
SOUTHERN ILL U-CARBONDALE
10
200,450
5
95,500
2
10,472
%
94,475
SOUTHN ILL U-EDWAROSVILLE
4
78,168
1
30,800
1
6,968
2
40,400
TRINITY COL
1
1,090
1
1.090
UNIV OF CHICAGO
20 8,452,564
112
7,256,950
1
1,800
5 1,081,900
1
59,414
1
52,500
42
126,000
161,355
UNIV OF ILLINOIS SYS OFF
1
10,434
1
10,434
UNIV OF ILLINOIS-CHGO CIR
35 1,025,256
31
178,600
1
75,100
1
16,412
2
55,144
1
3,000
3,842
UNIV OF ILLINOIS-MED CTR
4
145,400
4
145,400
UNIV OF ILLINDIS-URRANA
50 10,759,449
122 6,471,500
2
89,100
3 1,898,203
3 158,799
10 2,141,750
32
96,000
122.937
WESTERY ILLINOIS UNIV
2
11,924
1
5,524
1
6,400
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
41
174,175
3
70,200
9
48,239
27
16,373
2
19,363
STATE TOTAL
28,738,757
19,747,100
679,859
4,425,950
514,261
3,371,587
282,300
361,128
551
382
19
11
55
56
94
INDIANA
BALL STATE UNIV
4
129,160
1
3,270
3 125,893
COUNCIL OF BIOL EDITORS
1
4,100
1
4,100
DEPAUN UNIV
1
5,757
1
5,757
EARLHAM COL
2
10,615
1
5,475
1.
5,140
INDIANA STATE UNIV
4
110,715
1
37,000
2
43,171
1
30,544
INDIANA U REG CAM SYS OFF
1
5,511
1
5,511
INO UNIV-FORT WAYNE
1
6,100
1
6,100
23
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
RES PL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
TO L
PLN'G& POL YSTDY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTAS
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
Amount
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
INDIANA
INSTITUTION TOTAL
2
11,611
1
6,100
1
5,511
INDIANA UNIV-BLOOMINGTON
79
3,301,295
58 2,547,200
1
55,300
2
143,400
2
52,880
16
502,515
3
27,000
34,576
INDIANA UNIV-INDIANAPOLIS
1
7,295
1
7,295
IND UNIV-SCH OF MED
3
95,000
3
95,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
4
102,295
3
95,000
1
7,295
MANCHESTER COL
1
8,990
1
8,990
PURQUE UNIV
104
5,761,079
73 3,187,500
2
13,200
11 1,386,900
2
63,549
16 1,109,930
19
57,000
72,994
PURDUE UNIV-AGR EXP STA
1
149,000
1
149,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
105 5,910,079
74
3,336,500
2
13,200
11 1,386,980
2
63,549
16 1,109,930
19
57,000
72,994
ROSE-HJLMAN INST OF TECH
1
2,180
1
2,180
TAYLOR UNIV
2
3,690
1
1,090
1
2,600
UNIV OF NOTRE DAME
32
2,069,541
20 1,363,700
4
305,700
1
35,308
7
364,833
1
3,000
3,842
VALPARAISO UNIV
3
41,518
1
1,090
2
40,428
WABASH COL
1
10,300
1
10,300
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
11
6,325
11
6,325
STATE TOTAL
11,728,171
7,395,800
68,500
1,836,000
237,001
2,190,870
87,000
111,412
253
158
3
17
27
48
29
TOWA
CENTRAL COL
1
10,610
1
10,610
CLARKE COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
COE COL
1
4,905
1
4,905
CORNELL COL
1
4,360
1
4,360
DES MOINES AREA CC-ANKENY
1
4,905
1
4,905
4
135,228
4
135,228
DRAKE UNIV
1
2,725
1
2,725
GRACELAND COL
45,042
35,000
1
5,842
1
4,200
24
GRINNELL COL
3
1
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL & SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL'Y STDY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVI
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Ms.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
IOWA
TOWA CENTRAL COMM COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
TOWA LAKES COMMUNITY COL
1
1,900
1
1,900
IOWA ST U OF SCIENCE&TECH
32
1,253,030
22
840,200
2
213,000
2
36,711
6
163,119
1
3,000
3,842
LORAS COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
LUTHER COL
4
31,625
1
2,725
3
28,900
SOUTHEASTERN CMTY COLLEGE
1
8,211
1
8,211
UNIV OF TOWA
41
1,298,256
25
769,800
3
76,383
13
452,073
3
9.000
11,525
U OF TOWA-COL OF MED
?
63,000
2
63,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
43 1,361,256
27
832,800
3
76,383
13
452,073
3
9,000
11,525
UNIV OF NORTHERN IOWA
4
94,583
1
4,360
3
90,223
WARTBURG COL
3
12,390
1
2,725
2
9,665
5
OTHER GRANTS 1 CONTRACTS
11
47,795
1
40,980
10
6,815
STATE TOTAL
3,021,835
1,708.000
253,980
163,937
895,918
12.000
15,367
114
50
3
27
34
4
KANSAS
BENEDICTINE COLLEGE
2
16,152
1
5,462
1
10,690
BETHANY COL
1
1,635
1
1,535
BETHEL COL
1
15,000
1
15,000
CENTER FOR RESEARCH INC
1
58,900
1
58,900
UNIV 3F KANS-CTR FOR RES
1
29,900
1
29,900
INSTITUTION TOTAL
2
88,800
2
88,800
DODGE CITY COMM JR COL
1
1,900
1
1,900
JOHNSON CO COMMUNITY COLL
1
3,815
1
3,815
KANS ST COL OF PITTSBURG
1
39,451
1
39,451
KANSAS STATE TCHRS COL
6
212,821
1
3,815
5
209.006
KANSAS STATE UNIV
20
542,844
13
364,800
1
27,416
6 150,628
25
PROGRAM BRANTS AND CONTRACTS
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
FOTAL
RESEARCH
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL Y STDY'S
SCIENCE
BRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
NATL SPC RES PGM
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
KANSAS
KANSAS WESLEYAN
1
1,090
1
1,090
SOUTHWESTERN COL
1
2,725
1
2,725
UNIV OF KANSAS
36
965,171
28
799,000
1
36,661
7
129,510
UNIV OF KANSAS MED CENTER
UNIV OF KANSAS MED CENTER
2
52,000
2
52,000
WASHBURN UNIV OF TOPEKA
1
2,725
1
2,725
WICHITA STATE UNIV
5
99,674
3
71,300
1
7,513
1
20,861
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
5
3,333
5
3,333
STATE TOTAL
2,049,136
1,390,900
96,190
562.046
66
49
15
22
KENTUCKY
ASBURY COL
2
28,431
2
28,431
BELLARMINE-URSULINE COL
1
5,720
1
5,720
CENTRE COL OF KENTUCKY
2
11,040
1
4,360
1
6,680
COUNCIL OF STATE GOVTS
3
64,200
3
64,200
CUMBERL AND COL
1
1.098
1
1,090
EASTERN KENTUCKY UNIV
1
2,100
1
2,180
KENTUCKY LEGISLATIVE RES
1
25,200
1
25,200
KENTUCKY STATE COL
1
5,560
1
5,560
KENTUCKY WESLEYAN COL
1
4,700
1
4,700
MOREHEAD STATE UNIV
2
17,407
1
8,527
1
8,880
THOMAS MORE COL
4
33,992
1
3,815
3
30,177
UNIV OF KENTUCKY
15
223,278
12
150,200
1
43,461
2
29,617
UNIV OF KY-COL OF AGR
1
3,866
1
3,866
INSTITUTION TOTAL
16
227,144
12
150,200
1
43,461
3
33,483
UNIV OF LOUISVILLE
11
233,292
3
51,500
1
10,445
7
171,347
1
3,000
3,842
26
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO MATE
PLN'G POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTANL COOP
EDUCA TION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
KENTUCKY
U OF LOUISVILLE-SCH MED
3
81,700
3
81,700
INSTITUTION TOTAL
14
314,992
6
133,200
1
10,445
7
171,347
1
3,000
3,842
WESTERN KENTUCKY UNIV
3
40,231
1
6,075
2
34,156
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
613
1
613
STATE TOTAL
782,500
283,400
89,400
91,846
317,554
3.000
3,842
53
18
4
11
20
1
LOUISIANA
APPLIED ALUMINUM RES CORP
1
4,582
1
4,582
DELGARD VOC TECH JR COLL
1
7,099
1
7,099
GRAMBLING COL
5
101,790
3
45,800
1
6,480
1
49,510
5
LA ST JNIV BATON ROUGE
30
896,963
20
532,600
2
146,300
1
37,242
7
180,821
3
9,000
11,525
5
LA ST UNIV-AGR EXP STA
2
36,900
2
36,900
INSTITUTION TOTAL
32
933,863
22
569,500
2
146,300
1
37,242
7
183,821
1
9,000
11,525
LA ST JNIV NEW ORLEANS
9
126,714
5
101,831
1
8,690
3
16,193
LA ST UNIV SYSTEM OFFICE
1
8,026
1
8,026
LOUISIANA TECH UNIVERSITY
2
10,816
1
5,916
1
4,900
LOYOLA UNIV
4
88,383
4
88,383
NICHOLLS STATE UNIVERSITY
3
66,102
1
2,180
2
63,922
NORTHEAST LOUISIANA UNIV
1
33,100
1
33,100
NORTHWESTERN ST UNIV-LA
1
5,487
1
5,487
SOUTHERN UNIV
6
351,213
2
28,200
1
263,500
1
8,102
2
51,411
ST MARYS DOMINICAN COL
2
17,230
2
17,230
TULANE UNIV
17
466,961
13
290,500
1
65,000
1
25,377
2
65,284
,
9,000
11,525
UNIV OF SOUTHWESTERN LA
2
5,836
1
300
1
5,536
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
5
41,874
1
37,960
4
3,914
STATE TOTAL
2,269,076
1,106,891
4,882
495,600
124,049
537,654
18,000
23,050
27
92
47
2
4
15
24
5
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
NATL SPC PGM
TO NAT'L 2
PLNG& POL STOYS
TOTAL
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No
Amount
No.
Amount
No
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
MAINE
BOWOOIN COL
5
152,251
1
10,000
1
5,732
3 136,519
COLBY COL
1
60,890
1
60,890
JACKSON LAB
4
91,552
1
53,000
3
34,552
MT DESERT ISLAND BIOL LAB
1
76,100
1
76,100
RICKER COL
1
2,900
1
2,900
U OF ME-PORTLAND-GORHAM
1
7,862
1
7,562
UNIV MAINE, PRESQUE ISLE
1
1,090
1
1.090
UNIV OF MAINE ORONO
17
376,019
8
206.100
1
5,125
1
23,601
1
17,137
6 124,057
UNIV OF MAINE, FARMINGTON
1
26,508
1
26,508
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
4
18,233
1
15,500
1
509
2
2,224
STATE TOTAL
813,405
360,700
5,125
24,109
34,045
389,425
36
12
1
2
6
15
56
MARYLAND
AMER 870 OF GIOL CHEM
2
12,000
2
12,000
AMER TYPE CULTURE COLLECT
1
25,000
1
25,000
MONIE STATE COL
1
6,014
1
6,014
CATONSVILLE COMM COL
1
5,450
1
5,450
CHARLES COUNTY COMM COL
1
98,910
1
98,910
CHESAPE COLLEGE
1
5,487
1
5,487
CHESPKE RES CONSRTIUM INC
1 1,649,700
1 1,649,700
COL OF NOTRE DAME OF MO
1
1,300
1
1,300
COLUMBI A UNION COL
2
13,097
1
7,500
1
5,597
COPPIN STATE COL
2
203,700
1
54,800
1 228,900
ENTOMOL OGICAL SOC OF AMER
1
10,800
1
10,800
GOUCHER COL
1
5,487
1
5,487
HOOD COL
1
3,000
1
3.000
28
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
SCHENTIFIC
TOTAL
REBEARCH
TO M.TL
PLNGA POL YSTDVS
NATE & SPC RES PGM
SCHENCE
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRIN. COOP
EDU ATION
NATE ASCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
Ala.
Amount
Plin.
Amount
Ma.
Amount
Me.
Amount
No.
Amount
Me.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
MARYLAND
HYDROSPACE RESEARCH CORP
4
472,875
4
472,875
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV
66 3,121,781
55 2,203,000
4
293,100
1 325,000
3 244,437
3
56,244
7
21,000
25,493
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV-HYG
5
144,500
4
141,500
1
3,000
JOHNS HOPKINS.UNIV-MED
14
485,000
14
485,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
85 3,751,281
73 2,829,500
4
293,100
1 325,000
4 247,437
3
56,244
7
21,000
26,893
MARTIN COMPANY
2
129,566
1
59,600
1
69,966
MARTIN CO-RIAS DIVISION
3
105,700
2
49,400
1
56,300
INSTITUTION TOTAL
5
235,266
3
109.000
1
69,966
1
56,300
MATHEMATICA
MATHEMATICA INC
1
119,956
1 119,956
MD ACAO OF SCIENCES
1
24,900
1
24,900
57
MORGAN STATE COL
1
59,425
1
59,425
RICHARD P MUELLER & ASSOC
1
22,393
1
22,393
RMC PESEARCH CORPORATION
2
135,000
2
135,000
ST JOHNS COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
ST MARYS COL OF 40
1
1,090
1
1,090
TERRASPACE INC
1
54,100
1
54,100
U S NAVAL ACADEMY
2
26,724
2
26,724
UNIV 05 MARYLAND
84 4,616,759
TO 3,613.050
3
138,000
4 566,300
1
56,097
6 243,312
2
6,000
7,653
U OF YD-CHESAPEAKE BIOL
1
10,100
1
10,100
INSTITUTION TOTAL
85 4,626,859
70 3,613,050
3
138,000
4 566,300
1
56,097
7 253,412
?
5,000
7.683
UNIV OF MARYLAND SYS OFF
1
15,983
1
15,983
UNIV OF MD, BALT CNTY
9
160,037
8 153,980
1
6,137
UNIV OF MO, BALTIMORE
,
95,800
3
95,800
UNIV OF MD, ESTRN SHORE
1
5,499
1
5,499
WESTERN MARYLAND COL
1
6,186
1
6,186
29
WESTINGHOUSE ELECT CORP
WESTINGHOUSE DEFENSE CTR
1
93,931
1
93,931
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
TOTAL
RESEARCH
TO NATL
PLNGS POL YSTDY'S
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
NATL SPC RES PGM
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Mo.
Amount
No.
Amount
No
Amount
No
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
MARYLAND
WOLF RES AND DEV CORP
1
212
1
212
OTHER GRANTS 1 CONTRACTS
56
130,191
1
60
6
11,966
21
81,006
17
25,183
11
11,776
STATE TOTAL
12,158,743
6,899,410
1,120,907
2,968,686
405,149
764,591
27,000
34,576
279
162
20
32
36
29
3
MASSACHUSETTS
ART ASSOCIATES INC
1
93,250
1
93,250
AMER 4040 OF ARTS AND SCI
2
165,200
1
138,300
1
26,900
AMER AJTO CONTROL COUNCIL
1
50,000
1
50,000
AMER 4. TEOROLOGICAL SOC
?
24,400
2
24,400
AMERICAN TNTL COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
AMHERST COL
9
308,637
6
285,500
1
8,347
2
15,090
5
ARTHUR 7 LITTLE INC
1
34,660
1
34,850
ROSTON ARCHITECTURAL CTP
1
21,000
1
21,000
ROSTON BIOMED RES INST
5
172,300
5
172.300
30STON CITY HOSPITAL
1
373,700
1
373,700
ROSTON COL
13
500,348
5
187,000
1
67.100
1
25,988
5
220,261
ROSTON DISPENSARY
1
25,000
1
25,000
ROSTON UNIV
14
459,895
9
245,000
1
115,000
1
18,653
3
1,242
1
3,000
3,842
BOSTON UNIV-SCH OF MED
3
119,500
3
119,500
INSTITUTION TOTAL
17
579,395
12
364,500
1
115,000
1
18,653
3
81,242
1
3,000
3,842
BRANDEIS UNIV
34 1,254,553
33 1.065,200
1
79,700
1
23,903
3
85,850
2
6,000
7,653
BRIDGEWATER STATE COLLEGE
3
65,909
1
1,635
2
64,274
CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTP
2
110,000
2
110,000
CLARK UNIV
A
205,263
4
185,000
1
8,963
1
10,500
COL OF OUR LADY OF ELMS
1
3,460
1
3,463
COL OF THE HOLY CROSS
2
65,619
2
65,619
30
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC AES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLNGA POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT
INTRNL COOP
NATE RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
DVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Mo
Amount
Mo.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
MASSACHUSETTS
CONTRACT RESEARCH CORP
1
100,572
1
100.577
DATA RESOURCES, INC
1
50,091
1
50,391
DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES. INC
1
5,526
DYNATECH R/D CO.
1
427,000
-
5,525
427,000
EASTERN NAZARENE COL
1
3,600
1
3,600
EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT CTR
11
867,864
11
867,864
EMMANUEL COL
1
10,642
1
10,542
FITCHBURG STATE COLLEGE
1
1,635
1
1,535
GORDON COL
1
13,090
1
13,090
HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE
2
36,459
1
6,805
1
29,654
HARBRIDGE HOUSE, INC
1
70,466
1
70,456
HARVARD UNIV
173
7,456,180
157 5,673,164
10 1,501,752
1
59,077
5
222.187
170
510,000
653.104
HARVARD UNIV-GRAD SCH 8 A
1
105,200
1
105,200
HARVARD UNIV-HERBARIUM
5
280,524
5
280,524
HARVARD UNIV-MED SCH
13
300,084
11
261,204
1
11,300
1
27,580
HARVARD UNIV-ORSERVATORY
7
270,362
,
270,352
HARVARD UNIV-PEABODY MUS
3
80,202
3
80,202
HARVARD UNIV-SCH PUB HLTH
1
13,857
1
13,857
INSTITUTION TOTAL
203 8,506,409
183 6,565,456
1
11,300
11 1,606,952
2
86,657
6 236,044
170
510,000
653,184
LINCOLN LABORATORY
1
4,000
1
4,000
LOWELL TECHNOLOGICAL INST
2
143,885
1
130,900
1
12,985
M.I.T. DEVELOP FOUNDATION
1
28,000
1
28,000
MANLABS INC
2
80,700
2
40,700
MARINE BIOLOGICAL LAB
5
224.600
5
224,600
MASS COL OF OPTOMETRY
1
4,905
1
4,905
MASS GENERAL HOSPITAL
3
102.000
3
102,000
MASS INST OF TECH
195 17,760,984
148 11,642,626
9 2,153,000
21 3,331,405
9 317,274
8 305,679
192
576.000
736,782
HASS SCIENCE 1 TECH FON
,
74,700
1
50,700
1
24,000
31
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL YSTDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No
Amount
No.
Amount
No
Amount
No
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
MASSACHUSETTS
MERRIMACK COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
MITRE CORPORATION
1
74,600
1
74,600
MT HOLYOKE COL
2
5,805
1
900
1
4,905
NEW ENG BRD OF HIGHER EDU
1
355,500
1
355,500
NEW ENGL MED CTR HOSP
1
8,700
1
8,700
NEW ENGLAND AQUARIUM CORP
1
37,100
1
37,100
NEWTON COLLEGE
2
365,620
2
365,620
NORTHEAST RADIO OBS CORP
3
785,806
2
698,467
1
87,339
NORTHEASTERN UNIV
15
556,023
11
467,200
1
35,500
1
25,923
2
27,400
0'DONNELL ASSOCIATES
1
31,000
1
31,000
R S PEARODY FON ARCH
1
38,000
1
38,000
RADCLIFFE COLLEGE
2
29,846
1
24,200
1
5,646
09
REGIS COL
2
16,683
1
7,121
1
9,562
SCORE INC
1
30,000
1
30,000
SIMMONS COL
3
31,413
1
3.270
2
28,143
SMITH COL
6
164,861
4
143,900
1
6,051
1
14,910
SOC FOR EXP STRESS ANAL
1
5,000
1
5,000
SOUTHEASTERN MASS UNIV
2
116,541
1
110,600
1
5,941
TUFTS JNIV
9
158,410
4
55,600
1
19,082
4
83,728
1
3,000
3,842
TUFTS UNIV-SCH OF MED
5
246,400
4
181,300
1
65,100
INSTITUTION TOTAL
14
404,810
8
236,900
1
65,100
1
19,082
4
83,728
1
3,000
3,842
U MASS MED SCH-WORCESTER
2
61,000
2
81,000
UNIV OF MASS SYSTEMS OFF
1
5,708
1
5,708
UNIV OF MASS, BOSTON
U OF MASS-MARINE STATION
1
29,800
1
29,800
UNIV-MASS AMHERST CAMPUS
66 2,264,997
55 1,868,300
1
54,400
4
157,000
1
38,055
7
147,242
1
3,000
3,842
UNIV-MASS BOSTON CAMPUS
3
36,110
2
29,900
1
6,210
32
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL & SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLNG POL YSTDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
5 O 33-362 I
PROG
Ma
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
MASSACHUSETTS
WELLESLEY COL
2
53,253
1
47,327
1
5,753
WENTWORTH INST
1
16,222
1
16,222
WESTERN NEW ENGLAND COL
1
3,760
1
3,760
WESTFIELD STATE COLLEGE
1
35,359
1
35,359
WGBH EDUCATIONAL FOUND
1
50,000
1
50,000
WHEATON COL
1
4,905
1
4,905
WILLIAMS COL
5
97,290
1
5,000
1
6,382
4
85,908
WOODS HOLE OCEAN INST
60
6,059,563
40 1,949,125
16 3,933,900
1
104.000
3
72,538
WORCESTER FON EXP BIO
5
232,000
5
232,000
WORCESTER POLYTECH INST
7
187,736
4
83,700
1
10,249
2
88,787
OTHER GRANTS , CONTRACTS
41
118,998
1
33,500
?
26,108
2
19,17)
35
19,305
1
20,915
STATE TOTAL
44,901,211
27,375,964
6,443,474
6,866,926
1,263,377
2,951,470
1,101.000
1,409,095
I9
805
559
34
55
81
75
367
MICHIGAN
ADRIAN COL
3
14,971
1
5,511
2
9,460
ALBION COL
?
9,375
1
5,475
1
3,900
ALMA COL
4
23,425
1
4,905
3
13,520
AMER ENTOMOLOGICAL INST
1
24,300
1
24,300
CALVIN COL
1
5,646
1
5,646
EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIV
2
14,428
1
5,928
8,500
#
FERRIS ST COL
1
2,180
1
2,180
FORD SCIENTIFIC LAB
1
695,220
1
695,221
GRAND VALLEY STATE COL
1
51,216
1
51,216
HENRY FORD COMM COL
1
4,000
1
4,003
HOPE COL
,
129,284
2
28,200
1
6,394
5
94,690
33
KALAMA? 00 COL
2
15,435
1
4,905
1
17,53)
,
PROGRAM BRANTS AND CONTRACTS
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
TOTAL
RESEARCH
TO NATE
PLN'G& POL YSTDY'S
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
NATE SPC RES PGM
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTAS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Ale.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
MICHIGAN
KALAMAZOO STATE HOSPITAL
1
17,300
1
17,300
LAWRENCE INST OF TECH
1
13,046
1
13,046
MARYGROVE COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
MENTAL HEALTH RES INST
2
118,600
2
118,600
MERCY COL OF DETROIT
2
70,700
1
65,250
1
5,450
MICH COL OSTEOPATHIC MED
1
8,139
1
0,139
NICH TECHNOLOGICAL UNIV
8
231,046
3
131,600
1
8,483
4
90,963
MICHIGAN CANCER FON
1
19,800
1
19,800
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV
61
3,743,132
45 2,936,480
1
31,200
2
371,100
1
51,298
12
353,134
10
30,000
38,418
NORTHERN MICHIGAN UNIV
1
5,462
1
5,462
OAKLAND UNIV
8
227,347
4
145,100
1
7,132
3
75,115
SAGINAM VALLEY COL
1
7,900
1
7,900
62
SIENA HEIGHTS COL
1
8,778
1
8,778
SOCIETY-MANUFACTURING ENG
1
19,988
1
19,900
UNIV OF DETROIT
4
147,984
1
7,066
3 140,915
UNIV OF MICHIGAN
152 7,052,050
130 5,406,145
6
476,700
7 907.200
1
63,327
8 195,975
65 195,000
249,717
U OF ICH-DEARAORN CAMPUS
1
51,512
1
51,512
U OF MICH-MED SCH
4
159,700
4
159,700
INSTITUTION TOTAL
157
7,263,262
134 5,565,845
6
476,700
7 907,200
1
63,027
9 250,490
65
195,000
249,717
WAYNE STATE UNIV
21
588,926
9
218,200
1
7,623
1
37,100
2
26,214
8
219,789
2
5,000
7,68%
WAYNE ST UNIV-SCM OF MED
2
76,480
2
76,400
INSTITUTION TOTAL
23
585,326
11
294,600
1
7,623
1
37,100
2
26,214
8 219,789
2
6.000
7,683
WESTERY MICH UNIV
10
256,072
1
6,100
1
6,892
8 243,080
OTHER GRANTS 1 CONTRACTS
18
97,624
1
86,520
17
11,104
STATE TOTAL
13,831,988
9,382,504
535,423
2,075,870
242,940
1,595,251
231,000
295,818
329
207
9
12
37
64
77
34
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
ECIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWING
SAMITEE on CONTRACTOR
FORAL
REGEARCH
NATE & are RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'US POL YSTDY'S
SCHENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRAL COOP
MATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
#
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
MINNESOTA
BEHIDJI STATE COL
1
5,916
1
5,916
BETHEL COL 1 SEM
1
1,090
1
1,090
CARLETON COL
5
78,941
1
3,400
1
5,928
3
61,613
COL OF ST REMEDICT
1
1,090
1
1,190
COL OF ST TERESA
1
17,023
1
17,023
E J LONGYEAR COMPANY
1
66,600
1
66,600
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS COL
2
9,848
1
5,548
1
4,300
INTERSTUDY
1
112,936
1
112,936
INTL STUDIES ASSOCIATION
1
11,100
1
11,100
MACALESTER COL
2
15,348
1
6,848
1
8,500
MANKATO STATE COL
1
26,950
1
25,950
MINN ST PLANNING AGENCY
1
36,400
1
36,400
63
MOORHERD STATE COL
1
5,499
1
5,499
SOUTHWEST MINN STATE COL
3
17,410
3
17,410
ST CLOUD STATE COL
2
46,368
1
4,360
1
42,008
ST JOHNS UNIV
1
1,090
1
1,090
ST MARYS COL
1
66,397
1
66,397
ST OLAF COL
4
36,351
1
5,891
3
30,460
UNIV OF MINNESOTA
82 3,489,242
63 2,037,900
3
128,800
6 907,400
4
84,464
6
330,678
16
48,000
51,469
U OF MINN-AGR EXP STA
3
101,100
3
101,100
U OF MINN-INST OF TECH
5
187,400
,
187,400
U OF MINN-MED SCH
2
88,108
2
80,100
UNIV OF MINNESOTA, DULUTH
1
6,878
1
5,870
UNIV OF MINNESOTA, MORRIS
1
14,723
1
14,723
INSTITUTION TOTAL
94 3,879,435
73 2,406,500
3
128,000
6 987,400
4
84,464
8 352,271
16
48,000
61,469
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
9
29,185
1
23,328
8
5,785
35
STATE TOTAL
4,456,897
2,409,988
218,728
1,067,836
133,509
626,932
48,00C
61,469
133
74
$
9
22
23
15
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL Y STDY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
I
NATE RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
HNSTL IMPVT
Amount
PROG
No.
Amount
Ma.
Amount
Rip.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
MISSISSIPPI
ALCORN AGR 1 MECH COL
6
66,195
2
14,100
1
5,597
3
46,494
COPIAM-LINCOLN JR COL
1
8,700
1
8,700
DELTA STATE COL
3
52,035
3
52.035
EAST CENTRAL JR COL
1
6,700
1
8,700
GULF COAST RESEARCH LAB
1
7,700
1
7,700
HINDS JR COL
1
14,500
1
14,500
JACKSON STATE COL
5
433,097
1
13,400
1
5,855
3
413,842
MARY HOLMES COLLEGE
?
60,333
1,
54,000
1
6,333
MILLSAPS COL
1
8,700
1
8,700
MISS VALLEY ST COL
2
47,624
2
47,624
MISSISSIPPI COL
3
33,018
1
5,475
2
27,543
MISSISSIPPI INDUS COL
1
2,000
1
2,000
64
MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV
6
155,896
2
63,800
1
50,500
1
10,942
2
10,654
RUST COL
4
33,838
1
5,900
1
3,815
2
24,123
TOUGALOO COL
1
8,700
1
8,700
UNIV 0= MISSISSIPPI
9
216,803
2
70,600
1
30,490
1
9,933
5
105,870
UNIV OF MISS MEDICAL CTR
1
5,600
1
5,600
INSTITUTION TOTAL
10
222,403
2
70,600
1
30,400
2
15,533
5 105,870
UNIV OF SOUTHERN MISS
8
166,721
1
12,200
1
5,597
6
148,924
UTICA JR COL
1
8,700
1
8,700
STATE TOTAL
1,338,860
187,700
134,900
79,147
937,113
57
10
3
9
35
MISSOURI
CENTRAL METHODIST COL
2
3,990
1
1.090
1
2,901
CENTRAL MO STATE COL
3
20,535
1
4,905
2
15,630
LINCOLN UNIV
2
10,671
1
5,200
1
5,671
36
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL a SPC RES PGM
TO NATE
PLNGS POL' YSTDY'S
SCHENCE
PROJECT
NATE RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SC/
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Ala.
Amount
Ala.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
MISSOURI
MIDNEST RESEARCH INST
2
147,500
1
37,500
1 110,000
#
MINERAL AREA COL
1
3,200
1
3,200
MISSOURI SOUTHERN COL
1
2,725
1
2,725
MO BOTANICAL GARDEN
4
227,500
4
227,500
NORTHEAST MO ST COL
2
57,553
1
5,524
1
52,029
NORTHWEST MO STATE UNIV
2
28,332
1
4,905
1
23,427
SOUTHEAST MO STATE COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
SOUTHWEST MO STATE COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
ST LOUIS UNIV
9
211,520
4
151,700
1
9,661
4
50,159
ST LOJIS UNIV-SCH OF MED
3
75,100
3
75,100
INSTITUTION TOTAL
12
286,620
7
226,800
1
9,661
4
50,159
UNIV OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA
40 1,077,782
28
588,250
1
102,000
4
193,000
2
45,407
5
149,125
65
UNIV OF MISSOURI KAN CITY
3
35,035
1
25,800
1
6,805
1
2,430
1
3,000
3,842
UNIV OF MISSOURI ROLLA
27 1,210,385
13
462,700
5 528,000
2
65,054
7
154,631
UNIV OF MISSOURI ST LOUIS
6
126,381
5
118,900
1
7,481
WASHINGTON UNIV
50
2,389,595
40
1,488,300
1
5,600
4 678,400
1
40,485
4
176,810
4
12,000
15,367
WASH UNIV-SCH OF MEDICINE
7
302,100
7
302,100
INSTITUTION TOTAL
57 2,691,695
47 1,790,400
1
5,600
4 678,400
1
40,485
4 176,810
4
12,000
15,367
OTHER GRANTS , CONTRACTS
6
3,154
6
3,154
STATE TOTAL
5,935,438
3,419,750
145.100
1,535,200
205,047
630,341
15,000
19,209
172
105
3
15
22
27
5
MONTANA
DAWSON COL
1
4,360
1
4,360
MONTANA COL MINERAL SCI
3
111,890
1
18,600
1
91,400
1
1,090
MONTANA STATE UNIV
10
230,971
4
75,608
1
49,900
1
25,730
4
79,741
1
3,000
1,842
NORTHERN MONTANA COL
1
49,617
1
49,517
37
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
PROG
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
MONTANA
UNIV OF MONTANA
13
250,636
5
33,600
1
85,800
1
40,753
6
90,483
2
6,000
7,643
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
700
1
700
STATE TOTAL
647,374
127,800
227,100
72,633
213,841
9,000
11,525
29
10
3
5
11
3
NEBRASKA
CHADRON STATE COL
1
8,600
1
8,600
KEARNEY STATE COL
2
21,388
1
4,905
1
16.483
MIDLAND LUTHERAN COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
NEBRASKA WESLEYAN UNIV
5
112.711
1
5,658
4
107,053
J OF NEW MFD CTR AT OMAHA
1
21,200
1
21,200
UNIV OF NEB SYSTEM OFFICE
1
6,641
1
6,641
99
UNIV OF NEBRASKA-LINCOLN
20
514,542
12
307,200
2
74,600
1
50,100
1
26,070
4
56,572
1
3,000
3,842
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
5
3,873
5
3,873
STATE TOTAL
690,045
337,000
74,600
50,100
48,237
183,105
3.300
3,842
36
14
2
1
10
9
1
NEVADA
DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE
7
623,900
5
472,800
2
151,100
UNIV OF NEV RENO CAMPUS
11
367,967
5
161,700
1
17,804
5
184,463
UNIV OF NEVADA LAS VEGAS
1
5,953
1
5,953
UNIV OF NEVADA SYS OFF
2
90,712
1
71,000
1
19,712
OTHER GRANTS 1 CONTRACTS
3
2,378
3
2,378
STATE TOTAL
1,090,910
705,500
151,100
45,847
188,463
24
11
2
6
5
38
PROGRAM BRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TO NATE
PLN'O POL'Y STDY'S
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL 4 SPC RES PGM
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS NET.
NTRML COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
MISTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
NEW HAMPSHIRE
AMERICAN UNIV FIELD STAFF
1
18,190
1
14,190
DARTMOUTH COL
24
541,691
16
461,100
1
79,500
1
20,961
6
80,130
2
5,000
683
DARTYOUTH COL-MED SCH
1
33,000
1,
33,000
DARTMOUTH COL-THAYER ENG
2
180,900
1
47,600
1
133,300
INSTITUTION TOTAL
27
855,591
18
541,700
2
212,800
1
20,961
6
80,130
?
5,000
7,683
MT WASH OBSERVATORY INC
2
57,553
2
57,553
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
NEW HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE
?
21,430
1
5,560
1
15,870
PLYMOUTH STATE COLLEGE
1
17,532
1
17,532
ST ANSELMAS COL
1
5,732
1
5,732
UNIV OF N H OURHAM
17
398,396
7
248,000
1
27,661
9
122,735
2
6,000
7,683
UNIV OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
67
U OF V H-COL OF TECH
1
39,800
1
39,800
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
3
21,565
1
20,700
2
865
STATE TOTAL
1,436,879
887,053
20,700
212,800
61,869
254,457
12,000
15,356
56
28
1
2
7
18
4
NFW JERSEY
ALPINE GEOPHYS ASSOC INC
1
97,900
1
97,900
AM FED OF INF PROCESS SOC
1
9,000
1
9,000
AMER RES CTR IN EGYPT INC
1
5.500
1
5,500
COL OF MED L DENT OF N J
1
6,100
1
6,100
COL OF 410-RUTGERS MFD SC
1
50,916
1
50,916
INSTITUTION TOTAL
2
57,016
1
50,916
1
6,100
COMPUTER HORIZONS INC
3
186,248
3
186,248
COUNCIL FOR ADV SCI WRIT
1
5,000
1
5.000
DREW UVIV
2
9,105
1
4,200
1
4,905
39
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
TOTAL
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLNGS POL' YSTDY'S
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
NEW JERSEY
EDUCATIONAL TESTING SERV
4
309,300
1
37,500
3
271,800
EDUCOM INC
2
127,800
2
97,800
30,000
FAIRLEIGH DICKINSON UNIV
FAIRLSH 0 U-FLORHM-MADSM
1
26,647
1
26,647
FAIRLSH 0 U-TEANECK
2
72,709
1
19,200
1
53,509
INSTITUTION TOTAL
3
99,356
1
19,200
2
80,156
GLASSRORO STATE COL
1
12,400
1
12,400
INST FOR ADVANCED STUDY
2
468,500
2
468,500
JERSEY CITY STATE COL
1
5,744
1
5,744
MONMOUTH COL
1
5,757
1
5,757
MONTCLAIR STATE COL
3
59,557
1
5,584
2
53,973
NATL CNCL-CRN&DEL RES CTR
1
76,700
1
76,700
68
NEWARK COL OF ENGINEERING
4
58,407
1
32,000
1
7,377
2
19,330
PRINCETON UNIV
97
4,937,557
85 4,416,400
1
24,100
3
324,300
2
57,378
6
115,379
77
231,000
295,818
PIDER COL
3
77,560
2
67,600
1
9,960
RUTGERS UNIVERSITY
74
2,669,466
65
2,139,200
2
310,700
1
41,782
6
177,784
RUTGERS U-MEDICAL SCHOOL
2
67,800
2
67,800
RUTGERS U-NEWARK CAMPUS
1
10,600
1
10,600
INSTITUTION TOTAL
77
2,747,866
67 2,207,000
2
310,700
1
41,782
7
185,384
SFTON HALL UNIV
5
30,548
1
5,475
4
25,073
ST PETERS COL
1
11,666
1
11,666
STEVENS INST OF TECH
15
614,976
12
554,600
1
12,309
2
45,067
TEXTILE RESEARCH INST
1
43,700
1
43,700
TRENTON STATE COL
2
48,683
1
4,905
1
43,779
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
15
20,334
2
2,489
13
17,845
STATE TOTAL
10,126,180
7,978,216
124,489
755,400
407,775
868,300
231,000
295,818
40
249
177
4
7
38
31
77
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL Y STDY'S
TOTAL
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
NEW MFXICO
COL OF SANTA FE
1
5,781
1
5,781
EASTERY NFW MEXICO UNIV
2
16,115
1
7,415
1
8,700
LOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LAB
3 1,728,000
2
138,000
1 1,590,000
NEW MEX INST MINING & TEC
11
561,862
7
321,600
2
210,800
1
16,612
1
12,853
NEW MEXICO HIGHLANDS UNIV
3
63,346
1
3,515
2
59,531
NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV
15
301,377
10
194,100
1
47,491
4
59,785
SCH OF AMER RESEARCH
1
74,300
1
74,300
UNIV OF ALBUQUERQUE
1
5,622
1
5,622
UNIV OF NEW MEXICO
19
601,012
14
341,900
2 148,900
1
30,844
2
79,365
1
3,000
3,842
U OF N M-SCH OF MED
1
33,000
1
33,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
20
634,012
15
374,900
2
148,900
1
30,844
2
79,368
1
3,000
3,842
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
3
2,984
3
2,984
69
STATE TOTAL
3,393,399
1,102,900
1,949,700
120,564
220,235
3,000
3,842
60
35
5
10
10
1
NEW YORK
ADELPHI UNIV
3
91,636
1
7,143
2
84,493
AGR 1 TECH COL ALFRED
1
14,000
1
14,000
ALFRED UNIV
1
5,646
1
5,646
AMER ASSOC OF PHYS TCHRS
1
1,380
1
1,380
AMER GEOGRAPHICAL SOC
1
12,100
1
12,100
AMER INST OF AERO & ASTRO
1
36,000
1
36,000
AMER INST OF PHYSICS
2
313.000
1
296,500
1
16,500
AMER MUSEUM OF NAT HIST
7
296,090
5
281,700
1
7,300
1
7,090
AMER MUS NAT HIST-HAYOEN
1
15,156
1
15,156
INSTITUTION TOTAL
8
311,246
5
281,700
1
7,300
2
22,246
AMER SOC OF CIVIL ENG
5
156,600
1
5,600
1
76,100
1
29,800
2
43,100
41
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
NATE SPC RES PGM
TO NATE
PLNGS POL YSTOY'S
SCIENCE
TOTAL
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
NATE RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
NOW YORK
AMER SDC OF MECH ENG
1
1,000
1
3.300
AMERICAN INST OF RESEARCH
1
155,400
1
155,400
AMERICAN SOC OF M.R.A/C
1
5,000
1
5,000
ASSOCIATED UNIV INC
ASSOCIATED UNIV INC-UPTON
1
10,000
1
10,000
AUDIO PRODUCTIONS
6
154,000
2
16,000
2
55,500
3,500
2
79,300
8 THOMPSON INST PLANT RES
?
40,766
1
32,400
1
1,356
BANK STREET COL OF ED
1
9,344
1
9,344
BARNARD COL
?
26,149
1
20,000
1
6,149
BROOKMA VEN LAB
9 1,055,820
4
261,350
2
780.003
1
7,200
2
7,270
CENTER FOR RESID SEC DES
1
95,800
1
95,400
CLARKSON COL OF TECH
14
420,183
7
258,600
1
36,400
1
11,361
5
111,822
70
CNTR FOR POLICY RESEARCH
,
333.138
1
267,500
1
65.639
COL AT BROCKPORT
6
145,581
2
26,310
1
6,051
3
113.230
COL AT RUFFALO
2
9,580
1
7,400
1
2,180
COL AT CORTLAND
1
5,658
1
5,658
COL AT FREDONIA
1
6,100
1
5,100
COL AT GENESEO
1
25,000
1
25,000
COL AT NEW PALTZ
1
4,800
1
4,000
COL AT OSWEGO
4a.
66,654
1
7,100
1
6,339
2
53,515
COL AT PLATTSBURGH
2
11,403
1
5,511
1
5,892
COL OF ST ROSE
1
1,090
1
1,090
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB
5
215,008
5
212,500
1
2,508
COLGATE UNIV
4
102,834
1
3,100
3
93,734
COLUMBI A UNIV
77 7.100,447
67 5,021,950
1
3,15C
5 561,400
1
101,552
3
112,365
11
33,000
42,260
COLUMBIA U-COL OF PHYS
10
581,000
9
511,900
1
69.100
42
COLUMB U-LAMONT GEO 095
41 4,142,100
30 1,677,400
11 2,454,700
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
RES APPL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC PGM
TO NATE
PLNG POL'Y STDY'S
SCIENCE
TOTAL
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
NEW YORK
INSTITUTION TOTAL
126 11,823,547
106 8,211,250
12 2,467,880
6 930,500
1
101,552
3 112,365
11
33,000
42,260
COLUMBIA UNIV SYS OFF
1
27,000
1
27,000
CONFERENCE BOARD
2
154,900
1
94,900
1
60,000
COOPER UNION
2
13,691
1
5,511
1
8,147
CORNELL UNIV
109 9,746,186
99 9,385,830
3 116,500
1
58,314
5
185,542
19
189,000
242,033
CORNELL U-MEDICAL COL
4
348,500
4
348,500
INSTITUTION TOTAL
113 10,094,686
103 9,734,330
3
116,500
1
58,314
6
185,542
63
189,000
242,033
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
CORNELL UNIV ENDOMED
10
409,700
10
409,700
CORNELL UNIV - STATE
4
236,400
4
236,400
INSTITUTION TOTAL
14
646,100
14
646,190
CORNING COMM COL
5.450
1
5,45C
71
CUNY BROOKLYN COL
7
183,563
3
73,600
1
7,459
3
102,504
CUNY CENTRAL SYS OFF
1
12,418
1
12,418
I
9,000
11,525
CUNY CITY COL
13
377,932
9
202,500
1
54,900
1
11,012
2
103,523
CUNY HUNTER COL
5
169,796
3
159,600
1
6,696
1
3,507
CUNY LEHMAN COLLEGE
2
11,757
1
6,000
1
5,757
CUNY MT SINAI SCH OF MED
1
37,200
1
37,200
CUNY QUEENS COL
5
160,179
4
147,000
1
6,979
1
6,200
CUNY RICHMOND COL
2
83.968
1
56,000
1
27,958
CUNY YORK COLLEGE
1
16,256
1
15,256
DIEBOLD GROUP INC
2
70,000
2
70,000
DOMINICAN COL OF BLAUVELT
1
545
1
545
DOWLING COLLEGE
2
4,190
1
1,100
1
1,090
DOWNST MED CTR AT BRKLYN
1
90
1
9)
ENG INDEX INC
1
128,000
1
128,000
43
FORDHAM UNIV
9
133,553
6
60,700
1
7,568
2
55,285
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL YSTDY'S
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
NATL SPC RES PGM
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
NE YORK
GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
GEN ELEC R & D CENTER
1
69,158
1
69,158
GENETICS SOC OF AMERICA
1
20,000
1
20,000
GRADUATE SCH & UNIV CTR
,
252,397
5
161,700
2
62,637
1
28,060
HEALTH RESEARCH INC
1
42,000
1
42,000
HEALTH RES-ROSWELL PARK
7
193,720
6
170,000
1
23,720
INSTITUTION TOTAL
8
235,720
7
212,000
1
23,720
HOBART AND WM SMITH COL
1
2,300
1
2,300
HOFSTRA UNIV
4
104,526
1
12,000
1
6,517
2
86,009
INST OF ELECT ENGRS
4
173,300
2
10,000
2 163,300
INST SOC, ETHICS LIFE SCI
1
102,000
1
102,000
INTERMAGNETICS GENL CORP
1
52,600
1
52,600
72
ITHACA COL
4
16,735
1
3,270
3
13,465
LEMOYNE COL
1
5,475
1
5,475
LONG ISLAND UNIVERSITY
1
8,472
1
8,472
MANHATT AN COL
5
96,381
2
63,100
1
6,100
2
27,181
MANHATT ANVILLE COL
2
26,900
1
19,700
1
7,200
MARITIME COLLEGE
1
6,370
1
6,370
MT ST MARY COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
N Y AC&O OF SCIENCES
3
5,000
3
5,000
N Y BOT ANICAL GARDEN
15
422,650
15
422,650
N Y CITY COMM COL
1
545
1
545
N Y INST OF TECHNOLOGY
N Y INST OF TECH-CTY CAMP
1
1,090
1
1,090
N Y ST PSYCHIATRIC INST
1
15,000
1
15,000
N Y ZOOLOGICAL SOC
1
9,700
1
9,700
44
NAT BUREAU OF ECON RES
8 1,940,888
6 1,715,000
2
225,800
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
NATL & SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL YSTDY'S
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
NEW YORK
NEW SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL RES
7
97,233
4
84,350
1
5,977
2
5,906
NEW YORK CITY-RAND INST
2 215,700
2
215,700
NEW YORK MEDICAL COL
5
77,297
2
62,300
1
8,658
2
6,339
NEW YORK ST SCIETECH FON
1
11,500
1
11,500
NEW YORK STATE ASSEMBLY
1
53,100
1
53,100
NEW YORK UNIV
55 2,263,210
45 1,718,200
4
232,600
2 166,500
1
53,020
3
92,890
3
9,000
11,525
N Y UVIV-SCH OF MEDICINE
3
125,000
3
125,000
N Y UNIV-UNIV HEIGHTS CTR
4
196,520
3
146,100
1
50,420
INSTITUTION TOTAL
62 2,584,730
51 1,989,300
4
232,600
2
166,500
1
53,020
4
143,310
3
9,000
11,525
NIAGARA UNIV
1
8,090
1
8,090
NYACK MISSIONARY COL
1
900
1
900
PACE COL
1
5,400
1
5,400
73
PERFORMANCE COMMUN INC
1
15,000
1
15,000
POLYTECHNIC INST OF BKLYN
15
554,720
9
433,100
1
26,424
5
95,196
PRATT INST
1
5,879
1
5,879
PROJECT UNIQUE. INC
1
121,300
1
121,300
PUBLIC HEALTH RES INST
5
174,900
5
174,900
RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST
30 1,119,347
22
798,000
1
48,900
1
32,343
6 240,104
6
18,000
23,051
ROCHESTER INST OF TECH
4
81,515
3
77,700
1
3,815
ROCKEFELLER UNIV
20
850,776
17
806,100
1
18,586
2
26,090
2
6,000
7,683
ST BONAVENTURE UNIV
2
1,442
1
1,090
1
352
ST JOHN VIANNEY SEM
1
5,462
1
5,462
ST JOHNS UNIV
2
48,250
1
43,000
1
5,250
ST LAWRENCE UNIV
4
74,738
1
1,090
3
73,645
STATE UNIV AT ALBANY
39 1,067,537
30
857,100
1
25,800
1
33,500
3 118,409
4
32,728
STATE UNIV AT BINGHAMTON
12
234,688
7
153,000
1
48,800
1
8,178
3
24,710
1
3,000
3,842
45
STATE JNIV AT RUFFALO
44 1,221,701
37 1,035,000
2
69,000
1
39,510
4
78,191
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
TOTAL
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLNG& POL YSTDY'S
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
NEW YORK
STATE UNIV AT STONY BROOK
73
3,892,450
58
2,919,502
1
52,300
2
355,700
2
50,892
10
517,859
2
5,000
7,683
STATE UNIV N Y SYST OFF
1
6,161
1
6,151
SUNY C ENV SCI & FORESTRY
15
479,787
11
455,300
2
11,208
2
13,279
SYRACUSE UNIV
37
1,583,195
27
1,195,525
1
30,174
9
357,395
?
6,000
7,683
SYRACUSE UNIV RES CORP'N
1
65,891
1
65,591
TEACHERS COL
a
264,036
5
167,250
1
11,056
2
85,730
TISSUE CULTURE ASSN INC
1
50,000
1
50,000
UNION COL
5
146,111
3
80,300
1
5,965
1
59,546
UNITED ENG TRUSTEES
2
31,800
1
19,000
1
12,800
UNIV OF ROCHESTER
48
2,540,949
39 2,180.700
2
212,200
1
55,885
6
92,164
2
6,000
7,683
U OF ROCHESTER-SCH MED
5
529,700
4
138,900
1
390,300
74
INSTITUTION TOTAL
53
3,070,649
43 2,319,600
3
603,000
1
55,885
6
92,164
2
6.000
7,683
UPST MEO CTR AT SYRACUSE
1
7,300
1
7,300
UTICA COLLEGE
1
6,609
1
6,609
VASSAR COL
1
19,500
1
19,500
WALDEMAR MED RES FON
1
13,420
1
13,420
WEBB INST OF NAVAL ARCH
1
6,914
1
6,914
YESHIVA UNIV
14
354,173
12
319,300
1
29,623
1
5,250
YESHIVA U-ALBERT EINSTEIN
12
417,100
12
417,100
INSTITUTION TOTAL
26
771,273
24
736,400
1
29,623
1
5,250
OTHER GRANTS L CONTRACTS
87
377,134
3
106,360
6
217,677
1
23
76
46,631
1
5,446
STATE TOTAL
50,990,381
38,015,666
3,631,906
4,170,158
1,692,948
3,479,703
285,000
364,968
1,058
693
37
43
150
135
95
46
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL YSTDY'S
SCIENCE
TOTAL
PROJECT
NEEDS INT
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
NORTH CAROLINA
APPALACHIAN STATE UNIV
2
12,450
1
5,450
1
7,00)
BARBER-SCOTIA COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
BENNETT COL
1
26,757
1
26,757
CAMPAELL COL
1
21,499
1
21,499
DUKE UNIV
51
2,601,755
40 1,687,300
3
460,000
1
122,500
1
47,409
6
284,545
11
33,000
42,250
DUKE UNIV-MARINE LAB
4
122,300
2
38,600
2
83,700
DUKF UNIV-SCH OF MEDICINE
5
197,400
5
197,400
INSTITUTION TOTAL
60 2,921,455
47
1,923,300
5
543,700
1
122,500
1
47,409
6 284,546
11
33,000
42,250
EAST CAROLINA UNIV
3
132,700
1
5,475
2 127,225
EDGECOMRE TECHNICAL INST
1
1,100
1
1,100
ELIZABETH CITY STATE UNIV
2
178,490
1
1,090
1
177,400
GUILFORD COL
1
2,800
1
2,800
75
GUILFORD TECHNICAL INST
1
1,100
1
1,100
LENOIR-RHYNE COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
LIVINGS TONE COL
1
215,000
1
215,000
LOUISBJRG COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
MARS HILL COL
2
14,556
1
5,536
1
9,020
N C AGRIC 1 TECH ST UNIV
4
80,033
1
11,100
1
8,254
2
61,679
N C STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
18
1,507,897
7
340,700
2
736,700
3
243,500
2
73,189
4
111,808
1
3,000
3,842
NATIONAL LAB HIGHER EDUC
1
9,405
1
9,405
NO CAROLINA CENTRAL UNIV
2
47,806
1
5,977
1
41,829
NORTH CAROLINA FDN M H R
1
38,300
1
38,300
RESEARCH TRIANGLE INST
2
153,400
2
153,400
SHAW UVIV
1
6,696
1
6,696
ST ANDREWS PRESBY COL
1
5,609
1
5,609
ST AUGUSTINES COL
1
172,400
1
172,400
47
UNIV OF N C AT ASHEVILLE
3
41,938
2
27,560
1
14,370
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL & SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL Y STDY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTAS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
PROG
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
NORTH CAROLINA
UNIV OF N C AT CHAP HILL
54 2,318,729
43 1,805,500
4 166,200
2 137,110
5 209,913
8
24,000
30,735
U OF N C AT CHAP HILL-MED
4
80,200
4
10,200
U OF N C CHAP HILL-FISH
1
25,000
1
25,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
59 2,423,929
48 1,910.700
4 166,200
2 137,110
5 209,919
,
24,000
30,735
UNIV OF N C AT CHARLOTTE
1
12,100
1
12,100
UNIV OF N C AT GREENSBORO
1
5,816
1
6,816
WAKE FOREST UNIV
4
35,378
1
10,369
3
25,000
WAKE FOREST-GRAY SCH MED
1
24,000
1
24,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
5
59,378
1
24,000
1
10,369
3
25,009
WESTERN CAROLINA UNIV
1
12,470
1
12,470
WINSTON-SALEM STATE UNIV
4
472,790
1
1,090
3 471,700
76
OTHER GRANTS L CONTRACTS
10
6,767
0
6,767
STATE TOTAL
8,588,903
4,248,100
1,282,400
685,603
360,467
2,012,336
60,000
75,837
193
105
7
10
32
39
20
NORTH DAKOTA
MINOT ST COL
?
17,640
1
3,270
1
14,370
NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV
7
95,501
1
20,065
5
75,436
UNIV OF NORTH DAKOTA
7
170,379
1
40,000
1
9,922
5 120,457
U OF N D-SCH OF MED
1
32,000
1
32,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
B
202,379
2
72,000
1
9,922
5 121,457
STATE TOTAL
315,520
72,000
33,257
210,263
17
2
3
12
48
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL STDY'S
TOTAL
NATL SPC RES PGM
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
OHIO
ANTIOCH COL
2
81,262
1
7,884
1
73,378
BALOWIN-WALLACE COL
1
24,278
1
24,278
BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST
6
239,430
3
147,300
1
48,000
1
7,500
1
36,530
BLUFFTON COL
1
17,900
1
17,900
BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV
8
183,608
4
115,400
1
6,870
3
61,338
1
3,000
3,842
CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV
65 3,170,947
52
2,463,700
2
41,600
2 293,300
2 218,682
7 153,665
3
9,000
11,525
CASE W R UNIV-SCH OF MED
3
116,500
3
116,500
INSTITUTION TOTAL
68 3,287,447
55 2,580,200
2
41,600
2 293,300
2 218,682
7
153,665
3
9,000
11,525
CENTRAL STATE UNIV
4
418,129
1
22,900
1
5,536
2
389,693
CHAS F KETTERING RES FON
C KETTERING RES FON-LAB
1
40.000
1
40,000
77
CLEVELAND CLINIC FON
1
35,000
1
35,000
CLEVELAND MUS OF NAT HIST
1
39,800
1
39,800
CLEVELAND STATE UNIV
2
25,524
1
5,524
1
20,000
COL MT ST JOSEPH-ON-OHIO
1
5,475
1
5,475
COL OF WOOSTER
3
16,640
1
5,450
2
11,190
DAYTON, CITY OF
1
90,000
1
90,000
DENISON UNIV
1
5,524
1
5,524
FED FOR UNIFIED SCI EDU
2
86,872
2
85,872
FELS RESEARCH INSTITUTE
1
46,200
1
46,200
HEIDELBERG COL
3
20,906
1
5,536
2
15,370
HIRAM COL
4
45,217
1
11.100
1
6,124
2
27,993
JOHN CARROLL UNIV
2
12,482
1
5,891
1
6,591
KENT STATE UNIV
11
325,249
5
220,800
1
19,979
5
84,470
KENYON COL
1
4,905
1
4,905
MARIETTA COL
2
37,890
1
2,725
1
35,165
49
MIAMI UNIV
3
62,359
1
38,000
1
8,941
1
23,414
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL a SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
0410
MT UNION COL
1
5,700
1
5,700
MUSKINGUM COL
2
29,497
1
5,573
1
23,924
NOTRE JAME COL
2
18,113
1
1,635
1
16,478
OBERLIN COL
8
115,231
2
21,700
1
6,641
5
86,890
OHIO DOMINICAN COL
1
11,559
1
11,559
OHIO NORTHERN UNIV
1
1,090
1
1,090
OHIO STATE UNIV
102
4,011,042
77
2,714,400
5.
53,400
3
254,300
5
565,539
12
423,403
5
15,000
19,209
OHIO ST UNIV-COL OF MED
1
40,500
1
40,500
INSTITUTION TOTAL
103
4,051,542
78
2,754,900
5
53,400
3
254,300
5
565,539
12
423,403
5
15,000
13,209
OHIO UNIV
13
288,147
6
217,700
1
9,748
4
63,693
OHIO WESLEYAN UNIV
1
2,725
1
2,725
SINCLAIR COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
78
UNIV OF AKRON
10
393,461
7
350,300
1
34,700
1
7,971
1
490
UNIV OF CINCINNATI
19
613,478
12
375,000
1
18,100
1
18,586
5
201,792
UNIV OF DAYTON
4
100,504
1
37,063
3
63,441
UNIV OF TOLEDO
9
157,546
3
109,100
1
6,247
5
42,199
WILBERFORCE UNIV
1
251,000
1
251,000
WITTENBERG UNIV
1
5,584
1
5,584
WRIGHT STATE UNIV
5
156,773
2
80,100
1
61,600
1
7,873
1
7.200
XAVIER UNIV
2
10,357
1
2,180
1
8,177
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
20
58,901
2
49,200
18
9,701
STATE TOTAL
11,424,395
7,215,400
361,900
582,300
1,011,892
2,252,903
27,000
34,575
334
187
13
6
54
74
9
50
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
NATL SPC PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL YSTDY'S
TOTAL
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTAS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No
ount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
OKLAHOMA
CENTRAL STATE UNIVERSITY
?
5,190
1
1.090
1
4.100
EAST CENTRAL STATE COL
1
6,100
1
6,100
LANGSTON UNIV
1
5,524
1
5,524
MIDCON ENVIR CTR ASSN INC
1
25,000
1
25,000
MURRAY STATE COLLEGE
2
3,390
1
1,090
1
2,300
NORTHW-STERN STATE COL
1
6,240
1
6,240
OKLA MEDICAL RES FON
1
25,000
1
25,000
OKLAHOMA CITY UNIV
1
5,793
1
5,793
OKLAHOMA COL LIBERAL ARTS
1
1,090
1
1,090
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV
32
1,211,851
18
580,100
3
162,50)
1
63,207
1:
405,944
SEMINOLE JR COL
1
24,252
1
24,252
SOUTHEASTERN STATE COL
2
53,885
1
5,977
1
47,909
79
SOUTHWESTERN STATE COL
3
67,845
1
2,725
?
65,12]
UNIV OF OKLAHOMA
30
922,241
17
485,650
1
29,700
1
75,500
1
27,612
10
303,673
4
12,000
15,367
UNIV OKLA-MEDICAL CENTER
1
12,561
1
12,561
INSTITUTION TOTAL
31
934,802
17
485,650
1
29,700
1
75,600
1
27,612
11
316,240
4
12,000
15,357
UNIV OF TULSA
3
46,777
1
25,000
1
6,761
1
15,015
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
2
2,346
1
471
1
1,875
STATE TOTAL
2,425,085
1,090,750
54,700
263,200
127,440
888,995
12,000
15,367
65
36
2
5
12
30
4
OREGON
EDU CODROINATING COUNCIL
1
498,144
1
498,144
GOOD SAMARITAN HOSPIMED C
1
45,000
1
45,000
LANE COMM COL
1
1,500
1
1,500
LEWIS AND CLARK COL
1
2,725
1
2,725
LINFIELD COL
2
11,743
1
5.953
1
5,790
51
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
OREGON
MT HOOD COMM COL
1
2,800
1
2,801
N W PEG EDUCATIONAL LAB
2
60,000
?
80,000
DREG GRAD CTR STUDY E RES
2
53,277
1
52,487
1
793
DREG ST HIGHER ED SYS OFF
1
9,846
1
9,846
OREGON COL OF EDUCATION
2
135,807
?
135,807
OREGON GRADUATE CENTER
2
327
1
59,500
1
5,327
OREGON STATE UNIV
65
3,811,704
41
1,430,200
4 2,030,700
2
63,547
,
287.257
OREGON TECH INST
1
2,500
1
2,500
PORTLAND COMM COL
1
8,300
1
4,300
PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
F
73,660
1
17,000
1
6,357
4
51,303
REED COL
9
150,087
3
101,300
1
7,197
5
41,597
80
U OREGON MEDICAL SCHOOL
1
61,400
1
61,400
UNIV OF OREGON EUGENE
50
2,763,853
39
1,610,400
1
793,650
2
194,900
4
82,152
4
92,851
1
3,000
3,842
UNIV OF PORTLAND
2
52,126
2
52,125
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
7
34,791
2
30,570
5
4,221
STATE TOTAL
7,865,590
3,407,857
2,824,350
194,900
188,725
1,249,758
3,000
3,842
158
90
15
2
17
34
1
PENNSYLVANIA
ACAD OF NAT SCI OF PHILA
8
231,900
7
224,900
1
7,000
ALBERT EINSTEIN MED CTR
,
88,500
2
74,700
1
13,800
ALBRIGHT COL
1
7,481
1
7,481
ALLEGHENY COL
?
22,330
2
22,330
AMER INST INDIAN STUDIES
1
100,000
1
100.000
AMER SDC OF ICHTHYLIHERP
6,813
1
6,813
BEAVER COL
4
148,397
1
5,524
3
142,873
BIOLOGICAL ASSTRACTS
1
275.000
1
275,100
52
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G & POL YSTDY'S
SCIENCE
BRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
Amount
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
PENNSYLVANIA
BLOOMSBURG STATE COL
1
4,770
1
4,770
BRYN MA WR COL
5
27,750
2
8,700
1
5,830
2
13,220
BUCKNELL UNIV
4
55,088
1
6,149
3
48,939
CARLOW COLLEGE
2
38,531
2
38,531
CARNEGIE INST
3
37,541
3
37,541
CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV
55 3,775,812
45 2,127,100
1 1,075,000
5 427,300
1
44,962
3
101,453
CAREGIE MEL UNIV-INST TEC
1
36,400
1
36,400
1
3,000
1,842
INSTITUTION TOTAL
56
3,812,212
45 2,127,100
1 1,075,000
6
463,700
1
44,962
3
101,450
1
3,000
3,842
CLARION STATE COL
2
47,821
2
47,821
COL MISERICORDIA
1
1,090
1
1,090
DICKINSON COL
1
5,867
1
5,867
81
DREXEL UNIVERSITY
20
969,349
10
298,400
1
115,100
3
267,900
1
15,677
5
272,272
1
3,000
3,842
DUQUESNE UNIV
3
10,195
2
4,500
1
5,695
1
3,000
3,842
EAST STROUDSBRG STATE COL
1
7,197
1
7,197
EDINBORO STATE COL
2
67,188
1
1,090
1
66,094
FRANKLIN AND MARSHALL COL
4
40,553
1
8,000
1
7,023
2
25,530
FRANKLIN INST
FRANKL IN INST-BARTOL FOUN
5
278,508
3
154,700
1
115,000
1
8.800
GELLMAN & ASSOCIATES
1
56,400
1
56,400
GENEVA COL
1
3,815
1
3,815
HAHNEMANN MED COL & HOSP
2
26,744
1
8,244
1
18,500
HAVERFORD COL
3
41,372
1
30,000
1
7,132
1
4,240
INDIANA UNIV OF PA
1
131,420
1 131,420
INST FOR CANCER RESEARCH
5
171,000
5
171,000
INST FOR SCIENTIFIC INFO
2
110,951
17,500
2
93,451
JUNIATA COL
2
12,215
1
5,475
1
6,740
53
KINGS COL
1
12,200
1
12,200
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
PROG
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
PENNSYLVANIA
LAFAYETTE COL
1
5,450
1
5,450
LEHIGH UNIV
39
1,676,501
29 1,295,250
3
203,700
2
102,680
5
74,871
1
3,000
1,842
LINCOLN UNTV
?
249,417
1
7,317
1 242,100
LYCOMING COL
1
6,600
1
5,600
MANSFIELD STATE COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
MARYWOOD COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PA
3
33,572
2
27,300
1
6,272
MERCYHURST COL
1
9,060
1
9,163
MUMLENBERG COL
1
3,815
1
3,815
NAT FED SCI ARSLIND SERV
1
78,300
1
78,300
PA SCIENCELENGINEERING FN
2
68,800
2
68,800
82
PENNSYLVANIA COL OPTOMET
1
51,100
1
51,100
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV
76 3,013,329
62 2,166,700
2
87,600
3 375,900
4 196,993
5 186,136
3
9,000
11,525
PHILA COL OF PHARM & SCI
1
1,056
1
1,055
PHILADELPHIA OFFICE MAYOR
1
46,000
1
46,000
POINT PARK COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
SETON HILL COL
1
47,224
1
47,224
SHIPPENSBURG STATE COL
1
2,725
1
2,725
SLIPPERY ROCK STATE COL
2
41,683
1
3,815
1
37,865
SOC FOR IND & APPL MATH
2
77,900
1
8,700
1
69,200
ST JOSEPHS COL
1
5,744
1
5,744
SUSQUEHANNA UNIV
1
226,500
1 226,500
SWARTHMORE COL
8
196,877
5
169,100
1
6,247
2
21,530
TEMPLE UNIV
12
217,637
8
141,000
2
37,535
2
39,102
THIEL COL
1
5,634
1
5,634
THOS JEFFERSON UNIV HOSP
2
54,675
1
40,000
1
14,675
54
THOS JEFFERSON U HOSP-MED
3
93,300
3
93,300
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
FELLOWSHIPS
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
SCHENTIFIC
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL' STDY'S
SCIENCE
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
Amount
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
No
Amount
No.
Amount
No
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
PENNSYLVANIA
INSTITUTION TOTAL
5
147,975
4
133,300
1
14,675
UNTV CITY SCIENCE CENTER
3
256,100
2
107,700
1
148,400
65 4,815,600
5
633,500
4 120,285
?
72,800
10
30,000
38.418
UNIV OF PEUNSYLVANIA
76 5,642,185
U OF PA SCH OF VET MFD
2
55,500
2
55,500
UNIV OF PA-SCH OF MED
7
268,300
7
288,300
UNIV OF PA-WHARTON SCH
6
327,100
4
220,700
1
89,400
1
17,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
91 6,313,085
78 5,380,100
1
89,400
5 633,500
4 120,285
3
89,803
1)
30,000
38,418
UNIV OF PITTSBURGH
54 2,576,011
44 1,811,300
2
190,389
A 574,322
4
12,000
15,367
UNIV OF PITT-SCH OF MED
4
157,000
4
157,000
58 2,733,011
48 1,968,300
2 190,389
8 574,322
4
12,000
15,357
INSTITUTION TOTAL
UNIV OF SCRANTON
1
3,815
1
3,815
83
WEST CHESTER STATE COL
1
39,943
1
39,943
WESTINGHOUSE FLECT CORP
1
49,069
1
49,369
WESTMINSTER COL
2
8,990
1
1,790
1
7,903
WILSON COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
WISTAR INST
1
14,200
1
14,200
OTHER GRANTS 1 CONTRACTS
44
21,144
2
78
3
1,418
36
18,912
3
736
STATE TOTAL
22,506,806
14,726,604
1,538,578
2,327,587
1,343,555
2,570,482
63,000
90,678
519
324
9
29
88
69
21
RHODE ISLAND
AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC
5
100,400
4
100,100
1
300
BROWN UNIV
71
3,736,245
53 2,780,350
3
513,500
2 107,100
5
66,117
8 269,178
5
15,000
13,209
GORDON RES CONFERENCES
6
32,200
6
32,200
PROVIDENCE COL
3
14,129
1
5,487
2
8,642
PHODE ISLAND DEPT OF HLTH
1
33,000
1
33,000
ROGER WILLIAMS COLLEGE
1
3,400
1
3,400
55
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
TOTAL
RESEARCH
TO NAT'L
PLNG& POL YSTOY'S
SCIENCE
BRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
NATL SPC RES PGM
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
RHODE ISLAND
UNIV OF RHODE ISLAND
16
573,322
10
275,400
3
245,700
1
27,754
2
24,468
3
9,000
11,525
U OF R I-GRAD SCH OF OCEN
15
919,100
7
248,900
8
670,200
INSTITUTION TOTAL
31 1,492,422
17
524,300
11
915,900
1
27,754
2
24,468
3
9,000
11,525
OTHER GRANTS 1 CONTRACTS
10
9,119
9
5,689
1
3,430
STATE TOTAL
5,420,915
3,436,950
1,429,400
140,100
105,047
309,418
24,000
30,734
128
80
14
3
16
15
8
SOUTH CAROLINA
BENEDICT COL
2
10,390
2
10,397
BRKLY-CH-DRCHSTR TE ED CO
1
7,300
1
7,300
CLAFLIN COL
1
154,000
1 154,000
CLEMSON UNIV
9
218,270
5
147,800
1
27,727
3
42,743
84
CONVERSE COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
FRIENDSHIP JR COL
1
900
1
900
FURMAN UNIV
5
60,919
1
9,100
1
30,500
1
5,499
2
15,720
MED UNI OF S CAROLINA
1
10,947
1
10,947
1
3,000
3,842
MORRIS COL
1
31,492
1
31,492
SOUTH CAROLINA STATE COL
3
304,658
1
5,560
2 299,098
UNIV OF SOUTH CAROLINA
15
423,141
6
239,300
1
11,000
1
11,535
7 161,306
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
3
1,282
3
1,282
STATE TOTAL
1,224,389
396,200
11,000
30,600
63,640
722,949
3,000
3,842
43
12
1
1
9
20
1
SOUTH DAKOTA
AUGUSTANA COL
4
93,006
1
34,200
1
6,198
2
52,608
DAKOTA STATE COLLEGE
1
5,548
1
5,548
MT MARTY COL
1
5,451
1
5,450
56
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE - CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL 4 SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL YSTDY'S
SCHENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COCP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
Alc.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
33-362 74 6 O
SOUTH DAKOTA
NORTHERN STATE COL
2
20,590
1
1,090
1
19,500
SIOUX FALLS COL
1
5,462
1
5,462
SOUTH DAK SCH MINES TECH
4
158,815
3
142,800
1
16,015
SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV
3
35,837
1
22,687
2
13,150
UNIV OF SOUTH DAKOTA
5
188,600
1
52,100
1
6,431
3 130,069
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
3
1,865
3
1,865
STATE TOTAL
515,173
142,000
34,200
52.100
70,746
215,327
24
3
1
1
11
B
TENNESSEE
AMER SOC OF PLANT TAXON
1
8,600
1
8,600
AUSTIN PEAY STATE UNIV
3
172,892
1
1,635
2 171,257
85
CARSON-NEWMAN COL
2
22,447
1
5,548
1
16,899
CHRISTIAN BROTHERS COL
5
99,362
1
13,100
1
5,769
3
80,493
EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIV
1
7,556
1
7,556
ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGEN SOC
1
3,000
1
1,000
2,000
FISK UNIV
?
59,164
1
6,002
1
53,162
GEORGE PEARODY COL TCHRS
4
264,128
1
76,000
1
5,475
2 180,653
LANE COL
1
13,600
1
13,600
LE MOYNE-OWEN COL
1
5,487
1
5,487
MEHARRY MEDICAL COL
1
18,892
1
10,692
MEMPHIS STATE UNIV
5
70,020
1
9,911
4
60,109
MIDDLE TENN STATE UNIV
1
78,748
1
78,748
OAK RIDGE ASSOCIATED UNIV
2
72,060
2
72,063
OAK RIDGE NAT LAB
6 3,528,700
2 2,110,000
4 1,417,900
SOUTHWESTERN AT MEMPHIS
2
15,345
1
9,000
1
6,345
TENNESSEE STATE UNIV
3 263,318
1
5,928
2 257,390
57
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
TO MAT'L
PLN'G POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
NATL SPC RES PGM
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
PROG
Mo.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
TENNESSEE
TENNESSEE TECHNOLOGY UNIV
7
106,886
1
16,800
1
6,382
5
83,704
\
U OF TENN MED UNITS MEMPH
2
52,500
2
52,500
1
3,000
3,842
UNIV OF TFNN AT CHATTNGA
1
25,740
1
25,740
UNIV OF TFNN SYSTEM OFF
1
7,208
1
7,208
UNIV OF TENNESSEE
32 1,314,008
20
605,500
1
69,600
6 460,500
1
42,180
4 135,928
3
9,000
11,525
-
UNIV OF TENN SPACE INST
1
12,000
1
12,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
33 1,326,008
21
617,500
1
69,600
6
460,800
1
42,180
4 135,928
,
9,000
11,525
UNIV OF THE SOUTH
3
54,838
1
1,790
2
53,748
VANDERPILT UNIV
31
983,629
21
793,500
1
25,415
9 164,714
1
3,300
3,842
VANDER9ILT U-SCH OF MED
6
291,300
5
143,200
1 148,100
INSTITUTION TOTAL
37
1,274,929
26
936,700
1
148,100
1
25,415
9 164,714
1
3,000
3,842
86
OTHER GRANTS 1 CONTRACTS
11
6,611
1
6
0
6,605
STATE TOTAL
7,550,039
3,779,600
69,600
2,106,406
151,872
1,442,161
15,000
19,209
136
57
1
13
25
40
5
TEXAS
ANGELO STATE UNIVERSITY
1
24,000
1
24,000
AUSTIN COL
1
552,500
1 552,500
BAYLOR COL OF MEDICINE
4
117,002
3
97,500
1
19,502
BAYLOR UNIV
7
84,910
3
60,200
1
10,347
3
14,363
BEE COUNTY COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
BISHOP COL
3
255,152
1
5,977
2 249,175
CLINGMAN AND COMPANY
1
6,400
1
6,400
EAST TEXAS STATE UNIV
1
58,594
1
58,594
HOUSTON RAPTIST COL
1
5,990
1
5,990
INCARNATE WORD COL
1
11,147
1
11.147
LAMAR UNIVERSITY
2
86,700
1
10,000
1
68,700
58
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
RES APPL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
TOTAL
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATE RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
TEXAS
4 0 ANDERSON HOSPITAL
1
45,000
1
45,000
MCLENNAN COMM COL
1
1,098
1
1,090
NORTH TEXAS STATE UNIV
3
33,631
1
6,914
2
25,717
OUR LADY OF THE LAKE COL
1
5,450
1
5,450
PAN AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
1
1,090
1
1,090
PRAIRIE VIEW A a M COL
4
54,449
2
37,200
1
6,772
1
10,477
RICE UNIV
45
1,798,030
37 1,609,350
1
73,500
1
36,970
6
75,210
3
9.000
11,525
SAM HOJSTON STATE UNIV
3
58,480
1
5,450
2
53,030
SOUTHERN METHODIST UNIV
15
442,457
9
186,900
2
213,800
1
14,729
3
27,024
SOUTHWEST CTR-URBAN RES
1
263,700
1
263,700
SOUTHWEST TEXAS ST UNIV
1
5,634
1
5,634
87
ST EDWARDS UNIV
1
1,090
1
1,090
ST MARYS UNIV SAN ANTONIO
1
1,090
1
1,090
STEPHEN F AUSTIN ST UNIV
1
5,757
1
5,757
SUL ROSS STATE UNIV
1
21,300
1
21,300
TARLETON STATE COL
1
3,815
1
3,815
TARRANT COUNTY JR COL
1
4,360
1
4,360
TEXAS & , M UNIV
50
2,541,317
31 1,393,215
12
892,700
1
55,650
5 199,752
TEXAS & & M UNIV SYS OFF
3
9,000
11,525
TEXAS ARTS 1 INDUST UNIV
3
23,794
1
5,524
2
18,270
TEXAS CHRISTIAN UNIV
3
14,370
1
7,535
2
6,835
TEXAS SOUTHERN UNIV
4
150,257
1
5,450
3 144,807
TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY
16
359,425
11
295,900
1
19,500
1
15,666
3
28,359
1
3,000
3,842
TEXAS WOMANS UNIV
2
51,493
1
6,039
1
45,454
TRINITY UNIV
3
43,575
1
3,415
2
39,760
U TEX MED BRNCH GALVESTON
2
58,500
1
4,900
1
53,600
+
UNIV OF HOUSTON
16
746,411
9
262,100
2
410,200
1
21,428
4
52,683
1
3,000
3,842
59
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL' YSTDY'S
SCIENCE
TOTAL
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRN. COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Me.
Amount
No.
Amount
Alc.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
TEXAS
UNIV OF ST THOMAS
1
6,039
1
6,039
UNIV OF TEXAS ARLINGTON
2
5,824
1
5,406
1
18
UNIV OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
91 4,075,348
73 2,628,000
3 448,300
5
155,625
10
843,423
11
33,000
42,260
UNIV TEX AUS-MAR SCI INST
2
307,800
2
307,800
UNIV TEX AUS-MCDONALD OBS
1
43,000
1
43,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
94 4,426,148
74 2,671,000
2
307,800
3 448,300
5 155,625
10
843,423
11
33,000
42,260
UNIV OF TEXAS AT DALLAS
17
534,993
15
489,400
1
15,000
1
30,593
1
3,000
3,842
UNIV OF TEXAS AT EL PASO
4
69,637
1
18,400
1
8,451
2
42,786
UNIV OF TEXAS SYSTEM OFF
1
16,984
1
16,984
UNIV. OF TEXAS HEALTH CTR
UNIV OF TEXAS MEDICAL SCH
1
36,000
1
36,000
88
UNIV. OF TEX MEDICAL SCH
1
1,000
1
1,000
UNIV. OF TEX S.W. MED SCN
3
136,900
3
136,900
UNIV. TEX GRAD,BIOMED SC
1
24,000
1
24,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
6
197,900
6
197,980
WEST TEXAS STATE UNIV
1
7,600
1
7,600
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
35
94,294
3
42,288
32
52,006
STATE TOTAL
13,298,469
7,432,265
1,330,888
1,484,600
539,728
2,510,988
60,000
76,836
365
206
20
11
69
59
20
UT AH
BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
7
161,974
5
150,400
2
11,574
SNOW COLLEGE
1
2,725
1
2,725
UNIV OF UTAH
55 1,802,578
45 1,300,120
1
34,300
1 247,000
1
47,080
7 174,070
2
6,000
7,683
U OF JTAH-COL OF MED
1
28,000
1
20,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
" 1,822,570
46 1,320,120
1
34,300
1 247,000
1
47,080
7 174,070
2
6,000
7,683
UT AH STATE UNIV
20 2,036,617
7 1,623,100
2
16,700
3 184,100
3
59,650
5 143,067
1
3.000
3,642
60
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
TO NAJ'L
PLN'G& POL YSTDY'S
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
/
UT AH
WEBER STATE COL
3
40,659
1
20,500
1
5,609
1
14,550
WESTMINSTER COL
1
37,629
1
37,629
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
5
4,601
1
1,500
4
3,101
STATE TOTAL
4,106,775
3,115,620
51,000
431,100
128,165
380,890
9,000
11,525
93
60
3
4
10
15
3
VERMONT
RENNINS TO COL
1
18,957
1
18,957
MIDOLE3URY COL
3
14,395
1
5,695
2
5,700
NORWICH UNIV
1
1,090
1
1,090
TRINITY COL
1
8,374
1
8,374
UNIV OF VERMONT
6
78,085
3
52,300
1
18,138
2
7,647
89
UNIV OF VT-COL OF MED
1
15,000
1
15,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
7
93,085
4
67,300
1
18,138
2
7,647
WINDHAM COL
1
1,635
1
1,635
STATE TOTAL
137,536
67,300
34,932
35,304
14
4
5
5
VIRGINIA
AMER SOC OF PHOTOGRAMM
1
65,000
1
65,000
BRIDGEWATER COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
COL OF WILLIAM AND MARY
7
160,186
1
72,600
1
61,400
1
8,331
4
17,855
ECO SYSTEMS, INC
1
52,926
1
52,926
EXOTECH SYSTEMS INC
5
330,179
1
39,968
4 290,211
FORECASTING INTRNATL. LTD
4
91,600
2
55,600
2
36,000
GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY
1
6,000
1
6,003
HAMPDEV-SYONEY COL
3
9,450
1
3,270
2
6,180
61
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATE SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
VIRGINIA
HAMPTON INST
1
5,879
1
5,879
HOLLINS COL
2
12,325
1
5,595
1
6,630
INST FOR OFFENSE ANALYSES
2
101,000
2
101,800
MADISON COL
3
26,196
1
1,090
2
25,105
MITRE CORPORATION
THE MITRE CORPORATION
5 2,362,334
20,000
2 182,534
3 2,159,800
NORTHERN VIRGINIA COMM CO
1
5,450
1
5,450
OLD DOMINION UNIV
3
54,793
1
13,290
2
41,503
RADFORD COL
1
34,603
1
34,603
RANDOLPH-MACON COL
1
5,450
1
5,450
RANDOLPH-MACON WOMANS COL
2
37,385
1
5,658
1
31,727
90
ROANOKE COL
1
5,548
1
5,548
SPACE RADIATION EFFECTS L
1
261,100
1
261,100
SWEET BRIAR COL
2
9,090
1
1,090
1
8,000
UNIV OF VIRGINIA
45 1,716,302
36 1,190,900
3
283,900
1
61,400
1
30,948
4 149,154
2
6,000
7,653
U OF VA-SCH OF MED
6
239,500
6
239,500
INSTITUTION TOTAL
51
1,955,802
42 1,430,400
3
283,900
1
61,400
1
30,948
4 149,154
2
6,000
7,683
VA COMMONWEALTH UNIV
1
11,394
1
11,394
VA COMONWLTH U-MEALTH SCI
1
43,300
1
43,300
INSTITUTION TOTAL
2
54,694
1
43,300
1
11,394
VA INST OF MARINE SCIENCE
3
105,100
3
105,100
VIRGINIA MILITARY INST
2
14,667
1
5,584
1
9,083
VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST
40 1,311,306
26
812,300
3
119,700
3 210,500
1
32,773
7 136,033
2
6,000
7,631
VIRGINIA STATE COL
4
274,603
1
10,000
1
5,634
2 258,969
WASHINGTON & LEE UNIV
1
45,200
1
45,200
META/CHANNEL 26
1
34,000
1
34,000
62
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
55
66,329
3
18,195
13
7,499
6
14,139
31
26,054
2
442
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL & SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL Y STDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
VIRGINIA
STATE TOTAL
7,500,085
2,818,195
621,425
565,973
279,196
3,215,296
12,000
15,366
207
79
24
15
50
39
4
WASHINGTON
BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST
BATELLE MEM INST BATT NW
4
331,500
1
38,200
1
39,600
2 253,700
CENTRAL WASH STATE COL
3
66,090
2
65,000
1
1.090
EASTERN WASH STATE COL
2
34,250
1
1,090
1
33,160
EVERGREEN STATE COLLEGE
1
50,000
1
50,000
FON GLACIER & ENVRNL RES
1
9,075
1
9,075
PACIFIC LUTHERAN UNIV
2
14,434
1
5,634
1
8,800
SEATTLE COMM COL
1
7,099
1
7,099
I6
SEATTLE UNIV
2
65,928
2
65,928
SPOKANE WORLD EXPOSITION
1
50,000
1
50,000
TACOMA, CITY OF
1
2,000
1
2,000
UNIV OF PUGET SOUND
2
42,456
1
6,517
1
35,939
UNIV OF WASHINGTON
145 11,583,498
117 6,467,650
11 3,768,800
8 923,300
3 101,753
6 321,995
16
48,000
61,459
U OF WASH-PRESS
1
30,000
1
30,000
INSTITUTION TOTAL
146 11,613,498
118 6,497,650
11 3,768,800
8 923,300
3 101,753
6 321,995
16
48,000
61,459
WALLA WALLA COL
2
14,908
1
5,818
1
9,090
WASHINGTON STATE UNIV
35 1,154,590
25
838,360
1
32,376
9 283,914
WESTERN WASH STATE COL
7
175,809
1
7,121
6 168,588
WHITMAN COL
1
12,698
1
12,698
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
13
54,844
1
4,265
1
42,578
11
8,009
STATE TOTAL
13,699,179
7,443,415
3,850,970
1,179,000
i 176,507
1,049,287
48,000
61,469
224
147
13
11
22
31
16
63
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL & SPC RES PGM
TO NATE
PLN'G POL' STDY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE DR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTANL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
PROG
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
WEST VIRGINIA
ARCADIA INST SCI RES TNC
1
5,000
1
5,000
BETHANY COL
2
58,358
2
58,354
FAIRMONT STATE COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
NAT RADIO ASTRON OBSERV
3 9,785,000
3 9,785,000
WEST VIRGINIA INST TECH
1
11,710
1
.11,710
WEST VIRGINIA STATE COL
1
19,900
1
19,900
WEST VERGINIA UNIV
13
377,070
4
87,800
1 124,500
1
29,972
7 134,798
WEST VA UNIV-SCH OF MED
1
31,300
1
31.300
INSTITUTION TOTAL
14
408,378
5
119,100
1
124,500
1
29,972
7
134,798
WFST VIRGINIA WESLEYN COL
1
5,462
1
5,462
,
WHEELING COL
1
1.090
1
1,090
92
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
661
1
661
STATE TOTAL
10,296,641
144,000
9,785,000
124,500
49,985
193,156
26
7
3
1
6
9
WISCONSIN
RELOIT COL
3
18.784
1
5,904
2
12,880
CARROLL COL
2
8,160
1
4,360
1
3,800
INST OF PAPER CHEMISTRY
1
1,635
1
1,635
INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY
3
162,609
1
16,309
1
52,000
1
94,300
LAWRENCE UNIV
3
97,848
1
5,548
2
92,300
MARQUETTE UNIV
10
198,384
4
113,500
1
9,203
5
75,681
MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISC
5
160,135
4
152.000
1
8,135
RIPON DOL
2
20,560
1
5,450
1
15,110
ST NORBERT COL
1
1,090
1
1,090
UNIV OF WIS CENTERS
U W CTR-HARINETTE COUNTY
1
2,700
1
2,701
64
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
NATL SPC RES POM
TO NATE
PLNG# POL (STOY'S
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT
INTANL COOP
EDUCATION
NATE RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
ISCONSIN
UNIV 25 MIS-EAU CLAIRE
1
7.753
1
7,753
UNIV OF WIS-GREEN DAY
,
23,987
1
6.598
1
17,389
UNIV OF WIS-LA CROSSE
3
64,448
1
5,511
2
75,937
UNIV OF WIS-MADISON
167 7,314,977
134 5,748,430
11
395,500
7 664,520
4
114,323
11
392,224
55
165,000
211,299
UNIV OF MIS-MILWAUKEE
23
781,422
15
478,830
1
212,700
1
13,192
5
76,733
1
1,000
3,842
UNIV OF WIS-OSHKOSH
,
77,487
1
5,487
4
72,000
UNIV OF WIS-PARKSIDE
1
5,560
1
5,560
UNIV OF WTS-RIVER FALLS
1
34,346
1
34,346
UNIV OF WIS-STEVENS POINT
4
46.136
1
5,571
3
40,465
UNIV OF WIS-STOUT
1
7,143
1
7,143
UNIV OF MIS-SUPERIOR
4
169,395
4 169,395
93
UNIV OF WIS-WHITEWATER
4
45,405
1
6,200
1
1.090
2
35,115
UNIV OF WISCONSIN CTR
1
5,524
1
5,524
UNIV OF WISCONSIN MADISON
U OF WISC-MADISON-MED SCH
2
47,700
2
47,700
UNIV OF WISCONSIN SYS OFF
1
53,644
1
53,644
VITERBO COL
1.
4,700
1
4,700
OTHER GRANTS 1 CONTRACTS
17
11,904
7
11,904
STATE TOTAL
9,393,436
6,562,939
660,200
758,800
231,001
1,180,416
168,000
215.141
269
162
13
A
19
47
56
WYOMING
UNIV OF WYOMING
25 1,003,558
14
470,400
?
57,700
2 131,300
1
25.444
6 318,705
1
3,000
3,842
OTHER GRANTS 1 CONTRACTS
2
848
2
848
STATE TOTAL
1,004,390
475,400
57,700
131.300
26,292
314,706
3.000
3,842
27
14
2
2
3
6
1
UNITED STATES TOTAL
523,526,366
278,186,037
101,363,289
54,941,835
23,736,129
55,299,075
4,407,000
5,642,746
65
0,396
6,129
533
533
1,478
1,673
1,469
PROGRAM BRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWOHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'O POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
AEC-ALTUQUERQUE OPS OFF
1
20,608
1
20,600
AEC-CHICAGO OPER OFFICE
1
390,000
1 390,000
AEC-OAC RIDGE OP OFFICE
7 2,330,900
1
1,500
6 2,329,400
AEC-SAV FRAN OPER OFFICE
9 1,447,100
1
5,000
8 1,442,100
ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
2
251,708
1
162,000
1
89,700
AGENCY TOTAL
4,449,300
168,500
4,271,800
20
3
17
COUNCIL ON ENVRNMTL OL
TV
COUNCIL ON ENVRNMTL QLITY
1
74,950
1
74,950
94
AGENCY TOTAL
74,950
74,958
1
1
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AGR RESEARCH SERVICE
1
5,988
1
5,980
DEPARTMENT OF AGR
1
65,000
1
65,000
AGENCY TOTAL
70,980
65,000
5,980
2
1
1
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
RUREAU OF THE CENSUS
4
384,800
1
10,300
3 374,500
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
1
80,000
1
80,000
MARITIVE ADMINISTRATION
1
15,000
1
15,000
NAT BUREAU OF STANDARDS
6 1,051,550
2
274,000
4
777,550
66
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
BRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
NATL a SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G & POL Y STDY'S
SCIENCE
TOTAL
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
NATIONAL TECH INFO SERV
2
141,500
2
141,500
NATL OCEANIC ATMOS ADMIN
7
875.500
1
3,000
5
828,500
1
44,000
NOAA-ATLANTIC OIML-MGEGL
1
202,000
1
202,000
NOAA-ENVIRON RESEARCH LAB
4
175,833
2
102,300
1
34,500
1
39,033
DEPARTMENT TOTAL
12
1,253,333
3
105,300
7 1,065,000
2
83,033
NOAA AT ROULDER
1
141,750
1
141,750
NOAA
1
53,000
1
53,000
AGENCY TOTAL
3,120,933
521,050
1,133,000
950,883
516,000
28
6
9
8
5
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
DEPARTMENT OF ARMY
95
ARMY-CRREL
4
428,700
4
428,700
ARMY-WATERWAYS EXP STA
1
125,000
1 125,000
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
3
175,097
3
175,097
DEPARTMENT TOTAL
A
728,797
7
603,797
1 125,000
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
5 17,992,000
5 17,992,000
DEPARTMENT OF NAVY
2 19,795,300
1 19,740,000
1
55,300
D NAVY-NAV FAC & ENG COMM
1
65,000
1
65,000
DEPT MAVY-AIR SYSTEMS COM
2
13,100
2
13,100
DEPT OF NAVY-ORD SYS COMM
1
20,000
1
20,000
MIL SEA TRANS SERV
4 1,455,000
4 1,455,000
NAVAL RESEARCH LAB
1
41,258
1
41,250
NAVY SUBSISTENCE OFFICE
1
40,000
1
40,000
NAVY-WAV ORD MIS TEST FAC
1
2,500
1
2,500
NAVY-VAVAL OCEANOGRAP OFF
1
27,200
1
27,280
NAVY-PUBLICATIONEPRINTING
1
2,000
1
2,000
67
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES POM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL STOY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SC/
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Mo.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
OFFICE OF NAVAL RES
7 2,752,000
3
137,000
4 2,615,000
DEPARTMENT TOTAL
22 24,213,350
3
137,000
18 24,021,050
1
55,300
DEPT OF AIR FORCE
DEPT-AIR FORCE-RAMEY AF8
1
29,800
1
29,000
AGENCY TOTAL
42,963,147
137,000
42,645,847
125,000
55,300
36
3
31
1
1
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
BUR RECLAM-ENGERES CTR
1
4.000
1
4,000
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR
2
245,000
2 245,000
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
3
219,530
2
214,250
1
5,280
96
AGENCY TOTAL
468,530
214,250
249,000
5,280
5
2
3
1
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
3 114,400
1 103,400
2
11,000
AGENCY TOTAL
114,400
103,400
11,000
3
1
2
ENVIRON PROTECTION AGENCY
ENVIRON PROTECTION AGENCY
3 129,803
3 129,603
AGENCY TOTAL
129,803
129,803
3
3
68
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
.
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
PROG
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
GENERAL SERVICES ADMIN.
GENERAL SERVICES ADMIN
1
74
1
74
AGENCY TOTAL
74
74
1
1
HOUSINGEURRAN DEVELOPMENT
HOUSINGLURBAN DEVELOPMENT
1
20,000
1
20,000
AGENCY TOTAL
20,000
20,000
1
1
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
2
117,450
1
111,870
1
5,580
AGENCY TOTAL
117,450
111,870
5,580
L6
2
1
1
NATL AERO & SPACE ADMI
NASA
4
156,800
1
15,000
2 140,200
1
1,500
NASA-AMES RESEARCH CTR
1
257,000
1 257,000
NASA-LEWIS RESEARCH CTR
1
11,700
1
11,700
DEPARTMENT TOTAL
R
425,500
1
15,000
4 408,300
1
1,600
NAT AERO $ SPACE ADMIN
MARSHALL SPACE FL CTR MIS
1
83,572
1
83,572
AGENCY TOTAL
509.072
98,572
408,900
1,600
7
2
4
1
69
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRAUTER - CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
NATL a SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G & POL YSTDY'S
TOTAL
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTANL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
NATE INSTITUTES OF HEAL
TH
HEALTH-INST MENTAL HEALTH
2
11,000
2
11,000
AGENCY TOTAL
11,000
11,000
2
2
SWITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
7
567,911
2
216,496
2
212,300
1
105,655
,
33,463
AGENCY TOTAL
567,911
216,496
212,300
105,655
33,460
7
2
2
1
2
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TOTAL
52,688,550
1,943,046
44,545,716
6,268,333
712,115
38,740
119
14
51
37
14
3
86
70
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
BRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G & POL TSTDY'S
SCIENCE
TOTAL
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
U.S. POSSESSIONS
PUERTO RICO
INTER AMER UNIV OF P R
1
43,657
1
43,657
NATIONAL ASTRON, IONOSPHER
3 3,144,000
3 3,144,000
UNIV OF P P MAYAGUEZ
5
127,042
2
93,000
1
12,342
2
21,700
UNIV OF . R RIO PIEDRAS
2
43,235
1
20,500
1
22,735
UNIV OF P P SAN JUAN
1
71,300
1
71,300
UNIV OF P R SYS OFF
1
17,032
1
17.032
POSSESSION TOTAL
3,446,266
184,800
3,144,000
52,109
65,357
13
4
3
3
3
VIRGIN ISLANOS
COL OF VIRGIN ISLANDS
2
25,565
1
15,700
1
8,865
66
POSSESSION TOTAL
25,565
16,700
8,865
2
1
1
U.S. POSSESSIONS TOTAL
3,471,831
201,500
3,144,000
60,974
65,357
15
5
3
4
3
71
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR #
TOTAL
REBEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL 'Y STDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
FOREIGN COUNTRIES
BE RMUDA
BERMUDA BIOL STA FOR RES
3
56,100
1
15,100
2
41,000
COUNTRY TOTAL
56,100
15,100
41,000
3
1
?
CANADA
DEPT ENRGY MINESCRESOURCE
?
71,500
2
71,500
JNIV OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
4
2,000
15,367
UNIV OF WESTERN ONTARIO
1
500
3,842
UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH
1
23,000
1
23,000
UNIVERSITY OF OTTANA
1
7,300
1
7,300
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
577
1
577
100
COUNTRY TOTAL
102,377
7,300
94,500
I
577
2,500
17,219
5
1
3
1
5
COSTA RICA
ORGAN FOR TROPICL STUDIES
4
368,061
4
368,051
COUNTRY TOTAL
368,061
368,061
4
4
DENMARK
TECH UNIV OF DENMARK
1
29,700
1
29,700
COUNTRY TOTAL
29,700
29,700
1
1
72
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
74 O 33-362 7
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
ENGLAND
CAMBRIDGE UNIV
4
2,000
15,367
OXFORD UNIV
4
2,000
15,357
UNIV OF LONDON
,
1,000
7,683
UNIV 0= MANCHESTER
1
500
3,842
UNIV OF SUSSEX
1
500
3,842
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
532
1
532
COUNTRY TOTAL
532
532
6,000
45,101
1
1
12
FRANCE
UNESCO
1
50,000
1
50,000
OTHER GRANTS , CONTRACTS
1
88,550
1
88,550
IOI
COUNTRY TOTAL
138,550
50,000
88,550
2
1
1
INDIA
CENTRAL DRUG RES INST
1
1,558
1
1,558
OTHER GRANTS 1 CONTRACTS
7
11,938
7
11,938
COUNTRY TOTAL
13,496
13,496
8
R
MEXICO
UNIV NAC AUTONO DE MEXICO
1
12,000
1
12,000
COUNTRY TOTAL
12,000
12,000
1
1
73
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
TOTAL
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
N IRELAND
OTHER GRANTS , CONTRACTS
1
270
1
270
COUNTRY TOTAL
270
270
1
1
NEW ZEALAND
CANTERRURY MUSEUM
1
50,000
1
50,000
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
1,490
1
1,490
COUNTRY TOTAL
51,490
1,490
50,000
2
1
1
SCOTLAND
UNIV OF ENINBURGH
1
30,000
1
30,000
UNIV OF GLASGOW
1
530
3,847
102
COUNTRY TOTAL
30,000
30,000
500
3,842
1
1
1
SWEDEN
UNIV OF UPPSALA
1
500
3,842
COUNTRY TOTAL
500
3,842
1
SWITZERLAND
UNIV OF BERN
1
33,200
1
33,200
COUNTRY TOTAL
33,200
33,200
1
1
74
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
TO NAT'L
PLNG& POL' YSTDY'S
NATL SPC RES PGM
SCIENCE
TOTAL
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
930
1
930
COUNTRY TOTAL
930
93C
1
1
FOREIGN COUNTRIES TOTAL
536,706
432,461
248,400
125,545
50,000
9,500
72,994
31
,
a
14
1
19
GRAND TOTAL
580,443,453
279,863,044
149,301,405
71,210,764
24,615,763
55,453,173
4,416,500
5,715,740
10,561
5,156
595
670
,510
1,630
1,488
103
75
Grants and Contracts Awarded
from
Appropriation 493/40102, Scientific Activities,
104
Special Foreign Currency Program
76
PROGRAM SRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO MATE
PLANG POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
MATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
CALIFORNIA
STANFORD RESEARCH INST
1
33,468
1
33,468
UNIV OF CAL BERKELEY
2
160,000
2
160,000
UNIV OF CAL LCS ANGELES
6,600
6,680
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
3
2,324
3
2,324
STATE TOTAL
202,392
200,868
2,324
6
3
3
COLORADO
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
1,723
1
1,723
STATE TOTAL
1,723
1,723
1
1
DELAWARE
105
UNIV OF DELAWARE
1
15,309
1
15,389
STATE TOTAL
15,309
15,309
1
1
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
AMER INST OF BIOL SCI
1
15,000
1
15,000
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
50,590
/
1
58,590
STATE TOTAL
65,598
15,880
50,590
2
1
1
77
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT
INTANL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
GEORGIA
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
1,343
1
1,343
STATE TOTAL
1,343
1,343
1
1
HAWAII
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
2
1,503
2
1,503
STATE TOTAL
1,503
1,503
2
2
ILLINOIS
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
4
5,530
4
5,530
STATE TOTAL
5,530
5,530
4
106
INDIANA
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
2
1,775
2
1,775
STATE TOTAL
1,775
1,775
2
2
MARYLAND
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
880
1
880
STATE TOTAL
680
660
1
1
78
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
NATL a SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'O& POL YSTDY'S
TOTAL
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Me.
Amount
Ma
Amount
No.
Amount
Ma.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
MASSACHUSETTS
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
3
3,821
3
3,821
STATE TOTAL
3,021
3,821
3
3
MINNESOTA
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
647
1
647
STATE TOTAL
647
647
1
1
MISSOURI
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
1,327
1
1,327
STATE TOTAL
1,327
1,327
1
1
107
MONTANA
UNIV OF MONTANA
1
7,181
1
7,181
STATE TOTAL
7,181
7,181
1
1
NEW YORK
FRANKLIN BOOK PROG INC
1
150,000
1 150,000
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
4
4,785
1
2,700
3
2,085
STATE TOTAL
154,785
2,789
152,085
5
1
4
79
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL'Y STDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
NORTH CAROLINA
OTHER GRANTS 1 CONTRACTS
1
477
1
477
STATE TOTAL
477
477
1
1
OHIO
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
1,707
1
1,707
STATE TOTAL
1,707
1,707
1
1
OKLAHOMA
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV
132,140
132,148
STATE TOTAL
132,140
132,140
108
OREGON
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
1,994
1
1,994
STATE TOTAL
1,994
1,994
1
1
PENNSYLVANIA
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
2
2,829
2
2,629
STATE TOTAL
2,829
2,029
2
2
80
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
FELLOWSHIPS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
TO NAT'L
PLN'G& POL YSTDY'S
NATL SPC RES PGM
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
RHGDE ISLAND
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
2
910
2
910
STATE TOTAL
910
910
2
2
SOUTH CAROLINA
UNIV OF SOUTH CAROLINA
1
34,570
1
34,570
STATE TOTAL
34,570
34,570
1
1
SOUTH DAKOTA
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
887
1
887
STATE TOTAL
887
887
1
1
60I
TEXAS
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
3
4,655
3
4,655
STATE TOTAL
4,655
4,655
3
3
WASHINGTON
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
1,118
1
1,118
STATE TOTAL
1,118
1,116
1
1
81
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL STDY'S
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTANL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Mo.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
.
WISCONSIN
OTHER GRANTS 1 CONTRACTS
1
887
1
087
STATE TOTAL
687
887
1
1
UNITED STATES TOTAL
645,980
406,968
239,012
45
8
37
110
82
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE on CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLNGA POL' YSTDY'S
SCIENCE
TOTAL
PROJECT
NEEDS INT
INTRNL COOP
EDUCA TION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
BURMA
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
161
1
161
COUNTRY TOTAL
161
161
1
1
GUINEA
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
900
1
900
COUNTRY TOTAL
900
900
1
1
INDIA
AMERIND PUBLISHING CO,LTD
1
150,000
1 150,000
ANDHRE UNIVERSITY
1
64,106
1
64,186
111
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
1
42,242
1
42,242
BOSE INSTITUTE
1
40,000
1
40,000
INDIAN INST TECH, MADRAS
1
11,218
1
11,218
INDIAN INST TECH, N DELMI
2
67,827
2
67,827
MAHARASHTRA ASSN CULT SCI
1
33,856
1
33,056
PANJAB UNIVERSITY
1
14,156
1
14,156
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
1
23,578
1
23,570
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
3,963
1
3,963
COUNTRY TOTAL
449,338
295,375
153,963
11
9
2
83
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
TOTAL
RESEARCH
NATL & SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G POL') STOY'S
SCIENCE
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
NATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
MOROCCO
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
11
1
11
COUNTRY TOTAL
11
11
1
1
PAKISTAN
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
11,900
1
11,900
COUNTRY TOTAL
11,900
11,900
1
1
POLAND
CENTRAL INST FOR SCI TECH
1
300,000
1
300,000
POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCE
1 1,391,259
1 1,391,259
RES CTR FOR MONOCRYSTALS
1
68,492
1
68,492
112
TECHNICAL UNIV OF WARSAW
1
76,444
1
76,444
UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW
2
418,617
2
418,617
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
32,070
1
32,070
COUNTRY TOTAL
2,286,882
1,954,812
332,070
7
5
2
TUNISIA
AGENCE TUNISIENNE PUB REL
1
100,000
1 100,000
CTR ECOM & SOCIAL RES
1
5,369
1
5,369
NATIONAL SCH OF ENGRG
1
132,000
1
132,000
UNIVERSITY OF TUNIS
1
5,000
1
5,000
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
3,350
1
3,350
COUNTRY TOTAL
245,719
137,369
108,350
5
2
3
84
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
TO NAT'L
PLN'S POL YSTDY'S
TOTAL
NATL SPC RES PGM
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
EDUCATION
NATL RSCH CTRS
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
PROG
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC
AMERICAN UNIV OF CARIO
3
35,694
3
35,694
UNIV OF ALEXANDRIA
2
117,800
2 117,800
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
5
34,694
1
1,895
4
32,799
COUNTRY TOTAL
188,188
155,389
32,799
10
6
YUGOSLAVIA
JOZEF STEF AN NUCLEAR INST
1
11,500
1
11,500
MOLIT PUBLISHING HOUSE
1
50,000
1
50,000
UNIV OF LJUBLJANA
1
240,000
1
240,000
UNIV OF SARAJEVO
1
94,000
1
94,000
UNIVERSITY OF SKOPJE
1
115,008
1
115,000
113
OTHER GRANTS & CONTRACTS
1
2,365
1
2,365
COUNTRY TOTAL
512,865
468,500
52,365
6
4
2
FOREIGN COUNTRIES TOTAL
3,695,964
3,803,445
692,519
43
26
17
GRAND TOTAL
4,341,944
3,410,413
931,531
88
34
54
85
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCIENTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
RESEARCH
NATL SPC RES PGM
TO NAT'L
PLN'G & POL YSTOY'S
TOTAL
SCIENCE
PROJECT
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
NATL RSCH CTRS
EDUCATION
SUPPORT
OVMTL SCI
SCIEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROG
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
CALIFORNIA
6
202
3
200
3
2
COLORADO
1
2
1
2
DELAWARE
1
15
1
15
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
2
66
1
15
1
51
GEORGIA
1
1
1
1
MAWAII
2
2
2
2
ILLINOIS
4
6
4
6
INDIANA
2
2
2
2
MARYLAND
1
1
1
1
MASSACHUSETTS
3
4
3
4
MINNESOTA
1
1
1
1
MISSOURI
1
1
1
1
MONTANA
1
7
7
114
1
NEW YORK
5
155
1
3
4
152
NORTH CAROLINA
1
1
OHIO
1
2
1
2
OKLAHOMA
132
132
OREGON
1
2
1
2
PENNSYLVANIA
2
3
2
3
RHODE ISLAND
2
1
2
1
SOUTH CAROLINA
1
35
1
35
SOUTH DAKOTA
1
1
1
1
TEXAS
3
5
3
$
WASHINGTON
1
1
1
1
WISCONSIN
1
1
1
1
UNITED STATES TOTAL
45
646
a
407
37
239
86
PROGRAM GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
SCRINTIFIC
RES APPL
SCIENCE INFO ACT
FELLOWSHIPS
RESEARCH
MATL a SPC RES POM
TO NAT'L
PLN'O . POL'Y STDY'S
SCIENCE
TOTAL
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR
PROJECT
MATL RSCH CTRS
NEEDS INT.
INTRNL COOP
OPERATION
SUPPORT
GVMTL SCV
SCHEN ACT
SUPPORT
PROB
INSTL IMPVT
Amount
Mo.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Mix
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
INSTITUTION
INDIVIDUAL
FOREIGN COUNTRIES TOTAL
43
3,696
26 3,893
17
693
GRAND TOTAL
as
4,342
24 3,418
54
932
115
87
93D CONGRESS
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
REPORT
2d Session
No. 93-1302
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AUTHORIZATION
ACT, 1975
AUGUST 19, 1974.-Ordered to be printed
Mr. TEAGUE, from the committee of conference,
submitted the following
CONFERENCE REPORT
[To accompany H.R. 13999]
The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two
Houses on the amendment of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 13999) to
authorize appropriations for activities of the National Science Founda-
tion, and for other purposes, having met, after full and free conference,
have agreed to recommend and do recommend to their respective
Houses as follows:
That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate and agree to the same with an amendment as follows:
In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by the Senate amend-
ment insert the following:
That there is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the National Science
Foundation for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, for the following
categories:
(1) Scientific Research Project Support, $358,700,000.
(2) National and Special Research Programs, $91,900,000.
(3) National Research Centers, $52,500,000.
(4) Science Information Activities, $6,300,000.
(5) International Cooperative Scientific Activities, $8,000,000.
(6) Research Applied to National Needs, $148,900,000.
(7) Intergovernmental Science Program, $2,000,000.
(8) Institutional Improvement for Science, $12,000,000.
(9) Graduate Student Support, $15,000,000.
(10) Science Education Improvement, $70,000,000.
(11) Planning and Policy Studies, $2,700,000.
(12) Program Development and Management, $39,500,000.
38-006
FORD is LIBRARY GERALD
2
3
SEC. 2. Notwithstanding any other provision of this or any other Act-
on Science and Astronautics of the House of Representatives and to
(a) of the total amount authorized under section 1, not less than
the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare of the Senate a written
$10,000,000 shall be available for the purpose of "Institutional
report containing a full and complete statement concerning the
Improvement for Science";
nature of the transfer and the reason therefor, or
(b) of the total amount authorized under section 1, not less than
(B) each such committee before the expiration of such period has
$15,000,000 shall be available for the purpose of "Graduate Student
transmitted to the Director written notice to the effect that such com-
Support";
mittee has no objection to the proposed action.
(c) of the total amount authorized under section 1, not less than
SEC. 7. Notwithstanding any other provision of this or any other Act,
$70,000,000 shall be available for the purpose of "Science Education
the Director of the National Science Foundation shall keep the Committee
Improvement';
on Science and Astronautics of the House of Representatives and the
(d) of the total amount authorized in category (2) of section 1-
Committee on Labor and Public Welfare of the Senate fully and cur-
(1) not less than $1,600,000 shall be available for "Experi-
rently informed with respect to all of the activities of the National Science
mental R. & D. Incentives", and
Foundation.
(2) not less than $4,000,000 shall be available for "Ship
SEC. 8. This Act may be cited as the "National Science Foundation
Construction/Conversion";
Authorization Act, 1975".
(e) of the total amount authorized in category (6) of section 1-
And the Senate agree to the same.
(1) not less than $1,000,000 shall be available for "Fire
OLIN E. TEAGUE,
Research", and
JOHN W. DAVIS,
(2) not less thon $8,000,000 shall be available for "Earthquake
JAMES W. SYMINGTON,
Research and Engineering"; and
MIKE McCormack,
(f) of the total amount authorized in category (10) of section 1-
CHARLES A. MOSHER,
(1) not less than $1,500,000 shall be available for "Science
ALPHONZO BELL,
Faculty Fellowships for College Teachers",
MARVIN L. ESCH,
(2) not less than $3,800,000 shall be available for "Student
Managers on the Part of the House.
Programs" including "Undergraduate Student Projects" and
EDWARD KENNEDY,
"Student Originated Studies", and
CLAIBORNE PELL,
(3) not less than $2,000,000 shall be available for "High
THOMAS F. EAGLETON,
School Student Projects".
ALAN CRANSTON,
SEC. 3. Appropriations made pursuant to this Act may be used, but
WALTER F. MONDALE,
not to exceed $5,000, for official consultation, representation, or other
PETER H. DOMINICK,
extraordinary expenses upon the approval or authority of the Director of
ROBERT T. STAFFORD,
the National Science Foundation, and his determination shall be final
Managers on the Part of the Senate.
and conclusive upon the accounting officers of the Government.
SEC. 4. In addition to such sums as are authorized by section 1, not
to exceed $5,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1975, for expenses of the National Science Foundation
incurred outside the United States to be paid for in foreign currencies which
the Treasury Department determines to be excess to the normal require-
ments of the United States.
SEC. 5. Appropriations made pursuant to sections 1 and 4 shall remain
available for obligation, for expenditure, or for obligation and expenditure,
for such period or periods as may be specified in Acts making such
appropriations.
SEC. 6. No funds may be transferred from any particular category
listed in section 1 to any other category or categories listed in such section
if the total of the funds SO transferred from that particular category would
exceed 10 per centum thereof, and no funds may be transferred to any
particular category listed in section 1 from any other category or categories
listed in such section if the total of the funds so transferred to that particular
category would exceed 10 per centum thereof, unless—
(A) a period of thirty legislative days has passed after the Director
or his designee has transmitted to the Speaker of the House of Repre-
sentatives and to the President of the Senate and to the Committee
H.R. 1302
H.R. 1302
5
6. For Research Applied to National Needs, the Foundation re-
quested $148,900,000. The House authorized $139,100,000 and the
Senate authorized $160,700,000. A compromise was reached at the
original figure requested, $148,900,000.
7. For Intergovernmental Science Programs, the Foundation re-
JOINT EXPLANATORY STATEMENT OF THE COMMITTEE
quested $1,000,000, which the House approved. The Senate author-
OF CONFERENCE
ized $3,000,000. A compromise was reached at $2,000,000.
8. For Institutional Improvement for Science, the Foundation re-
The managers on the part of the House and the Senate at the con-
quested $3,000,000. The House increased this figure to $10,000,000,
ference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendment
largely to revitalize the Institutional Grants Program. The Senate- au-
of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 13999) to authorize appropriations for
thorized $12,000,000, to which the House agreed in conference.
activities of the National Science Foundation, and for other purposes,
9. For Graduate Student Support, the Foundation requested
submit the following joint statement to the House and the Senate in
$12,700,000. The House authorized $13,200,000 and the Senate
explanation of the effect of the action agreed upon by the managers
authorized $17,000,000. The committee of conference agreed on
and recommended in the accompanying conference report:
$15,000,000 as adequate for this program.
The amendment of the Senate struck out all after the enacting
10. For Science Education Improvement, the Foundation requested
clause in the House bill and substituted new language. The com-
$61,400,000. The House authorized $68,900,000 in order to compen-
mittee of conference agreed to accept the Senate amendment with
sate for funds diverted from this program to technical training. The
certain amendments and stipulations proposed by the conferees.
Senate authorized $71,000,000. The conferees agreed on a compromise
The National Science Foundation requested authorization in the
of $70,000,000.
amount of $783,200,000 for fiscal year 1975, plus $5,000,000 in ex-
11. For Planning and Policy Studies, the Foundation requested
cess foreign currencies. The House authorized the amount requested.
$2,700,000 which both the House and Senate accepted.
The respective Senate figures were $829,800,000 and $5,000,000 in
12. For Program Development and Management, the Foundation
excess foreign currencies.
requested $39,500,000 which was accepted by both the House and
The committee of conference recommends $807,500,000, plus
Senate.
$5,000,000 in excess foreign currencies. This figure is $24,300,000
SECTION 2
more than authorized by the House and $22,300,000 less than au-
thorized by the Senate for fiscal year 1975.
The bill as passed by the House put budgetary floors under the
The specific actions taken by the conference are as follows:
following:
(1) National and Special Research Program-$2,200,000 to assure
SECTION 1-FUNDS
continuance of the Experimental R&D Incentives Program.
(2) The Research Applied to National Needs Program-$2,000,000
1. For Scientific Research Project Support, the budget request
for Fire Research to assure continuance of this effort.
of the National Science Foundation was $363,700,000. The House
(3) The Institutional Improvement for Science Program-
authorized $354,000,000 and the Senate authorized $363,700,000.
$10,000,000.
The two Houses agreed on $358,700,000.
(4) The Graduate Student Support Program-$13,200,000.
2. For National and Special Research Programs, the Foundation
(5) The Science Education Improvement Program-$68,900,000,
requested $84,800,000. The House authorized $86,000,000 and the
which included three sub-floor limitations. The latter were $1,500,000
Senate authorized $94,700,000. A compromise of $91,900,000 was
for Science Faculty Fellowships, $3,800,000 for College Student
approved by the conferees, which includes an additional $5,900,000
Science Education, and $2,000,000 for High School Students Projects.
for oceanography-related programs, with emphasis on ship con-
The Senate put floors under the following:
struction/conversion.
(1) National and Special Research Programs-$8,000,000 for Ship
3. For National Research Centers, the House, the Senate, and the
Construction and Conversion.
conferees approved the Foundation request for $52,500,000.
(2) Research Applied to National Needs-$8,000,000 to assure
4. For Science Information Activities, the Foundation requested
continuance of the Earthquake Research Program.
$5,000,000. The House authorized $8,300,000 which was the 1974
(3) Institutional Improvement for Science-$12,000,000.
level of support and the Senate authorized $5,000,000. The conference
(4) Graduate Student Support-$17,000,000.
committee agreed on $6,300,000 as a reasonable sum to maintain this
(5) Science Education Improvement-$71,000,000.
vital function.
The latter three floors incorporated by the Senate, in effect, fixed
5. For International Cooperative Scientific Activities, the House,
the floor at the total amount of the Senate authorization and were
the Senate, and the conferees approved the Foundation request for
designed to assure that these programs should not be cut in any way.
$8,000,000.
The committee of conference agreed to lower most of these floors
in order to permit the Foundation additional funding flexibility in
(4)
H.R. 1302
H.R. 1302
6
7
view of the fact that appropriations were expected to be lower than
(2) Fetal Research.-the House bill contained a provision, adopted
the authorization figures. The conferees agreed to the following floors:
by amendment on the Floor of the House, to the effect that no funds
(1) National and Special Research Programs-$1,600,000 for the
appropriated pursuant to this act should be used to conduct research
Experimental R&D Incentives Program; $4,000,000 for Ship Con-
on a human fetus. The Senate bill eliminated this provision on the
struction and Conversion.
grounds that it was unnecessary. It was pointed out that H.R. 7724,
(2) Research Applied to National Needs-$1,000,000 for Fire Re-
which was in conference at the time and which is now P.L. 93-348,
search; the $8,000,000 for Earthquake Research was retained.
contained a special title known as the "Protection of Human Subjects
(3) Institutional Improvement for Science-$10,000,000.
Act.' This law establishes a broad gauge expert commission whose
(4) Graduate Student Support-$15,000,000.
duties will include the study of all kinds of research on humans and
(5) Science Education Improvement-$70,000,000.
eventuate in recommendations to the Congress for necessary legisla-
The sub-floors placed by the House within the Science Education
tion. The House concurred with the Senate view on this matter, and
Improvement category remain intact: for Science Faculty Fellowships,
believes such action to be particularly appropriate since, in any
$1,500,000; for College Student Science Education, $3,800,000; for
event, the Foundation has never supported research of the kind
High School Student Projects, $2,000,000.
involved and does not do SO at present.
(3) Solar Energy Research.-the House. bill contained a provision
SECTION 3
which would have required special coordination between the National
Section 3 is identical to Section 3 of the House bill and Section 5
Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
of the Senate bill.
istration with regard to solar energy research. The purpose of the
SECTION 4
provision was to insure that the two agencies, which were equally
responsible for the findings of the President's Solar Energy Research
Section 4 is identical to Section 4 in both the House and Senate bills.
Advisory Panel of several years ago, should coordinate their efforts in
this area. While it was acknowledged that NSF should be the lead
SECTION 5
agency in this area, it was directed that those applied research areas in
which NASA had particular capabilities should be managed and
Section 5 is identical to Section 5 of the House bill and Section 6 of
carried out by NASA when appropriate. The Senate eliminated this
the Senate bill.
provision and substituted a clause providing simply that the Director
SECTION 6
of the National Science Foundation should be responsible for the
planning, coordinating and directing of solar energy research through-
Section 6 is identical to Section 6 of the House bill and Section 7
out the federal government. In conference it was agreed that both
of the Senate bill.
provisions should be eliminated from the bill, and the essence of both
SECTION 7
stipulated in the Statement of Managers as follows:
First, the National Science Foundation should be the lead agency
Section 7 is identical to Section 8 of both House and Senate bills.
responsible for such research, as it has been designated by the Admin-
istration.
SECTION 8
Second, prior to the inauguration of new phases of its program of
Section 8 is identical to Section 9 of both House and Senate bills.
Solar Energy Research and Technology, the Foundation is directed
to coordinate such programs, particularly with regard to such areas as
ADDITIONAL CONFERENCE ACTION
heating and cooling of buildings, wind energy, and satellite solar
energy with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and
The committee of conference made three non-funding changes in
other appropriate Federal agencies, and report the resulting plans,
the two versions as follows:
schedules, and other findings to the Committee on Science and
(1) The Student Unrest Provision.-the House bill carried a pro-
Astronautics of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
vision which the Foundation authorization bills had carried for several
Labor and Public Welfare of the Senate within 90 days from the
years to the effect that students or other persons receiving grants or
effective date of this Act. The coordinated program should be designed
payment of any kind from NSF should be completely severed from
to take maximum advantage of the special capabilities of the Founda-
any NSF program providing such funds, if it were found that they
tion, NASA, or other agencies involved. Such part or parts of the pro-
had been guilty of causing disruption or damage by the use of force
gram which can be feasibly carried out by NASA or other appropriate
to the institution attended. The Senate bill eliminated this clause
agencies should be SO assigned, including managerial responsibility,
on the grounds that it was no longer necessary. The House concurred
and should be funded by the Foundation pursuant to section 11 (c)
in the Senate view, but conferees wish to point out that similar
of Public Law 81-507.
restrictions are contained in the Appropriations Act pertaining to the
Third, the Foundation is further directed to coordinate its Solar
National Science Foundation: Hence, inclusion of the clause in the
Energy and Technology program with the academic community, and
Authorization Bill is redundant.
H.R. 1302
H.R. 1302
8
with private industry-giving particular attention to the capabilities
of small businesses and to innovative applied research proposals
emanating therefrom.
OLIN E. TEAGUE,
JOHN W. DAVIS,
JAMES W. SYMINGTON,
MIKE McCormack,
CHARLES A. MOSHER,
ALPHONZO BELL,
MARVIN L. Esch,
Managers on the Part of the House.
EDWARD M. KENNEDY,
CLAIBORNE PELL,
THOMAS F. EAGLETON,
ALAN CRANSTON,
WALTER F. MONDALE,
PETER H. DOMINICK,
ROBERT T. STAFFORD,
Managers on the Part of the Senate.
o
H.R. 1302
LIBRARY
H. R. 13999
FORD
Ainety-third Congress of the United States of America
AT THE SECOND SESSION
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday, the twenty-first day of January,
one thousand nine hundred and seventy-four
An Act
To authorize appropriations for activities of the National Science Foundation,
and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled, That there is
hereby authorized to be appropriated to the National Science Founda-
tion categories: for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, for the following
(1) Scientific Research Project Support, $358,700,000.
(2) National and Special Research Programs, $91,900,000.
(3) National Research Centers, $52,500,000.
(4) Science Information Activities, $6,300,000.
(5) International Cooperative Scientific Activities, $8,000,000.
(6) Research Applied to National Needs, $148,900,000.
(7) Intergovernmental Science Program, $2,000,000.
(8) Institutional Improvement for Science, $12,000,000.
(9) Graduate Student Support, $15,000,000.
(10) Science Education Improvement, $70,000,000.
(11) Planning and Policy Studies, $2,700,000.
(12) Program Development and Management, $39,500,000.
SEC. 2. Notwithstanding any other provision of this or any other
Act-
(a) of the total amount authorized under section 1, not less than
$10,000,000 shall be available for the purpose of "Institutional
Improvement for Science";
(b) of the total amount authorized under section 1, not less than
$15,000,000 shall be available for the purpose of "Graduate Stu-
dent Support";
(c) of the total amount authorized under section 1, not less than
$70,000,000 shall be available for the purpose of "Science Educa-
tion Improvement;
(d) of the total amount authorized in category (2) of section
1-
(1) not less than $1,600,000 shall be available for "Experi-
mental R. & D. Incentives", and
(2) not less than $4,000,000 shall be available for "Ship
Construction/Conversion";
(e) of the total amount authorized in category (6) of section 1-
(1) not less than $1,000,000 shall be available for "Fire
Research", and
(2) not less than $8,000,000 shall be available for "Earth-
quake Research and Engineering"; and
(f) of the total amount authorized in category (10) of section
1-
(1) not less than $1,500,000 shall be available for "Science
Faculty Fellowships for College Teachers",
(2) not less than $3,800,000 shall be available for "Student
Programs" including "Undergraduate Student Projects" and
"Student Originated Studies", and
(3) not less than $2,000,000 shall be available for "High
School Student Projects".
SEC. 3. Appropriations made pursuant to this Act may be used, but
not to exceed $5,000, for official consultation, representation, or other
H. R. 13999-2
extraordinary expenses upon the approval or authority of the Director
of the National Science Foundation, and his determination shall be
final and conclusive upon the accounting officers of the Government.
SEC. 4. In addition to such sums as are authorized by section 1, not
to exceed $5,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1975, for expenses of the National Science Foundation
incurred outside the United States to be paid for in foreign currencies
which the Treasury Department determines to be excess to the normal
requirements of the United States.
SEc. 5. Appropriations made pursuant to sections 1 and 4 shall
remain available for obligation, for expenditure, or for obligation and
expenditure, for such period or periods as may be specified in Acts
making such appropriations.
SEC. 6. No funds may be transferred from any particular category
listed in section 1 to any other category or categories listed in such
section if the total of the funds SO transferred from that particular
category would exceed 10 per centum thereof, and no funds may be
transferred to any particular category listed in section 1 from any
other category or categories listed in such section if the total of the
funds SO transferred to that particular category would exceed 10 per
centum thereof, unless—
(A) a period of thirty legislative days has passed after the
Director or his designee has transmitted to the Speaker of the
House of Representatives and to the President of the Senate and
to the Committee on Science and Astronautics of the House of
Representatives and to the Committee on Labor and Public Wel-
fare of the Senate a written report containing a full and complete
statement concerning the nature of the transfer and the reason
therefor, or
(B) each such committee before the expiration of such period
has transmitted to the Director written notice to the effect that
such committee has no objection to the proposed action.
SEC. 7. Notwithstanding any other provision of this or any other
Act, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall keep the
Committee on Science and Astronautics of the House of Representa-
tives and the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare of the Senate
fully and currently informed with respect to all of the activities of the
National Science Foundation.
SEC. 8. This Act may be cited as the "National Science Foundation
Authorization Act, 1975".
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Vice President of the United States and
President of the Senate.
August 23, 1974
Dear Mr. Director:
The following bill was received at the White
House on August 23rd:
H.R. 13999
Please let the President have reports and
recommendations as to the approval of this
bill as soon as possible.
Sincerely,
Robert D. Linder
Chief Executive Clerk
The Honorable Roy L. Ash
Director
Office of Management and Budget
Washington, D. C.