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Bradley H. Patterson Files (Ford Administration)
Bradley Patterson's Native American Programs Files
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The original documents are located in Box 4, folder "Newsclips (2)" of the Bradley H.
Patterson Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
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copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Digitized from Box 4 of the Bradley H. Patterson Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
NEWS CLIPS
OF
INFORMATION
VOL. 6 NO. 1
October 9, 1976
The Srattle Daily Times
D. 247.540 SUN. 306,612
SEP 12 1976
GERALD FORD LIBRARY
State W10201 sued in 2nd
phase of fishing dispute
By STEVE RAYMOND
government in the 1850s in which
address the question of whether In-
Assistant City Editor
Western Washington Indian tribes
dians have a right to harvest steel-
Attorneys for treaty Indian tribes
reserved for themselves the right to
head reared in state hatcheries and
and the United States government
fish in all their "usual and accus-
paid for mostly with funds from
have filed a request for a declarato-
tomed places."
non-Indian sport-fishing licenses.
ry judgment against the state in
"In their lawsult, the plaintiff
A state court has ruled that the
Phase II" of the Boldt Indian-fish-
tribes and the federal government
Indians have no such right to hatch-
ing rights case.
contended those fishing rights had
ery steelhead returning to the Puy-
The tribes and the government
been systematically denied by the
allup River. The State Supreme
will seek an order from United
State of Washington, particularly
Court has upheld that ruling.
States District Judge George H.
the Department of Fisheries (re-
But in their amended complaint
Boldt that could have far-reaching
sponsible for management of salm-
covering Phase II, the Indian tribes
implications for future development
on) and the Department of Game
will ask Judge Boldt to rule that
sunctioned by any state agency.
(responsible for management of
treaty tribes do have a right to
Originally it had been expected
stèelhead).
hatchery steelhead on the grounds
the case would be tried this sum-
After a trial of the case, Judge
that such fish were introduced to
mer. Now it appears there will be
Boldt on February 12, 1974, ruled in
replace native fish destroyed
no action until early next year.
favor of the Indians and ordered
through environmental abuse and
that treaty tribes should have the
non-Indian fishing.
CAN AMENDED complaint filed
That is only one of the issues in-
by the tribes and the government
volved in Phase II. Attorneys in-
limits the scope of the second
opportunity to catch 50 per cent of
volved with the case refer to Phase
phase. The plaintiff tribes originally
the harvestable salmon and steel-
II as the "environmental phase"
had intended to seek damages from
head runs returning to the tribes'
because it seeks to assign responsi-
the state for environmental degra-
traditional off-reservation fishing
bility for environmental degrada-
dation they contend has caused
grounds.
tion that has harmed the fish runs.
harm to runs of migratory fish. The
request for damages has been
THAT ORDER forced the state to
THE TRIBES' amended com-
dropped, but the plaintiffs still seek
cut the numbers of salmon and
plaint sums up their contention:
what could amount to a veto power
steelhead non-Indian commercial
"Prior to non-Indian encroach-
over any state-approved action that
and sports fishermen could take;
ment, preservation of fish stocks
might harm fish runs in the future.
setting off a controversy that still
had long been successfully accom-
Phase I of the Boldt case, formal-
continues. It also allowed Indians to
pilshed by the customs and prac-
ly known as "United States vs.
conduct a commercial gillnet fish{
tices of the plaintiff tribes.
Washington," settled the question of
ery for steelhead - something
"This state of abundance persist-
off-reservation Indian - fishing
which had been outlawed since 1931
ed. for a period of time after (the
rights. It was based on a series of
and remains illegal for non-Indians.
1850s treaties), but as non-Indian
treaties concluded with the federal
Judge Boldt's 1974 order did not
settlement increased and as indus-
trial, agricultural, municipal, resi-
dential and other non-Indian devel-
CoNtd
Constitution
Avenue
N.W.
Washington,
opment began to accelerate, fish
cites pressure from the non-Indian
changed or impaired the fisheries
stocks suffered increasing depletion
commercial and sports fisheries as
that existed at that time, and would
from over-use and from other activ-
threats to the resource.
give the tribes a say over virtually
itles having adverse impacts on
Because of all these factors, the
aquatic populations and habitats.
all major forms of future develop-
complaint says, the treaty-Indian
"The economic development of
fishing right established in Phase I
ment sanctioned by the state.
the state, the growth of the state's
of the Boldt decision "is in danger
That probably would set off a
non-Indian population and the agri-
of becoming meaningless and with-
controyersy that would make the
reaction to Phase I of the Boldt de-
cultural and industrial advances of
out substance."
cision seem mild by comparison.
recent times have resulted in a fish-
The plaintiffs seek an order from
But the impact would not be lim-
ery vastly different from the fish-
the court that Indian fishing rights
ited to the state. With a favorable
ery existing at the time of the trea-
"may not be impaired by actions
ruling against the state on their
ties
The size and nature of fish
undertaken or authorized (by the
side, the treaty tribes almost cer-
populations have been substantially
state) which significantly and ad-
tainly would turn against the feder-
altered by numerous activities im-
versely affect fish habitat and
al government and seek a court or-
pairing or destroying the aquatic
which directly or indirectly reduce
der covering all similar actions,
habitats necessary to maintain
the number or quality of fish avail-
past and future, sanctioned by the
them.
able to treaty indians."
"Whole watersheds' have been
If the tribes win on this point, it
United States. This could give the
rearranged or destroyed to make
would mean they could block state
treaty tribes a potential veto over
room for development; fresh and
authorization of any activity that
federal dams, interstate highways,
saltwater systems have been pollut-
could be shown to have a potential-
logging in national-forest wa-
ed and subjected to changes in flow,
ly damaging effect on fisheries.
tersheds and many other activities
level, velocity and temperature;
That could include such things as
in which the federal government
migration routes have been restrict-
building bridges or highways over
has a hand.
ed or blocked; spawning beds have
streams, logging along streams or
A decision against the federal
been damaged or destroyed; artifi-
in sensitive areas of watersheds,
government also would be highly
cially introduced fish populations
state approval of nuclear-power-
ironic because the government took
have displaced native populations;
plant sites and many other activi-
a leading role in the tribes' legal
predator and disease problems
ties.
fight to establish the fishing rights
have been aggravated, and general-
It also could mean a limitation on
they already have won. The govern-
ly the ecological basis necessary to
the number of non-Indian commer-
ment will play a similar role in
maintain the Indian fishery has
clal or sports fishermen the state
Phase II, working for a court ruling
been seriously tampered with."
can license.
that the Indian tribes ultimately
The tribes argue that "this de-
By extension, the ruling would ap-
may use against it.
struction or alteration of fish habi-
ply to local governments and con-
tats could have been controlled or
ceivably could affect issuance of
prevented in part (by the state) but
shorellne-management permits for
was not. Much of it actually oc-
real-estate developments on rivers
curred (through) explicit adminis-
or other similar activities.
trative authorization contained in
state-issued permits and approv-
IN ESSENCE, such a ruling
als."
would hold the state responsible for
everything it has allowed to happen
THE TRIBES'. complaint also
since the 1850s that may have
Indians and AIM
The Senate Internal Security Subcom-
represent, AIM has distorted Indian
mittee took a useful step Sunday when it
needs and hopes, alienated public opin-
spoke out to correct the public impres-
ion, and made it more difficult to find
Thirann Trihme
sion that the American Indian Move-
answers to complex human problems.
ment [AIM] speaks for the Indian peo-
THE WORLD'S GREATEST
ple as a whole. The committee labeled
One major problem is that the Indians
NEWSPAPER
AIM as a "minority movement," and a
have no spokesmen, no effective leaders
D. 767,793 SUN., 1.016,275
"frankly revolutionary organization
able to represent on a national level any
which is committed to violence," and
significant number of the 385 tribes liv-
reported testimony that AIM has tram-
ing in the United States. Ancient tribal
pled both Indian and non-Indian civil
hostilities continue. Traditions still dis-
SEP 21 1976
rights.
courage the development of leaders
Such a correction is long overdue. Ac-
within tribes and among Indian groups.
tually, AIM has never had the support
With AIM repudiated, however, the
of more than a small fraction of the
way may now be open for real leader-
900,000 Indians now living in the United
ship. to arise. The American people do
States and never had more than a few
care about the Indians, do want to help,
hundred active followers at any one
do want to end the national disgrace of
time, as William Mullen made clear in
SO many native Americans living
his recent Tribune series on Indian
wretched, unhappy lives. But we need
problems and prospects. But like the
more help from the Indians themselves.
blacks who preached and practiced vio-
We can only hope that the Indian expe-
lence in the late 1960s and early 1970s in
rience with AIM will spur them into
the name of a majority they did not
more effective directions.
Indian control
Indian control
From Page A-1
the college at Many Farms, Ariz., in
The school's general catalog lists
January 1969, and work on the new,
more than 200 courses, including pro-
1,200-acre campus at Tsaile in north-
grams in business administration,
of BIA schools
east Arizona started in 1971.
nursing, emergency medical training,
The first buildings erected at the
auto mechanics, mathematics, secre-
new campus are eight-sided, following
tarial skills, and studio art.
the tradition of Navajo hogans, includ-
ing the $4 million, six-story Ned A.
The Navajo Resource Center offers
By SANDY GRAHAM
best path to take seemed to be to in-
Hatathli Cultural Center.
courses in silversmithing, weaving,
and ELLEN KELLY
volve teachers, students and the
t
The center will open this fall, and its
basketry, pottery and moccasin mak-
Tribune Staff Writers
community in improving education.
formal dedication will be in the spring
ing, and studies of other Indian tribes,
Demmert said he has recommended
1
of 1977.
as well as the Navajos.
A Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
that the BIA add new programs in
Named for the first president of the
There also are courses concentrat-
official says his attempts to turn over
areas such as bilingual and cultural
t
Community College, the cultural cen-
ing on the Navajo language, mythology
BIA schools to local control may
education, early childhood develop-
I
ter has a lecture hall, classrooms,
and psychology, and Navajo and other
threaten federal bureaucrats, but are
ment and special education for the
audio-visual laboratories, a sanctuary
American Indian music.
necessary if Indian education is to
handicapped. He also has recommend-
and six chant rooms behind its win-
survive.
ed construction funds for both BIA
dows of reflective glass.
THE COLLEGE offers programs in
Dr. William Demmert, BIA director
and public schools serving Indians.
computer science, economics and
of educational programs in Washing-
"NCC IS A MIRROR of the Indian
courses for students who need to im-
ton, D.C., made the comments in a
A plan to give "substantial independ-
communities we serve," the president
prove their basic skills in language,
speech prepared for the opening today
ence" to Albuquerque's Southwest In-
dian Polytechnic Institute (SIPI),
Dr. Thomas Atcitty said in his report
reading and mathematics and earn
of the National Indian Education Asso-
Santa Fe's Institute of American Indi-
for the 1975-76 school year. "More
high school equivalency diplomas.
ciation (NIEA) meeting in Albuquer-
an Arts, and Haskell Junior College in
than 70 per cent of our staff is com-
que.
Law ence, Kan., also has been worked
prised of Navajos; our student body
All students must be 18 or older, or a
has averaged about 85 per cent Nava-
high school graduate or equivalent.
DEMMERT SAID that in the past
out, Demmert said.
jo."
The normal course load is 12 to 16
four years he has tried to turn over
SIPI SUPT. John Peterson said
hours each semester, and full-time tui-
schools in BIA control to the communi-
Demmert will meet Wednesday with
ties in which the schools are located.
Albuquerque Journal
tion is $600 per semester.
"This poses a major threat to
the regents of the three schools to dis-
cuss how the transition will be made.
Tuition and room and board costs
bureaucrats like me," Demmert said.
SEP
2
7
1976
for Indian students are paid by the
And while it will mean considerable
Peterson said the plan calls for the
federal government.
change for officials, the move is nec-
three schools, which are the BIA's
essary "If Indian education is to sur-
three "national" schools, to report to
THE COLLEGE catalog says its bas-
vive.
Demmert's office instead of to area
ic objectives are to give students the
Demmert said education for Indian
offices.
necessary academic background to
students must include cultural as well
The 5,000 persons attending the con-
transfer to a senior college or univer-
as academic elements and give stu-
ference, which continues through
sity; provide vocational-technical
dents basic skills for dealing with so-
Thursday, also will hear talks from
training programs; provide adult edu-
ciety.
Albert Shanker, president of the
cation courses; and "to foster in its
American Federation of Teachers;
Indian students the development and
"THERE IS NO ready-made pre-
Morris Thompson, commissioner of
preservation of a healthy pride in their
scription" to deal with the problems
the BIA; Dr. Paul Salmon, executive
heritage," as well as serving "as a cen-
facing educators, he said. He said the
director of the American Association
ter for development of Indian cul-
of School Administrators, and Dr. Will
tures, with special emphasis on the
Antell, the first NIEA president.
Navajo."
At a luncheon today, the Navajo
The school also offers adult classes
Community College of Tsaile, Ariz.,
in 14 reservation communities, job
celebrated receiving for the first time
training and skills development for
accreditation from the North Central
young adults under its Concentrated
Association of Colleges and Secondary
Employment Program in Gallup, and
Schools.
(eight consulting or training projects
for Indian students.
THE FIRST 301 students enrolled at
Albuquerque Journal
SEP 27 1976
Indian education problems
cited in Montoya speech
By SANDY GRAHAM
self-determination for Indi-
walls to a house, but the
attempts to move the center
Tribune Staff Writer
ans were established in 1970.
walls never meet at the cor-
to Washington, adding, "We
MacDonald replied, yes,
ners," the senator said.
need these centers right
Four stumbling blocks are
he had seen several Indian
here where Indians reside."
holding back Indian educa-
Bureau of Indian Affairs
THE SECOND block is
tion, Sen. Joseph M. Mon-
commissioners and a couple
accountability- who is real-
toya told the opening session
of secretaries of the Interi-
ly responsible for Indian
MONTOYA ALSO called
today of the National Indian
or come and go, Montoya
eduation? Montoya said now
for a $100 million construc-
Eduation Association (NIEA)
said.
that self-determination is
tion program for Indian
meeting in Albuquerque.
"Now it's 1976. Three
being stressed, and strong
education to be accom-
Montoya, described ear-
more years," Montoya said.
parent groups are being
plished over the next 10
lier as "an advocate and
"Do we have change yet -
formed, this problem should
years.
friend" of Indians by Defin
real change? The answer, of
begin to disappear.
Lovato also spoke to this
Lovato, chairman of the All
course, is no."
The third block is priori-
morning's assembly and
Indian Pueblo Council,
ties. Montoya said teachers,
urged listeners to teach Indi-
hammered at the failures of
MONTOYA SAID four
equipment and language
an youths to participate in
the federal government to
things are holding back im-
ought to be stressed because
government.
help Indians improve educa-
proved Indian education.
they have "the most immedi-
Dr. Rick St. Germaine,
tion.
The first is funding and
ate impact on children."
NIEA president, opened the
organization. Four federal
Montoya said the final
four-day meeting. Dr. Wil-
MONTOYA RECALLED
sources of funding exist for
concern was the future of
liam Demmert, BIA director
that in 1973, Navajo tribal
Indian education programs,
the Indian Education Re-
of educational programs,
chairman Peter MacDonald
he said. All have different
source Center in Albuquer-
read a message from Presi-
was asked by a congression-
guidelines, goals and purpos-
que. He drew applause from
dent Gerald Ford which said
al committee if he had seen
es.
the crowd when he said he
the Ford administration
any changes since policies of
"It's like putting up four
would continue to oppose
backed the NIEA's efforts.
Albuquerque Journal
SEP 2 9 1976
UNDERMINING OF TRIBAL RULE CHARGED
ought to make the policies for this tribe," he said.
Butler explained that direct BIA and other governmental funding to
community controlled schools resulted from confusion over the philosophy
of antipoverty programs designed for non-Indian minorities.
He pointed out that Public Law 93-638 in several paragraphs specifically
recognizes tribal governments as being the official head for individual
Indians on reservations. Butler is recognized to be in contention for
the next Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
As the ruling body, said Butler, the tribal governments should receive
the federal money, and through "prioritization" disburse the money to
tribal organizations, including the contract schools.
"This tribal priortization is far from perfect, but it constitutes an
effort to place control in the hands of tribal government in ordering of
program priorities," he said.
Historically, Butler said, Indian tribes have been recognized as individual
governments with sovereign powers which are limited only by some acts of
"The federal Indian relationship is a government-to-government relation-
ship . There is not a relationship between the federal government and
individual Indians, except through tribal governments.
But BIA officials in 1969 and 1970 "did not understand the unique
relationship" and began to apply policies for federal assistance pro-
grams for the poor to the BIA's relationship with Indian tribes, said
Butler.
"Some administrators of BIA education programs began applying in regard
to bureau programs the consept of 'self-determination' and 'community-
control' to entities below tribal government level," he said.
He explained that antipoverty programs, such as the Office of Economic
Opportunity, were conceived for the poor people who were being over-looked
by school programs. "School systems and school curriculums were designed
for middle and upper class sutdents," he said.
"The social engineers who structured the education portions of anti-
poverty programs started with the premise that public schools were in-
sensitive to the needs of children of poverty," he said.
Passage of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was meant for
poverty stricken children, and it dealth with people "below legal
governmental entities," such as school districts.
"Communities then, that is, entitles below the level of governmental
entities that had been established, were given an opportunity for self-
determination," he said.
LIBRARY
SEP 2 9 1976
Albuquerque Journal
FORD
Federally Funded Schools Blamed
Indians Charge Tribal Rule Undermining
By JIM LARGO
erodes the sovereign status of the
control' and bypassed the legitimate
awarding direct monies to 'Indian or-
Community-controlled Indian
federally-recognized tribes," said
tribal governments," he said.
ganizations' only with expressed con-
schools that are funded . directly by
Snake. His comments were heard in a
sent and approval of the tribes," said
the Bureau of Indian Affairs and other
workshop panel discussion at the Na-
"It is this practice of bypassing trib-
Snake, reading from a position paper.
fede ral agencies are "undermining"
tional Indian Education Assn. conven-
al governments that weaken their abil-
tribal sovereignty as recognized
tion in the Albuquerque Convention
ity to govern," said Butler, who is a
Orick Baker, chairman of Lac Que
through long federal-Indian relation-
Center.
member of the Cherokee tribe. He
Oreille tribe in Wisconsin, said, "You
ships, said a tribal group and a BIA
spoke at a workshop session.
people should consider what might
official Tuesday.
Lafollette Butler, assistant area
happen when we have community-
director in the Phoenix Area Office,
In discussing the same topic, some
controlled schools undermining the
"The BIA and other federal agencies
said some BIA officials, out of confu-
members of the education committee
sovereignty of the tribes.
must not circumvent the tribal coun-
sion over federal "war on poverty
under NTCA, including Snake, de-
cils of federally-recognized tribes
programs," allowed Indian groups be-
manded that the BIA deal with tribal
"We have advocates within our var-
when granting monies or contracts for
low tribal leadership to deal directly
governments in granting funds to local
ious groups saying we should have
all services, including educational
for funds with federal agencies.
Indian school boards and other local
independent school boards. Yet tribal
programs to Indian people," said Lar-
Indian organizations.
members come to me and say if we
ry Snake, a member of the education
"The bureau, I think it is fair to say,
want these educators to run this reser
committee under the National Tribal
particularly on education, created ent-
vation, we ought to elect them.
Chairman's Assn.
ities below tribal government and
"We insist that BIA education com-
dealt with those entities in the name of
ply with the Indian Self-Determination
"They say, we elected you, and you
"To do otherwise undermines and
'self-determination' and 'community
and Education Act (PL 93-638) by
Continued on A-2
Amuquerque Journal
SEP
2
8
1976
Navajos Running Their Own School
By JIM LARGO
having all the kids sitting
"English is not used in
and a high school at Borrego
Of the Journal Staff
down and doing the same
most homes. It is not used in
Pass.
BORREGO PASS - The
thing at the same time."
any of the places the kids
Currently, the school has a
Navajo people in this small,
Creamer explained that
ordinarily go. Even when
high attendance rate which
dusty and isolated communi-
the philosophy of limited
they go into town, usually
seems to indicate that the
ty in western New Mexico
open classes seems to work
they stay in the pickup
parents want their children
are running their own eie-
to the advantage of young
trucks.
in school locally, he said. In
mentary school.
Navajo students whose daily
"So very few or our kids
a few years, the educators
The locally controlled
lives are limited to the harsh
have heard English spoken
have built the student body
school began five years ago
country activities.
when they come to our
from 30 to 150 students.
after the Bureau of Indian
Creamer believes the
school. That means they are
The children have the
Affairs, with school attend-
community's closest links to
way behind when it comes to
opportunity to attend a
ance dwindling, decided to
the "Anglo world" are the
trying to learn what schools
boarding school at Crown-
close its day school. Local
family pickup trucks, a trad-
teach.
point or public schools in
leaders did not want their
ing post and an occasional
"For that reason, we use
Thoreau. High school stu-
children bused away to
family weekend trip to Gal-
Navajo as the language of
dents must travel the dist-
schools and decided to run
lup, Grants, or Albuquerque.
instruction in kindergarten,
ance daily.
the school themselves.
In town, however, he said
first and second grades. In-
The small Borrego Pass
Located about 40 miles
the children usually stay in
stead of waiting for the kids
school is old and now becom-
north of Grants, the Borrego
cars while the family shops.
to learn enough English so
ing overcrowded. Its fifth
Pass school is operated by a
During the rest of the
they could learn arithmetic,
and sixth grades are held in
seven-member, all-Navajo
days, most of the students
we go ahead and teach arith-
trailer houses outside the
school board, which, unlike
live in homes where only
metic in Navajo- also social
main building. Preschool and
other Indian school boards,
Navajo is spoken and there
studies and science.
kindergarten are held in
has authority to hire and fire
is little of the Anglo-related
"By the time the kids
small buildings also.
faculty members and over-
life, such as a television set,
reach third grade, then we
All of the children must
see the spending of funds.
said Creamer.
switch over and they have to
travel to and from school
Each member is elected.
So the school adjusted to a
begin to depend on English
daily on dirt roads. There
"The difference between
curriculum that attempts to
as the language of instruc-
are no paved highways in
other area school boards is
rear children in the Navajo
tion. That's the first time
the community. The bus
our school board contracts
and Anglo cultures at the
that they hear a teacher who
driver travels at least 150
the operation," said Donald
same time. Instruction be-
speaks only English.
miles per day, sometime
D. Creamer, director of spe-
gins in Navajo in kindergar-
through snow and mud.
cial projects. "It is responsi-
ten and ends in English be-
"They learn to read and
Mrs. Creamer said be-
ble for the school program."
fore graduation from the
write first in Navajo be-
cause of limited funds,
Creamer explained that
sixth grade.
cause it is easier for them to
school personnel often make
most other Indian school
Principal of the school,
gain the initial reading skills
their own shelves. Yearly,
boards serve as advisory
Mrs. Mary Helen Creamer, a
in their language," he said.
they ask BIA officials for
boards to BIA officials who
Navajo herself and wife of
Creamer explained that
discarded materials. Person-
run the schools.
Donald, said students learn
the learning of concepts
nel fix up the equipment and
The Borrego Pass elemen-
concepts in Navajo early in
through a foreign language
use them. The school budget
tary school is about 20 years
school but study the English
in later grades has left many
is $500,000.
old. It has been run by local
language at the same time.
of the children behind be-
In the second grade room
officials during the last five
From kindergarten
cause their reading skills
is a black and white televi-
years. In 1971, BIA educa-
through second grade, pri-
are not up to par. He said
sion set, and Mrs. Creamer
tors had 30 students and the
mary instruction is done in
Navajo teacher aides help
said the 150 children share
school was becoming too
the Navajo language, said
many of the students keep
the one set on limited basis.
costly for them. They decid-
Don Creamer. But from the
up.
Often they watch education-
ed to close the school.
third grade through sixth,
Creamer said the school's
al programs such as Sesame
Before BIA closed the
instruction is done through
instructional philosophy
Street.
school, local Navajos turned
the English language.
creates some problems for
Donald Creamer said he
it into a "contract school,"
"We believe our kids need
some of the students after
would like to see someone
meaning it was to be run by
a good deal of individual in-
they graduate. Usually, they
come to the school and de-
local officials with funds
struction and individual at-
go into schools where bilin-
sign the school's playground
from the federal govern-
tention. They start way be-
gual education is limited and
similar to the one at Monte
ment. The local group ob-
hind where the average kid
so their progress becomes
Vista Elementary School at
tained funds from BIA and
starts," said Creamer.
limited, he said.
3211 Monte Vista NE in Al-
other government agencies.
"The average student at
In order to give the stu-
buquerque.
The school is now "a limit-
this school, when he first
dents a complete education,
He said in order for the
ed open" school. Creamer
arrives at kindergarten, not
Creamer said, the school
children to broaden their
said, "We do group our kids
only doesn't speak English
board is considering a school
ideas of the Anglo world,
by grade level, but we have
but he has never had a
district that would take a
they are often taken on field
the students get limited free
chance to associate with
child from preschool
trips to cities like Albuquer-
choices of what they do dur-
anyone who does speak Eng-
through high school. The
que. They have also been to
ing the day as opposed to
lish.
board wants a junior high
Houston and Mexico.
SEP 2 4 1976
Albuguerque Tribune
Canal traps deer, antelope
FARMINGTON (UPI) -
The deer herd, estimated
mate, according to Bob Pa-
fears the already declining
State game officials say the
at about 130 animals in an
cific, field supervisor at that
deer herd will suffer much
main canal of the huge Na-
area five miles either side of
agency's ecological service
greater losses as the water
vajo Indian Irrigation Proj.
the canal, has been declining
field office in Albuquerque.
volume increases and the
ect in northwestern New
in number along with most
western herds in recent
VAL McBROOM, acting
slopes become mossy.
Mexico has been a death
BIA area director at Window
Another problem cited by
trap for numerous deer in an
years, officials say.
already declining herd.
The decision on fencing is
Rock, Ariz., said, "I am not
state officials is the fact that
For several years, while at
apparently up to Interior
aware that it is our place to
the canal is being used to
least 44 animals have per-
Secretary Thomas Kleppe.
make any recommendation."
only about one-fifth to one-
ished, they have been press-
and, ultimately, Congress.
Federal and state spokes-
tenth of capacity.
men agree at least 38 deer
Currently, enough water
ing the federal government
Kleppe has asked for a re-
to fence the 15-foot deep
and three antelope died in
to irrigate one 10,000-acre
port from the Bureau of
the canal during five con-
block of land is flowing
concrete lined ditch. But
Reclamation, the Bureau of
they still have no idea what
Indian Affairs and the U.S.
struction years before the
through the canal. Eventual-
to expect from the federal
Fish and Wildlife Service, all
first irrigation water began
ly, 11 blocks of land, totaling
bureaucracy.
flowing last March.
about 110,000 acres, will be
under his department.
Three other deer are
under cultivation.
The canal stretched 32.8
miles from the Navajo Lake
DALE RAITT, assistant
known to have been lost and
PACIFIC and the state of-
Reservoir to the beginning
director of the Bureau of
one antelope was pulled out
ficials fear deer drownings
of the huge project land area
Reclamation's regional of-
alive since July 1.
may greatly increase as
on the reservation. About
fice in Amarillo, Tex., said
THE SCORES of animals
water volume increases.
half the distance is under-
the "tone" of correspond-
saved have included elk.
However, they also say the
ground in interspersed tun-
ence from Kleppe indicated
"We didn't realize a canal
current lesser volume is a
nels and siphons, which state
he would act "in the next
of this size would be such a
hindrance to discovering the
officials say may contain
couple of months or so."
deer trap as it has been,"
real extent of the losses be-
many carcasses beyond the
Raitt's agency, which built
says George Merrill, assist-
cause the water isn't deep or
confirmed losses.
the canal and maintains it
ant chief of the game man-
swift enough to flush car-
for the BIA, says construc-
agement division of the
casses out of the siphons
WILD ANIMALS entering
tion of the required 30 miles
State Game and Fish Depart-
into the open flow areas.
the 20-foot wide canal look-
of deer proof fencing would
ment.
Raitt disagrees with this.
ing for water are unable to
cost $1.2 million. The State
Now that the canal is oper-
He thinks the current
scramble back out, especial-
Game and Fish Department
ational, "the losses may be
confirmed number of losses
ly if the steep slopes are
estimates it could be done
significantly greater," he
about accounts for all of the
slippery. Their only salva-
for less than a third of that
says.
dead animals.
tion is for man to find them
figure.
The siphons, says Merrill,
"We don't think the car-
in time and pull them out
Fish and Wildlife is the
may be the "permanent rest-
casses will stay in the bot-
with ropes. Even the res-
only federal agency backing
ing place" of many other
tom of the siphon," he said.
cuers are unable to keep
the state's position that the
animals.
"We think they will float on
their footing on the slick
fencing is necessary and it
through
into the oper
sides.
accepts the state's cost esti-
HE SAYS his department
flow sections."
Navajo Times
SEP 2 3 1976
Enrollment At BIA Schools
GALLUP INDEPENDENT
SEP 2 2 1976
WINDOW ROCK-As of Sep-
Eastern Navajo had 162 studen-
Primary- were combined into
tember 10, there were a total of
ts above anticipated enrollment
one school, under the principal-
17,121 students in Bureau of
as of that time with a total
ship of Glover Rawls. There
Indian Affairs schools on the
enrollment of 3,640 students.
were two principalship vacan-
reservation, compared with
Virtually every school in the
cies in the agency following the
Navajo Tax Plan
17,021 on the same date last
agency had the anticipated
resignations of Richard Mc-
year. Education officials
number of pupilsexcept(3)
Mullin and Dave Finley, respe-
predicted that enrollment
point Boarding School, a large
ctively.
would reach a total of 17,710
"feeder" school drawing
students, a figure that, if past
students from a wide area.
In the Chinle Agency, Sam
Due in January
precedent holds, will be rea-
Other agency totals included:
Tso a teacher supervisor, was
ched next month.
Western vajo, 4,806 students
serving as acting principal at
A major problem is keeping
enrolled, 273 below the authori-
Lukachukai, and Harold Tryon,
WINDOW ROCK, Ariz. (Dine Bureau)
the vast majority of the tribe's mineral
students in attendance
zed figure; Shiprock, 2,239
a teacher was acting at Cotton-
The Navajo Tax Commission plans to
wealth and income is concentrated in a
throughout the school year.
students enrolled, 313 below the
wood.
submit proposed tribal tax laws to the
relatively small number of chapters
Enrollment usually declines
authorized figure; Fort Defian-
Navajo Tribal Council during its
within the Navajo Reservation.
somewhat, after reaching a
ce, 3,726 students enrolled, 60
Chinle Boarding School was
January session, its chairman, Robert
From the research. the commission
peak in October. Expectedly,
below authorization; and
physically moved to Many
Shorty. said Tuesday.
reaffirmed its earlier view that a system
the enrollment of Navajo
Chinle, 2,710 students enrolled
Farms, occupying the physical
The three commission members. who,
of taxation focusing on entities which
students in Bureau schools has
with 105 below the authorized
plant of the old Many Farms
besides Shorty, include former Tuba
export products such as minerals and
declined in recent years as
figure.
Elementary School. However,
City Councilman Glenn George and
energy from the Navajo Nation is the
more students enroll in public
Wingate High School had a
this large boarding school
Harvard professor David Cole. plan to
appropriate direction of a Navajo Tax
schools.
total of 715 students and many
under the principalship of
spend the next four months drafting
Program.
The slight increase in
Farms High had a total of 701.
Cleveland Miller, is still known
these proposed laws and talking to
After approving a re-drafted set of
enrollment this year over last
Tuba City High School, a com-
as Chinle Boarding. It had 819
Navajos on both a chapter and district
Rules and Regulations for the Commis-
year wasatributedgenerally to
bination boarding-public
students as of September 10
level to get local input.
sion and discussing other internal mat-
two factors: a more vigorous
school, had 530 students on a
with the goal of enrolling 900.
After three months of research, how-
ters the Commission prepared for its
recruiting effort on the part of
boarding basis, and a enrollme-
ever. Shorty said the commission has
next meeting in October and its forth-
local school boards and princi-
nt of 1,340.
In the Eastern Navajo
discovered certain facts about taxing
coming report to the navajo Tribal
pals; and a growing awareness
New principals in the Navajo
Agency, changes from last year
and leasing on the Navajo reservation.
Council also in October on the proposed
on the part of Navajo parents
Area, and transfer of principal-
included Billy Bigheart serving
First. the tribe's existing leases have
tax program.
that they need to keep their
5, involved William H. Draper,
as acting principal at Pueblo
not been adequately monitored by either
"while our future course of action will
children in school the full 180
44, born at Canyon del Muerto,
Pintado and Ojo Encino
the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the U.S.
depend on council reaction," Shorty
days, to prevent them from
who was transferred from
following the resignation of
Geological Survey. or the Navajo Nation
said, "we expect to follow up on our
falling hopelessly behind. This
Cottonwood Day Schoool in the
Rosalie. Roberts, who went to
itself. Commission members believe it
Council presentation in October with
fact has been stressed repeate-
Chinle Agency to Kinlichee
HEW in Dallas; Sherry Wood-
is likely that the tribe has not been re-
presentations at Agency and District
dy by school administrators.
Boarding School in the Fort
side serving as acting principal
ceiving all the payments it should from
Council Meetings and have a specific tax
Bureau schools had 589
Defiance Agency.
at Alamo; and Dale Allison,
the leasing companies.
package for the Council's January ses-
students below anticipated
In the Western Navajo
formerly at Dzilth-na-o-dith-
The commission members have also
sion. We welcome input and comments
enrollment as of the September
Agency, two schools Kaibeto
hle, named as principal at
substantiated their earlier beliefs that
from all interested persons.'
10 date. However, one agency,
Elementary and Kaibeto
Torreon.
A-8
The Albuquerque Tribune, Saturday, September 25, 1976
Dances aren't as lively
Shyness is a Navajo trait
By SUSIE GRAN
Tribune Staff Writer
Navajos are hesitant to
dance and that's why "our
dance is kind of a drag," said
William Dean Wilson, a
member of the Navajo dance
team performing at the Indi-
an Village on the Fair-
grounds.
The Navajo dances, in-
cluding the mountain winter
ceremonial Wilson calls the
"Ribbon Dance." are not as
lively as the others, Wilson
admits.
"WE ARE a quiet people
and shyness has always been
with us. We hold back while
the Plains Indians are color-
ful and noisy in their
dances," he said.
Wilson, formerly a trial
judge for the Navajo Nation,
now lives in North Dakota.
He has danced at the Indian
Village two previous years.
Known throughout the vil-
lage for his stories, jokes
and enthusiasm for reviving
Indian tradition, Wilson has
encouraged other dance
teams to expand their pro-
grams and give visitors ex-
planations of the ceremoni-
als as he does.
"The Navajo songs,
prayers and dances are
going out because the elders
don't pass them on. I'm glad
to see many younsters inter-
ested in taking it up and
learning it," he said.
"MAYBE they'll change
(Staff photo by AJ Cabrol)
the fact that Navajos don't
Navajo William Dean Wilson
dance. With the 'now' gener-
"Our dance is kind of a drag"
ation and the intermarriage
of tribes, they may be will-
plain our dances to the peo-
of the ceremonial dances are
hard time just getting the
ing to gather around more
ple. We respect the signifi-
performed on the reserva-
dancers with me on the plat-
freely and dance," he said.
cance of our dances so we
tion a medicine man and a
form at first. The Navajos
He thinks the Indian Vil-
can only do for the public
patient are involved in a
have always been interested
lage needs eight or 10 dance
what is allowed - not the
healing ritual which is not
in dancing but very hesitant
teams to show visitors the
whole works," Wilson said.
reenacted for the public
about it," he said.
variety of Indian dancing.
dances.
Wilson makes the Navajo
There are four dance
HE DANCES are as
Wilson said the Navajo
program at the Indian Vil-
teams which alternate per-
authentic as they can be al-
dances may change in style
lage informative as well as
formances on the village
though elements of the cere-
some because of public
entertaining with his candid
platform every half hour
monial are missing in the
demand and the influence of
evaluations of what the
during the Fair.
public performances, he
the Plains Indians.
dancing means and why its
"We have to give more of
added.
But the shyness will be
part of his people's way of
a show here and try to ex-
For example, while many
hard to overcome. "I had a
life
Coal Gas Plant
Plans Still On
By BILL DONOVAN
Backers of the program. however,
WINDOW ROCK. Ariz. (Dine Bureau)
have hopes that an amendment being
Officials for the Western Gasification
proposed by Sen. Jennings Randolph, D-
Co. (WESCO) apparently still plan to go
W.Va., makes it through the Senate
SEP 2 7 1976
ahead and seek approval for a coal
committees. The Jennings amendment
gasification proposal from the Navajo
would allow the government's energy
Tribal Counci desp ite a reje tion of a
leaders to come before Congress on a
GALLUP INDEPENDENT
synthetic fuel loan guarantee by the
project-to-project basis to seek loan
House of Representatives last week.
guarantees for synthetic fuel plants.
WESCO officials met with members of
Both of New Mexico's congressmen
the tribe's general counsel firm last Fri-
supported the loan guarantee program.
day and indicated that they would favor
Rep. Harold Runnels said he could not
a decision by the tribal council as soon as
predict whether a similar bill would
possible.
pass the next session of Congress until
"They asked me what the chances
he sees who is re-elected in November.
were that their proposal would come up
Rep. Manuel Lujan Jr said the vote last
before the council during its October
week indicates that the program is dead.
session and I told them that right now it
was hard to say exactly what the
chances were." George Vlassis, the
tribe's general counsel. said Sunday.
He said that negotiations between
WESCO and the tribe are still going on
and no proposal will be presented to the
council until these negotiations are
complete.
The fall session of the tribal council is
scheduled to begin Oct. 19.
The chances of WESCO being given
the go-ahead this year for the project
MacDonald Honored
even if the tribe and the federal govern-
ment gives its approval looks dim after
the house voted down the snythetic gas
loan guarantee program 193-192.
The program would have approved
By Time Magazine
$3.5 billion in loan guarantees to such
projects as coal gasification.
The ``syn-fuel`` bill lost on a technical-
WASHINGTON. D. C. (Staff) -
Magazine two years ago as one of the
ity as the House members voted last
Navajo Tribal Chairman Peter Mac-
nation's young leaders. He is the only
Thursday. not on the merits of the prog-
Donald is in the nation's capital Mon-
Indian and only Arizonan to receive the
ram itself. but on a rule which would
day. being honored by Time Magazine
honr. Among the New Mexicans to re-
have set forth the guidelines for debate.
as one of the 200 outstanding young lead-
ceive the honor was U.S. Senator Pete
The defeat of this rule procedure kills
ers in America today
Domenici.
the bill for this session of Congress.
Time is sponsoring a two-day semi-
In Washington MacDonald and the
nar. which began Sunday. to get input
tribe's general counsel. George Vlassis.
from the nation's young leaders on what
plan to sepak to Interior officials in an
can be done to solve some of the
effort to get the government to move
country's most pressing problems.
more quickly on a tribally-approved ag-
The seminar is scheduled to conclude
reement with El Paso Natural Gas Corp.
Monday night with a speech by Democ-
for the mining of coal hear Burnham.
ratic presidential candidate Jimmy
New Mexico.
Carter.
MacDonald was chosen by Time
Rules
Limit
Access
Council
WINDOW ROCK, Ariz. -
ber. Each councilman will be
But Jonas Blueyes, an ad- rights guaranteed under the issues.
Demonstrations at Navajo
issued a maximum of three
visory committee member and
Constitution and the Indian
"On the reservation," he
Tribal Council chambers last
passes, which must be shown
councilman from Upper
Civil Rights Act."
says, "all of a sudden you hear
month, precipitated by the
at council chambers upon re-
Fruitland, says the rules are
He points to a possible
about some real crucial legis-
council's approval of the El
quest to tribal law enforce-
"really nothing new." The
situation where an issue dis-
lation about to be made. It
Paso coal lease, have
ment officials.
rules are a revision of resolu-
cussed in council session may
doesn't give people time to
prompted the council's ad-
The Bureau of Indian Affairs
tions passed in 1956, he says.
affect only one area of the
question or discuss it."
visory committee to pass str-
area director will be allowed a
Blueyes, who said the com-
reservation, but only three
Tribal council members,
ingent new rules regulating
maximum 10 passes. No per-
mittee voted 17-0 in favor of
persons from that area will be
Tsosie charges, are not suffi-
access to council chambers.
sons will be allowed in council
the measures, says he doesn't
able to attend.
ciently prepared to discuss the
New rules approved by the
chambers when the council is
think the rules limit input from
"In order to cut people out
issues due to lack of resources
committee will require visitors
not in session.
constituents.
(of attendance) at. Window
such as council offices, library
to council sessions to have a
The new rules state that
Advisory committee member
Rock on cruclal issues, it has
and consultants.
pass issued by a council mem-
executive sessions may still be
Harry Tome of Red Rock could
to be discussed thoroughly at
Tsosie also said he talked
called by the tribal chairman
not be reached today for
the chapter level. In that case,
with several councilmen from
or by the council, who may
comment.
there would be satisfaction at
the northeast part of the
limit persons remaining in
CNL member Wilbert Tsosie
the local area level."
reservation who were unaware
attendance.
says, on the other hand, that
The new rules, Tsosie says,
of the advisory committee's
The advisory committee's
the advisory committee's work
don't allow sufficient time to
measures and were "shocked"
rules also provide for removal
"fails to recognize the basic
gain citizen input on crucial
about them.
from the chambers of persons
disrupting a session. Disrup-
tion is defined as loud or
abusive language, obstructing
SEP 2 7 1976
passage into the chambers,
engaging in violence, disobe-
Farmington Daily Times
dience to the chairman or
participation in a parade, as-
semblage or demonstration.
A parade or demonstration
will be allowed in the Navajo
capitol area only with a permit
from the Navajo Division of
Law Enforcement acquired at
least 48 hours prior to the
assemblage.
Actions may be brought in
Navajo tribal court within 48
hours if the permit is denied.
Non-Navajos are prohibited
from participating in a parade.
Parades and demonstrations
are considered gatherings of
more than 10 persons Members
of the Coalition for Navajo
Liberation CNL) say their
lawyers are researching legal
issues surrounding the rules
and may bring suit against the
council charging prior re-
straint on freedom of speech.
Mexican Springs Hears Montoya
ROSWELL (AP) - From a cattle
He then shook hands with everybody
"This is the grandfather of the
auction on the Navajo Reservation near
in the bleachers as the sale continued.
sopapilla." he said as he ate Navajo
Gallup to an exclusive dinner party in
Only two hours earlier. dressed
fried bread. On the paper plates there
Roswell. Democratic Sen. Joseph M.
in the same blue business suit. he was at
also were cuts of tough beef. to be eaten
Montoya travels the far corners of soci-
the Albuquerque Convention Center be.
with the fingers.
ety in search of reelection votes.
fore a lunch group of Indian educators
An old Navajo cowboy walked
The fast pace of a single campaign
he greeted as "friends of Navajo Com-
up and said, "Hey, Monoya. A hundred
day, such as Monday, is made possible
munity College and friends of Joe Mon-
dollars a plate."
by the twin engine Piper Aztec the
toya."
Then it was on to Roswell in instru-
senator's campaign bought from the
He guaranteed he will work to make
ment flying weather to a gathering that
campaign of Gov. Jerry Apodaca.
the college in Arizona larger. "Some-
had been billed as a reception for oil
Against a background of several
times people on the outside say the In-
men. The senator and his wife slept in
hundred bawling range cattle at Mexi-
dians haven't indicated too much prog-
the plane.
can Springs, the senator introduced
ress. Well. when you look at the White
They were met by a group of men in
himself through a bullhorn to the Nava-
business suits at the Roswell Industrial
area of activity. the Whites aren't mak-
jos sitting on dusty wooden bleachers.
ing too much progress on unemploy-
Air Center. Dr. Howard Smith, a Ros-
"I'm Joe Montoya. your U.S. senator.
ment either." he said.
well physician, told the two news repor-
For many years I've tried to work in
ters with the senator the reception at his
your behalf in building schools. building
The blue suit was getting dusty. His
house would be private.
hospitals. building roads and trying to
wife, Della, brushed it as he went to the
"Frankly, we don't want any repor-
improve economic conditions for the
back of the Mexican Springs' bleachers
ters at this party," Smith said.
Navajo people," he said.
for an obligatory plate of outdoor food.
He explained it was a private gather-
ing and said the senator and Mrs. Mon-
toya would spend the night at his home.
"He (Montoya) told me he has never
Albuquerque Journal
spent the night in anyone's home in
SEP 2 8 1976
Roswell," Smith said.
Indian Commissioner
Montoya was scheduled to resume his
public campaigning today. a handshak-
ing walk through the Eastern New Mex-
ico State Fair in Roswell, and then fly to
Albuquerque for appearances there.
Submits Resignation
Commissioner of Indian Affairs
Morris Thompson recently submitted
GALLUP INDEPENDENT
his resignation totheDept. of Interior
to become vice president of a company
in his native Alaska.
Thompson said in his resignation he
would leave office Nov. 3 so he can
work for a company known as Al-Con,
a subsidiary of another company help-
ing to construct the Alaskan oil pipe-
Skeet Heads
line.
Officials meeting at the National
Ford Committee
Indian Education Assn. convention
said Thompson "sensed the political
WINDOW ROCK. Ariz. (Dine Bureau)
climate was right" and submitted his
- Navajo Vice Chairman Wilson Skeet
resignation. He was not forced to re-
was named this past weekend chairman
sign.
of the Navajos for Ford Committee.
Skeet's appointment was announced
Sen. Joseph M. Montoya, D-NM, said
by State Rep Colin McMillan. chairman
Thompson was very helpful to him. "I
of the President Ford Committee in New
am very sorry to see him go."
Mexico.
Thompson will make more money
Skeet was a Ford delegate to the state
working for the Alaskan company. It
Republican convention.
was not immediately made known who
Morris Thompson
would next become the Commisisoner
of Indian Affairs.
Leaving BIA Post
Alaska Indians in Arizona
SEP 2 3 1976
urged to claim U.S. cash
Arizona Republic
By BONNIE BARTAK
Although the snow-swept tundra of
regional corporations made up of native
Alaska is a long way from Arizona's
Alaskan Indians, Hayes explained. and
desert heat. the federal government be-
each has elected or will elect a board of
lieves that with enough scarching it can
directors to invest its money. in profit-
identify 260 Alaskan Indians here and
making ventures.
include them in a large cash settlement
plan.
Hayes cited establishme of a large
hotel. seafood processing business and
That's what Patrick Hayes. coordina-
fleet of fishing vessels as examples of
for of the Alaska Native Enrollment
the ventures set up S0 far. It is too early
Office, said Friday at the Phoenix Press
Club as part of a nationwide sweep to
Continued on Page A-4
find an estimated 5,000 to 10,000 Indians
to share in the settlement.
On Dec. 18. 1971, then-President Nixon
signed the Alaska Native Claims Settle-
More
ment Act, a congressional attempt to
distribute nearly $1 billion and 40 million
about
Alaskan Indian funds
acres to the descendants of Alaskan
Indians who lost their land to encroach-
Continued from Page A-1
because it was believed
fits. Applications also can
ing settlers in the mid-1800s.
to predict success for any
that 5,000 to 10,000 Alas-
be obtained by writing to
of them, he said.
kan Indians living
Alaska Native Enroll-
Hayes said it is the largest settlement
throughout the United
ment, Pouch 7-1971,
of native American claims in U.S.
All those with Alaskan
States and in foreign
Anchorage, Alaska, 99510.
history.
Indian ancestry living out-
countries had not been
After making single cash payments to
side Alaska will make up
reached, he said.
recompense other Indian tribes for their
a thirteenth region, but
lands, the government decided to try a
will be restricted to re-
Hayes said his staff of
different approach with the Eskimos,
ceiving cash benefits in-
19 and a public relations
Aleuts and other Alaskan Indians, Hayes
stead of participating in
firm will spend about
said.
such businesses.
$500,000 this year to find
the remaining Indians
The plan is to spread "smaller pay-
In an earlier recruiting
who might be eligible. So
ments to individual Indians over a peri-
drive, 78,000 Indians were
far, he said about 500
od of years and to use the rest of the
enrolled in the program,
additional Indians have
money to turn the Indians, many of
Hayes said. Congress ex-
been enrolled this year.
whom are nomadic hunters, into busi-
tended the enrollment ef-
ness speculators.
fort through Jan. 2, 1977,
Eligible to share in the
benefits are U.S. citizens
Alaska has been divided into a dozen
who are at least one-
fourth Alaskan Indian,
Eskimo or Aleut and who
were born before Dec. 18.
1971.
Hayes said Indians who
believe they might be
eligible can go to any of-
fice of the Bureau of In-
dian Affairs and request
an application for bene-
SEP 27 1976
GALLUP INDEPENDENT
Tribe Vetoes Orme Dam
FORT MCDOWELL (AP) Yavapai Indians on the
The bureau has been trying for three years to convince the
Fort McDowell Reservation have voted by more than 2-1
Indians to sell their land 30 miles east of Phoenix for the
against the sale of their lands to the government for Orme
Central Arizona Project dam.
Dam and Reservoir sites.
The dam would regulate the flow of CAP water through a
The vote was 144 against the sale and 57 for it, according to
series of aquaducts stretching west to the Colorado River. It
Phil Smith. tribal police chief. There were 258 persons eligi-
would provide flood control and possibly some hydroelectric
ble to vote in the reservation poll.
power.
Tribal chairman Clinton Pattea had said earlier that tribal
This is the second time the Indians have voted to stay and
officials planned to use the poll results as a guide in dealings
not sell. But the first poll was not accepted by CAP officialsor
with the Bureau of Reclamation
the tribal council due to alleged interference from Ornte op-
He said a no vote would mean, "we will tell the gov-
ponents.
ernment we will no longer negotiate because our people do
Following that vote. the bureau hired a public relations
not want to sell their land.
outfit to promote the dam.
By voting no. the Indians were in effect saying no to the
And the Indians had a promo effort of their own going
government's offer of $31.5 million. another 17,000 acres of
Saturday as hand-painted signs lined the road to the com-
nearby land, a monopoly on concessions at the Orme Reser-
munity center where voting was held. urging a no vote on the
voir and new houses built at government expense.
proposition.
Arizona Republic
SEP 2 3 1976
Navajo ex-analyst is appointed
to run troubled housing agency
WINDOW ROCK --
Beverly Hills, Calif., in-
small Navajo community
Richard Johnson, a for-
vestment firm, American
30 miles west of here,
mer research analyst for
Funding, which was
Johnson attended Arizona
the Office of Navajo Eco-
placed in receivership last
State Universitp and Stan-
nomic Opportunity. has
January by a federal
ford University before
been appointed director of
court.
joining the Army and
the financially troubled
The court is liquidating
serving in Vietnam.
Navajo Housing Authority.
the firm's assets. which
He was hired by the
Johnson, 31. replaces
include a Las Vegas gam-
Pat Chee Miller. NHA's
tribe in July to help pre-
bling casino, in order to
first director. who resign-
pare the fiscal 1977 budg-
repay NHA.
ed after it was learned
et for the tribal council.
that he approved several
Johnson was chosen by
In August he was trans-
questionable investments
the NHA board of direc-
ferred to the newly creat-
using federal funds.
tors and HUD representa-
ed Office of Financial
NHA still has about $4
tives from among 122
Policy Analysis where he
applicants. He is to begin
was director of the divi-
million of Department of
work Oct. 4.
sion that reviewed how
Housing and Urban Devel-
Bureau of Indians Affairs
opment funds tied up in a
A native of Ganado, a
agencies were spending
federal funds on the
reservation.
THE ARIZONA REPUBLIC
The Giami Treath
PHOENIX, ARIZ.
MIAMI. FLA.
D 211,962 SUN. 318,839
D. 384.621 SUN 486.568
SEP 15 1976
SEP 19 1976
Tribal 10975 project
gets U.S. funds
Indian Land Bill
CAMP VERDE - The
ment of Health, Education
Yavapai-Apache Tribal
and Welfare to continue a
Council has been granted
remedial and compensato-
Is 62472 Signed by Ford
$54,000 from the Depart-
ry educational program to
WASHINGTON
President
aid bilingual children in
Ford Saturday signed legislation
reading, writing a nd
repealing a 50-year-old law that
arithmetic.
made tribal lands of the Pueblo In-
dians of New Mexico subject to
Director Devona Knoep-
special condemnation actions in
fle said 90 Indian children
right-of-way cases.
from Clarkdale and Mid-
The 1926 law provided for con-
dle Verde are
dempation of Pueblo lands for any
participating in the pro-
purpose for which other New Mex-
gram, which was started
ico lands may be condemned. It
two years ago.
was enacted two years after the
Interior Department approved an
application for a railroad right-of-
way through tribal lands of the
Zia, Santa Ana and Jemez Pueblos.
The Orenamian
PORTLAND, OREGON
D. 245,132 SUN. 407,186
SEP 1 5 1976
Klamaths keep
tribal rights
A federal judge has held that the right of Klamath
Solomon's ruling was in favor of five Klamaths
Indians to hunt, trap and fish on ancestral lands free
who sought an injunction against the Oregon Fish and
of state regulation applies to descendants of those
Wildlife Commission and the Oregon State Police,
listed on a 1957 tribal roll.
prohibiting them from enforcing state game regula-
U.S. District Judge Gus Solomon, in an opinion
tions against the Indians on former reservation lands.
filed Friday, ruled against the state, which had con-
The Indians are Charles E. Kimbail, Stephen L. and
tended such rights should be limited only to Indians on
Allan Lang, Leonard O. Norris Jr. and James Kirk.
the list, prepared as part of the work of disbanding
Approximately 2,000 persons were listed original-
the Klamath Indian reservation. The disbanding was
ly on the tribal roll, and Solomon's ruling applies to
completed in 1961.
any of their descendants.
"If Congress intended the Klamath Termination
:
The judge noted that the Indians do not want to
Act to terminate all of the treaty rights of the Kla-
exercise their game rights on private land, where
math Indians on the death of the last survivor whose
hunting, fishing or trapping is prohibited.
name appears on the final tribal roll, Congress could
"Neither to do they seek to enforce exclusive
have proceeded in clear and unambiguous language,"
rights on the remaining land, most of which is held by
Solomon wrote.
the U.S. government," he said.
"I therefore hold that the rights of the Klamath
Indians to hunt, fish and trap, free of state regulations,
extend to the descendants of the persons in the 1957
final tribal roll."
The Seattle Daily Times
D. 247.540 SUN. 306.612
SEP 16 1976
Non-Indian-rights
297F
legislation pushed
WU'
The non-Indian property owners
He called for language to restrict
By LEE MORIWAKI
have been stymied in trying to build
the powers of Indian tribal govern-
The powers of Indian tribal gov-
on their own lots and are subject
ments "to compare with those of
ernments should be restricted so
to arrest under tribal law, he said.
federal and state governments" and
they are no greater than the author-
Gray told of the case of one mem-
to affirm the Bill of Rights and the
ity of the federal or state govern-
14th Amendment.
ments, says Howard Gray, a found-
R. Dennis Ickes, deputy undersec-
ber of the Quinault Property Own-
ing member of the Interstate Con-
retary of interior, said the measure
ers Association who had bought fee
gress for Equal Rights and Respon-
is pending before the federal Office
patent land.
sibilities.
of Management and Budget but has
"The title had no encumberances,
Gray, a Seattle resident and pro-
and was clear of all restrictions,"
not yet been introduced in Con-
ducer of outdoor documentary
he said. "Suddenly the Quinault
gress. The state attorney general's
films, returned from Washington,
office said at least two other simi-
Tribal Council announced that we
D.C., earlier this week where he
lar bills have been introduced, how-
were to have tribal law. That we
and other members of his organiza-
ever.
could not be on the beach (even
tion met with officials from the
though) we have deeded lots to
White House, Interior Department,
mean high tide. That we could not
Department of Justice, Bureau of
get septic (tank) or building per-
THE PURPOSE of the measure
Indian Affairs and other federal
mits, and that they (the tribe)
pending before the O.M.B., said
agencies to insert such language in
would tell us how to conduct our-
Ickes, is to give federally-recog-
a proposed "Indian Jurisdiction Act
selves on our property.
nized tribes more influence in de-
of '1976."
"The conflict created by the sale
The Interstate Congress, said
of tribal land to non-Indians should
termining whether they would be
Gray, believes all people, regard-
be dealt with forthrightly and now,"
under state or federal jurisdiction.
less of race, color or creed, should
Gray said. "The solution should
State Attorney General Slade
have equal rights under the United
recognize the rights of the Indians
Gorton considers the proposed act
States Constitution and that no law
and the rights of non-Indians living
à "step backwards and said it
should supercede constitutional law.
on the reservation."
would effectively reverse Public
Now, Gray said, non-Indians who
Law 280, which permits several
own property on reservation lands
A DRAFT PROPOSAL for a fed-
states to have criminal and civil
eral "Indian Jurisdiction Act of
jurisdiction over reservations.
come under jurisdiction of tribal
1976" contains some language that
Gorton added in a letter to a Su-
laws but have no voice in the for-
is unacceptable to the Interstate
quamish resident: I do not be-
mation or operation of the tribal
Congress for Equal Rights and Res-
lieve that any group, including Indi-
government.
ponsibilities, Gray said.
ans, should, by reason of race, have
"A real problem exists on Indian
special legal rights which differ
reservations" such as the Lummi
from those of their neighbors. My
and Quinault, Gray told a gathering
In its present form, he said, the
idea of an ideal American society
of federal officials in the nation's
act would not specifically address
is one in which the law treats ev-
capitol. The problem "stems from
the question of whether tribal
eryone equally."
the fact that although the Indians
courts may exercise jurisdiction
Gorton said he thinks the Inter-
have sold huge quantities of the res-
over non-Indians accused of com-
state Congress, formed earlier this
ervation to non-Indians, neverthe-
mitting offenses within Indian coun-
year, is a "responsible organiza-
less they still insist on exclusive
try. An alternate section reads,
tion.' The group represents citizens
jurisdiction over everything and ev-
"Nothing herein is intended to ad-
in 13 Western states. including
eryone on the reservation."
dress or alter the status of civil and
Washington.
criminal jurisdiction over non-Indi-
GRAY, who is a spokesman for
ans residing within reservation
the Lummi and Quinault Property
boundaries."
Con't
Owners Associations (composed of
Gray called the proposed meas-
non-Indians), complained that non-
ure "pass-the-buck legislation."
Indians have been subjected to
"harassment" and several property
owners "are being forced to sell at
a sacrifice."
Joe DeLaCruz, president of the
Quinault tribe, said the non-Indian
property owners, many of whom do
not live on the reservation proper-
ty, "are making a lot of accusations
The Boston Glohe
that are untrue."
(EVENING)
HE SAID THAT under treaty
rights the tribal governments have
jurisdiction over reservation land,
SEP 10 1976
He said the owners "should have
checked on the status of Indian
property" before buying.
THE TOWN OF MASHPEE has hired Boston
DeLaCruz added that the tribal
Atty. James St. Clair to fight a suit by the
zoning and sanitation ordinances
Wampanoag Indians claiming title to 20,000
are the same as those of the coun-
acres or nearly the entire town. The suit has
ties in which the reservation is situ-
already forced the selectmen to put off plans
ated.
for is $4 million school because of questions
"If the property they want to
about state bonding.
build on meets the zoning and sami-
tation ordinances, and the building
code. which is true of any govern-
ment, then they can build," he said.
But a problem along the coast ts
that the land is a mixture of gravel
and clay, which makes sanitation a
problem. he said. The Quinault In-
dian Reservation is on the west side
of the Olympic Peninsula.
CHICAGO
SUN-TIMES
D 535.138 JUN. 709.123
SEP 17 1976
Trim bail for AIM chief
MILWAUKER JOURNAL
SAN FRANCISCO (UPI) -
A judge Thursday reduced ball
MILWAUKFE, WISC
for American Indian Move-
D. 350,005 SUN 543,992
ment leader Dennis Banks to
$2,500 and postponed until Nov.
15 a hearing on whether he
would be extradited to South
SEP 1 9 1976
Dakota to face armed riot and
assault charges.
Menominee Tribal Firm
Challenges Vehicle Fees
Journal Madison Bureau
payment of fees for some
Madison, Wis. Another
trucks it owns.
court test of the state's au-
It has asked the court for
thority to tax Indians, Involv-
a judgment declaring that the
ing the payment or motor
state has no jurisdiction to
vehicle registration fees, has
require such payments and to.
been filed in Dane County
order a refund.
Circuit Court.
Several courts are being
Menominee Tribal Enter-
asked to consider tax ques-
prises, Neopit, has claimed in
tions in the wake of a US
the suit that motor vehicle
Supreme Court decision in a
registration fees constitute a
Minnesota case that held that
tax. The firm made, under
Indians on reservations may
protest, a $190.50 quarterly
not be taxed by the state.
19 Pueblo news - august 1976
INKS AIS CONTRACT-Delfin Lovato, Chairman of the All Indian Pueblo Council, right, signs the contract authorizing AIPC to assume
administrative control of the Albuquerque Indian School from the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Other components of AIS are expected to be
transferred to AIPC next year. Watching Lovato is BIA Area Director Ron Escurra. (19 PN Photo)
Bill to repeal condemnation law
FORD LIBEA
19 Pueblo News, August 1976-Page 5
out of committee and nears passage
SENA BILL 217, repealing an outmoded 1926 act governing the
transference of Pueblo lands, has emerged from a Congressional
conference committee in acceptable form to the All Indian Pueblo
Council.
The conference report on the bill will be sent to both the Senate and
House of Representatives where ratification of the report is
considered a formality. Approval there enables the bill to proceed to
the President for his signature, which is anticipated late this month.
S.B. 217 repeals a 1926 act which provided for the condemnation of
Pueblo Indian lands for public purposes. Procedures were governed
by New Mexico statutes. The act, however, did not contain any
provision for compensation.
Railroad companies used the 1926 bill as a loophole to secure
Cont'd.
easements for tracks. The state itself cited the act 12 times as the
basis for obtaining highway rights-of-way and utility easements.
Though subsequent to the 1926 act Congress enacted stricter
regulations on transferring Indian lands and the manners in which
they could be acquired, AIPC contended, however, that the courts
continued its application.
Concerns about the wording of one section of S.B. 217 pertaining to
rights-of-way renewals meant several language changes before the
bill was reported out of the conference committee. The language in
the report now asserts that the Secretary of Interior can renew a right-
of-way without the consent of an affected Pueblo for a period of up to
10 years, but only if it was acquired through proper court action
initiated under the 1926 act prior to January 1, 1975. S.B. 217 would
require adequate compensation for any renewals granted. The
Secretary will determine the fair market value involved in
compensation agreements.
The report also says an existing right-of-way can be renewed if the
owner of the right-of-way and the Pueblo cannot reach an agreement
on the renewal within 90 days after the renewal request was made.
19 Pueblo News. September 1976-Page 3
Northern Pueblo starts library
library. "We showed Cat Ballou; The
Cockeyed Cowboy of Calico County: The
Three Stooges; Abbott & Costello; Genghis
BRIGHT MORNING sunlight filters
looking for, Ben Wakshige, of the University
Kahn; and several cartoons. We usually had
through the window and casts irregular
of New Mexico comes in once a week to help
a full house of children-about 60 to 100
shapes across the desk as Elaine Filbert,
her with all types of library problems.
every night we had movies."
librarian as she starts her day at the new
"Ben helps me with a lot of things that I
"I think that the most popular movie we
Santa Clara tribal library.
don't know," says Elaine. "He showed me
showed was Cat Ballou." Trying to have
"This is really a very interesting job," she
how to use the Dewey Decimal System and
something for all the members of the
says as she leafs through one of the many
how I should set up our small tribal library.
Pueblo, the Senior Citizens were shown the
books she has stacked on her desk. "I
He comes in and stays for the entire day
movies on different days. "They really
thought that this job was only going to be
coaching me on what to do in certain situa-
enjoyed themselves watching the movies,"
part time, but it has turned into a full time
tions."
smiled Elaine.
job."
"Often," she says, "he shows me short-
CHANGING TO more serious topics, she
Working a full eight hour day and some-
cuts on how to do things I thought were
said, "One of the most important things
times even more, Elaine helps young and old
difficult. He knows a lot about libraries."
about the library is to make the children
alike as she goes through the library with
Head librarian since March, she spends
read. A lot of the Pueblo children don't read
them trying to find a book that that partic-
part of her time teaching the children of
ular person would enjoy reading. "Some-
Santa Clara to use the library system-the
times the people come to me with only an
Dewey Decimal System (DDS). DDS is a
too much. With the library I'm hoping that
idea of what the book is about. They describe
system of cross referencing subjects, story
some of them will come in pick up some
the book to me and then I go to work trying
content and author, to help individuals find
books to read.
to find the book or books that I think they
the book they need or are looking for.
"We are like a regular library, we have
would enjoy."
"I've learned about the library from the
reference materials. fiction. non-fiction,
Most of the frequent visitors in the library
bottom up," she said. "I had some trouble
history and all the other subjects that arc
are the smaller children of the village. "A lot
at first finding the books, but now I am
found in a library. We have easy material for
of the children come in just to see the differ-
getting pretty good. Now I am arranging the
the young children and more challenging
ent books we have," she said. "We do have
library and classifying the books that are
material for older children. We have some-
a lot of children of all ages come in to visit
coming in from different companies.
thing for everyone. I just hope now that they
the library. For the younger children we
"I catalog all the books that come in. After
will come in now and start to read."
have some real nice fiction books along with
I catalog them I put them on the shelves.
Guiding the library on its initial course are
the easy reading books. And we do have the
Right now we have about 2200 books, and
Mertin Sisneros, Phylis Gutierrez, Joseph
regular reference materials that all libraries
like the other libraries that you find in the
Abeyta and Amarante Silva. The library
have.
cities, we have check out periods and return
board will make decisions regarding the
"Sometimes some of the children come
periods.
policy of the library and what directions it
into the library and ask me questions that I
"Our regular check out time is for two
should take in the future.
can't remember. I thought I knew a lot about
weeks. A lot of the children bring the book
Helping in the library are Lavirgin Grey
the library, but the children do come up with
back just to make sure that they can check it
and Florence Singer, two senior citizens who
some very difficult questions."
out again in order to finish it."
double as storytellers in the elementary
To help Elaine solve the problems of
Elaine, along with the Pueblo recreational
school and aides in the library. They, along
hunting through the library randomly select-
director, Stanley Tafoya, sponsored several
with Elaine, help the children and adults
ing the books that she thinks the children are
full length movies that were shown in the
who come into the library.
Contid
Discussing the purpose of the library,
Elaine said, "I think that the library will
become more and more widely used. But the
one thing that 1 would like to see is more
men come into the library. There have been
very few men come in and pick up a book.
1 would like to know what they like to read
so that 1 can get it and have them come into
the library. The women and children come in
at regular intervals, but the men are staying
away, and 1 don't know why."
"I just hope that more and more people
begin to use the library. We are going to
have special hours during the winter months
in order to give the people who work an
opportunity to use the library. It's just
something that everyone can take advantage
of."
AIPC contracts
THE ALL INDIAN Pueblo Council has signed a contract with the Bureau of Indian Affairs
to assume administrative control of the Albuquerque Indian School.
The action is the first of an expected series of transfers of AIS components from the
education division of the BIA to AIPC. Other areas hoped to be contracted by AIPC by next
year are the academic, maintenance and pupil personnel service components.
19 Pueblo News, August 1976-Page 6
According to Dr. Willie Alire, director of AIPC education programs, AIPC and BIA
officials agreed on a scope of work to be performed by AIPC once the transfer of AIS
administrative functions is accomplished. Budget negotiations were still underway at press
time, but AIPC was reportedly seeking $500,000 to meet administrative expenses during the
coming fiscal year.
The contract is effective until September 30, 1977 and is renewable, Alire said. He said he
anticipates that AIPC will submit a contract application to BIA for remaining components at
AIS by April, 1977.
AIPC's authority to assume control of AIS is provided in the Indian Self-Determination and
Education Assistance Act which is designed to offer tribes new opportunities for
self-development. A provision of the act allows tribes to assume operation of certain BIA
programs if they choose. The process is called contracting.
Lawmakers refer to the contracting provision as one which gives tribes the most complete
control over programs now administered by the BIA.
ALIRE SAID AIPC envisions new construction at the school, possibly meaning the
renovation of the existing plant at 12th and Menaul or the relocation and construction of a
new campus at another site. AIPC Chairman Del Lovato disclosed several possibilities for a
new location at a recent governor's meeting, including the Southwest Indian Polytechnic
Institute, and the Sandia and Isleta reservations. The latter two sites appear more favorable
than SIPI.
Phase IV of the consultant's study will describe planning procedures for a "permanent"
AIS, Alire said. Phase V will entail plans for continued operation of the school once
construction is complete.
School policies are likely to change but will be recommended to AIPC through the school's
board of education, Alire explained. Policy recommendations will be developed with ample
community input.
To accomplish that, Alire said three "needs assessment teams" are currently visiting each
Pueblo "to explain in depth the situation that now exists and to elicit community input." The
sessions have been very successful to date, he said.
"As a result of identifying the needs," Alire said, "we'll develop a philosophy and the
type of system we want. Then it will be continuous refinement."
Contd.
ALIRE SAID talk of AIPC assuming control of AIS began in early January in light of some
disturbing problems at the school. An AIPC investigation revealed an extremely high
student drop-out rate, numerous incidents of fighting, a large faculty turnover rate and a
high percentage of job vacancies.
In March, Pueblo governors passed a resolution directing the AIPC education staff to
begin exploring the possibilities of AIPC assuming control of AIS. BIA funds were secured
for a feasibility study, Alire said to determine what could be taken over and when those
functions could be assumed.
Phase I of the study, being prepared by Tonnigan and Associates of Albuquerque,
produced the recommendation that AIPC assume control of only the administrative portion of
AIS this year.
Now that AIPC and BIA have inked that contract, 19 administrative positions are vacant
including those of the superintendents and AIPC began advertising for those positions last
week.
Eighty-seven other positions at AIS will remain under the BIA until AIPC assumes control
of the other components. Teaching positions remain under the BIA.
The consultants at this time are engaged in Phase II of the feasibility study which concerns
itself with actual operation of the school, Alire said. Phase III is expected to detail methods of
obtaining technical assistance for operation of AIS during the initial two years of the takeover
by AIPC.
ONE OF THE primary policy decisions facing AIPC deals with admittance criteria. For the
past few years, AIS has been a school for children with social problems, Alire said. In many
cases, students were sent there on referrals.
Development of new criteria will depend largely on the community inupt being sought in
the meetings currently underway.
Alire looks at the implications of developing new admissions criteria and its affect on
students with social problems frankly. "We need to develop a philosophy. We either provide
for them here, or find them an alternative."
AIS currently has a capacity for about 400 students in grades seven through twelve, but
enrollment, because of the high turnover, is about 50% below capacity, Alire said. He said
AIPC envisions capacity level enrollment within several years.
AIPC's decision to assume control of AIS came only after hours of deliberation and
balancing the advantages and disadvantages. Alire stresses that the actual implementation
of AIPC control, "will take time."
Administrative control of the operation is only the first step, but a good one. Alire said,
"We're very happy about the contract. It's the first time we've put the horse before the
cart."
other would make the law applicable only in
criminal cases.
AIPC supports Santa Clara bid
Lovato, acknowledging a struggle ahead,
19 Pueblo News, September 1976-Page 5
stated, "We're in for a two or three year
to fight ruling in Supreme Court
fight on it."
Running down through other current
THE All Indian Pueblo Council is sup-
legislation affecting Indian people, Lovato
porting Santa Clara's bid to challenge in
The United States District Court, however,
said Senate Bill 217 is due for presiden-
U.S. Supreme Court a circuit court of
ruled that Santa Clara could apply its
tial signature shortly if it passes both houses
traditional rules and continue to do so as
appeals ruling that appears to disregard
of Congress as expected. The bill will repeal
traditional laws governing the Pueblo's right
long as they were applied uniformly. fairly
the outmoded Act of 1926 that authorized
to determine membership.
and consistently.
certain Pueblo lands to be condemned for
Pueblo governors assured Santa Clara of
But the Court of Appeals of the Tenth
easements and rights-of-way without any
their support at the August 31 general
Judicial Circuit took a different viewpoint. It
compensation provisions.
meeting of AIPC, the first governors' con-
reversed the lower court ruling, holding that
ference in the new Indian Pueblo Cultural
the membership practice was sex discrim-
Meanwhile, Senate Bill 2652, introduced
ination and that such discrimination was
in 1975 by Sen. Pete Domenici to exempt
Center.
AIPC's action follows a court of appeals
unlawful under the Indian Civil Rights Act
Indian tribes from the Freedom of Informa-
regardless of the traditions in Santa Clara.
tion Act, may not be necessary, Lovato said.
decision which reversed a lower court ruling
Pueblo governors agreed to support Santa
The bill to date has been held up partly by
that essentially recognized Santa Clara's
Clara's attempts to have the matter settled
a lawsuit filed by the State of New Mexico
right to determine its membership. The
matter stems from a lawsuit filed against the
in Supreme Court and are seeking an amicus
against the Secretary of the Interior for the
curlae standing to aid Santa Clara.
Interior Department's failure to comply with
Pueblo by Julia Martinez, Santa Clara,
IN OTHER MATTERS. AIPC Chairman
the state's request to divulge information
whose children are allegedly denied certain
regarding the water rights of seven New
rights such as interests in land or housing
Delfin Lovato, said a bill prohibiting any
Mexico Indian reservations. The state was
because their father, a full-blooded Navajo,
adverse effects on Indian sovereignty by
is non-Santa Clara. The tribal membership
Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 will
seeking. from the United States Geological
Survey, certain information on lands within
ordinance states that if a Santa Clara woman
likely be introduced in Congress after the
the Nambe. Pojoaque, San Ildefonso, Tesu-
marries a non-Santa Clara, their children are
general elections in November.
He said he could afford one of two
que, the Jicarilla Apache, Mescalero Apache
non-Santa Clara.
and Navajo reservations.
Martinez contends that the policy is
possibilities. One would allow tribes, by a
AIPC has contended that even though the
discrimination on the basis of sex and is a
consent vote, to determine for themselves
violation of the Indian Civil Rights Act of
whether they will fall under the act. The
Freedom of Information Act specifies that
any federally-funded program or study is
1968.
Cont's
subje
scrutiny, Indian matters
should be exempt because of the trust
relationship between the Indians and federal
government.
At this point, it was reported, however,
legal research indicates that an amendment
to the act will not be necessary and that the
act, as it now exists, would in no way force
the Interior Department to disclose the
information.
Lovato said Senate Bill 2399, amending
the Comprehensive Employment Training
Act, is in the House of Representatives at
this time. The bill would enable Title I funds,
like Title II, III and VI to flow directly to
Indian tribes rather than through the state
government. The current process creates
funding problems because of inaccurate
population figures that are used in filtering
the funds through another party.
HOUSE BILL 2525, providing scholarship
and training funds in the Indian Health
Service, is ready for the President's sig-
nature. Lovato said he is "99 percent sure"
the President will ink the bill.
A year after Pueblo governors voted to
EXHIBIT 105
EXHIBIT 107
turn over Johnson O'Malley accounting
operations to AIPC, the question was raised
about the effect of the transfer and concern
106
expressed that the vote was taken without
EXHIBIT
COLLECTOR'S
104
ROOM
proper consultation with local Indian Educa-
tion Committees and the board of regents.
Responding to questions, Lovato said
AIPC took over accounting operations to see
EXHIBIT
PUEBLO
that funds are "spent according to the
103
ROOM
19 Pueblo News, September 1976-Page 2
budgets" submitted by the IECs and
PLAZA
approved by the board of regents. He
emphasized that AIPC does not have any
EXHIBIT
budget control, "only a bookkeeping func-
WE/VING
102
ROOM
tion." He also noted that AIPC does not
collect a "single penny" from the JOM
budget for administrative costs, but that
those costs are absorbed through the BIA's
EXHIBIT
JEWELRY
101
ROOM
administrative budget.
Lovato also said that before Pueblo
governors passed the resolution making the
transfer, all IECs and board members were
consulted.
THEATER
RESTAURANT
FOYER
there
ABOVE IS the basic floor plan of the IPCC's lower level. The second story floor houses
various offices.
IPCC opening ends a dream but
only the start of new directions
IT WASN'T more than nine years ago
Montoya, then governor of Sandia Pueblo,
when the federal government took a look at a
instigated a movement to secure the land for
small piece of land at the corner of 12th and
use by the Puebio Indians. Today the 11.6
Menaul in Albuquerque. Owned by the
acre parcel is the smallest Indian reservation
Albuquerque Indian School, AIS had decid-
in the country. But it is also the site of one of
ed it no longer needed it and the tract was
the largest Indian exhibition complexes in
designated for disposal by the Department
the world-the Indian Pueblo Cultural
of the Interior as "surplus land."
Center.
That was before a man named Domingo
Indian leaders, government dignitaries
and over 3,000 visitors were on hand under a
hot sun August 28 for the formal dedication
of the center, referred to as "a dream come
Conto
true." Following opening statements by
jewelry, pottery and other artifacts from
master of ceremonies Delfin Lovato, chair-
each Peublo.
man of the All Indian Pueblo Council,
On the ground floor is a large retail
Senators Joseph Montoya and Pete Domen-
market; upstairs are offices for the IPCC, the
ici addressed gatherers, as well as other
AIPC, the Friends of the IPCC, plus lease
noted figures. Montoya, in particular,
space for related businesses.
played a vital role in securing funds for
The leg of the "D" contains a 200-seat
development of the $2.1 million complex.
auditorium and the Indian Oven restaurant
Gov. Jerry Apodaca, who was unable to be
which specializes in Pueblo Indian-style
present during the ceremonies, was treated
food. The lower level will house the
to a full tour of the facility later in the day.
museum's maior exhibits, a library and
That morning, Archbishop Sanchez ad-
media center, storage and work areas, and
ministered a formal Church blessing of the
the wholesale outlet for the Zuni Craftsmen
center following a private Indian ceremony.
Cooperative Assn.
Throughout the day in the lot north of the
In the semi-circle of the complex is the
main cultural building, Pueblo artisans from
plaza which serves as the scene for
all over New Mexico displayed many of their
traditional Pueblo dances and other events.
arts and crafts. The evening feature was a
Under the portals lining the walls of the
traditional Pueblo feast.
curved building is space for craftsmen to
The IPCC indeed spells the end of a long
spread their wares, creating an open market
dream for the Pueblo people but only the
for visitors.
start of a campaign to impart to the public
The IPCC is the largest Indian owned and
through its exhibits, arts and crafts the many
operated museum in the world and is
facets of Pueblo culture. William Weahkee,
destined to become one of the most
center director, explained it this way: "The
significant centers of its kind by offering
Pueblos are by nature a very private people.
both arts and crafts to the visitor and an
We want to communicate our lifestyle and
ongoing educational program about the
we want to sell our wares, but we really
Pueblos.
don't want our Pueblos-which are in
The museum is open Tuesday through
essence our homes-overrun with tourists.
Sunday. The museum and arts and crafts
"This way we can bring our culture and
shops are open from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. while
goods to a central location, making it easier
the restaurant is open from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m.
for the visitor and us," he added.
and 5 p.m. to 9 p.m. Admission is $1.00 for
The center actually consists of a 49,000
adults and 50 cents for children.
square foot "D" shaped building and plaza
in addition to a 1,000 square foot replica of
an adobe house. The two-story crescent
shaped part of the main building contains
seven exhibit halls of paintings, textiles,
19 Pueblo News. August 1976-Page 11
PCDP-parents are
By MICHAEL J. HARTRANFT
A RECENT SURVEY of Acoma school
children revealed that many were below
educators
grade levels in a variety of subjects including
that parents will recognize their role as
math, reading and language. Further
studies indicated that most of the students
Education assessments suggest that part
educators and view education as something
below grade levels were faring poorly
of the reason for the school "unreadiness"
encompassing all of life's experiences and
observed in Acoma children stems from
not jsut something they send their children
because they were "not ready for school."
Preparing children for formal schooling is
what professionals call "the internalization
away to school for.
a primary objective of both Headstart and
of low self-concepts" by the time they reach
"WE WANT to educate parents to
kindergarten, but Acoma has gone a step
the school rediness level, in large part
interact with their children at early ages,"
further with special program for youngsters
caused by frustrating school experiences.
Vicente said. "Previously we always de-
up to four years old that helps parents
In addition, educators believe that the
pended on the school to provide education
recognize that they, too, have an important
Acoma concept of education is divorced from
and not necessarily the home. We want
and primary role in their children's educa-
family and community experiences due to its
parents to realize that everything in the
tion.
absence in the native cognitive system. The
home is some kind of learning tool."
The program, called Parent-Child Devel-
result is that education is seen as an external
Several components comprise PCDP. Vi-
opment (PCDP), is one of two federally-
non-Acoma element of life and is separated
cente said, all of which involve parents in
supported pilot projects of its type in the
from Acoma culture.
significant ways: family day care for children
United States, according to Lloyd Vicente.
PCDP believes that to help children
up to two and a half years old; two day care
program director. (The other project is
develop socially, emotionally and intellect-
centers for youngsters two and a half to four
located in Choctaw. Miss.) Created in 1973,
ually motivated learning abilities, their
years old; and home base projects. an
PCDP is recommended to become part of the
self-concepts must be boosted at early
alternative program for children up to four
BIA educational program in 1978.
stages in their growth. Its approach is to
years old.
emphasize Acoma culture first. The hope is
In each component, parents are offered as
many opportunities as possible to take
cont d.
leadership and teaching positions. They are
The Seattle Daily Timen
D. I. 306.612
SEP 12 1976
Indian Center
seeks foster parents
By TERESA CHEBUHAR
The Seattle Indian Center has be-
gun an intensive drive to recruit
American Indian foster-care par-
ents to curb the number of Indian
children in white foster-care homes
in Washington State.
Indian leaders are concerned that
the children in the white foster
homes will lose their Indian heri-
tage and face major psychological
problems when they become teen-
agers.
There are only 162 licensed Indian
foster homes here and there were
more than 1,000 Indian children in
foster care at the end of July, ac-
cording to Donald C. Milligan of the
Indian Desk, Department of Social
and Health Services.
Last year, 30 Indian children
were placed in adoptive homes.
Five Indian children were adopted
by their white foster parents.
Indian tribe leaders and the rep-
resentatives of D.S.H.S. have been
meeting for the past three years to
work out differences concerning the
placement of Indian children In fos-
ter care.
AFTER RECENT public hear-
ings, the Washington Administra-
tive Code is expected to be changed
soon to outline a specific preference
for the placement of Indian children
in Indian foster homes.
"The Indians aren't totally satis-
fied, but it will provide some pro-
Tom Jones sat in front of a Glen Eaglespeaker
tection for Indian children," ac-
cording to Milligan.
picture at the Seattle Indian Center.
"We're losing track of our kids,"
where Indian children have been
said Tom Jones, supervisor of the
"We can prevent a lot of prob-
foster-care pregram at the Seattle
placed in white family-foster care
lems by simply giving the Indian
and the Indian parents subsequent-
mother satisfaction that her chil-
Indian Center.
ly lost track of the child.
dren are being placed in Indian
The center has been granted a 11-
"Sometimes they had no way of
homes," he added.
cense by D.S.H.S. to license Indian
knowing whether or not they (In-
foster homes.
dian parents) ever would get their
"WHAT IS HAPPENING is that
In the past there have been cases
children back," Jones said.
foster parents are starting to lose
Cont'd
participate in activities,
skills and good strong concepts," Simon
develop and lead programs and offer advice
said. "They're forming a sense of 'who am
Materials are furnished parents free of
in an extensive list of areas ranging from
I.' We try to give them a real strong
charge.
playgrounds to native foods to child rearing.
self-image."
Vicente believes that persons involved in
Furthermore, PCDP offers parents a
The day care centers, Vicente noted, are
PCDP have been "real satisfied" though the
number of workshops in areas of nutrition,
staffed by seven teachers and trainees, most
early going was rough. "It took a while," he
child development, native child rearing and
of whom are parents from the Acoma area.
said. "There was an attitude of 'wait and see
discipline, and how to find and obtain
The Acomita center has an enrollment of
what happens.
various services. To aid parents, PCDP has
about 25 children while McCarty's lists
One of the program's strongest supporters
developed a community services directory.
about 15 on its rolls.
is Gov. Merle Garcia. "I've always told
Through its health coordinator PCDP can
Rebecca Lucario, a teacher trainer at
everyone that this is the governor's pet
apprise parents of what types of medical
Acomita, said both centers are operated
project. It's shown that a contract of this
services are available as well as provide a
roughly the same, which, for one thing,
nature could be run by our own people and
family education program in matters of first
means the children are treated to breakfast,
make a go of it," Garcia said.
aid and environmental health.
lunch and a mid-afternoon snack each day.
"I'M VERY HAPPY with the program and
As a general rule parents are invited to
She said the PCDP staff attempts to
that I was involved with it and 1 will back up
attend all staff training sessions of PCDP.
familiarize the children with colors, names
and numbers. The association of names with
all their needs and requests and keep it
Vicente said the PCDP staff is attempting
going.
to establish a natural progression of partici-
persons and objects, she said, is particularly
"I do know a lot of our people don't know
pation in the program. It is hoped PCDP can
stressed.
its function or its purpose and tend to belittle
become part of a chain of education: from
EACH CENTER has a native resource
it, but once you sit here (in the governor's
the family day care program and home base
area, Lucario said, as well as a resource
chair) you find out. I wish we would have
projects to the day care centers to Headstart
more interested people," he added. "Maybe
on up. In many ways, PCDP can be
person who teaches the children the Acoma
the people (involved in the program) don't
considered a "head-Headstart."
dialect. "We speak to them in both
know it, but they've been getting pats on teh
Vicente explained that the family day care
languages (English and Keresen dialect),"
back for it."
program affords working parents and their
she said, "but we don't try to drown either
Overall, Vicente said the program involves
children an opportunity to participate in
one of them. We try to help the children get
about 90 children. He said PCDP intends to
PCDP. The children are taken to the homes
better understanding by language."
hike that figure to 100. Currently PCDP is
of specially selected "day care mothers,"
The children have been on a number of
attempting to establish a follow through
who are generally close friends or relatives
field trips including jaunts to Grants, the
program to sample the total success of the
of the family, Vicente said. There's a limit of
Albuquerque airport and ZOO and the Acoma
operation, As with many other projects.
four children per home.
"waterhole." PCDP staffers regularly read
funding drawbacks pose the only real
A school bus laden with toys visits the
stories to the children. Sometimes the
problem faced by PCDP. Vicente said, and
homes twice a month enabling the children
youngsters play with puzzles which depict
has somewhat curtailed facility develop-
to select their favorites on a take-out basis.
Indian life. Other times they paint or play
ment. Administrative offices and the two day
Day care mothers also have access to many
"dress-up" in a special "housekeeping"
care centers face immediate space short-
reading materials.
area.
ages.
An outreach coordinator frequently drops
Some fundamental rules of personal
Despite those problems, PCDP is looking
by each participating home to offer technical
hygiene are not overlooked. Lucario noted
ahead to its future. It could hold the key to
advice. Natural parents are kept abreast of
that the children are reminded to brush their
the beginning of success for hundreds of
program developments by PCDP's montly
teeth after every meal. Even rest isn't
Acoma school children. But the real key-
workshops.
forgotten as an after noon nap is generally
makers are those parents who are making
THERE IS no planned curriculum, ex-
scheduled every day.
committments to their children by recogniz-
plained Lois Waconda, of Outreach. Family
As with other aspects of PCDP, parents
ing their roles as primary educators and by
day care simply gives children a lot of help
are always welcome to visit the center or to
contributing to a program designed to meet
and opportunity for the type of interaction
offer suggestions or criticisms. A visit would
that need. The children are only winners.
PCDP seeks to establish good learning
likely please parents for their children's
abilities. As one person observed, at PCDP
tidiness. "They're really good at cleaning up
ages (18 months to four years), "everything
after themselves," Lucario said. "That's
is a learning experience."
one of the few rules we have here."
Acoma has day care centers in Acomita
The third component of PCDP is the home
and McCartys, both of which are converted
base project which gives parents who aren't
houses. Parents are generally responsible
working, or don't wish to send their children
for their children's transportation though a
to either the family day care and day care
school bus serves those who cannot get to
centers, a chance to develop the same
the daily sessions any other way."
interaction with their children but in the
Teacher aide Sandra Simon said the day
closer confines of home.
care centers "give them (the children) the
THE HOME BASE portion of PCDP uses a
chance to be with a group of kids in a rich
technique called the verbal interaction
learning environment."
program that allows children to participate
One goal. she said, is to develop the
in activities designed to arouse curiosity and
children's sense of independence. PCDP
to serve an energy outlets. Trained toy
staffs make sure they let the children do "a
demonstrators issue educational toys and
lot of self-selecting of toys and games."
books to participating homes which the
"We try to develop a lot of pre-reading
children may keep permanently. The demon-
strators model various interaction methods
focused around the toys and books for the
children's mothers to use. The sessions are
held twice a week with each family.
sight
: of being able to
tween the traditional white family
lifestyle and that of the Indian
coming licensed foster homes
give up the foster child at a mo-
ments notice," Milligan believes.
which he characterized as "large
should contact Jones or Betty John
at the Seattle Indian Center.
"It is a temporary service de-,
extended families."
signed to return the child back
At the same time, Indian families
home."
have been reluctant to be licensed
The courts and caseworkers are
by D.S.H.S. In the past the Indian
making "a big thing of moving chil-
families felt they could not meet the
dren," Milligan said. It is their feel-
white standards for foster carc, ac-
ing that a child is psychologically
cording to Jones.
harmed if he has spent several
"From what Indian people have
months in a home and then is ab-
told us," said Sally Hopkins
ruptly moved.
D.S.H.S. adoption specialist, "In-
"It's overplayed, I think," Milli-
dians are fearful of approaching a
gan said.
state agency."
"Regardless of the culture they
NOW THERE are local tribe wel-
(Indian foster children) do all right
fare committees and a, state level
until their pre-teen crisis when they
Indian advisory committee.
start dating. That's when It hits the
family," Milligan continued.
The local Indian child-welfare ad-
Because the courts and casework-
visory committees will review the
ers don't usually have any. reason
cases of Indian children to be
to follow an Indian child adopted by
placed in foster care.
a white family, they do not seetthat
"This will provide some advocacy
the test of adoption is when the In-
for the child," Milligan believes.
dian is 25 or 30 years old, he said.
Jones thinks it will also be a way
"Indians need to know what res-
to monitor where the children are
ervation they are from and what
placed so they won't "get lost in the
Bureau of Indian Affairs benefits
state's paper prison."
they are eligible for," Jones said.
What it boils down to, Jones said,
"There are a lot of things that
is "We like to take care of our own
white foster parents don't plug their
and think we can do a better job
foster children into for which they
if we can find Indian foster homes."
are eligible," he added.
Indian families interested in be-
"We have been looking first at a
relative of that Indian child and the
last resort would be a white home,"
Deputy chief hopeful
said Barry Fibel, D.S.H.S. foster-
care specialist.
Tulsan James Gordon to
HE SAID THE department has
been functioning under an informal
agreement with the Indian tribes to
always try to find an Indian family
seek Cherokee tribal post
before having to place the child in a
white home.
Tulsan James L. Gordon announced
However, Fibel admitted that in
today he will run for deputy chief of
the past Indian families have had
the Cherokee Nation at the head of a
difficulty being licensed because of
some ideological differences be-
slate of 15 council candidates.
The all-mail balloting deadline will
be Oct. 23 and election results will be
announced Nov. 13.
Gordon, who finished second last
year to Ross Swimmer in the race for
principal chief. retired in 1973 as chief
executive officer for a five-state region
The Gurba Crimure
of the Indian Health Service. He is five-
eights Cherokee.
TULSA. OKLA.
Gordon led Swimmer in Oklahoma.
D. 79,425
but lost in absentee balloting. Since
then he has been active in formation of
an organization known as "Cherokees
SEP 1 7 1976
for Responsible Government." a group
concerned about heavy financial losses
of the Cherokee Nation in recent years.
mostly in construction ventures and
operation of the Tsa-La-Gi Inn at Tah-
lequah.
JAMES L. GORDON
GORDON IS the second Tulsan to an-
nounce for the post. Tulsa County
Cherokee candidate
Sheriff Dave Faulkner began his cam-
paign for the job Sept. 3. The position
is a part-time duty, requiring two or
three meetings monthly.
Cont'd.
bed matter, for which the Cherokees
may soon get a settlement of more
than $100 million. the slate will support
The Cherokees for Responsible Gov-
the will of the Cherokee people on the
ernment slate of council candidates
matter of per-capita payment. Chief
running with Gordon is composed of
Swimmer has said most of the money
the following:
should be invested for general tribal
Paul B. Thomas. state parole officer
from Pryor; George Underwood, Tulsa
benefits instead of being distributed on
lawyer and certified public accountant:
a per capita basis.
Agnes Cowen, Cherokee Nation bilingual
Swimmer is expected to support his
education program employe from Well-
own slate of candidates for the council.
ing: Houston Johnson, retired Tulsa
He appointed a non-elected council of
County deputy sheriff from Bixby; Ben
15 earlier this year and many of those
Shoemake, Claremore and Tulsa indus-
are expected to seek election.
trial equipment inspector.
Betty Thompson, Ketchum real es-
tate broker; Jack Sparkman, Muldrow
businessman: George Wickliffe, prin-
cipal of Catoosa middle school and also
a 1975 candidate for chief; Leslie
Smith, Stilwell minister.
Ramona Williams, Stilwell social
That
worker; Allison (Rabbit) England, re-
tired Muskogee public works employe;
D.
John G. Chopper, Claremore Indian
Health Service employe; Buddy
McCarty, Tahlequah clothing store
SEP
18
1976
owner: Sam Ed Bush, tribal bilingual
program employe from Marble City;
Joshua L. Downing, Midwest City pos-
tal worker.
MINORITY VOICES
Gordon said he and the slate are
pledged to provide a check and balance
system against what has been a "one-
Indians Lead U.S.
man rule" by the chief in the past.
He noted that in the Arkansas River
In School Dropouts
By
JOAN
LA
FRANCE
federally-recognized tribes.
As a result of the act, Indian educa-
In 1972 Congress passed the Elemen-
tion programs have multiplied through-
tary and Secondary School Act. Title IV
out the country, and Indian citizens are
of the act provided a revolutionary and
becoming active in their local school
comprehensive program for Indian edu-
districts. However, this creative and en-
cation.
ergizing growth in Indian education is
Prior to the era of Title IV. money
being jeopardized by a significant con-
for Indian education was channeled pri-
gressional cut-back in appropriations to
marily through the Bureau of Indian
Title IV programs.
Affairs (BIA) and through Johnson
In fiscal year 1976-77 $57.055 million was
O'Malley programs which provide mon-
appropriated to Title IV programs. The
ey to schools serving Indians living on
appropriation for 1977-78 is $44,933 million.
reservations. Neither Johnson O'Malley
Those programs operating within school
or BIA programs provide many opportu-
districts will face a 26 per cent cut-back
nities for Indians to control the educa-
in funds, and programs operated by
tional programs, and both limit services
tribal groups and Indian organizations
to federally-recognized tribal people liv-
will be cut by 16 per cent.
ing on or adjacent to reservations. The
Title IV legislation greatly increases the
voice of Indian people in their own edu-
Locally, many school districts in the
cation and broadens service to Indian
children who live in urban and rural
King-Snohomish County area are benefit-
ing from Title IV. Grants have been
non-reservation areas.
awarded to Seattle. Lake Washington,
The impact of Title IV is just being
Northshore, Edmonds, Everett, Highline,
realized. The law created the Office of
Federal Way, Kent, Auburn, Renton and
Indian Education under the Office of
Education in HEW and provides for a
Issaquah school districts. Kitsap County
schools also enjoy Title IV programs.
National Advisory Council or Indian Ed-
A review of these programs revealed
ucation. All school districts who apply
the following: The highest percentage of
for money under Title IV are required
to have Indian parent approval of their
these programs are working in raising
the basic academic skills of Indian stu-
programs. The law allows tribal govern-
dents. Many programs are working on
ments and Indian organizations to devel-
improved self-image and drop-out pre-
op and administer their own educational
vention. Counseling and tutoring is given
programs. The act also provides special
high priority. Many programs are devel-
funding for adult basic education pro-
oping curriculum and providing for ca-
grams. Title IV expands the definition
reer awareness.
of "Indian" to include urban residents
and Indians who are not members of
Contd
These programs are operating in dis-
tricts that are facing funding difficulties
due to the recent levy failures. There is
Thirann Trilume
no way the Indian programs can look to
district support if the federal dollars are
THE WORLD'S GREATEST
NEWSPAPER
cut.
Historically, Indians have been poorly
D. 767,793 SUN 1016,275
served by education. We lead the nation
in drop-out rates and among adult Indi-
ans the average school completion is
SEP
17
only seventh grade. Yet Indians place a
1976
high value on the need for better educa-
tion to improve the quality of life for
the Indian people.
Title IV programs have provided
hope that more and more Indian chil-
Indian has two
dren will complete high school and more
will enter college or sound career devel-
opment programs. For this reason. we
have been writing many letters to con-
gressional representatives requesting an
increase in Title IV appropriations. I
schools:
would invite our non-Indian friends to
support us and help us in this important
cause.
There is a good chance that we can
convince Congress to increase the appro-
White man's
priations if it gets many requests from
the communities served by Title IV. If
you wish to help. write letters to Con-
gressman Sidney Yates, 1427 Longworth
House Office Building, Washington, D.C.
20510. Representative Yates chairs the
-and Nature
House Interior Appropriations Subcom-
mittee.
Letters should stress the value of
Title IV programs and the need to fund
Given a choice, virtually any
them at least at the same level as in
American child would jump at
1976. Letters also could be sent to the
the chance to grow up like Indi-
Washington congressional delegation.
an children do on the reserva-
tion. Most Indian families own
at least one horse, and the chil-
dren learn to ride at a very
early age.
Indians revere children. They
allow them the greatest latitude
in exploring the wide-open
spaces and the stark beauty of
the reservations. The young-
sters soon learn to live in and
love nature, a trait they carry
into adulthood, when Indians
express a deep reverence for
their land.
But the reservations have
their drawbacks, too, for Indian
children. Offspring of remote
farmers and herders often must
leave home at a very early age
in order to attend boarding
school. Those lucky enough to
live near the reservation towns
and schools, must still rise ear-
ly in the country mornings for a
long, bumpy, dusty bus ride to
the schoolhouse, and make the
same trip home in the even-
ings.
The quality of Indian schools
has risen markedly in the last
several years. More and more
schools are opening on the res-
ervations so children don't have
to leave home, and there is a
corresponding decline in the en-
rollment of government-run
boarding schools.
Descret Nows
SALCIARE CITY, JTAH
D
SEP 13 1976
Navajo spoken at polls
By Janet Wilcox
The burden of explaining the ballots to Indian
Deseret News correspondent
voters will fall upon the election judges. Volunteer
interpreters will not be used.
BLANDING, San Juan County Election judges
who can speak Navajo will be on duty to help Indian
Terry Hunt, Democratic committeeman and
voters at polling places in southern San Juan County.
former county chairman, said it was difficult to find
non-partisan interpreters.
Betty Vigil, an election judge at Bluff, said
interpreters can help because about half the voters
Another problem with interpreters who are not
who come in need the ballot explained in Navajo.
election judges is the feeling by some citizens that
they are telling the Indians how to vote.
The ballots will be in English, which many of the
Navajo voters can't read.
Not all areas provide bilingual judges.
At the last election involving a bond issue on
Blanding has many Navajo residents, but no
schools for the reservation, the ballots were printed
election judges who speak the language. The county
in English and Navajo, but that experiment has been
clerk said no requests have been made to have such
dropped.
judges there.
"No one could read it anyway," said Clytie
Hunt said it would help to have small pictures of
Barber, San Juan County clerk.
candidates alongside their names.
Officials estimate that only five or six persons in
"Most Navajos are acquainted with people, at
the entire county are able to read the complicated
least the way they look, even though they might not
language - and all of them read English better.
be able to read their names," he said.
Inheritance awaits
missing Alaskans
About 120 members of the
22 foreign countries are cur-
largest group of missing
rently sharing in the inheri-
heirs in the history of this
tance. An estimated 10,000
country are believed living
more are still being sought.
in Colorado.
The original Settlement
They are the Alaska In-
Act said that, in order to
dians. Eskimos and Aleuts
share in the benefits, any-
who have not registered for
one who was at least one-
their shares of the 40 mil-
quarter Alaska Indian,
lion acre, billion-dollar in-
Eskimo or Aleut, and a U.S.
Rocky Mountain News
heritance granted to them
citizen, had to have their
by Congress in the Alaska
name entered on the Alaska
DENVER COLO.
Claims Settlement Act of
Native roll. Earlier this
D. 214,490 SUN, 236,903
1971.
year, Congress amended
According to the office of
the Act to open the rolls for
Alaska Native Enrollment
one more year.
at Anchorage, 265 other
People who wish to sub-
SEP 23 1976
Alaska natives living in 40
mit applications during this
different Colorado com-
final enrollment period
munities have already
must do SO by Jan. 2. Appli-
registered and received
cations may be obtained
from the Alaska Native En-
shares of the cash settle-
ment and stock in the busi-
rollment office, Pouch 7-
ness corporations set up to
1971, Anchorage, Alaska,
99510.
manage the native lands
There are no offices in
and monies.
Denver or Colorado from
More than 78,000 Alaska
which to obtain applications
natives living in every state
or further information, offi-
in the union and in at least
cials said.
The
Oregoning
PORTLAND, OREGON
D. 245,132 SUN. 407,136
SEP 20 1976
Tribime
Local Indian
MINNI APOUS MINN.
D. 240.275 SUN. 674,302
leaders laud
SEP 14 1976
All's role
Indian
Two Portland Indian leaders who
believe the Indian cause can best be
served by working with "the system"
father's
gave credit Sunday to the American In-
dian Movement (AIM) for bringing the
problems of American Indians to world-
death suit
wide attention.
Reacting to a report by the Senate
internal security subcommittee that
dismissed
called AIM "a frankly revolutionary
organization which is committed to vio-
lence" were Charlie Johnson, former
"They proved to the world that we
A federal judge has dismissed a
director of the Urban Indian Center
are a minority that continues to be op-
$500,000 lawsuit filed by the fa-
who is working privately to promote
pressed," said Curley.
ther of a 15-year-old Indian youth
various Indian causes, and Lowell Cur-
The Urban Indian Council leader
who was shot to death three
ley, head of the Portland Urban Indian
said he felt AIM "has pretty well run its
years ago by a policeman of the
Council.
course."
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) on
"I would have been disappointed if
"Our job now is to help the 10,000
the Red Lake Reservation.
the subcommittee's report, prompted by
Indians who live in the Portland area.
the FBI, would be anything but what it
Our way is to work within the system.
U.S. District Judge Earl Larson
ruled that the Indian officer,
was. Any time a minority wishes to
We are not railing against the system.
James Bailey, fired the fatal shot
express some sort of self-determination
We have learned to deal with life," Cur-
at Brian Desjarlait because the
the FBI and other conservative groups
ley said.
policeman was "in fear of his
are going to call It revolutionary and
Another local leader, John Talley,
life."
associated with Communists. All you
who in the past has associated himself
have to do is look at how the FBI react-
with AIM work, but who said he was
The judge accepted Bailey's trial
ed to the work of Martin Luther King."
not speaking for the organization, said
testimony that he fired in self-
said Johnson.
the subcommittee's description of AIM
defense when the youth ran to-
AIM's work has not always been
as "revolutionary" is true to the extent
ward the officer pointing a shot-
supported by every Indian organization
that a "revolutionary" is a person who
gun at him and ignoring his order
In the country, but no Indian can dis-
seeks change.
to drop the gun. The incident
credit what AIM accomplished in focus-
Talley said the local AIM organiza-
occurred before dawn on Nov. 25,
ing worldwide attention on Indian
tion is inactive although "there are peo-
1972, as BIA officers searched for
problems that continue to exist, said
pie who consider themselves AIM sup-
juveniles who allegedly shot at a
Curley.
porters."
house and exchanged gunfire
with police.
Some Indians on the northern
Minnesota reservation reacted an-
grily, claiming that police "plant-
ed" the shotgun on the youth's
body and failed to provide prompt
medical attention.
The lawsuit, filed by Leo Desjar-
lait, charged that the shooting
resulted from negligence, that the
victim's civil rights were violated
and that officers conspired to
"harrass and Intimidate" the vic-
tim's family.
December
News
THE MINNEAPOLIS
STAR
UTAH
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
D. 253,491
SEP 17 1976
SEP 14 1976
Ritter blocks
World church group
gives AIM $15,000
Ute code ruling
from anti-racism fund
The American Indian Movement
U.S. District Court Chief Judge Willis W. Ritter
(AIM) has been given $15,000 by
has delayed enforcement of a Utah Supreme Court
the program to combat racism of
ruling in a battle over legal jurisdiction on the Ute
the World Council of Churches
Indian Reservation.
(WCC).
The ruling will remain in effect until a federal
Dr. Cynthia Wedeli, a WCC
suit is settled. The suit was filed a year ago by the Ute
Tribe in support of its new "Law and Order Code,"
president here to attend the Epis-
which has been the target of bitter opposition by
copal General Convention, pres-
residents of the area.
ented the check to Vernon Belle-
court, AIM field director, who
Ritter's order prohibits the state, the cities of
accepted it in behalf of AIM's
Roosevelt and Duchesne, and Duchesne and County
national council.
from enforcing a Utah Supreme Court decision that in
effect extended state jurisdiction onto the reserva-
Bellecourt said the money will
tion.
be used principally in outreach
work with young people who are
The decision, filed Aug. 17, gave a Uintah County
man $28,000 in damages following a traffic accident
in courts or other crisis situations
and for education.
involving a Ute Indian. The defendant, Ramon R.
Appawora, Randlett, contended the state court
It was the second $15,000 grant
lacked jurisdiction over him in the case.
AIM has received from the anti- /
racism program of the WCC.
The attorney for the Ute Tribe, F. Burton
Howard, filed a motion before Ritter asking that the
Utah Supreme Court decision be overturned. He told
the federal judge the state's highest court
"improperly and without justification ruled on the
very issues pending before this court."
Howard's federal suit, filed long before the Utah
Supreme Court decision in the accident case, charged
that Duchesne County officials have stated public ly
that they will ignore or defy the Ute Code and have
THE MIAMI NEWS
encouraged others to do so.
The suit asked for a court order to prohibit the
defendants from interfering with enforcement of the
III
code.
Ritter's decision does not overturn the state court
decision. It only prevents enforcement of it until the
SEP 27 1976
question of the code's validity is decided.
Howard said today a trial date will be set soon for
his suit
Countersuit asks:
Are they Indians?
MASHPEE, Mass. - The
Wampanoag Indian tribe has
filed a lawsuit that is blocking
many real estate deals on Cape
Cod, but now two defendants
are asking if the Wampanoags
are still Indians. The point may
be crucial in a lawsuit that
seeks to recover about 16,000
acres of land in the towns of
Mashpee and Sandwich. New
Seabury Corp. and Greenwood
Development Corp. claim the
tribe evolved into a mixed race
because of intermarriage with
blacks and mulattos, losing
legal status as a formal tribe by
the late 18th century.
OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA.
OKLAHOMA JOURNAL
DAILY 62,000
SEP 19 1976
Indian legend entitled, "Origin of the Kiowa Flute," told by
Ida Botone Kaubin 'Mrs. Frank Kaubin) when she was 13 years
Tonekei
old at Riverside Indian School at Anadarko:
In the days not so long ago when Kiowa youth sought a mate
he would go to a place near her tepee in the dust and play love
songs to her on a cedar flute.
According to Leiurance, the composer of Indian songs, the
Speaks
Kiowa flute has the loveliest tone of any of the flutes made by
so-called uncivilized" peoples. My grandfather, Delos Lonewolf,
who was the great chief of the Kiowa told me this story of how
the Kiowa flute came to be made:
Long, long ago before the white men came, the Kiowa roamed
the region of the Black Hills just east of the great western moun-
Toneket
tain.
One day, Poor Boy, a young man who was lonesome and un-
Native American Awareness Week,
happy because he had not many friends and could not win the
Oct. 10-Oct. 15, 1976
girl he loved, wandered far from camp trying to forget his
Central theme of Native American Awareness Week is to
loneliness and when evening time overtook him he lost his way.
spotlight the impressive collection of Native American talent
He wandered about until at last tired and hungry and sleepy,
and contributions to society that present the greatest growth
he sought shelter beneath the friendly branches of a cedar tree.
and self-determination that has ever been assembled in the 200
He was lulled to sleep by the whispers of the night wind through
years of our country's Bicentennial heritage.
the cedar branches. It seemed to play a song sweet and low.
Among this collection of talent are current figures who have
During the night a storm came up and the rush of wind
made notable contributions in education, law, medicine, art,
through the cedar branches made a song, tempestuous and
military, science, literature, etc., which further emphasize how
troubled but beautiful, a storm song, thought the young man -
Native Americans are helping others as well as developing their
like the storm in his heart.
own potential.
Then a flash of lightning struck the tree, tearing off one of
This officially proclaimed week also gives the opportunity to
the limbs and stunning the boy.
focus national attention on the many positive contributions
When dawn came, Poor Boy awakened and through his mind
made to society by Native Americans and to more realistically
kept running the music he had heard.
portray the true image of the Native American in this great seg-
He picked up the torn limb and said to himself, "Perhaps
ment of modern America. Gov. David Boren has issued the
there is some way that I can get this limb to sing the music for
follow:
me."
Proclamation
He had seen the old men make whistles, 80 with his hunting
WHEREAS few non-Indian people today recognize the vast
knife, he began to work on the cedar branch in a similar way. He
contributions made by Native Americans to many and varied
noticed that there were six holes in a straight row in the branch
professions and occupations, and
where some dead twigs had fallen off. These he dug out and
WHEREAS there is a strong and renewed interest in the self-
then smoothed the outside of the branch; then hollowed it out
preservation of all aspects of Indian culture and heritage, and
and cut a notch in it like that of a whistle. To finish it he tied it
WHEREAS there is urgency to promote a unified effort of all
with strips of buckskin from his clothing
for the common good, and to bring about a more wholesome
Then he reverently put his lips to this creation and blew his
relationship among Native Americans, and
breath gently through it. The response was a high, soft, sweet
WHEREAS the Native American population is working for a
note like the gentle singing of night breezes through the
better future, for a revival of participation in the tribal affairs,
branches of the tree that had sheltered him.
and for a revival of moral support for the tribal councils, and
When he put his finger over one of the holes in the flute he
WHEREAS the Native American communities are voicing
found that it lowered the tone. He could make high and low
greater self-expression and exposure of their values to surroun-
notes at will.
ding communities, and are taking a more active role in the use
In a little while he could play the song he had heard during the
and development of their skills and resources, and
night and his heart was made very happy. For with the flute and
WHEREAS the Native American people made significant
its songs he won the girl of his desire.
historical contributions to the welfare and survival of early
To this day Kiowa flutes are made of the heart of cedar and
pioneers and explorers who ultimately founded the Republic of
tied with buckskin and the music they give forth is like that of
the United States of America.
the first flute - high or low, soft or loud, but always vibrant and
Now, therefore, I, David L. Boren, Governor of the State of
sweet.
Oklahoma, do hereby proclaim the week of Oct. 10 through 15,
I have spoken!
1976, as "Native American Awareness Week" in Oklahoma.
Needed: 1 volunteer receptionist for NAC, no pay, just good
A-bo! Gov. Boren, we just might vote for you again. See
people to work with. Maybe you could volunteer one day a
schedule next week.
week? Or two?
The Phocuix Gazette
PHOENIX, ARIA.
D. 121,306
SEP 13 1976
Last 'Hello' In Lonely Areas?
The American Telephone & Tele-
Indians may have to give up their
graph Co.'s Bell System is very
phone. The price of service would
large and very efficient, and the
be out of their reach.
Federal Communications Commis-
Over the years the Bell System
sion wants to curb its size so as to
has recognized that the independ-
make phone service competitive.
ent phone companies were provid-
Ma Bell, however, has consider-
ing a service in remote areas that
able competition-some 1,618 inde-
would not be profitable for a large
pendent telephone companies, in-
corporation. Bell provided special
cluding some giants. In fact, seven
services, such as phone book list-
are listed on the New York Stock
ings, operator service a n d toll
Exchange. and General Telephone
service at reduced rates. Toll
& Electronics Corporation has 12.5
charges were shared with the inde-
million telephone connections in
pendents on a rather generous
the United States.
basis.
Most of the independents serve
The government action, however,
rural areas, and, in fact, serve a
has forced the Bell System to reas-
greater land area than Bell. An
sess its policies and put services
example is the Arizona Telephone
and revenue sharing on a more
Co. which has 840 customers, in-
businesslike basis. Such increases
cluding t h e Havasupai Indian
have already hurt the independ-
Tribe in the bottom of the Grand
ents. Arizona Telephone Co. had a
Canyon.
net loss of $15,361.37 last year.
There is one phone there (602-
The FCC may force the Bell Sys-
488-6161), connected by two hare
tem to become more competitive,
copper wires that run 74 miles
but this won't mean much to the
from Supai to the nearest AT&T
Indians in the Grand Canyon when
toll connection. But if the FCC re-
they no longer have a telephone to
structures Ma Bell to its liking the
report a medical emergency.
Congress Completes Funds Bill:
$90 Million for Uintah Project
By Frank Hewlett
Moss. "It plays a vital role in providing
increased agricultural benefits to the
Tribune Washington Bureau
Ute Indian Tribe and to non-Indians in
WASHINGTON- Congress com-
Duchesne and Uintah counties."
pleted action Monday on an omnibus
reclamation bill containing a
The Senate has acted twice this year
$90,247,000 authorization for the Uintah
on the Uintah project. First it passed a
The Salt Take Crimme
Unit of the Central Utah Project.
separate bill for the Utah water
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
This was announced by Sen. Frank E.
program and now it has cleared a
House-approved $322 million authoriza-
D. 108,270 SUN. 188,699
Moss, D-Utah, sponsor of the important
tion of eight reclamation projects,
Utah legislation along with Sen Jake
Including the Uintah Unit.
Garn, R-Utah, who also reported he had
immediately written President Ford
Sen. Moss said regulating of the flows
SEP 1 4 1976
asking for his "full support for a timely
of the Whiterocks and Uintah rivers will
decision on final approval of this
go a long way toward ending perennial
important project".
water shortages in Duchesne and
"The Uintah Unit, an integral part of
Uintah counties. He noted that about 80
the Central Utah Project, provisionally
percent of the water will be used on
was authorized in 1968", said Sen.
indian lands.
Titly Carbos Tribure
TUISA. OKLA.
D. 79,425
SEP 22 1976
Indians deserve fair settlement
By BILL SAMPSON
memorandum recently and published
terested than those originating the
it, the Indians' lawyers were criticized
claims, also met delay until they were
WHY THE WHE Arkansas long holdup In settling the
by Interior Department officials who
willing to scttle for less than the origi-
River bed ownership
said it was an intra-government com-
nal claims, if not forgotten. Is that
matter with Oklahoma Indians?
munication not supposed to- be made
American justice for the Indians?
Holdup may indeed be the appropri-
public. But it was not so marked and
The federal government's lawyers
ate word because the Indians are being
making $30,000 and $40,000 a year and
robbed by the reluctance of the govern-
relegated the task of carrying out
ment to resolve the issue. If the money
trustee obligations should be ashamed
due them was drawing interest it would
amount to thousands of dollars daily.
focus
of this long delay.
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1970
This is an election year and politi-
that the Cherokees, Choctaws and
cians and their bureaucrats are reluc-
Chickasaws own the river bed between
tant to spend or appropriate any more
Muskogee and Fort Smith, Ark., which
funds than absolutely necessary. Has
the federal government had developed
American justice and politics come to
into a navigation channel with locks and
such a cynical state that a just debt
besides what's the secret? Everything
dains under the mistaken assumption
can't be paid pending an election? Is
in the memorandum except the citation
the state of Oklahoma owned the river.
there not one official or candidate with
of two previous cases showing prece-
Earlier this year appraisers con-
enough courage to stand up and say
dent for restitution to Indians in simi-
tracted by the government-not the In-
"to hell with the votes, let's pay our
lar circumstances long has been a mat-
dians-set the value of the property at
debt to these Indians"?
$177 million. Subsequently two bills
ter of public record in litigation of the
I think it is unfair for the government
have been introduced in Congress au-
river question.
to deal at arms-length with the Indians
thorizing the Secretary of Interior to
Why is the government SO interested
in this matter, circulating "private"
discuss the matter of restitution with
in delay? I suspect the reason is be-
communications among its employes,
the Indians. The bills bind him to not
cause officials of the government are
keeping the Indians ignorant of the
less than the appraised value.
more interested in saving the taxpay-
status of this most important financial
The bills are bogged down in Wash-
ers' money for political reasons than
matter in tribal history since their re-
ington red tape. The legislative counsel
they are in meeting their obligation as
moval to Oklahoma.
of Congress asked the solicitor of the
trustee for the Indians.
It is inexcusable for the government
Bureau of Indian Affairs for an opinion
History is replete with tribal leaders
in this enlightened age to rob its wards
of the bills. That office responded in
who have taken legitimate claims to
by delay, to blind them by secret com-
August with a memorandum saying the
Washington only to have been delayed
munication, to blnd them in red tape
Indians are due restitution.
and delayed for years, sometimes unto
and lead them along a legal "Trail of
When The Tribune obtained that
death. Their successors, often less in-
Tears."
One Bult The Grimme
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
D. 108,270 SUN, 188,699
SEP 1 6 1976
Aboriginies Tour Western U.S.
GERALD FORD LIBRARY
Aussies, Indians Cite Comparisons
By Vandra L. Huber
'Close Alliance With Earth'
Tribune Staff Writer
Aborigines and Indians have a close alliance
An ocean and more than 18,000 miles separate
with the earth. which is reflected in their religion.
them, but native Americans and native Australians
customs and actions. We've discovered that the ties
are cultural cousins.
even extend to ceremonial clothing and head dresses.
That's the opinion of five Australians who have
The designs of both native groups are similar," the
been touring the western states, visiting Indian
28-year-old Vietnam veteran added.
reservations and examining Indian related prog-
The struggle to be self-sufficient and maintain
rams. They were visiting the University of Utah
land rights has occurred with both groups, according
recently at the conclusion of their six-week tour.
to Lorna Little, an Australian mental health officer.
"There are just 80 many parallels, even though we
"The difference is that aborigines have never
come from opposite corners of the globe," said Rob
been violent. They just allowed the white man to take
Winroe, an Australian Department of Employment
their lands. Now, instead of large reservations or
vocational officer.
cash settlements, aborigines are confined to very
CONT 'd
small settlements on the outskirts of towns." she
said.
Highlights of the Rotary International-sponsored
Fill in the Gaps at Home'
program have been visits to various Indian prog-
"By visiting the project, we're getting new ideas
rams.
to fill in the gaps at home," she said.
Each of us come from different discipline. We've
But the lack of affirmative action said Phillipa
not only been comparing cultures but picking up new
Cook, a nurse and student social worker, still holds
ideas on how to deal with common said problems,"
back the aborigines from making progress in job
rights, employment and education that American
said Eric Conway. an Australian alcohol and drug
Indians have made.
specialist.
"The University of Utah has special programs
Alcoholism. like with the American Indian, is a
geared to native Americans. They have tutors to help
difficult problem among aborigines, Mr. Conway
catch them up if they are low on the fundamentals.
said. After visiting the University of Utah's Western
There is nothing like that at home," she said.
Regional Alcoholism Center which trains Indians to
Mr. Winroe added that the education system is SO
be counselors for their people.
demanding that aborigines can't compete. "I tried
"This program is something entirely new to us.
the university, but like the other aborigines I couldn't
But it's something that would help. Aborigines don't
keep up. The result has been that no aborigines have
like to be counseled by white men. They are less
every graduated from the University of Western
likely to come forward for treatment. But if we could
Australia.
set a program like this where aborigines help
aborigines, then we could help our people," he
explained.
The difference in health services, Mrs. Little
added. is that in Australia the emphasis is on
prevention and therapy with no follow-up. In America
there isn't much prevention, but there is therapy and
follow-up.
way, Robert Winroe, Lorna Little and
Australians Robert Isaacs, Eric Con-
Indian reservations in western states.
Phillipa Cook, from left, are touring
British Give a Sterling Salute to American Indian Art
By JUDITH WEINRAUB
with every year's pants suits, mink
board of the Plaza Bank and Trust in
Guests nibbled at smoked salmon,
Special to The New York Times
capelets, ethnic shawls, long chiffons,
Kansas City. "We're 85 percent of the
pâté or tongue sandwiches, ham and
LONDON, Oct. 6-Happy Rockefel-
short basic blacks and old Gucci shoes.
way there."
melon brochettes, and chicken and
ler said she was crazy about Poca-
Vice President Rockefeller (who
Karen Dean Bunting, an oriental-art
mushrooms as they gathered in the Ban-
specialist who runs the museum's sales
hontas's robe. Ambassador Anne Arm-
along with the Duke of Edinburgh was
and rental gallery, said, "It's easy to
queting House, which was designed by
strong said that an 18th-century buck-
co-patron of the exhibition) and Mrs.
excite Kansas Citians in Ameircan In-
Inigo Jones and has ceiling paintings
skin coat was simply fabulous. And
Rockefeller flew over for two days. "I
dian art because they live in the mid-
by Peter Paul Rubens.
Sir John Pope-Hennessy, the director
got leave from my boss," quipped the
die of it."
"We've always been fascinated by
of the British Museum, said that every-
Vice President, who said that he had
Mr. Coe led the Rockefellers and
red Indians in this country," said Coun-
thing was absolutely magnificent.
been collecting pre-Columbian Indian
Ambassador and Mr. Armstrong around
the 850 objects in the show, which
tess Jellico. But this is a gorgeous ex-
"This is incredibly exciting," said
art for almost 40 years. "It's a very
Vice President Rockefeller, standing
important exhibition and a real mile-
range from 1500 B.C. to the present.
hibition. It will surprise people. We've
yards away from a huge painted screen
stone in recognition of an important
'Can Stand on Its Own'
all been so stifled by the appalling ar-
from the northwestern coast of Alaska.
part of our culture."
"The formal power and psychic in-
rogance of 19th-century values. Indians
"It would be a tragedy if this exhibi-
More than 230 people from Kansas
ventiveness of the objects in this ex-
show us the way back to the strength
tion didn't come to America."
City came to lend financial and moral
hibition demonstrate that North Ameri-
of nature.
The scene was London's Hayward
support to the show, which was com-
can Indian art can stand on its own
After the last bus arrived, a liveried
Gallery. The occasion was the opening
piled by Ralph T. Coe, the assistant
alongside the great traditions of world
attendtant made his way through the
last night of "Sacred Circles," a vast
director of the Nelson-Atkins gallery
art," said Mr. Coe, whose previous
Vice President's sea of Secret Service
exhibition of 2,000 years of North
in Kansas City, where it is hoped that
background is in European art.
men to gavel the room to order, and
American Indian art. The mood was
the exhibition will go after it winds
From the Hayward Gallery everybody
to listen to speeches by Lord Gibson,
jubilant.
up in London in January.
piled onto buses that took them to the
Lord Donaldson (Britain's Minister for
After five years of planning, fund
"We're determined to get it," said
Banqueting House at Whitehall for a
the Arts), Ambassader Armstrong and
raising, persuading, exhacting. and just
Coleman Branton, chairmant of the
reception.
Vice President Rockefeller.
plain hard work on both sides of the
Atlantic, a crowd of diplomats, indus-
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY-OCTOBER 7, 1976
trialists, art enthusiasts, members of
the English aristocracy, American
bankers, oilmen and businessmen, plus
the women who did all the work, got
together to celebrate.
Rockefeller Is Co-Patron
"In the United States we men just
expect leadership from you women,"
said Vice President Rockefeller with a
smile.
Milling around the effigy pipes,
masks, beaded moccasins, miniature
ivory sculpture, embroidered panels
and baskets, 600 people crowded into
the Hayward Gallery for the pening,
which marked the start of an other-
wise sluggish social season that has
been dampened by the relentless fall
of the British pound.
Pearls, diamonds and emeralds com-
peted for attention with Indian squash
blossom necklaces and turquoise and
silver rings-on the men as well as
The New York Times/Neil Libbert
the women. This year's plaids mingled
Vice President Rockefeller and his wife next to a mask at the North American Indian art exhibition, in London
Tips Widna Trifurus
TULSA, OKLA.
D. 79,425
SEP 22 1976
TU anthropologist makes OC study
Urban Indians Forgotten
Poor'
By BILL SAMPSON
Innovate Editor
O
KLAHOMA CITY - The Indians of
Oklahoma City are called "The
Forgotten Poor" in a new study blam-
INNOVATE
ing several social agencies here for
failing to serve the Indian population.
The report was compiled by Dr. Gar-
Even when agency officials have re-
rick Bailey, associate professor of an-
cognized their responsibility for Indi-
A
LTHOUGH no such detailed study
has been made about Tulsa's urban
thropology at the University of Tulsa,
ans, they have failed to communicate
Indians, it is known certain problems
and James L. Redcorn, needs assess-
with them, according to a survey of In-
and characteristics of Oklahoma City's
ment coordinator for the Native Ameri-
dien households detailed in the study.
Indian population also apply to Tulsa
can Center in Oklahoma City.
This is blamed again on lack of Indian
Indians:
The study said much of the problem
staff and also failure to contact Indian
is due to failure by the agencies to
organizations in the city.
1. Federal law and policy places tight
identify Indian population, thereby not
limitations upon the extent of services
meeting its needs. Agency officials
Because of what the study describes
urban Indians may receive from the
have concentrated their recruitment ef-
as the "myth of government benefits
BIA and the Indian Health Service.
forts on other minorities and poor
for Indians," social agencies tend to ig-
2. Most of Oklahoma's urban Indians
whites, mostly because of an "almost
nore them if not actually discriminate
are from rural Oklahoma and have
total absence" of Indian staff
against them. This myth is based on ig-
moved to the city to find work. They no
members, the study said.
norance of non-Indians concerning the
longer can live on land rentals from
The somewhat statistical study is
special relationship between Indians
what is left of their family allotments,
based on a survey of Indian households
and the federal government.
subsistence farming and seasonal
in Oklahoma City which then was coor-
"The average non-Indian Oklahoman
labor. Their land base has decreased
dinated with such existing data as the
and inflation has compounded their
1970 census report, the 1976 census es-
believes the Bureau of Indian Affairs
economic problem.
timate, the 1975 needs assessment re-
spends vast sums of money on the In-
3. Most urban Indians lack sufficient
port of the Native American Center in
dian," the study says. "They believe
education or vocational training to
Oklahoma City, reports of social ser-
vice agencies and surveys by other In-
the bureau takes care of every need of
compete in urban business and in-
dian organizations.
the Indians and even gives them a
dustry. many of them having attended
monthly allowance check.
BIA schools where agricultural training
THE AGENCIES upon which the
has been emphasized.
"Many non-Indians think that the In-
study concentrated are Senior Workers
4. Indians have the least understand-
dians would grow rich from these gov-
Action Program of Oklahoma County,
ernment benefits if it wasn't for drink-
ing of all minorities about how white
Nutrition Program for the Elderly,
ing and wasteful spending. The general
society works. Unlike other minorities,
Area Development Education Place-
Indians until recent times have been
consensus is that the Indian receives
ment and Training Program, Head
far too many benefits from the govern-
isolated from white society, living on
Start. Youth Development Program,
ment and there Is a great deal of
reservations or in remote rural areas.
Oklahoma City Housing Authority.
resentment against Indians because of
Most of their contact has been through
Agency officials who have examined
these alleged benefits. This resentment
a paternalistic BIA. Social isolation and
the study have agreed it is "disturb-
is strongest among the poor whites and
ing" but have not questioned its gen-
other minorities," the study states.
eral accuracy, although some debate
census procedures and statistical ratios
used to compile certain data upon
which the report is based.
Cont't
The study says that in Oklahoma,
persons of Indian descent are in three
categories: socio-cultural Indians, legal
Indians and individuals of Indian de-
scent.
Socio-cultural Indians are those who
live virtually full-time as Indians either
socially or culturally. Legal Indians are
those who are one-fourth degree Indian
or more and thus qualify as Indian for
BIA and IHS programs.
Those of Indian descent are 1-16 or
1-32 or less Indian and are not socially,
culturally or legally Indian. Certain
DR. GARRICK A. BAILEY
programs of the Health, Education and
criticizes Indian social services
Welfare, and Labor Departments can
count those of Indian descent for statis-
tical purposes and they can qualify as
governmental paternalism has not pre-
"Indians."
pared them for urban existence.
THE GROWTH of the Indian popula-
THE PROBLEMS of identifying In-
"THE AMERICAN INDIAN in Okla-
in Oklahoma City began in the
dians and their mobile population
homa City occupies one of the lower if
1950s and is expanding at a much
make census figures questionable, the
not the lowest rung on the economic
higher rate than the overall population
report said. At any rate, those com-
ladder," the report said. "Over half
growth. Since 1960 the Indian popula-
piling the report believe the Indian pop-
fall below the poverty level and more
tion has almost tripled in absolute
ulation is increasing-although the blood
numbers and almost doubled in per-
quantum may be decreasing.
than one household head in four is un-
centage of the total population.
The report concludes by recommend-
employed.
The study estimates that if the of-
ing that social services for Indians
ficial Indian population growth rate in
should be contracted or sub-contracted
"These problems are the result
Oklahoma City continues at its present
to Indian organizations when legal and
of cultural differences and linguis-
rate, the 1980 census will probably
feasible.
tic handicaps, compounded by a
show an excess of 20,000 Indians in
When that is not possible, the agen-
lack of vocational skills. As a group
Oklahoma City.
cies should hire employes who are so-
they are ill-equipped to survive in
cially and culturally Indians to work at
an industrial urban society."
Estimates by Indian organizations in
all levels of planning and implementa-
Tulsa generally place the Indian popu-
tion.
The Oklahoma City Indian population
lation there today at about 15,000.
is growing rapidly with an "Indian
"The urban Indian is one of
ghetto" having developed in some
In 1947, the BIA initiated the Indian
southeast Oklahoma Clty census tracts.
Employment Assistance Program de-
America's forgotten people," the study
signed to relocate reservation and rural
says. "To the Bureau of Indian Affairs,
Many Indians live in cheap rooming
Indians to cities so they could assimi-
to the Indian Health Service, and all
houses, hotels and "flop houses," hold-
late into white society, thereby "solv-
.00 frequently to his own tribal leaders,
ing menial jobs during weekdays, then
he no longer exists.
ing" the federal government's Indian
returning to their rural homes on week-
problem. It was expected that would
"Excluded from participation in In-
ends, the study said. This mobile popu-
end Indian economic problems created
dian programs, he is commonly ig-
lation has made it difficult to get an ac-
by lack of rural opportunity.
nored by state and local social service
curate census.
OKLAHOMA CITY, however, was not
agencies. Powerless and without recog-
However, federal census figures show
nized leadership he exists alone in a
a relocation center during the height of
the following Oklahoma City Indian
culturally alien world in which he is ill-
that program in the 1950s and 1960s.
population, with the total population in
equipped for survival.
Oklahoma Indians were sent by the
parenthesis, followed by the Indian per-
BIA to Dallas. Denver, Chicago, Los
"Unable to help himself and through
centage of population starting in 1960:
Angeles and other cities.
negligence refused assistance by those
1900, only one Indian (10,037): 1910,
Thus the growth of Oklahoma City's
responsible to assist him, it is little
49 (64,205); 1920, 56 (91,295); 1930, 578
Indian population has been by volun-
wonder that he is rapidly slipping into
(185,389); 1940, 303 (204.424): 1950, 2,013
tary self-relocation. Today the program
the quagmire of hopeless poverty and
(325,352); 1960, 6,453 (511,833, 1.26 per
will help Indians relocate in Oklahoma
degradation, more debilitating than that
cent); 1970, 12.951 (640,889. 2.02 per
City but few interviewed in the study
from which he is attempting to es.
cent); 1976, estimated, 16,851 (700,000,
said they had moved here because of it.
cape."
2.41 per cent).
DENVER POST
DENVER, COLORADO
Date 9/30
Federal Preemption Viewed
As Western Water Threat
TORRINGTON, Wyo.-(AP)--
WHILE THE FEDERAL government
Republican senatorial hopeful Malcolm
up to now hasn't had a need for massive
Wallop says he thinks the federal govern-
amounts of water, Jenkins said. it could
ment will try to gain control of all West-
need it in the future.
ern water within the next 10 years.
He also said that conversations Wallop
Wallop, in a speech before the Rotary
has had with Interior Secretary Thomas
club here, said suits filed by Indian tribes
Kleppe led him to believe Kleppe wasn't
claiming control of waters that flow
very sensitive to the desire of Western
through their lands "are merely a warn-
states to control their water.
ing of what the Department of Interior
The preemption of water rights would
will attempt in the next decade.
be done on 8 case by case basis, Jenkins
"The federal government is going to try
said, as the federal government needs
to preempt all Western water under obs-
water for various uses.
cure provisions of the old Homestead
Jenkins also said Congress easily could
Laws."
halt the threat to water control by pass-
ing a law giving up the federal right to
IN HIS SPEECH, Wallop didn't specify
such water.
how the federal government would at-
Wallop, now a state senator from Big
tempt to preempt or lay claim to the
Horn, is seeking the U.S. Senate seat of
water. But John Jenkins, the research
Democratic incumbent Gale McGee.
director for the Wallop campaign, said
the federal government could do it
through use of the "reservation doctrine."
Jenkins said the doctrine, which the
U.S. Supreme Court supports, says that
the government can lay claim to any
water which is needed to develop land or
minerals it has reserved for its use in
Western states.
He said the federal government has
reserved the mineral rights under 72 per
cent of Wyoming's land area and that
these are among the areas which could
be used to preempt Western water.
RA
INDIAN NEWS CLIPS
OFFICE OF INFORMATION
202-343-7445
Vol. 6 No. 42
October 16, 1976
Seattle Times
Stanton H. Patty
Oct. 3, 1976
Death of a Star?
ALASKA
There's still hope
No suitable surplus ships are
available for the North Star run.
Time is running out for the good
There's still enough time to do
We have already surveyed all of
the surplus (mothballed) vessels
ship North Star III.
Dunething if we hear pretty soon,"
and we didn't find anything better
Unless the federal government
said. "But another six months
timn what we have," Jollie report-
approves construction of a new ship
and things could get pretty shaky."
ed. "That's not the answer."
or a $10 million or so rebuilding of
A recent B.I.A. study recom-
the North Star III, the long-time
meaded replacing the North Star
ONE BUREAU requirement is
that the new ship be diesel-powered
Bureau of Indian Affairs program
INI with a new and larger vessel de-
sq it can get up power quickly to
will die.
signed for severe ice conditions. Es-
escape storms and ice. The only
The Seattle-based North Star HI,
ligited cost: $30 million.
vessels available from the mothball
built in 1945 as a Victory ship,
Morris Thompson, the B.I.A.
figet are steam-turbine freighters.
transports general cargo and fuel to
commissioner, followed through by
Why not rebuild the North Star
asking the Maritime Administration
IH?
bout 70 native villages in Alaska.
"The North Star is their lifeline,"
to do an "in-depth study." Thomp-
Because, Jollie said, major work
son expects a recommendation
aid David S. Jollie, director of the
including replating, wiring and
from the Maritime Administration
plumbing is needeá throughout the
arreau's Seattle Liaison Office.
before the end of the year.
ship.
Experts have told the B.I.A. that
This step should result in docu-
This would be a blg, expensive
the North Star III only can operate
mentation for budget requests to
job and we would end up with an
but four more years in its pre-
Congress and the Office of Manage-
old ship that will continue to need
ment and Budget.
Ani, deteriorating condition.
additional repairs - and as the ship
Clarence Antioquia, the bureau's
becomes older, it will become even
AI' LEAST two or three years
area director for Alaska said the
more obsolete to meet the increas-
B.I.A. is getting "positive respon-
ing needs of the people it serves."
will be needed for design and con-
ses" from the Interior Department
For example, the manufacturer
ruction of a North Star IV.
and Alaska's congressional delega-
of the North Star III's main engine
Thus. the B.I.A. and worried vil-
tjen.
(Nordberg) no longer is in business.
IDKC leaders in Alaska feel a dead-
"I think we at least have the is-
Replacement parts are difficult to
line coming on - soon.
sue surfaced now," Antioquia told
obtain.
The Times.
CONT
GERALD
UNITED
STATES
DEPARTMENT
OF
THE
INTERIOR-BUREAU
OF
1951
Constitution
Avenue
N.W.
Besides, the North Star III is too
Not only that, Jollie said, but the
and the cargo was transported by
small and outmoded to keep up with
commercial carriers could not af-
rail and then by air to Barrow at
the needs of the villages.
ford to wait "stormbound" to com-
no additional expense to the na-
"In the past two years we had to
plete deliveries to the natives.
tives.
turn down about 500,000 gallons of
"We wait as long as it takes,"
Jollie said.
"The natives call it their ship and
balk oil per trip," Jollie said.
the crew members are real close to
With new housing, schools and
Last year at Barrow, when heavy
the people," Jollie said. "They 20
hospitals, native communities have
ice conditions prevented conven-
way beyond the call of duty."
a thigher standard of living and are
buying more heating oil and other
tional lightering of cargo to shore,
ANTIOQUIA, the B.I.A. director
goods.
the B.I.A. chartered helicopters to
in Alaska, called the relationship
llft the freight. In 1970, when the
between the North Star III and the
THIS YEAR, in two sailings to
North Star III was unable to offload
villagers "something akin to love.
Alaska, the North Star III delivered
at Barrow, it detoured to Seward
We have been there with the
about 20,000 tons of general cargo
North Star and we have felt that
and oil,
love.
Because the North Star III was
Frankly, this is a service the na-
designed for military missions, in-
tives cannot do without. Loss of the
nevations such as containerized
North Star service would be ston-
handling of cargo cannot be used.
ning economic hardship.
Containerization, the B.I.A. said,
Here's hoping there will be a
would trim labor costs, expedite de-
North Star IV.
Hyer and lessen cargo damage.
The 455-foot North Star III, built
in Baltimore, is the last of three
identical Victory ships still in ser-
vice. With a 9-cylinder diesel and
shaft horsepower of 5,850, it cruises
at about 15½ knots. The B.I.A. ob-
tained the ship in 1962.
Age and Alaskan conditions have
taken their toll.
F'It's an old ship and, like people,
parts wear out," said retired Capt.
Cecil W. (Moe) Cole, a veteran of 32
years with the North Star program.
"There is no question that they
the contempt charges. Lynch ordered
the charges dropped and set a hearing
for Oct. 22 to determine whether the
Hopi tribe should be given a permanent
injunction forbiddine tribal members
from building a fence around a water
reservoir at Pasture Canyon.
Members of the Hopi Tribe began
need a new ship. The service has
building a fence aroudn the reservoir
last August although the land is on the
Navajo Reservation. Hopi leaders said
that the lad in question belonged to
Moenkopi Village which is primarily oc-
to be continued for the villagers.
cupied by Hopis.
Before the fence was completed.
members of the Navajo Tribe came in
andtorei it down. The Navajotribal court
ordered a temporary injunction against
the Hopis in September forbidding any
more work on the fence until a hearing
They can't do without it."
could be held.
The present skipper is Capt. John
OF Case, another long-time crew
member.
The North Star is an Alaskan
tradition, dating back to 1922 when'
the Boxer began supplying the re-
mote villages.
It is a unique program.
The B.I.A. guarantees delivery of
cargo, regardless of delays and
weather conditions. Tariffs are set
SEP 2 9 1976
lower than those of commercial
carriers to keep costs down for the
BIA Trio Will
low proper procedures.
According to federal regulations. fed-
eral employes are not permitted to tes-
tify in tribal. state or federal courts
about anything connected with their
jobs unless they have permission from
their department. In this case. Interior
attorneys teld the three that they would
not testify because the tribe failed to
submit a written request with a list of
questions they would be asked.
Jim Loss. an attorney for the Depart-
ment of Justice who represented the
three BIA officials. told the court that
the tribe did submit a written request
with a list of questions soon after the
first hearing and that the three BIA offi-
cials have since been given permission
by the Interior Department to testify.
After ribal Prosecutor Raymond Tso
said he had no objections to dismissing
natives.
Villagers are hired for longshore
work, often the only cash income
they receive all year.
AND THE operation is self-sup-
porting.
We don't try to make a profit,"
Jollie said. "The reason we are in
business is to service the villages
at: a price they can afford so they
can have some of the necessities of
life they deserve.
GALLUP INDEPENDENT
"Many of the villages are too
small to be served by commercial
WINDOW ROCK. Ariz. (Dine Bureau)
Tribal Court Judge Merwin Lynch
Tuesday decided to drop possible
charges of contempt against three
Bureau of Indian Affairs officials who
had refused to testify in tribal court sev-
eral weeks ago.
The charges were dismissed against
Tribal Operations Officer Val
McBroom. Law Enforcement Director
Dwight Marable. and Soil Conser-
vationalist Dan Renteria when their at-
torney said that they had been given
permission to testify by the Interior De-
Interior Dept. officials had earlier or-
dered the three not to testify in the dis-
pute between the Navajos and the Hopis
involving the erection and tearing down
of a fence at Pasture Canyon near Tuba
City because the tribe had failed to fol-
operators without some kind of sub-
sidy."
partment.
DENVER POST
DENVER, COLORADO
Date
10/3
Study Aims to Protect Indians
in Energy Development
By BILL STRABALA
Denver Post Business Writer
#
IN THE CASE of the Northern
The accounting firm of Ernst and Ernst
Cheyennes, contracts with major coal
last week was awarded a $250,000 con-
companies several years ago went for 12
fract by the Federal Energy Administra-
cents an acre. At that time, according to
tion in Washington, D.C., to study what is
Allen Rowland, chairman of the tribe,
needed for energy-rich Indian tribes to
BIA officials advised the Cheyennes,
develop their resources. The Denver Post
"That is the best contract ever made."
learned from confidential sources.
And so the tribe accepted the bid, which
The survey, to be conducted among 23
it now regrets.
Indian tribes on mostly Western reserva-
More central to the mineral-develop-
tions, stems from a request by the Coun-
ment controversy is water rights.
cil of Energy Resource Tribes (CERT).
Most Indian treaties guarantee to the
The group is seeking FEA guidance in
various tribes that "all water flowing
the wake of alleged failures by the
through or rising in" their lands will
belong to them forever. Most Western
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) to protect
states have-by other legal arrangements
properly the mineral interests of Indian
since the time of the Indian treaties-
tribes.
violated the Indian water rights-with full
UNTIL THE CERT request, initiated by
knowledge of the BIA, some tribal lead-
the Indian tribes with the FEA a year
ers charge.
ago, not even the Indians knew that the
IN A RECENT meeting between CERT
BIA was already conducting a minerals
and Zarb in Denver, Allen Rowland,
inventory on at least 16 Western reserva-
tions. What the BIA intended to do with
chairman of the Northern Cheyennes in
the information is not clear, but it
Montana, noted that his people had to
aroused Indian suspicion and prompted
spend $450,000 to defend its rights in
the FEA to make its Indian assistance
court. The case went to the U.S. Supreme
program a top priority matter.
Court, which ruled in favor of the
The BIA's mineral-search activity came
Cheyennes.
to light only after the FEA, under its ad-
Rowland also complained that the
ministrator, Frank Zarb, had responded
tribe's legal expenses hadn't been paid as
to the demand of the Indian tribes that
promised by the Interior Department, and
they be informed about energy develop-
he blamed Montana's senators for not
ment on their lands. When the FEA
helping.
subsequently sought to develop a miner-
Zarb left the meeting promising to look
als inventory for the tribes, it was told by
into the matter.
BIA that such a study was already under
NOW, IF THE contract just signed with
way. FEA has since turned that portion
Ernst and Ernst does what FEA officials
of energy planning for the tribes back to
hope it will do, Indian tribes will gain a
the BIA, but proceeded with its own
energy study as sought by CERT.
fuller knowledge of what their resources
Minerals such as coal and uranium
are, what their true value is, and how to
have been partially developed on some
deal with companies sniffing for bargains.
reservations, including the Crow and
The FEA contract calls for a tribe-by-
Northern Cheyennes in Montana, and the
tribe analysis of financial, social and en-
Navajo in New Mexico and Arizona. But
vironmental conditions and needs; recom-
tribal leaders have charged they are now
mendations on management and technical
being shortchanged under some of the
skills required within the tribal systems:
long-term mineral agreements.
technical education needs for sclf-help in
development of minerals; and a specially
tailored approach to environmental-im-
pact statements.
The environmental-impact package is of
special importance, according to FEA of-
ficials, because, as the Indians them-
selves point out, these aren't public lands.
BILLINGS GAZETTE
BILLINGS, MONTANA
Ft. Peck
Date
10/1
water deal
closed
By FLYNN J. ELL
Of The Gazette Staff
The state also has been as-
sured by the feds that enough
A deal between Montana
water has been set aside for ag-
and the federal government to
ricultural use, Wicks said.
Wicks estimated total water
market a potential $12 million
worth of water from Ft. Peck
stored in the reservoir at 18 mil-
Reservoir for industrial use was
lion acre feet, most of which is
concluded in Billings Thursday.
already used for power genera-
Jack Horton. assistant secre-
tion.
tary of the Interior, signed the
the 300,000 acre-foot contract at
"We hope the same agree-
a press conference, prior to
ment can be made on water
flying to Wyoming.
stored in Yellowtail Reservoir,"
Horton hailed the precedent
where the Bureau of Reclama-
setting contract, pre-signed by
tion has options contracts for
Gov. Thomas L. Judge. as a
600,000 acre-feet.
"giant step ahead" which will
The state hopes to negotiate
give the state the "cutting
for any of Yellowstail water not
edge" in marketing Ft. Peck
water.
used under those contracts,
The state already has its first
Wick said.
customer's application.
Wicks Indicated the Ft. Peck
Gary Wicks, director of the
Montana Dept. of Natural Re-
agreement is a breakthrough on
the state's use of water, most of
sources, said Dryer Bros., have
which is tied up in legal squab-
applied for 32,000 acre-feet for
bles with Indians, which he
Circle West. a Burlington
termed among the top five wa-
Northern proposal to convert
McCone County coal into am-
ter problems in Montana.
monia fertilizer and possibly
Horton said that Interior will
liquid fuels.
make a statement regarding its
The first-of-a-kind agree-
ment between the state and fed-
"Indian Water Policy" within
eral government on marketing
six weeks.
the West's water will recognize
But most agree it may take
all pre-existing water rights,
several years before litigation
Horton said.
settles the questions surround-
That includes undetermined
ing Indian water rights.
amounts of water owned by In-
Other top water problems
dians and Indian tribes.
the state is trying to solve are
Under the five-year contract,
identification of water needs for
the state will pay the federal
energy development, agricul-
government $20 an acre-foot for
ture needs, and other existing
any federal water it sub-con-
water rights, Wicks said.
tracts.
But nothing will be paid by
the state prior to water sales.
And, Wicks said, Montana
may tack on an additional $20
an acre-foot to make maximum
costs to its customers $40. with
the state's share going into the
general fund.
The Circle West cost is $25
($20 federal, $5 state) an acre-
foot, Wicks said, but added wa-
ter costs will rise as demand in-
creases.
Wicks said he doubted appli-
cations within five years would
equal the 300,000 acre-feet
"block" of marketable water,
"but we'll make a stab at it."
Reservation Jurisdiction
Tribe Considers
May Be Settled Scon
Meeting Passes
SAN CARLOS (AP)
issued a traffic warning
state 10 through the Gila
The question of whether
to Tribal Chairman Buck
River Indian Reservation.
WINDOW ROCK (AP)
tions stem from demon-
the Arizona Department
Kitcheyan.
The Navajos have similar
- Navajo tribal officials
strations held during the
of Public Safety and other
commissions," he said.
are considering regula-
council's August session
police agencies can en-
The next day the BIA
tions limiting the number
which resulted in the
police notified DPS offi-
DPS RECORDS show
force traffic laws on In-
of persons who can attend
chambers being sealed off
cers that the tribal coun-
dian reservations without
that 73 per cent of the
Tribal Council meetings.
for the meetings.
cil has ruled that the DPS
accidents and fatalities on
tribal permission may be
could not enforce the law
that stretch of road last
The proposed regula-
DURING that session,
resolved within 10 days, a
on the reservation.
year involved Indians
tions would allow only
about 40 demonstrators
Bureau of Indian Affairs
from the reservation.
council members free ac-
conducted a sit-in to pro-
officials said.
WILLIAM Wilson, Phoe-
cess to the chambers.
test passage of a new coal
nix BIA area special
Smith said his officers
A settlement will direct-
agreement with El PAso
officer, denied that the
are continuing to patrol
ALL OTHER persons in-
Natural Gas Co.
ly affect law enforcement
tribe has ordered the DPS
the area. He said when a
terested in watching the
on the San Carlos Apache
off the reservation. "What
person is stopped, if he is
session would have to get
A tribal spokesman said
Indian Reservation in
they're really doing is
an Indian, the Indian po-
a pass from the chair-
the proposed regulations
eastern Arizona. At pres-
saying there's a question
lice are notified.
man's office or a member
were modeled after proce-
ent, both DPS and BIA
of the council.
dures used by Congress in
on your ability to enforce
police are patrolling a 40-
Smith said his agency is
providing access when the
tribal law," he said.
mile stretch of U.S. 70
commissioned by the BIA
At least one youth
House or Senate is in
through the reservation,
Wilson said the courts
to handle major crimes,
group, the Farmington,
session.
but each has its hands
have ruled that state
such as murder, man-
N.M., Coalition for Navajo
tied because of jurisdic-
criminal laws do not ap-
slaughter, arson or rape,
Liberation, plans to stage
ply to Indians in a
a demonstration when the
tional limits.
and has in the past
reservation.
council begins its fall ses-
cooperated with the BIA
DPS OFFICERS can
sion later this month. The
"In the past, if a tribe
and Indian police in solu-
1976
issue citations to non-In-
demonstration is to pro-
OCT
6
required outside help, it
tion of such crimes.
dian motorists but have
test what leaders call an
no jurisdiction over In-
has, in some cases, ne-
attempt by the tribal
dians for anything but
gotiated to commission
administration to "crush
major crimes, said DPS
the DPS, county sheriff,
OCT 6 1976
the spirit" of the
Lt. J. R. Smith.
or other outside agency,
coalition.
whose duties take them
Gaythe
Conversely, BIA police
have jurisdiction over In-
Charnix
The proposed regula
on the reservation. Such
arrangements have been
dians on the reservation
made for patrol of Inter-
stretch of the highway.
Gazette
The current impasse de-
veloped after an incident
in which a DPS officer
Supreme Court may hear custody case
Grandpa, Anglos fight over Indian boy
The collision of Indian culture and
extended family structure and child
under Navajo custom. He had no such
By WILLIAM GIBSON
white man's law has reached the State
rearing practices."
right under New Mexico law."
Tribune Staff Writer
The Appeals Court denied the grand-
The grandfather began his attempts
Supreme Court.
father's claim, primarily because it
to get Freddy back through a habeus
Three-year-old Freddy, a Navajo,
A PETITION was filed Thursday
felt the adoption would be in the best
Corpus suit in District Court.
was the favorite of his grandfather
asking the Supreme Court to review
interest of the child.
About 40 people attended the emo-
and often accompanied him in travels
tional hearing.
around the reservation near Gallup.
the District and Appeals Court rulings
But the court also ruled that state
Indians came wearing velvet, silver
Last year Freddy was turned over
upholding the adoption.
The Association on American Indian
law takes precedence over Navajo
and turquoise.
for adoption and placed in an Anglo,
Some of the Anglos came wearing
Affairs and the Navajo Nation of Indi-
custom.
Christian family.
crosses.
The grandfather, recalling the Nava-
ans have filed briefs with the State
jo custom of extended family relation-
Appeals Court arguing that Freddy's
"NEW MEXICO need not subordi-
nate its own policy to a conflicting
DIST. JUDGE Rozier Sanchez
ships with the maternal grandfather at
father and grandfather "were denied
the head of the clan, wants Freddy
due process of law by the failure of
Navajo custom," the court ruled. "The
the trial court to recognize Navajo
grandfather had a right to custody
Continued on Page A-6
back.
Granddad, Navajo
From Page A-1
OCT
6
1976
"The trial court found that Navajo
Albuquerque
Tribune
learned from the testimony Freddy's
However, the petition challenges the
mother had turned the child over for
custom and tradition confers upon
abandonment issue which relates di-
adoption by fraudulently obtaining the
grandparents, particularly maternal
rectly to the question of Navajo
consent of his father.
grandparents, the status of custodians
custom, says Patricia Goldsmith of the
Her boyfriend had phoned the adop-
of the grandchildren," the Appeals
DNA-People's Legal Services, who
tion agency pretending to be the fath-
Court noted in its ruling.
filed the petition.
er and to give his consent.
Sanchez had found that laws and
The Appeals Court's ultimate decis-
Sanchez assessed court costs to the
customs of the Navajo Nation had "full
ion was based on what it said was the
adoption agency because the fraud
faith and credit" in New Mexico
best interest of the child.
hadn't been brought to his attention at
courts the same as with the laws of
the outset of the case.
any other state.
THE RULING noted that the
But he ruled that Freddy, who had
He reasoned that the Navajo have
grandfather had battled alcoholism
already spent eight months with his
joined with the U.S. in a treaty and
and was often away from his home
new parents, should remain in his new
that the Indian custom must be recog-
selling Indian jewelry.
home.
nized in state courts.
The ruling further notes that testi-
He ruled, and the Appeals Court af-
APPEALS JUDGE Joe Wood dec-
mony that Freddy's vocabulary, toilet
firmed, that the father's consent was
lined to rule on whether the Indian
training and psychological state had
waived because he had abandoned the
custom was entitled to full faith and
improved in his new home.
child, who was born out of wedlock
credit. His opinion says that even if
"The grandfather's asserted right to
and reared mostly by his aunts and
full faith and credit is given, New
continued custody and his desire to
grandfather.
Mexico law would take precedence.
maintain his ethnic heritage and cus-
The issue of the status of Indian cus-
toms are not the paramount interests
BOTH COURTS ruled that the
tom in the courts was not specifically
involved in this case,' the ruling
grandfather had no legal right to cus-
presented to the Supreme Court for
states. "The paramount interest is the
tody.
review.
best interest of the child."
Anzona Republic
13/0
New damsite or forced sale
are choices for Orme project
By TOM KUHN
the (Indian) land or tell us to find
tory storage for the CAP and that's all
ourselves a new damsite."
The secretary of interior must decide
we're looking for at this point."
whether to force the Fort McDowell
The interior secretary not only runs
He said the Bureau of Reclamation
Indians, through court condemnation, 10
the Bureau of Reclamation but also the
must be prepared to build a CAP regu-
sell tribal lands needed for the proposed
Bureau of Indian Affairs. which adminis-
lation dam: elsewhere if the Orme site is
Orme Dam or "tell us to find another
ters Indian reservation lands.
damsite," a U.S. Burcau of Reclamation
abandoned.
official said Tuesday.
Orme Dam. planned at the confluence
of the Salt and Verde rivers, is de-
Government documents published in
Yavapai Indians on the small Fort
The Arizona Republic recently indicated
scribed by the government as having
McDowell reservation 30 miles east of
a concern by the Bureau of Reclamation
the dual ability to regulate the flow of
and the Salt River Project about the
Phoenix voted Saturday not to sell their
the CAP and provide flood control pro-
effect that an Orme lake might have on
lands for the dam. A tribal leader added
tection for metropolitan Phoenix.
the stability of Slewart Mountain Dam
that any attempt at court condemnation
upstream on the Sait River.
would be opposed.
The proposed site is partly on Indian
land, and the Verde arm of the Orme
Other documents confirmed that two
It was the second time the Yavapais
reservoir would inundate nearly 20.000
geological faults run through the Orme
Dam site. Bureau of Reclamation engi-
rejected a government offer of at least
acres of land now a part of the Fort
$31 million to sell their Verde River
McDowell reservation.
neers said the faults could be plugged
bottomland so it could be Hooded by
against leakage.
"We are going to notify the secretary
Orine Dam, a proposed component of
of the vote and proceed with evaluation
The Orme site is opposed by federal
the Central Arizona Project.
of alternative sites," Pugh said.
and state wildlife agencies and by sever-
al conservation and environmental
Clifford A. Pugh, projects manager
The alternative sites are smaller than
groups, the most vocal being the Citi-
for the Bureau of Reclamation in Arizo-
the Orme Dam site and would not
zens Concerned About the Project
na, said the Indian vote presents a
provide fo flood control, he said.
(CCAP).
dilemma for the interior secretary.
"The bureau has no legal obligation to
The CCAP has a lawsuit pending in
"The secretary," he said, "must de-
provide flood protection for the Valley,"
U.S. District Court in Phoenix to stop
cide whether he is willing to condeinn
he explained. "Our job is to find regula-
Continued on Page A-4
More
Alternative to Orme Dam
about
Continued from Page A-1
board of directors, which will operate
Orme Dam. Frank Welsh, a Phoenix
the CAP when it is completed in the late
1930s, said he agrees with the govern-
engineer who heads the group. said the
ment decision to look seriously at alter-
CCAP plans to ask the court for a
native sights.
summary judgment later this week.
"I hate to see Phoenix lose the flood-
"] think the (Indian) vote was about
control protection. but we just don't
what we expected." Welsh said. "The
want to see this project get off sched-
number who voted for the dam is the
ulc." Ernst said.
equivalent of the number (of Yavapais)
The alternatives that the bureau con-
who live off the reservation."
siders should be evaluated "very
"What we expect the bureau to do is
carefully" and not be controversial, he
said.
go after Coons Bluff site next, which
means flood control will have to be
"I don't want to get involved in these
controversial ones." he said.
provided by other means than Orme
Pugh said the Bureau of Reclamation
Dam," Welsh said.
is evaluating work on the Coons Bluff
Roger Ernst, president of the Central
site on the Salt River, outside the Indian
Arizona Water Conservation District
lands.
Orme Dam study
Arizona Republic
OCT 6 1976
inadequate, says
Forest Service
By ROBERT L. THOMAS
A U.S. Forest Service report on Orme
"Third," the report continued, "there
The bureau's "mitigative measures
Dam says the Bureau of Reclamation's
is a need to expand alternative prop-
are directed solely towards replacing
draft environmental statement is inade-
osals (to Orme Dam). Floodplain man-
these unique activities with more com-
quate as it pertains to the areas of
agement; nonstructural measures and
mon lake-oriented activities," the Forest
archaeology, endangered species, recrea-
stream modification as methods of al-
Service said.
tion, flood control and loss of water
leviating extensive flood damage are not
Moreover, the lake created by Orme
purity.
adequately evaluated."
Dam will cover 178 prehistoric or histor-
The report. written by a team of
While one of the purposes of the
Tonto National Forest staff officers and
ic sites; 10 square miles of rare river-
experts from the regional forest head-
Central Arizona Project is controlling
side vegetation; and 15 square miles of
quarters in Albuquerque, was approved
floods, there is no statement in the law
habitat needed by wildlife.
by Deputy Assistant Agriculture Secre-
that Phoenix "must be totally protected
tary Paul A. Vander Myde.
from extremenly rare floods by a dam
The Forest Service report was espe-
cially critical of the Bureau's environ-
Vander Myde, in a letter to Reclama-
with a large floodpool," the Forest Serv-
mental statement in regard to wildlife.
tion Commissioner Gilbert G. Stamm,
ice said.
Nothing in the way of mitigation can
said the bureau's environment statement
The report was critical of the bureau
replace the habitat which will be de-
"ignores certain assessments, objections
for not being more thorough as to the
stroyed by Orme Dam, the Forest Serv-
and recommendations" made in an ar-
effect of the loss of some 20 miles of
ice said.
chaeological sites report by the Arizona
riverside environment.
When water from the Colorado River
State Museum in Tucson.
Loss of the river would affect flora,
is added to the drinking water from the
fauna, floating trips, bird - watching and
The report declares that the best
other "inexpensive forms of recreational
Continued on Page A-4
protection the Archaeological sites could
activity," the report said.
receive would be if Orme Dam were not
built.
One hundred seventy-eight sites would
be inundated by the reservoir, which
would create two lake arms in the
More
Verde and Salt rivers.
The environmental statement also
about
Report on Orme project
fails to assess the effect the flooded
Continued from Page A-1
comment is an item-by-item criticism of
area would have on the Forest Service's
Salt and Verde Rivers in the Orme Dam
the Reclamation Bureau's environmen-
management program for culture and
reservoir, there will be a deterioration
tal statement.
history resources dealing with both
prehistoric and historic sites, the Forest
of water quality that "could degrade the
Service said.
high quality water of downstream aquif-
The bureau omitted data prepared by
ers," the Forest Service said.
other agencies a nd by schools on
"desert nesting eagles" found in the
Its report said the Bureau of Recla-
Orme Dam area, said Vander Myde.
mation statement ignores that the Colo-
rado River water may push the total of
The Forest Service supported earlier
dissolved solids in the water over the
expressed objections of the U.S. Fish
accepted limits set by the U.S. Public
and Wildlife Service, and said that if the
Health Service. The bureau estimates
dam is constructed it "will cause the
that dissolved solids may go as high as
destruction and modification of (eagle)
920 milligrams per liter. The PHS recom-
habitat and may jeopardize the eagle's
mends that the limit not exceed 500
continued existence."
milligrams.
Most of the 22-nage Forest
By Paul Harvey
OCT
6
1976
Threnix Gaytte
AIM Doesn't Aim For Indians
Conscientious custodians of the Fourth
building in Washington. They did $2
received support from the infamous
Estate are trying to remember that it's
million damage and removed file cabi-
Weather Underground, the Communist
our job to "report" the news, not to
nets of records.
Party, the Black Panther Party and the
"make" the news.
The following year the same organiza-
Symbionese Liberation Army.
By focusing attention on an upcoming
tion organized the occupation of Wound-
Yet our media coverage of AIM activi-
event, we can rightly
ed Knee, South Dakota, for 11 weeks,
ties has generally been sympathetic -
be accused of
resulting in major damage to the town
assuming this outfit to represent the
"promoting" participa-
and the deaths of two Indians and the
best interests of American Indians.
tion or attendance in
wounding of two federal agents.
The Eastland committee came out of
that event.
Extensive media publicity left the
this tedious investigation convinced that
Similarly, by lime-
public impression that this AIM spoke
news coverage of the AIM had con-
lighting some organ-
for the masses of Indian people. It
vinced not only the general public but
ized group, however
never did and does not.
government leaders as well that the
unworthy it may be,
An exhaustive investigation by the
organization was legitimate.
we tend to solicit sup-
Senate Judiciary Committee has estab-
EVEN SOME churches were suckered
port for that group.
lished that:
into supporting these renegade redmen
From time to time
- and some offices of the federal
HARVEY
THE AIM IS A revolutionary organiza-
we have had to refer
tion committed to violence: arming In-
government allocated money to support
to the AIM, the "American Indian
them. Most such money was used to
dians, stockpiling guns and explosives,
Movement."
stage confrontations and to keep AIM
planning kidnapings and eliminating op-
leaders "comfortable."
If our frequent mention of that high-
position in the manner of the Mafia.
sounding designation h a S tended to
For the record, the only proper spo-
Some of the AIM leaders consider
dignify it we should apologize.
kespersons for the American Indians are
themselves Marxists, have visited Cas-
the elected tribal councils and the
IT WAS IN 1972 that the so-called
tro Cuba and have ties with the outlaw
councils have expressed shame over the
"American Indian Movement" first
IRA in Ireland and with the PLO in the
overt and covert activities of this unwor-
commanded attention with its violent
Middle East.
thy handful calling themselves the
raid on the Bureau of Indian Affairs
In the United States the AIM has
"American Indian Movement."
B-8 Wed., Oct. 6, 1976
The Phoenix Gazette
LARRY Baca, attorney
He said, "We're very
for the department's In-
THE STUDY stated "it
much surprised they
dian Rights Office, said
can be argued that the
would come up with a
Violation
there is "no action plan-
individual precincts are
report like this now be-
ned at this time" on the
grouped into districts SO
cause they agreed with us
study that was turned
as to minimize the politi-
originally."
over to the Justice De-
cal influence of the Indian
partment last month.
The revised districts
Charges
people" in both counties.
were given final approval
Baca said, based on
Referring to Coconino
by the courts in April.
information the depart-
County, the tribes' study
The new precinct lines
ment has, there are no
said:
were approved in Decem-
Ruled Out
violations of the one-man,
"In each of the existing
ber 1975.
one-vote standard in the
districts, the Flagstaff
two counties.
THE JUSTICE Depart-
precincts constitute a sig-
ment investigation is simi-
The U.S. Justice De-
But he said the depart-
nificant portion of the
lar to a department probe
partment said it has
ment has not drawn any
population, and the Flag-
two years ago in Apache
found no violations in the
conclusion on what the
staff vote undoubtedly off-
County that resulted in a
makeup of supervisor-vot-
tribe called disparities in
sets the rural votes in
lawsuit to reapportion
ing districts in Coconino
McKinley and San Juan
Districts 1 and 3. Yet, it
supervisor districts.
and Navajo counties.
counties in New Mexico.
is clear that the precincts
could be grouped in a way
In that case, the depart-
The department issued
The .tribal study claim-
to maximize the influence
ment claimed Apache
The statement after com-
ed the disparity in popula-
the rural, largely Indian,
County officials were de-
pletion of a study by the
tion distribution is 9.74
citizens of the county."
priving Navajos of fair
Navajo Tribe that con-
per cent in Coconino
representation by allowing
tended the districts in the
County and 14.86 per cent
Coconino County Man-
only one supervisor dis-
two counties slightly
in Navajo County. Both,
ager Jack Smith said
trict for the 30,000 resi-
favored the larger, mostly
however, are within the
tribal representatives
dents of the Navajo
Anglo communities.
maximum 20 per cent dis-
were present when the
Reservation, while giving
parity in equal population
new districts were drawn.
two to the Anglo 7,000
allowed by the U.S. Su-
population nonreservation
preme Court.
portion.
Reservation
Liquor Rejected
Arizona Liquor Board
GALLUP INDEPENDENT
Turns Down Request
10-
OCT
1
1976
By BILL DONOVAN
Not Considered Problems
Lee also argued that allowing him to
WINDOW ROCK, Ariz. (Dine Bureau)
Alexander Russin. Linville's attor-
establish a liquor store there would re-
The Arizona State Liquor board Thurs-
ney. told the board that he felt the tribe
duce the number of alcohol-related ac-
day rejected two applications for per-
has failed to address itself to the prob-
cidents on State Highway 264. One
mission to establish package liquor
lems of liquor on the reservation.
member of the board, however, said he
stores in St. Michaels and Kayenta.
Herm Olsen. a tribal attorney, ar-
could not see how making liquor easier
The board, meeting for the first time
gued. however. that the reservation's
to obtain would reduce the number of
here. indicated that the state would
alcohol problems will not be solved by
accidents.
allow the Navajo tribal government to
making liquor easier to obtain.
Surrounded by Reservation
decide whether or not liquor would be
the three-man board then voted
Olsen also told the board that although
sold within the boundaries of the reser-
unanimously to reject the application
Lee's lease was on fee-patent land, it
vation.
since Linville's lease prohibits any acts
was totally surrounded by the Navajo
The first application, made by Rex
against tribal law and since tribal law
Reservation. He added that new federal
Linville. was for a license to establish a
prohibits the sale of liquor.
regulations required Lee to get a busi-
liquor store on tribally-owned land in
Lee Bid Different
ness permit from the Bureau of Indian
Kayenta.
The second application, made by Phil-
Affairs and one provision of this permit
Linville currently operates a laun-
lip Lee of Lupton. presented a different
lease required Lee to agree to abide by
dromat on land that is leased to his wife.
set of circumstances. Lee wanted per-
all the laws of the tribe.
Josephine. he wanted to put the liquor
mission to establish a liquor store on the
The board again voted unanimously to
establishment next to the laundromat.
Blackrock or Old Fort Defiance Road.
reject the application. Just before the
Tribe Has Been Against
which begins across from the Navajo
vote was taken, one member of the
Attorneys for the Navajo Tribe told
Health Authority.
board told Lee that he was not sure that
the hearing board that the tribe has his-
Lee told the board that he has leased
if the board voted to approve the license,
torically forbidden the sale of liquor on
land owned by Jim McAvoy across from
they would not be doing Lee a disservice
the reservation and in one of its advisory
McAvoy's wrecker service. The land is
since it was obvious that a favorable ac-
committee meetings three months ago,
fee-patent and now owned by the tribe.
tion by the board would only be the be-
recommended that the liquor request be
Lee argued that the land was within a
ginning of his problems.
turned down.
non-Indian community and therefore
Linville argued that allowing him to
was exempt from federal regulations
One Was Withdrawn
establish a liquor store would do away
prohibiting the sale of liquor.
Another application. made by Chester
Johnson. was withdrawn before it could
with the illegal bootlegging that is going
on in the Kayenta community and would
Area Mostly Indian
be considered. Johnson owns Charlie's
prevent Navajos from having to pay ex-
However, when Olsen questioned Lee,
and Mary's Beer Store in Lupton and
orbiant prices for their beer.
he admitted that the racial make-up of
wanted to get an extension of his license
He said that his lease only allows him
the area within a mile of the proposed
to sellother types of liquor besides beer.
to run a laundromat but that if the appli-
site was 60 per cent Indian and 40 per
Lee is also trying to get a license to
cation was approved, he would go to the
cent non-Indian. St. Michaels council-
establish a package liquor store in St.
tribe for permission to modify the lease
man Albert Roas later testified that the
Johns. The discussion on this request
to sell liquor.
makeup was closer to 80 per cent Indian
was postponed and will be heard in
and 20 per cent non-Indian.
Phoenix at a later date.
Negotiations Failure
OCT
3
1976
Leaves
Jobless
Farmington Daily Times
By SCOTT SANDLIN
5 p.m. today. Persons involved in such
Daily Times Staff
programs will just have to bid farewell until
SHIPROCK - About 40 persons at Navajo
further negotiations are completed."
Engineering Construction Authority (NECA)
Arviso was reported in a meeting this
were out of a job today, apparently due to a
morning and was unavailable for comment. A
failure of the Navajo Tribe to renegotiate a
spokesman for the tribe's labor office,
contract with the U.S. Department of Labor
however, who refused to disclose his name or
for training programs, a NECA official said.
title, said that (the lack of refunding for
George Arthur, director of the NECA
training programs) was "not exactly true."
training program, told 27 trainees and_12 staff
He said a public service employment
members Thursday afternoon that due to a
program supplements agencies that need help
breakdown in negotiations between the tribe's
where employes are concerned. After the
labor office and the U.S. Labor Dept., the
training period, he said, persons are supposed
training program was not refunded.
to be hired by the particular enterprise
The fiscal year for the tribe now ends Sept.
involved.
30.
Proposals for training are being
Arthur said he also un erstood other
reviewed by the U.S. Labor Dept., he said,
Shiprock
programs on the reservation uploying about
and the tribal labor office is optimistic of the
500 persons, includig the Farm Training
outcome. The unidentified spokesman declined
Geis
Funds
Program and the Navajo Agricultural Prod-
to give any figures on the amount of programs
ucts Industries (NAPI), were "in the same
on the reservation or the number of persons
boat." Officials at NAPI and Farm Training,
involved.
For Health
however, said they had received no word
Arthur, however, said that "at one time,
about lack of refunding.
CETA funds were $12 million - more than the
ALBUQUERQUE (AP) -
Arthur told trainees that the NECA budget
tribe makes in royalties."
The Indian Health Service bill
was presented to the tribe in August, but the
The labor office spokesman said matters
signed into law by President
first inkling that funding might not come
were on a "status quo" basis now, and
Ford includes millions of
through was last week.
"people who have produced we will work with,
dollors for New Mexico pro-
The involuntary unemployment may be
those who have not we will not work with." He
jects, Republican U.S. Senate
temporary, however. One tribal official told
refused to identify those who allegedly "have
candidate Harrison "Jack"
Arthur that Comprehensive Employment
not produced."
Schmitt said today.
Training Act (CETA) Manpower funds, under
NECA is the only enterprise of the Navajo
Among the appropriations
which the program operates, could be
Tribe that receives no operational funds from
are $24 million for a hospital at
available Oct. 18.
the tribe, Arthur said. "NECA makes its own
Shiprock, $16 million for health
Arthur said he was informed that the
living, SO there are no funds to fall back on."
service personnel facilities at
director of the Navajo Tribe's labor office,
The NECA training program, begun in 1973,
Shiprock, $700,000 for a hospi-
Leonard Arviso, had failed to follow proper
has graduated about 600 persons trained in
tal at Bisti, $12 million for a
channels in negotiations with the federal
heavy equipment operations. The 12-week
hospital at Crownpoint, $4 mil-
government and that he had presented a total
course has resulted in a job placement rate of
lion for health service per-
budget request without a breakdown on how
66 per cent overall, and 77 per cent currently,
sonnel facilities at Crownpoint,
dollars would be used.
Arthur said. Most persons are employed by
$250,000 for a hospital at
"For that reason and others," Arthur told
private companies, such as Peabody Coal Co.,
Toadlena and $150,000 for
trainees, "we were advised by an executive
and earn an average income of $8,112, Arthur
health service personnel facil-
administrator for the tribe to shut down as of
said.
ities at Toadlena.
OCT
4
Farmington Daily Times
1976
Indian Medical
Indian Educators Critical
School Studied
Of Council Appointments
ALBUQUERQUE (AP) -
White, in answer to a ques-
The National Indian Education
tion, also said it bothered him
SHIPROCK - About $40
"We're still going ahead with
Association ended its four-day
that President Ford appointed
million in health care funds
planning," McKenzie said.
meeting in Albuquerque by
council members at the same
under the Indian Health Care
McKenzie and other mem-
bers of the AISOM board have
passing a resolution protesting
time he was calling for Indian
Improvement Act announced
the make-up of the National
self-determination.
Friday will include a one-year
been ironing out details of the
Advisory Council on Indian
Ford's appointments were
feasibility study for the Ameri-
proposed facility over the past
announced during the con-
Education.
can Indian School of Medicine,
year. The school would enroll
The executive director of the
ference last week.
according to Dr. Taylor
80 per cent Indian students
federal review council, Lincoln
The resolution protested
from throughout the U.S. at a
White, said he agreed with
what it called "Hagrant dis-
McKenzie, executive dean of
the proposed school.
facility proposed for Shiprock.
Clyde Bellecourt, director of
regard" of adequate council
McKenzie said a $20 million
Third and fourth year stu-
the American Indian Move-
representation of all tribes and
appropriation for the school
dents would receive training in
ment, that "decision-makers
geographical areas, and called
was struck from the bill as it
contract hospitals in the
are not fully aware of the
for a review of the selection
made its rounds through com-
Southwest.
diversity and population con-
process. It was sponsored by the
mittees. One representative
McKenzie said the actual
centrations among our Native
had criticized AISOM as an
appropriation for AISOM was
South Dakota Indian Education
American and Alaskan popu-
struck from the bill since it
Association.
inefficient way to train Indian
lation."
medical personnel.
was feared that it might
jeopardize passage of the en-
tire bill.
Other appropriations under
the act apparently will mean
expansion of the Public Health
Service Hospital in Shiprock,
but Service Unit Director Dr.
Luverne Husen said he had
received no word from PHS
officials regarding exact fund-
ing.
The hospital has drawn up
plans for hospital expansion
which include solar energy
heating. One plan calls for a
150-bed expansion and another
calls for a 250-bed expansion.
OCT
5
1976
Farmington Daily Times
Goldwater Asked to Shift
Vote
State Sen. Jack Morgan, R-
private sector," Morgan wrote
said.
lems which many California
San Juan, has made an appeal
Goldwater recently.
Morgan also says in the
communities. as well 25 in-
to U.S. Sen. Barry Goldwater,
Morgan, however, wrote that
letter that "resentment is de-
dustries, will face i! and as
R-Ariz., to reconsider his posi-
he supports the synfuels guar-
veloping in energy-producing
more severe curtailment re-
tion and support legislation
antees because of costs as-
states toward energy-
strictions are imposed on in-
regarding federal loan guaran-
sociated with the projects such
consuming states that do
terstate national gas earriers."
tees for synthetic fuel legisla-
as WESCO's planned gasifica-
not. .support measures which
Saying we are no closer to
tion if bills should be rein-
tion plants in the Four Corners
will have the effect of increas-
energy independence than
troduced in the next Congress.
area. Delays in obtaining Fed-
ing the energy supply in the
before the Arab oil embargo,
The synfuels bill (HR 12112)
eral Power Commission ap-
consuming state, such as Cali-
Morgan added that the dilem-
was defeated by one vote
proval and environmental im-
fornia."
ma faced by the energy con-
recently and attempts to
pact statements resulted in a
The House's rejection of the
suming American public is an
salvage it through a floor
cost escalation from an esti-
synfuel bill will compound
ironic one.
amendment in the Senate were
mated $400 million to one
problems areas regarding
"If the subject (of loan
unsuccessful.
billion dollars per plant, he
shipment of gas from New
guarantees for synthetic fuel
"I have heretofore resisted
says.
Mexico to California and will
development) reasserts itself
the intrusion of the federal
"Financing through private
deprive California of 250 mil-
after the first of January
government into areas of busi-
sources was thereby frus-
lion cubic feet of gas per day,
(when Congress reconvenes),
ness activity or other areas of
trated, without some type of
Morgan says.
hopefully people will take an-
responsibility that should be
credible loan guarantee,"
The situation could "com-
other look and vote according-
reserved to the states or
Morgan's letter to Goldwater
pound potentially severe prob-
ly," he said.
Gila Indians win
U.S. cash award
in WWII land use
By EARL ZARBIN
Indian land and construction of two
An award of $1,575.465 to the Gila
camps. Permission to build the camps
Continued from Page B-1
River Indian Community for the use of
was given before the Indians were told
In their suit, the Indians asked to be
reservation land as a World War II
about it.
compensated because the government
campsite for Japanese internees was
The Indian Claims Commission said
failed to develop and irrigate the land IL
disclosed Thursday by the Indians'
the Indians were "presented with the
said it would and failed 10 restore the
attorney.
project in the context that WRA 'had
campsites to their original condition.
Z. Simpson Cox of the Phoenix law
taken over' a portion of their reserva.
tion, that there was nothing the plaintiff
The land lies west of Arizona Highway
firm of Cox and Cox said he was
could do about it, and that the superin-
337 and south of the New Casa Blanca
informed of the award by the U.S.
Indian Claims Commission in Washing-
tendent (of the reservation) had obtain-
Road. The reservation is on both sides
ton. The Indians had asked for $6.7
ed for the plaintiff Indians the best
of the Gila River south of Phoenix.
million.
terms available."
The government did not pay any rent-
Cox said he doesn't believe the de-
The terms, which the Tribal Council
al for the 8.850 acres il said it would
fendant in the case, the United States
narrowly approved in October 1942, in-
irtigate, the Indians having agreed that
government, will appeal the award
cluded a provision that the government
decision.
If it doesn't, this will be unlike the
the irrigation work and other improve-
government's action in an award of
THE
ments would be fair compensation.
$5,451,229 made to the Gila River Indian
By March 1944, the WRA had spent
Community in April. The government
has appealed that judgment to the U.S.
ARIZONA
but 8460 to subjugate 10 acres for
farming purposes. However, because the
Court of Claims.
land was not leveled properly, it could
In that case, the Indian Claims Com-
REPUBLIC
not be irrigated.
That same month, the WRA sent a
mission said the government improperly
letter to the reservation superintendent
used $2,930,338 of the Indians' money
informing him that it had abandoned the
between 1937 and 1973 to finance opera-
Friday, October 1, 1976
plan for irrigating the 8.850 acres, be-
tion and maintenance of the San Carlos
cause "in our opinion the public relations
Irrigation Project. The award included
(Section B) Page 1
$2,520,891 in interest on the wrongfully
would be greatly injured if we attempt-
cd to put more land under cultivation at
used money.
the expense of other water users."
That case and the one decided Thurs-
would fully develop and prepare for
day are among nine suits brought by the
irrigation 8,850 acres of desert land.
Pima and Maricopa Indians to recover
By June 1943, there were 12,000 Japa-
damages for the use and taking of land
nese in the two camps. At one point, the
and water. The other auits are in vari-
population rose to more than 14,000.
ous stages of litigation
The government constructed 67 blocks,
All the suits were filed in 1951.
including housing, guard barracks,
FORD
The Indians will receive no money
warehouses, administration buildings
and appropriate utilities.
until it is appropriated by Congress.
The Japanese began leaving the
GERALD
The decision announced Thursday
camps in the second half of 1945. The
noted that the federal War Relocation
last of them departed in November of
Authority (WRA) decided to use part of
that year.
the Gila River Indian Reservation dur-
ing World War II to house individuals of
Before the federal government left, it
Japanese ancestry from the West Coast
destroyed everything it had constructed
states.
except a 7.25-mile road, fences and
cattleguards.
The WRA negotiated with the U.S.
Interior Department for the use of the
Continued on Page B-2
GALLUP INDEPENDENT
82P 8 9 1976
NEW, Indian Fund Totuls
Don't Jibe, Says Doctor
ALBUQUERQUE (AP) - A study of
shian tribe of Alaska, also said there are
of federallyrecognized tribes when
the Health. Education and Welfare De-
about 55,000 Indian students in federally
granting monies or contracts for all ser-
partment indicates Indians are not get-
operated schools with budgets totaling
vices. including educational programs
ting all the funds the agency says they
more than $100 million.
to Indian people." Snake said. "To do
are. an HEW official says.
"This is a direct subsidy to state
otherwise undermines and erodes the
Dr. George Blue Spruce. chair-
governments." he said. "They don't
sovereign status of the federallyrecog-
man of the Council on Indian Affairs
have to pay to educate these children."
nized tribes."
under HEW, told the National Indian
But. he said, most states believe that
A spokesman for the BIA
Education Association conference
because Indian lands are not subject to
Phoenix, Ariz.. office said some BIA of-
Tuesday a study - being redone for ver-
property taxes. states should not contri-
ficials out of confusion over federal war
ification - found "gross inconsisten-
bute to Indian education. Property taxes
on poverty programs allowed groups
cies."
are the most common source of school
below tribal leadership to deal directly
A survey of HEW departments in-
funding.
for funds with federal agencies.
dicated the Health Resources Administ-
He also said Congress has been a
"The bureau, I think it is fair to say,
ration, which said it spent S3 million in
friend to Indian education, but charged
particularly on education, created en-
1975 on Indian programs. actually spent
that advances "have been in spite of the
tities below tribal government and dealt
$1 million, Blue Spruce said. 4
Nixon and Ford administrations. not
with those entities in the naine of self-
The study also showed Supplemental
because of them."
determination and community con-
Security Income gave Indians less than
Larry Snake, a member of the edu-
trol." said Lafollette Butler.
$10 million. although it said they re-
cation committee under the National
He said that practice bypassed
ceived S40 million, and the Educational
Tribal Chairman's Association, also
the legitimate tribal governments.
Opportunity Office gave post-secondary
warned against harmful involvement by
"It is this practice of bypassing the
Indian students less than $5 million al-
the federal government.
tribal governments that weaken their
though il said it gave $10 million, he said.
"The BIA and other federal agencies
ability to govern. said Butler, a
In an earlier conference discussion,
must not circumvent the tribal councils
Cherokee.
the executive director of the NIEA said
the Bureau of Indian Affairs doesn't
provide statistics so Indian educators
can back up requests for funds.
Andrew P. Lawson said NIEA
was awarded an Office of Indian Educa-
tion grant to compile statistics by the
end of the 1977-78 school year.
"We have random guesses on the
ORLD
dropout rates among Indian students.
We have random guesses on achieve-
TULSA, OKLA.
ment scores," Lawson said.
D. 117,736 SUN. 193,984
"The BIA could provide these statis-
tics but doesn't simply because of its his-
tory of mismanagement.' he said.
SEP 23 1976
Lawson, a member of the Tsim-
Indian Hospital
Glee Henson, Cherokee Nation repre-
sentative on the hospital advisory
In Claremore
board, said, "we could lose some pa-
tients here."
Short of Funds
Dyer, a Choctaw-Pottawatomi Indian,
said, complicated diagnostic, surgical
and pregnancy cases frequently are Γe-
CLAREMORE (P) Claremore In-
ferred to Tulsa hospitals.
dian Hospital faces a medical and 16.
He said outside medical contract
beneful where September
funds for Indian patients were exhaus-
funds for special treatment of patients
ted before last Saturday when he had to
have been exhausted
refer one of his own relatives to a
We are going begging now for out-
Tulsa hospital, begging the hospital for
side help, Dr. Vernon Dyer, staff ob-
help and getting a verbal agreement
stetrician, said, "We don't have the
from a resident doctor the hospital
contract medical funds to pay Tuisa
would assume the costs as a charity
hospitals for treating our special cases
case.
and we have to rely on their charitable
acceptance of them.
MILWAUKEE SENTINEL
THE ARIZONA REPUBLIC
MILWAUKEE, WISC.
PHOENIX, ARIZ
D. 107.765
D. 202,242 SUN. 301,213
SEP 22 1976
[SEP 25 1976
Official say Navajos on
2 Found Murdered
Navajos
welfare are for the mest
part uneducated and would
not understand the claim
Near Reservation
seek slice
forms
Navajos have until Oct.
A white man and an Indian
named Willis J. Schanandore,
of 62971 refund
man were killed in separate
was killed at 7:42 p.m. across
8 to submit claims.
and apparently unrelated in-
from the sheriff's office in
Attorneys for the Nava-
cidents Friday night in Me-
Neopit, sources said.
6
INDIANS
in Tribe had asked the
nominee County.
WINDOW ROCK -
The other victim's body
U.S. strick Court in
Navajos would like to par-
One source said both were
was found at 5 p.m. in the
Phoema for an extension
ticipate in the $3.9 million
shot to death, but another
Keshena home of Neil Haw-
earlier this month be
report indicated that one was
petoss, a leader in the take-
bakery refund settlement
the method used to
stabbed.
over I the Alexian Brothers'
but may have trouble in
notify Arizona consumers
novitiate near Gresham in
doing SO.
Many details of the slay-
of se was uselession
ings were being withheld
early 1975, authorities said.
Between 15,000 and 17,-
the servation
I
pending investigations by the
Hawpetoss has not been seen
000 Navajo families are
br
FBI and the Menominee
in the region for quite some
m
eligible, and tribal offi-
Frizona
I
County Sheriff's Department.
time, the sources said.
cials plan a crash pro-
The victim had been dead
agreed to a settlement in
One victim, an Indian
gram to inform them
for about an hour when he
about the case and help
a
g
by
tro-
was found, sources said.
them fill out claim forms.
ce
aurants
CO
imer bups cha
James Tourtillot, chief
The court-approved
th alers
deputy in the Sheriff's De-
method of informing con-
price fixing to keep bread
partment, said one of the vic-
tims was in his middle twen-
sumers about the settle-
ties and the other was about
ment was to send letters
Severa thousan claim
46.
to those who filed 1975
been
urned
state income tax returns
He said he could not reveal
or were on the state's
Tibel officials for
whether one of the incidents
distribution.
welfare rolls.
was connected with Monday
night's armed robbery of the
The problem for Nava-
The Salt Take Tribune
sheriff's office. Two of the
jos, tribal officials say, is
four suspects had been cap-
that Navajos who live and
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
tured. One escaped early
work on the reservation
D. 108,270 SUN, 188,699
Wednesday.
do not pay any state in-
The other death was not
come tax so 90 per cent of
related, Tourtillot main-
the state's Navajos are
tained.
missed.
SEP 5 1976
Church Takes Step
For Navajo Unit
MINNEAPOLIS (AP)
one-year planning pro-
Deputies to the
:
- An initial step has
cess to work out details
church's governing con-
been taken by the Epis-
under the direction of
vention voted to cede
copal Church to create a
Bishop Edgar O. Charles
territory in those dio-
special unit for Navajo
of Salt Lake City, Utah.
ceses to the projected
Indians with their own
Working out of the organ-
Navajo Area Mission.
ministers, customs and
izational matters and
which eventually would
language in church func-
forming an indigenous
have its own bishop.
tions and worship.
ministerial system are
The church's bishops
expected to take about a
An implementation is
earlier had adopted a
year.
possible by the fall of
It would involve a large
1977.
area-parts of Utah and
Arizona - overlapping
the regular dioceses in
those states.
Navajo,
Pueblo
to national Indian council
By SANDY GRAHAM
LINCOLN WHITE, NACIE
Also, Donna Rhodes, Okla-
Tribune Staff Writer
executive director who an-
homa Creek, president of the
A Pueblo Indian and Nava-
nounced the appointments
Indian Women Consultants
jo from New Mexico are
today in Albuquerque,
Inc., Tulsa; James Suppier,
among the 10 new members
agreed with the AIM direc-
Penobscot from Maine, de-
SEP 3 0 1976
named today in Albuquerque
tor that "decision-makers
velopment coordinator of
to the National Advisory
are not fully aware of the
the Passamaquoddy Tribe;
Council on Indian Education
diversity and population
Thomas Thompson, Montana
(NACIE).
concentrations among our
Blackfoot, Teacher Corps,
Albuquerque Tribune
Eastern Montana College,
Native American and Alas-
Billings; and Minerva White,
Joe Abeyta, of Santa Clara
kan population."
New York Mohawk, director
Pueblo and superintendent
He added that rather than
of Native American Special
of the Albuquerque Indian
"dwell on grievances," those
Services, Canton.
School, was named to a one-
who feel representation is
year term on the board,
unfair should get decision-
while Paul R. Platero, a Na-
makers to appoint a better
Reappointed to the 15-
vajo and associate director
balance.
member board were: Patri-
of the Native American
cia McGee, David Risling,
Materials Development Cen-
Ted George, Ellen Allen and
ter in Albuquerque, was
When asked if it bothered
Will Antell.
picked for a two-year term.
him that President Ford
THE NIEA meeting, which
appointed NACIE members,
attracted between 3,000 and
yet called for self-determi-
The new NACE members
5,000 participants, closed
nation for Indians, White
were announced at the
today with a speech by An-
said, "Yes, if full self-deter-
fourth and final day of the
mination is to be exercised,
tell, past president of NIEA.
National Indian Education
yes."
Association (NIEA) meeting
Bellecourt also told the
in Albuquerque, simultane-
WHEN QUESTIONED
Wednesday workshop that
ously with the White House
about Bellcecourt's claim
NISA passes resolutions on
announcement in Washing-
that federal money goes to
Indian-controlled education
ton.
public schools rather than
but does nothing to imple-
Indian-controlled schools,
ment them.
CLYDEBELLECOURT,
White said, "That is the na-
Bellecourt, also chairman
director of the American
ture of the act (Title IV of
of the parents' board of the
Indian Movement (AIM),
the Indian Education Act)."
Survival Schools, formerly
called NACIE "a strictly pol-
AIM Survival Schools, an-
itical thing" following a
White also said NACIE has
nounced that a meeting on
Wednesday workshop on al-
been "hamstrung" by insuf-
alternative education will be
ternative education.
ficient funding. The act was
held Oct. 27 to Nov. 2 in
not funded at the level in-
Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn.
He criticized President
tended by Congress, and is
Ford for espousing self-
setnow to expire in 1978.
determination at the same
NACIE's budget suffered a
time he appoints new mem-
56.5 per cent cut, he said,
bers to NACIE. which is re-
perhaps because the council
sponsible for reviewing and
has consistently called for
judging Indian education
full Title IV funding.
proposals for federal fund-
ing.
OTHER NEW members
named to NACIE today are:
Bellecourt said NACIE
Linda Belarde, an Alaskan
membership does not fairly
Tlingit, teacher at Zuni Al-
represent all Indian tribes,
ternative School, Zuni, N.M.;
and that money tends to go
Wesley Bonito, Arizona
to the parts of the country
Apache, tribal director of
where NACIE membership
education; Calvin Isaac,
is strongest.
Mississippi Choctaw, tribal
administrator; Earl Oxen-
And the federal dollars
dine, North Carolina Lum-
end up in public schools
bee, principal of Upchurch
where Indians attend, not in
Junior High School, Raeford,
Indian-controlled schools,
N.C..
Bellecourt said.
Indian medical school
SEP 2 9 1976
Albuquerque Tribune
fund
By SANDY GRAHAM
Dr. McPhail said the Ari-
capital expenditure and de-
the country," Dr. McPhail
Tribune Staff Writer
zona university was picked
velopment money before
said.
The next 18 months will be
because it has no medical
graduating any students, the
He said the country needs
crucial for the planned
school, has the largest en-
Indian medical school will
a medical school which gives
American Indian School of
rollment of Indian students
build on existing facilities,
preference to Indian stu-
Medicine, its academic dean
of any public school and is in
Dr. McPhail said.
dents because Indian health
told the National Indian
a town with a large Indian
The school seeks between
professionals can best relate
Education Association
community. It is close to
$4.5 million and $5.5 million
to the problems of their peo-
(NIEA) meeting in Albu-
about half the nation's Indi-
from federal sources for its
ple.
querque today.
ans and has a good program
educational budget.
He said that only 70 of the
Officials of the medical
in the sciences, he said.
"The taxpayers are get-
140 Indians who made quali-
school, which hopes to admit
Dr. McPhail also will
ting more out of their money
fying scores on last year's
students in the fall of 1978,
spend the next 18 months
the way we've planned it
medical aptitude tests were
will mount a two-pronged
working out agreements
than with any other school in
admitted to a school.
effort in the next 18 months
with Phoenix hospitals, prin-
to win federal funding to
open the school, said Dr.
cipally the Phoenix Indian
Jasper McPhail, the school's
Medical Center and the Mar-
academic dean:
icopa County Hospital, to
Misconduct charged
train the school's students.
CONGRESS CUT funding
The fourth year of medical
late this summer for the
students' training will be
school in the American Indi-
spent in clinics and health
an Health Improvement Act,
in Navajo election suit
care facilities as close to the
Dr. McPhail said.
students' home towns as
Now school officials will
Northern Arizona Bureau
try winning passage of new
possible.
HOLBROOK - Navajo
"Instead of merely
federal legislation and
UNLIKE MOST medical
County Supervisor M.J.
applying for Indian educa-
helping the voter under-
schools which require $50
"Mike" O'Haco has chal-
tion and health funds availa-
stand the ballot, they
million to $150 million in
blo from the U.S. Depart-
lenged the outcome of the
ment of Health, Education
recent primary election.
actually told the voter
charging misconduct by
whom to votc for," he
and Welfare, he said.
"Within the next 18
election board members
charged.
months, we will have one or
at the Teas Toh Precinct
the other locked in," he pre-
on the Navajo
The precinct, the suit
dicted, adding the funding
Reservation.
notes, consists largely of
effort needs the support of
Navajo Indians, some of
Indian groups including the
A hearing is scheduled
whom are unable to read
NIEA.
to begin today in Navajo
"I DO NOT believe there
County Superior Court.
English.
is a more exciting or more
The incumbent Winslow
In asking to be declared
worthy project in America
supervisor was defeated
the District 2 winner, 0'-
today than the American
by Winslow businessman
Haco. in his complaint,
Indian School of Medicine,"
Johnny L. Butler by only
Dr. McPhail said.
17 votes in the Democrat-
charges, "The said votes
The school hopes to train
ic primary.
from Teas Toh Precinet
professional medical teams
are tainted and many are
- nurses, dentists and allied
O'Haco's lead during
illegal-enough to change
health practitioners and doc-
the ballot tabulations
the outcome of the
tors- to practice family
dwindled when the Teas
medicine among their own
election."
people, Dr. McPhail said.
Toh ballots came in, giv-
The suit asks that the
The Navajo Health Au-
ing Butier 160 votes to
matter be resolved by the
thority, heading the drive
O'Haco's 55.
court prior to the general
for the new school although
election.
students will be accepted
In his Superior Court
from all tribes, chose North-
suit asking that the Teas
ern Arizona University at
Toh Ballots be thrown
SEP 2 E 1976
Flagstaff to be the home of
the medical school.
out, O'Haco says a trans-
lator and clerk accompa-
Arizona Republic
nied many voters into the
booths, "but misused their
office."
By BILL DONOVAN
fice or from a member of the council.
dures used by the U.S. Congress in con-
Any spectator or guest who disrupts
WINDOW ROCK. Ariz. (Dine Bureau)
The proposed regulations stem from
trolling public access to the chambers
the council session will be removed from
- The Coalition for Navajo Liberation. a
demonst at the last council ses-
when the House or the Senate is in ses-
the chambers, according to the prop-
Farmington. N.M., Indian youth group.
sion. The council was closed during the
sion.
osed regulations. The regulations would
plans to hold a "massive demonstra-
course of the session and no one was
The proposed regulations allow each
severely limit access to buildings adja-
tion" when the Navajo Tribal Council
permitted inside without a pass.
member of the council up to three ad-
cent to the council chambers when the
begins its fall session Oct. 17.
During the session. about 40 demon-
mission tickets to the council chambers
council is in session and would give tri-
The demonstration's purpose. said
strators conducted a sit-in protesting the
which they can give to spectators or
bal police authority to question persons
Wilbert Tsosie, a coalition leader. is to
passage of a new coal agreement with El
friends. These tickets would have to be
entering the area and to restrict park-
protest a resolution. being considered by
Paso Natural Gas. The sit-in prompted
shown to a police officer at the council
ing.
the council's advisory committee. that
Navajo Triba! Chairman Peter Mac-
door in order to gain entrance.
Called 'Totalitariauism'
limits the number of persons who can
Donald to call off the council session for
When a person leaves the council
Demonstrations, parades, proces-
attend council sessions.
that afternoon. Two days later. more
chambers. the ticket would be turned
sions or assemblies are allowed only if a
Under the proposed regulations. the
than a dozen demonstrators were ar-
over to the police officer who will. in-
only persons who would have free access
rested because of a disturbance as the
turn. give it back to the council member
permit has been secured from the
to the council chambers during council
council adjourned.
who issued it.
superintendant of the police force, ac-
meetings are council members.
Likened to US Congress
The proposed regulations also allow
cording to the proposed regulations.
All other persons would have to get a
A tribal spokesman said the proposed
the Bureau of Indian Affairs up to 10 tie-
Tsusie contends that the purpose of
permit either from the chairman's of-
regulations are modeled after proce-
kets for federal employes.
this resolution is "to crush the spirit" of
the coalition.
"The proposed document clearly es-
GALLUP INDEPENDENT
tablished the fact that the MacDonald
administration practices a very
dangerous philosophy of totalitarism."
SEP 2 9 1976
Tsosie said. "The Nazi regime under
(Turn to Page 6 Tribal)
Vija Thrina Titures
TURSA, OK! A.
D. 79,425
SEP 23 1976
(Continued From Page 11
Lecess to their government no on one hand.
and the need for a calm and reasoned
Adolph Hitler committed pression in
Paper clips no problem
the 004 manner as the MacDonald
atmosphere in which deliberations vital
administration
to the future of the Navajo people can
Tsosie added that while Hitler
take place." the statement said.
Red tape prevents help
"crushed disenchantment of his coun-
"Certain vocal minorities have at-
trymen" through the of storm troop-
tacked these tentative proposals. the
ers Navajo Tribal Chairman Peter
statement continued. "It It is indicative of
MaeD mald plans 1.) do the same
how for these few indiv iduals are from
for pregnant Indian girl
throu the the Navajo riot police.
both the Navajo and Anterican tradition
The demonstrations during the last
Tribune State Staff
of respect for law. that they threaten to
He explained that federal law allows
council are 1501 were held. Tsosie said,
disrupt the forthcoming session of the
CLAREMORE - The Indian Health
him to transfer only five per cent from
because Machoused has intentionally
Navajo Tribal Council in the name of
Service can buy paper clips and filing
the operational fund for equipment into
failed to listen to people and because the
liberty and freedom.
cabinets but can't pay for special treat-
the contract medical services fund and
'ribe's resources water and
ment for a 14-year-old Indian girl in a
mineral -.given out left and right
"A nment which cannot prevent
that limit was reached long ago in the
to outsiders despite overwhelming ob-
is small vecal minority from imposing
complicated pregnancy, an official ob-
early stages of the fiscal year chan-
its will on the inajecity cannot long sur-
served today.
jections."
geover.
vive. The Navajo Nation and the Mac-
John Davis, Oklahoma City regional
He said the demonstration that coah-
"I think it's a unique situation that
tion will sponsor in October is being
Donald admin' section are determined
director of the IHS, said that "cruel sit-
may happen only this once because of
"to bring about a me: democratic form
that these coyote-men who run around
uation" has arisen as a result of the
the fiscal year changeover," Davis
of government in place of our present
setting fires will not be permitted to
federal government's fiscal year chan-
said. "But who knows? Our contract
autocrated tribel government.
harm the interests of the vast majority
geover from the old June 30 deadline to
medical services fund projection shows
"It is or reded TO step
of Navajo people who are committed 10 a
a new Oct. 1 deadline.
we can expect to receive from
thisfaseist document through the coarts
tradition or hurmony and peaceful
As a result, the Claremore Indian
Congress only about 40 per cent of the
and through massive education of our
change.
Hospital has exhausted its annual allo-
needs to be covered by that fund.
people and finally through pressure by
cation of contract medical services
DAVIS SAID THE Claremore prob-
our physical sence at the tribal coun-
funds used to pay larger hospitals for
lem began with special treatment for a
+il meetings.
special treatment in such cases as that
severe burn case in a Tulsa hospital.
Chins 'Balance' Sought
A tribal statement leased Wednes-
of the pregnant girl.
An Indian who has been in special in-
day said the proposed gulations have
Davis said he had checked with the
tensive care there has cost the Clare-
been furned over 10 the council's police
Washington IHS office and with other
more hospital fund most of its $46,000
and codification of laws committees for
regional IHS offices and none has funds
monthly allocation for such treatment.
considerat: in.
available to relieve the problem at
"I understand the hospital's bill on
Purpose of the requaltions, said the
Claremore Indian Hospital,
that case alone is now up around
statement WAS torenable the business of
$77,000 and there is no way we can pay
A STAFF DOCTOR here has said if
it," Davis said.
the Navago government in serving the
the pregnant girl nas to deliver in the
"The Indian Health Service must re-
Navajo people to continue uninter-
Claremore hospital "we likely will lose
consider its budget and priorities.
repted.
the baby." He plans to beg a Tulsa hos-
Where do we cut off payment for cases
"When complete. this plan will seek to
pital to take the case for charity.
such as the burn treatment, at $38,000
maintain the delicate balance between
"Our staff feels awful, sitting around
or $50,000 or $77,000? Do we take an in-
the right of the Navajo people to free-
here requisitioning paper clips and fil-
surance company approach by setting
commisped ireedem 01 assembly and
ing cabinets from one fund while un-
a limit or can we afford a humane
able to transfer money to another to
approach of unlimited medical care?
meet the girl's emergency because of
It's a question for the people and
legal restrictions," Davis said.
Congress," Davis said.
THE ARIZONA REPUBLIC
PHOENIX ARIZ
D.
311,013
SEP 28 1976
"U.S. picks aide for Indian land deal
4297T INDIANC
The Bureau of Land
Robert 0 Buffington, who
Tower will assist team
as they relate to the land's
Management has appoint-
announced Tower's ap-
members in finding infor-
resources and are given
ed Arthur E. Tower as its
pointment, said the ap-
mation to prepare an En-
full consideration in the
representative on the
pointee has been working
vironmental Impact State-
final EIS,' he said.
team studying the envi-
as an employe develop-
ment, by mid-1977.
ronmental impact of the
ment specialist in Wash-
Under the Navajo-Hopi
Navajo Tribe's application
He also will coordinate
ington since 1972. Before
Settlement Act of 1974,
to purchase 250,000 acres
his Washington assign-
reviews by BLM at vari-
Congress authorized the
ment, Tower served in the
ous stages of the process.
secretary of the Interior to
of federal land in northern
sell the tribe up to 250,000
Arizona.
BLM's Las Vegas office
"We'll be assisting team
acres at fair market value
as a forester, realty spe-
members in insuring that
Arizona BLM Director
in either Arizona or New
clalist and area manager.
all impacts are identified
Mexico. The tribe applied
in August 1975 for acreage
in the House Rock Valley-
Paria Plateau area of the
Arizona Strip.
The existence of Exxon's
proposed mineral lease agree-
ment and prospecting permits
for the tiny reservation was
not known outside of the
tribe until Lipton brought it
under sharp criticism.
Lipton, a professor of law
at New York University, said
the US Department of Interi-
or and the Bureau of Indian
Affairs (BIA) have failed to
see that Indian rights are pro-
tected when tribes deal with
mining companies.
As a result, many tribes,
espcially in the West, have
accepted unfavorable terms
in mining leases, Lipton feels.
"It doesn't seem to be fair
and reasonable," Lipton told
the group. "After all, it's
Lipton said Indians are "
in effect, *anding in the
your land."
middle of a dark room when
asked to make a lease. The
board of directors of the min-
ing company is standing in a
brilliantly lighted room."
The difficulty, Lipton said,
is that mining companies are
able to negotiate leases with
property owners while
knowing much more about
the business than the land
McGeshick said Lipton's
international expertise is
being sought to make certain
the Indians work out a profit-
Exxon, which announced
in May the discovery of a
major zlnc-copper ore deposit
near the reservation, offered
the tribe a $20,250 donation
for exploration and a sliding
scale of royalties ranging
Lipton said the entire offer
gives the tribe very little in
exchange for iron clad con-
owner.
able pact with Exxon.
from 5% to 13%.
trol of the reservation.
MILWAUKEE SENTINEL
MII WAUKEE, WISC.
D 107,765
[SEP 2 8 1976
Consultant
Warns Indians
On Mine Pact
Special to The Sentinel
/Mole Lake, Wis. - Chip-
pewa Indians were warned
Monday that they have little
to gain and much to lose from
a mining agreement proposed
for their reservation by Exx-
According to Charles Lip-
ton, a New York mining con-
sultant, American Indians
have negotiated worse deals
with mining companies than
any of the 22 nations he has
served as a mining consul-
"Agreements are still being
made on Indian reservations
that no government overseas
would consider," Lipton told
Mole Lake Chippewas during
the first day of a two day
mining seminar.
Lipton said that Exxon's
on Corp.
proposal offers little In the
way of profit, employment
and Indian control of the 2,-
000 acre reservation.
The Chippewas. should
seek government help to de-
termine, If possible, whether
there is an ore deposit under
their land and its size and
quality, he said.
If this is not possible, he
added, the Indians should
only agree to allow explora-
tion for ore, holding out on a
leasing agreement until the
extent of ore deposits are es-
The tribe is expected to
take Lipton's advice to reject
Exxon's offer at a closed
meeting Tuesday.
Tribal cháirman Charles
tablished.
McGeshick said the tribe
expects to retain Lipton as its
tant.
consultant.
But Congress is hesitant
THE ARIZONA REPUBLIC
PHOENIX, ARIZ.
D. 202,242 DUN. 301,213
Tribes seek laws banning
PAGE ONE
SEP 27 1976
release of secrets by BIA
6797F
By BILL DONOVAN
WINDOW ROCK - Indian tribes
The tribe allowed the councilman to
throughout the country want Congress to
look at the lease but not to make a copy
prohibit the Bureau of Indian Affairs
of it. The councilman appealed Itsch-
from making tribal secrets public under
the Freedom cf Information Act.
ner's decision to Washington. Federal
officers ordered that the councilman be
Congress, however, has been wary of
given the lease since the tribe allowed
approving any more exemptions to the
him to review the lease and therefore it
act, and several Indian tribes have been
was not confidential.
forced to go to court to keep the BIA
"The Freedom of Information Act
from disclosing information tribal lead-
ers consider to be confidential.
makes no distinction between what can
be viewed only in an office and what
Most of the controversy centers
can be copied SO he got his copy," said
around mineral leases between the
Itschner.
tribes and mineral companies, but tribes
recently have gone to court to keep
The solicitor's office in Phoenix also
census records and water studies out of
has rejected a request for lease infor-
the hands of nontribal members.
mation. In this case, the company's
lease with the tribe was due for rene-
The Colville Confederated tribes in
Washington state filed suit earlier this
gotiating and the BIA made an apprais-
year against the Interior Department in
al of the value of the land within the
an attempt to keep a census roll away
lease area, Bill Lavell said.
from the local legal aid organization.
The company wanted a copy of this
Tribal leaders said the legal aid attor-
appraisal but his Freedom of Informa-
neys wanted the census roll because it
tion Act request was rejected on the
has several clients who are trying to be
basis that the information was confiden-
included on the tribal roll. Tribal attor-
tial and only for use by the tribe.
neys argued that the census roll was
confidential and filed suit to prevent the
Sen. Pete Domenici, R.-N.M., intro-
Interior Department from releasing it.
duced a bill in Congress last spring
A similar situation exists in northern
which would have made information
New Mexico where several tribes have
given to the BIA by Indian tribes ex-
banded together to file suit to keep the
empt from the FOIA, but Interior offi-
Interior Department from providing
cials decided in hearings this summer
copies of four water-resource studies to
that it would be unwise to seek a special
the state engineer of New Mexico.
exemption then.
The studies, conducted by the U.S.
David Jones, an attorney within the
Geological Survey, are aimed at helping
solicitor's Indian rights division, said
tribes litigate water rights with the
Interior officials believed Congress
state, tribal attorneys said. The tribes
would be reluctant to approve any spe-
claim it would be unfair for the state
cial interest exemptions now.
engineer to have copies of these studies
He added that another unsuccessful
before the tribe's water rights are
attempt was made earlier this year to
determined.
add an amendment to the BIA appropri-
Tribes in the Southwest have told BIA
ations bill which would have forbidden
officials that making public lease infor-
the BIA from using any funds to comply
mation would make it difficult for the
with the FOIA. This would have applied
tribe to negotiate in the future with
only for the current fiscal year.
other mineral companies.
Currently, the BIA is allowing some
Dale Itschner, field solicitor for the
information about tribal leases to be
Navajo Reservation, said his office be-
made public, Jones said, and probably
lieves certain information in the leases
will have to continue as long as the
is confidential a nd should not be
FOIA provisions remain as they are
how.
released.
His office earlier this year rejected a
request for one lease by a member of
the Navajo Tribal Council who was
unable to get a copy of the lease from
the tribe.
The Boston Globe
(MORNING)
BOSTON, MASS.
D. 261,042 SUN. 566,377
HERALD AMERICAN
0.337,060
SEP 29 1976
SEP 3 0 1976
Maine tribes
force delay
U.S. asked to back Maine bonds
in bond sale
AUGUSTA, Maine (AP) -
Gov. James B. Longley
went to Washington yes-
AUGUSTA, Maine - A.
terday to make a personal
in Indian suit
scheduled sale of 27 mil-
appeal for Congress to guar-
lion in municipal bonds by
antee repayment of Maine
the Maine Municipal Bond
bonds.
Sales of bonds and other
the state and its local units
Bank was delayed yester-
day, because of a pending
security offerings totaling
of government would be re-
suit by the Penobscot and
$32.4 million were postponed
paid, should the Indians be
Passamaquoddy Indians
this week because of a dis-
successful in their suit.
pute with two Indian tribes
State Treasurer Rodney
over the ownership of
Longley said that if all
L. Scribner, chairman of
two-thirds of the state's
else failed, a special session
the bond bank, said the de-
land.
of the state legislature may
lay will force a number of
Longley told a news con-
be necessary to provide
ference that he and Bangor
bond payment guarantees.
local governments to tem-
porarily seek funds else-
banker William C. Bullock
Legal questions surround-
Jr., head of a special taks
ing lawsuits filed against
where.
force on the problem, would
the state by the Pass-
The tribes have filed a
meet this morning with the
amaqueddy and Penobscot
suit claiming ownership of
state's congressional delega-
Indians have already forced
parcels of land throughout
tion and would try to meet
delay of a scheduled sale of
the state. Scribner said the
with Interior Department of-
$27 million in bonds by the
ficials.
Maine Municipal Bond Bank
bond problem stems from
The Wampanoag Indians
for cities, towns, schools
the question of whether
in Massachusetts filed suit
the municipalities can tax
in U.S. District Court in
and hospitals; a $1million
the contended land if the
July to recover some 16,000
bond issue in Millinocket
Indians win their suit.
acres of land in Mashpee,
and a $3.4 million sale of
and Sandwich, that they
notes in Elsworth. Elsworth
Governmental bodies
claim was taken away with-
officials had negotiated the
affected by the delay in
out congressional approval.
sale of their securities last
issuing bonds are School
The tribe's suit has, in ef-
week, but were informed
Administrative Districts
fect, brought the real estate
that the closing of the deal
22, 43, 51 and 56; South-
would be postponed while
ern Aroostook Consoli-
market in Mashpee to a
the problem was studied,
dated School District;
halt. It clouds title to all
City Manager Roger Moody
Northern Penobscot Voca-
land in the town, and banks
said yesterday.
tional Region III and
are not issuing mortgage
State Treasurer Rodney L.
Southern Aroostook Voca-
loans until the suit is re-
Scribner said that the prob-
solved.
tional Region II.
lem could lead to difficulty
Other agencies affected
The Mashpee Board of Se-
in securing mortgages for
by the delay are the towns
lectmen voted last week to
homebuilding as well, if the
of Baileyville, Farmington,
hire Watergate attorney
ownership of the land was in
James St. Clair to represent
question.
Gorham, Medway, Range-
it against the Indians,
ley and Trenton; the cities
1
authorizing a $50,000 fee.
of Biddeford and West-
t
Congress is moving to-
brook; Caribou Hospital
&
ward adjournment this
District and Hospital Ad-
(
week, and Longley said he
ministrative District 4.
hoped action was still pos-
sible. He said he would ask
Congress to guarantee that
holders of bonds issued by
BOSTON, MASS.
HERALD AMERICAN
SEP 29 1976
Court upholds Indians
THE ARIZONA REPUBLIC
PHOENIX, ARIZ.
D. 202,242 SUN. 301 213
in Cape Cod land suit
SEP 28 1976
The Wampanoag Indians won the
Mashpee Tribe to recover possession"
first skirmish yesterday in a legal war
of the land in Mashpee and Sandwich.
to regain control of 16,000 acres of
They termed Holly's claim "frivo-
Firm seeks tribe's OK
valuable Cape Cod property they
lus."
claim is "tribal land" taken from
them illegally.
Judge Skinner agreed. The judge
said he had no jurisdiction to lift the
for gasification plants
Federal Judge Walter J. Skinner
notification from the registry.
turned down a request for relief
"Anyone going into the Registry of
brought by a Mashpee contractor who
Deeds is entitled to know if there may
said buyers of 25 expensive homes he
despite loan setback
be a lien on property," he said.
built can't get moftgage money be-
cause of the suit filed Aug. 26 by the
"It would have been horrendous if
WINDOW ROCK Officials for the Western Gasi-
Wampanoag Indian Council.
the Indians did not make notification
fication Co. (WESCO) still plan to get tribal approval
of the suit."
for construction of coal gasification plants on the
According to Atty. Richard Cohen,
Navajo Reservation.
counsel for Holly Enterprises, banks
Asked if he understood the stagger-
began to balk at lending when the Re-
ing implications of a shut-off of mort-
WESCO's plans were questioned by tribal officials
gistry of Deeds of Barnstable County
gage money or had no sympathy for a
because the U.S. House of Representatives last Thurs-
received notification of the suit on
builder "standing to lose everything,"
day rejected by one vote a synthetic fuel loan -
Aug. 31.
Judge Skinner replied he had sympa-
guarantee program which WESCO officials said was
thy and knew what was happening.
He argued that although the In-
necessary to build a $1 - billion coal gasification plant
dians "have raised a significant legal
"I can have sympathy up to my
near Burrham, N.M.
question and might very well win,"
eyeballs but I can only do what the
Judge Skinner should order the notifi-
law permits," he said dismissing
In Phoenix last week, WESCO representatives old
cation to the Registry be removed.
Holly's petition.
members of the tribe's general counsel firm that
WESCO still wants tribal approval for construction of
Cohen told the court Holly Enter-
In another development the Mas-
the plants.
prises was not named in the Indian's
sachusetts House gave initial approval
suit and loses rights offered to proper-
to legislation under which the state
The company would still have to get approval from
ty owners in residence who, if the
will guarantee a $4.2 million Mashpee
the Department of the Interior, which could take
Wampanoag's win, will pay rent.
school bond issue.
several months to a couple of years.
"My clients are simply bleeding,"
The bill was filed by Gov. Dukakis.
George Vlassis, general counsel for the tribe, said
he said.
He said it stemmed from difficulties
Monday that WESCO officials were hoping that the
the Cape Cod Cod community has ex-
Attys. Barry A. Margolin and
proposal would come before the Tribal Council at its
perienced in the money market since
Thomas N. Tureen for the Wampa-
fall session, scheduled to begin Oct. 19. He said it is
the Wampanoag Indian Tribal Council
noags, in a memorandum to Skinner,
filed a suit to recover lands in the
uncertain whether the WESCO-tribal negotiations will
said the builder's suit was filed "in an
town that were originally deeded to
be finished by then.
attempt to defeat the claim of the
the tribe.
The chances of WESCO being given the go-ahead this
year, even if the tribe and the federal government
approve looks dim after the House vote Thursday.
The "syn-fuel" bill would have approved $3.5 hillion
in loan guarantees for coal gasification projects.
The bill lost not on the merits of the program itself,
but on a rule which would have set guidelines for
debate. The vote kills the bill for this session of
Congress.
Backers of the program, however, hope that an
amendment proposed by Sen. Jennings Randolph, D-W
Va., makes it through Senate committees. It would
allow the government to request loan guarantees for
synthetic fuel plants on a project-to-project basis.
The Forton Blobe
(MORNING)
D. 261,042 SUN. 566,377
SEP 2 6 1976
Intermarriage erased tribe, defendants say
Legal point: Are Wampanoags Indians?
The Wampanoag suit first
By Samuel Allis
names 146 individual de-
Special to the Globe
fendants from whom the In-
MASHPEE-Two of the defendants
dans want to recover land.
named in the suit by the Mashpee Wam-
In a second phase, it names
panoag Indians to recover some 16,000 acres
all property owners in
of land in Mashpee and Sandwich have
Mashpee as class action de-
raised what may be a crucial point of litiga-
fendants as well.
tion in the case: Are the Wampanoags still
Wampanoag Atty. Barry
Indians?
Margolin said the Indians
do not want to take away
Attorneys for the New Seabury Corp.
land from any of the class
and Greenwood Development Corp. filed an
action defendants whose
answer to the suit in US District Court late
houses constitute their prin-
this week, alleging that through intermar-
cipal residences.
riage with blacks and mulattos, the Indians
If Mashpee residents are
evolved into a mixed race by the middle of
uncomfortable about the
the 18th century.
Wampanoag suit, they
should be happy they don't
live in Maine. A similar suit
The mixed population, they contend,
involving the Passamaquod-
abrogates their status as a formal Indian
dy and the Penobscot Indi-
tribe.
ans there, expected to be
brought by the Federal gov-
The Wampanoags are basing their suit
ernment on behalf of the In-
on the Indian Non-Intercourse Act of 1790,
dians later this year, would
which stated that no land could be taken
seek to reclaim over half of
from Indians without congressional approv-
Maine - or some 12 million
al. The Indians contend that no such ap-
acres - from present own-
proval was granted. If they cannot prove in
ers.
US District Court their status as a formal
Thomas Tureen, a Native
Indian tribe, however, the suit, the defen-
American Rights Fund at-
fants contend, would not fall under the pro-
torney in Maine, stressed
visions of the 1790 Act.
that the suits in Mashpee
"I'm not going to respond at this time,
and Maine are unique situa-
except to say that that argument is prepos-
tions and will not trigger a
flood of such suits by Indi-
ans across the country.
terous," said Russell Peters, leader of the
These suits, Tureen
Mashpee Wampanoag Indian Tribal Coun-
explained, represent a
cil. "I don't know where they got their defi-
"handful" of situations in
nition of a tribe. They're grabbing at
which land was taken from
straws. I'm not surprised that they are com-
the Indians in violation of
ing up with a defense like that."
the Indian Non-Intercourse
Act. Most of the land trans-
fers across the country, he
The tribe's suit effectively has brought
said, were made in accor-
the real estate market in Mashpee to a halt.
dance with the act.
The suit clouds title to all land in town, and
Cape Cod banks are not issuing mortgage
loans in the town until the suit is resolved.
The town has hired Watergate lawyer James
St. Clair to represent it against the Indians.
The Miami Herald
MIAMI, FLA.
D. 384.824 SUN. 486.568
OCT
1 1976
Who Owns the Land?
Indian Suits Tie Up Maine
AUGUSTA, Maine - (AP) -
flew to Washington on Wednesday
dian ownership of the land, the
Gov. James B. Longley is seeking
and were to meet with Maine's
federal backing for state bonds
right of governments to tax the
congressional delegation.
that are tied up in a dispute over
property is also in doubt.
Indian claims to two-thirds of the
The claims dispute started in
State Treasurer Rodney L. Scrib-
land in Maine.
1972 when the Penobscot and Pas-
ner said that the problem of who
samaquoddy Indian tribes filed a
owns the land could affect the
Because of a lawsuit filed by
$300-million suit in federal court
availability of mortgages for real
two Maine Indian tribes, local gov-
charging that the state unjustly
estate transactions as well.
ernments were prevented from
took away tribal lands encompass-
borrowing more than $30 million
ing two-thirds of the state's 33,215
A similar problem has already
this week. The suit also could curb
square miles. The Indians have said
occurred in Massachusetts, where
the sale of homes and property
that it is possible the suit could be
the Wampanoag Indians filed suit
throughout the state because it
expanded to seek the return of the
in federal court last July to recover
throws into question the ownership
land as well.
16,000 acres of land in Mashpee,
of much of the land in the state.
Longley says such suits have
Mass., and Sandwich, Mass., that
Longley wants the federal gov-
generally ended with cash settle-
they claimed was improperly taken
from them.
ments.
ernment to guarantee that state
bonds or securities issued by the
But, when bond lawyers learned
The tribe's suit in Massachusetts
state's municipalities, school dis-
of the possible claim to the proper-
has had the effect of halting real
tricts and other government agen-
ty, they refused to certify pending
estate tranactions in the communi-
cies will be repaid if the Indians
bond issues. The bonds were to be
ty of Mashpee on Cape Cod. It has
are successful in their claims.
backed up by the promise that the
clouded title to all land in the
money would be repaid out of
town, and banks are not issuing
LONGLEY and Bangor banker
property tax revenues.
mortgage loans until that suit is re-
William C. Bullock Jr., who heads
solved.
special task force on the problem,
IF THERE IS a question as to In-
LONGLEY SAID that if he can
not get the federal guarantee in the
closing days of the congressional
session he might have to call a spe-
cial session of the Legislature to
provide guarantees.
Because of unresolved questions
about the Indian claims, the Maine
Muncipal Bond Bank had to post-
poné a scheduled $27-million sale
of bonds on Tuesday and the town
of Millinocket had to delay a $1-
million bond offering on Monday.
Officials of the city of Ellsworth,
said Wednesday that they negotiat-
ed the sale of $3.4 million in notes
last week for a construction proj-
ect, but were informed that the
closing of the deal has been post-
poned because of the litigation.
The Senttle Baily Times
D. 247.540 SUN. 306,612
SEP 23 1976
Indians stop fishing for
By DON W4297F HANNULA
While non-Indian gillnetters con-
tinued protest fishing last night, In-
conservation
dians decided on a conservation clo-
sure of their coho fishing in most
of Puget Sound's marine areas.
Because of a poor return of coho
prohibits closures for allocation be-
"for principle, not for fish.
to Puget Sound, the State Depart-
tween Indians and non-Indians,
"There aren't any fish out there,"
ment of Fisheries had imposed an
state courts have thrown out the
he said. Two television crews were
emergency closure of non-Indian
charges.
aboard the non-Indian boats last
commercial fishing this week. Indi-
Attorneys for several Indian
night, signifying the posturing as
ans, self-regulating under a federal-
tribeshave filed requests in federal
opposed to fishing.
court decision except for conserva-
court for restraining orders against
"If it were a conservation issue
tion closures by the state, were al-
state-court interference with feder-
and not an allocation issue, we
lowed to continue fishing.
al-court rulings. A hearing is sched-
would not be fishing," Barry said.
The Puget Sound Gillnetters Asso-
uled in Tacoma next Wednesday.
"There is a total lack of leadership
ciation, reacting as it had during
the past two fall fishing seasons,
AT A MEETING in Tacoma yes-
and honesty in the Fisheries De-
terday, the Northwest Indian Fish-
partment. We can't believe a thing
said its members would violate the
eries Commission recommended an
they say."
closure unless Indians also were
shut down.
Indian coho closure in state-man-
Barry said the association plans
agement areas 9, 10 and 11 (Lower
personal lawsuits against any en-
THE ASSOCIATION has contend-
Admiralty Inlet to the south end of
forcement agents giving citations to
ed that despite the federal-court de-
Vashon Island) at 5 p.m. today.
non-Indian gillnetters. He said the
cision, state law does not allow
William Smith, executive direc-
citations are contrary to state law
emergency closures for allocation
and are illegal.
between Indians and non-Indians -
only closures for conservation.
tor, said all tribes agreed to go
A State Fisheries Department
along. He said the move was to pro-
spokesman said about 20 to 30 non-
tect native coho stocks and that In-
Indian gillnetters headed out from
dian fishing would be confined to
Shilshole Bay last night, but very
rivers and river-mouth terminal
few put nets in the water.
areas on hatchery stocks, which
Fisheries-enforcement officers
tend to separate from native fish in
said they took the boat-license num-
those areas.
bers of six gillnetters with nets in
Smith said it was difficult to con-
the water but issued no citations on
vince Indians not to fish if non-Indi-
the spot. They said the information
ans continue to violate the state's
closure.
may be turned over to King and
Kitsap County prosecutors.
Allan Barry, executive director of
In the past, because the state law
the Puget Sound Gillnetters Asso-
ciation, said non-Indian gillnetters
would not fish if waters were closed
to all fishermen - not just non-Indi-
ans.
HE SAID protest fishing has been
The Organian
PORTLAND, OREGON
D. 245,132 SUN. 407,180
SEP 28 1976
BIA non-Indians
Reaction mixed to benefits bill veto
W6297K
WARM SPRINGS President
motion because of Indian preference.
in. It is definitely a letdown," said one
Ford's veto of a bill which would have
Indian preference is a bureau policy
non-Indian. Another, when asked his
provided early retirement benefits for
extended in the early 1970s and upheld
reaction, stated, "You couldn't print it."
some non-Indian employes of the Bu-
by a 1974 Supreme Court decision
"I am very, very sad to see it veto-
reau of Indian Affairs prompted both
which gives job preference in initial
ed," stated Adelina "Adi" Defender, an
predictions of poorer bureau services to
employment, transfer, and promotion to
Indian whose personal goal is an agency
Indians to no change at all.
individuals of one-quarter or more Indi-
(reservation) bureau superintendentcy.
"I think in most cases they (those
an blood. Non-Indian employes point
She believes some competition between
who would have been affected) will
out they were hired under Civil Service
Indians and non-Indians in the bureau is
definitely look for other jobs," stated
rules which prohibit the selection of
good, and that there are not enough
Clayton Earl, acting BIA agency super-
individuals for transfer or promotion on
Indians qualified to "execute policy."
intendent here this week. "It kind of
basis other than merit and ability.
"We need to have more education
hurts morale."
"Indians do need to move into areas
and experience in handling affairs,"
Z.C. Tucker Jr., Portland area per-
of responsibility, but not at the expense
said Mrs. Defender.
sonnel officer for the bureau, however
of others," stated Warren "Rudy" Cle-
But Tucker believes the vetoed bill,
does not expect any exodus of employes
ments, a Warm Springs tribal member
rather than encouraging improved per-
or change in services. "Principally it's a
and tribal municipal manager. Clements
formance because of better morale,
morale issue. I hear a lot of talk, but I
also observed that if the bill had been
"would have tapped people at the
think essentially people are going about
approved, it would have created some
height of their productivity."
their jobs as before," he stated.
new openings for Indians, a benefit
"Not all would have left," he noted,
Both men are non-Indians who
which was noted by backers of the leg-
but it would have resulted in a loss to
would not have been affected by provi-
islation.
early retirement of "some skills we
sions of the bill.
Although he previously had not
need right now."
The bill had been prepared to pro-
been aware of the bill and its provi-
Tucker said there are 1,000 to 1,200
vide retirement benefits to non-Indian
sions, Clements did express concern
individuals employed by the bureau in
employes of the bureau who were with-
that poor morale among BIA non-Indi-
the area of Washington, Idaho and Ore-
out opportunity for advancement be-
ans could affect both their productivity
gon which is administered from Port-
cause of the Indian preference policy
and their relationships with Indians.
land. About one-third are non-Indian.
were also limited by age and specializa-
Among Bureau employes at Warm
At Warm Springs 37 Bureau of Indi-
tion to finding comparable jobs else-
Springs, reactions vary.
an Affairs employes are Indian, 33 are
where. The benefits would have been
"It looks like our whole roof caved
non-Indian.
available to those with 25 years service
and two refusals for job transfer or pro-
MILWAUKEE SENTINEL
MILWAUKLE WISC.
D 117
[SEP 24 1976
Mebane Sued on Right
Of Reservation Fishing
Sentinel Madison Bureau
week, when Mebane filed
lations established by the
charges against the five.
state and does not violate
/ Madison, Wis. - The Wis-
La Follette's complaint
private property rights by
consin attorney general is
taking the United States at-
says the charges against the
trespassing on private land
torney to court over the pub-
five did not involve trespass
without permission," La Fol-
upon any tribal or trust land.
lette said.
lic's hunting and fishing
rights on the Bad River Indi-
The five, said La Follette,
The complaint seeks an
were licensed by the state to
injunction to stop federal
an Reservation near Ashland.
fish on navigable waters lo-
authorities from arresting,
Atty. Gen. Bronson C. La
cated within the reservation.
prosecuting or interfering
Follette Thursday filed a Fed-
with hunters or fishermen.
eral Court action against
The rights of navigation,
Meanwhile, more than 700
David C. Mebane, US attor-
fishing and hunting exist
persons attended a rally
ney for the Western District.
under the public trust doc-
Mebane had sought to test
trine on navigable lakes and
Tuesday night protesting a
streams within the reserva-
similar policy by the Lac
the rights of the general pub-
Courte Oreilles Indians.
lic to hunt and fish on the
tion, both before and after its
reservation by prosecuting
establishment in 1854, La
Persons involved in tour-
Follette's complaint said.
ism in the Hayward area
five persons on trespassing
charges.
The exception to that rule
have contended that the re-
is access to bodies of water
quirement that nontribesmen
La Follette's action would
restrain Mebane and other
that could not be reached
fishing on the Lac Courte
Oreilles reservation must
federal officials from arrest-
without trespassing on Bad
have a tribal license has hurt
ing, prosecuting or interfer-
River trust lands.
business.
ing with the rights of the
The arrest of the five ex-
Spokesmen sald that only
public to hunt and fish within
ceeded federal authority, La
one person was arrested for
the boundaries of the Bad
Follette said.
fishing without a proper li-
River Reservation.
"As beneficiary of the
cense on the Lac Courte Or-
The Bad River Tribe closed
state's trust ownership of all
eilles reservation, and the
the navigable waters of the
wildlife, including fish and
charge later was dropped.
reservation to hunting, fish-
game, within state bounda-
The rally at the Hayward
ing and trapping by non-In-
ries, the public has a legal
High School gymnasium was
dians last April. No cases had
right to take fish and game so
sponsored by the Citizens
been prosecuted until last
long as it complies with regu-
League for Civil Rights.
Chirann Tribune
THE WORLD'S GREATEST
NEWSPAPER
D. 767,793 SUN. 1.016,275
SEP 14 1976
Miccosukees find
success, freedom
Chicago Tribune Press Service
come their spokesman.
TAMIAMI TRAIL, Fla.-As motorists
"They told me to go listen to the
speed along this narrow highway cutting
white people when they had business
through the Florida Everglades, they
with them, to say nothing, and come
are greeted 40 miles west of Miami with
back and repeat exactly what the white
a welter of Indian qurio shops, alligator
people had said. They would make the
wrestling exhibits, and boat rides. It all
decisions, and I would go back and re-
smacks of third-rate tourist traps.
port them to the white people."
But the concessions belong to the Mic-
cosukee tribe, one of the most interest-
THIS WENT ON for several years,
ing in America because-despite the
Tiger said, because he was ignorant of
commercial trappings - it has fiercely
political dealings, but the elders gradu-
protected and insulated its traditional
ally began to respect his judgment.
way of life.
"Finally, they called me in and told
It has been able to do this in large
me I was wise enough to make negotia-
part because of the tribe's tall, craggy-
tions and decisions on my own, and they
faced leader of 30 years, Buffalo Tiger.
asked me-to become the leader."
Tiger, 56, one of the first Miccosukees
The Miccosukee reservation is the
to learn English, has succeeded in com-
only one in the country that has no Bu-
bining ancient Indian traditions with
reau of Indian Affairs officials adminis-
modern management techinques, mak-
tering the tribe. In 1971, the Miccosuk-
ing the 350 Miccosukees one of the most
ees decided they could take care of
independent tribes in the country.
themselves.
Tiger's rise to power in the tribe is a
NOW THE tribe believes it can be
lesson in how Indians traditionally pick
their leaders.
completely self-sufficient in the next 50
years with ranching and tourist opera-
"MY FATHER was a hunter who
tions, but still retain its distinctive tribal
couldn't speak English and warned his
culture.
children not to believe in and play with
"The Miccosukee doesn't want to give
white people," he said.
up their language, religion, and cul-
"But when I was a young man, I
ture," Tiger said, "but we realize the
wanted to improve myself; SO I went off
Everglades is shrinking every day.
to Miami to learn English and became a
"We recognize that we need educa-
house and sign painter."
tion, and we want some development
Apparently this impressed the tribal
here. But we want to do. it our way,
elders, he said, because they called him
because we don't want another Miami
back home and told him that, because
Beach here."
he could speak English, he was to be-
William Mullen
Dallas Times Herald
D. 243,524 SUN: 299,959
SEP 6 1976
Indian education coordinator
He's not an ordinary
By HOWARD SWINDLE
shoulders, tan cowboy boots and flow-
Staff Writer
ered western shirt with pearl snap but-
an
tons. No tie.
There are at least three good reasons
The row of Kiowa prints along his
bureaucrat
why it would behoove you to listen if
Cletis Satepauhoodle wants to talk:
wall looks uncharacteristically colorful
compared with the austere walls of the
He has a track record for knowing
outer office that are lined with official-
what he's talking about;
looking plaques and government-issue
He's 6-foot-5, weighs 262 pounds
pictures of the White House.
and worked his way through college by
It is this bulk of a man, working from
breaking halfbacks; and
this office, who coordinates educational
"My ambition was to be a coach and
His last name Satepauhoodle
activities for 70 Indian tribes scattered
to be No. 1," said Satepauhoodle, a fa-
(pronounced Sate-pau-hoo-dle) - is
through Oklahoma, New Mexico, Texas,
ther of three girls and married to a full-
Kiowan for "kill a bear."
Arkansas and Louisiana. The area ac-
Satepauhoodle is a 39-year-old full-
counts for about one-fourth of the na-
blooded Kiowa who recently moved into
tion's Indian population.
blooded Caddo Indian.
"Wheatridge was a high school utopia
a 14th-floor office in Main Tower as In-
Satepauhoodle, however, didn't start
for me. The kids got me interested in
dian education coordinator for the De-
out to work with Indian children. As he
being an Indian," Satepauhoodle said.
partment of Health, Education and Wel-
puts it, "I was non-Indian goal oriented
"They'd ask me questions about Indian
fare in Dallas.
to begin with." After a standout football
culture - questions I honestly couldn't
But Satepauhoodle, you see, isn't
career at Oklahoma's Southwestern
answer. I actually burned midnight oil
what you'd call your basic run-of-the-
State University, he "threw my line out
to study Indian issues.
mill-stereotype bureaucrat.
in the wind" to find a coaching job.
"They're the ones who really pro-
Even if you overlook the straw hat
The line ended in Zuni, N.M., where
voked me into looking at myself. I took
with a feather that hangs on the coa-
he initiated the reservation's first foot-
my heritage for granted until they made
track outside his office, you'd notice the
ball program. After breaking even the
me stop and think about it. It caused
can setting beside his desk. That's for
first year, Satepauhoodle put together
some real soul-searching. I had a change
the tobacco juice he frequently aims in
two 5-2 seasons before moving to Albu-
of heart and turned toward helping my
that direction.
querque's Del Norte High School.
fellow man, the Indian."
Satepauhoodle grinned at his recollec-
Then there's the long black hair gath-
From there it was to Denver's surbur-
tion of the day he decided to change
ered in the back and flowing past his
ban Wheatridge High Sohool, a peren-
careers, then spit tobacco juice toward
nial Colorado football power. It was
the can, hitting it this time. He refers to
here, strangely enough, that an all-
it as "the day the wild hair started
white class brought Satepauhoodle back
growing."
to his heritage.
After finding a program at Penn
State University for minority native
Contd.
HEW coordinator Cletis Satepauhoodle
Americans seeking their doctorate de-
One method of sidestepping the prob-
grees, the Satepauhoodle family "closed
lem, Satepauhoodle believes, is to make
up shop and moved out, lock, stock and
Indian history available "not just
barrel and started over."
George (Washington), but some Indian
Satepauhoodle will become Dr. Sate-
tribal leaders, too."
pauhoodle, with a doctorate in educa-
"It's not for everyone. Some kids are
tion, he says, "as soon as I get my act
influenced by parents who aren't Indi-
together and get it (his dissertation) ap-
an-oriented,' the Indian administrator
proved."
said. "Some have reached a level that
The dissertation will center on the
they don't want their children learning
educational achievement of Indian chil-
Indian culture. But it ought to be made
dren in grades three through six. "Up
available in public schools for those who
until the third or fourth grade, there's
want it.'
little difference in a child with regard to
Satepauhoodle, who says he was "for-
his color or background," Satepauhoodle
said.
tunate, lucky," feels a strong obligation
to Indian children who haven't been as
"But then peer pressure begins and
lucky. "We (Indians) have spent a long
that's when the Indian child notices he's
time waiting," he said. "Now, we've got
different from the white child. And
to do the best we can. I just don't want
since many of them have little cultural
to let anybody down.
upbringing, he finds that he can't get
"A tremendous amount of potential is
recognition." The result, he said, often is
being lost. All these people need is a
an Indian teen-ager with a chip on his
push. Without it, they could still be sit-
shoulder.
ting around down there at home"
The Oregonism
PORTLAND, OREGON
D. 245,132 SUN. 407,186
SEP 24 1976
Review commission comes to
Portland
on delicate Indian
fishing mission
By BILL KELLER
W62977
The initial reason was to take some
fear the commission will sell out the
of the heat off Sen. Mark Hatfield's and
first Americans on such issues as fish-
of The Oregonian staff
Rep. Les AuCoin's bill restoring federal
ing rights, while some non-Indians fear
WASHINGTON - A congressional
health, education and welfare benefits
it will give the whole country back to
committee studying federal policies to-
to the Siletz Indians on the Oregon
the Indians.
coast.
Normally the commission leaves
ward American Indians will tread, gen-
public hearings in the field to its Indian-
tly it hopes, into the fishing rights con-
During Senate hearings on the bill
run task forces, which are supposed to
troversy with a hearing Saturday in
last March, Oregon wildlife officials
lay the groundwork for the commis-
Portland.
said if the Siletz want back the federal
sion's own recommendations. Over the
It will be only the second time the
benefits taken away from them in the
American Indian Policy Review Com-
1950s, in exchange they should agree to
past year, some of the task forces have
mission has ven-
give up any possible game rights that
come to be viewed by congressional
tured out into the
may materialize later on.
members of the full commission as mili-
field to take tes-
Hatfield responded that the policy
tantly pro-Indian.
timony, and it
comes at a some-
review commission was the proper fo-
One task force, studying tribes
what awkward
rum for proposals on fishing rights, not
which have lost their federal benefits,
time both for par-
the Siletz bill, which he maintains is
came under fire from Hatfield when it
ties to the current
unrelated. The senator promised to re-
allegedly cut off non-Indians who were
Indian fishing dis-
quest hearings in Oregon to demon-
trying to participate in a hearing in Sa-
pute and for the
strate that the commission is seriously
lem last March.
commission itself.
going about the work of studying fish-
More recently, as the task forces
For one thing,
ing rights.
have been completing their reports,
the hearing (8 a.m.
Sen. James Abourezk, D-S.D., chair-
some of the commissioners have wor-
to noon in the
KELLER
man of the commission, said Saturday
ried aloud about the angry tone and
Bonneville Power
was his first opportunity to grant Hat-
dramatic nature of the recommenda-
Administration auditorium) comes close
field's request.
tions. Meeds, for instance, has declared
enough to the elections that some im-
The fishing controversy has already
some of the recommendations - such
portant participants can't, or daren't,
killed any chance of the Siletz bill pass-
as giving the Black Hills of South Dako-
be there.
ing Congress this year, and AuCoin says
th back to the Indians as "extremely
No representation is expected from
he is now studying the possibility of
unreasonable."
Washington, the state which is to Indi-
rewriting the bill to make it more toler-
an fishing rights what Boston is to bus-
While the commission meets in
able to critics in the state when it is
ing. And Rep. Lloyd Meeds, D-Wash.,
Portland, the chairman of the task force
reintroduced next year.
vice-chairman of the commission, says
studying the "federal Indian relation-
There is another angle to the Satur-
he can't spare the time from his tough
ship" will be completing his report on
day hearing, and that is what it will do,
re-election campaign, in which, Inciden-
hunting and fishing rights.
if anything, to restore the somewhat
tally, he is under attack for being "soft
The chairman, Assiniboine-Sioux ac-
shaky image of the commission itself.
on Indians."
tivist Hank Adams, said his report will
The commission has only four
For another thing, volatile negotia-
be sharply critical of government offi-
months until its final report and recom-
tions between Indian fishermen and the
cials, especially in the state of Washing-
mendations - billed as the most impor-
State of Oregon have latély simmered
ton, for allegedly manipulating data to
tant overhaul of Indian laws in decades
down to a rolling boil. There is always
make Indians look like the villains in
- are due, and it is already being
the risk that a morning of public postur-
the fishing rights dispute, for deliber-
viewed with some skepticism by Indi-
ing will heat things up again.
ans and non-Indians alike. Some Indians
So why hold a hearing?
Cont'd.
ately failing to enforce court decisions
guaranteeing the Indians a share of Co-
lumbia River and Puget Sound fish, and
for various other failings.
"The report will be primarily a do-
cumentation of the political and govern-
mental irresponsibility in dealing with
the issue," Adams said.
He said his recommendations will
include a greater emphasis on protect-
ing and enhancing the fisheries in the
Columbia and Puget Sound, including
federal investment in Indian hatcheries
and encouragement of private, non-
Indian fish enhancement programs; and
federal controls over non-Indian buyers
of Indian fish, now supposedly policed
by the states and tribes.
One other task force, assigned to
study "federal, state and tribal justice,"
already has issued a report including a
long section on hunting and fishing
rights.
That task force also scores the
states for inadequate enforcement of
court orders, and recommends a joint
resolution of Congress reaffirming Indi-
an rights.
Don Wharton, a non-Indian who
worked with the task force, said the
idea of the joint resolution is "to disa-
buse folks of the notion that continued
alberguergue Journal 9-30-76
resistance and continued action outside
the law will convince Congress to abro-
Isleta Clinic
gate Indian rights."
He also invited Schmitt to see new
That task force also recommended
Indian hospitals at Laguna Pueblo and
legislation assuring Indians payment of
Santa Fe.
their attorney fees if they win a court
case, and a requirement for Indian rep-
Pointed Out
Schmitt, who has unsuccessfully in-
resentation on such bodies as the Na-
vited Montoya to a formal debate,
tional Marine Fisheries Service and the
argues that the days of the powerful
International Pacific Salmon Fisheries
senior senators are passed.
Commission, which regulate fisheries.
Wharton said the task force also
By Montoya
Earlier Tuesday in Roswell, the sen-
ator defended the giant public works
strongly favored' economic incentives
job bill against President Ford's indict-
for cooperative ventures to improve the
By LARRY CALLOWAY
ments in the first debate with Jimmy
fish resource.
Carter.
To Adams and some other Indians,
ISLETA PUEBLO (AP) - Sen. Jo-
Saturday's hearing will be evidence that
seph M. Montoya, D-N.M., continuing
Montoya sponsored the bill in its ini-
the full commission plans to give the
his arms-length debate over the value
tial $6 billion version, which the-
task force reports short shrift.
of seniority, has invited Republican
President successfully vetoed. Later
"I think the most they're going to do
challenger Harrison "Jack" Schmitt to
Congress overrode Ford's veto of a
with them is merely publish them,"
visit the new Indian Health Service
$3.73 billion version which also bears
Adams said. "I think they will have
clinic at Isleta and see for himself.
Montoya's name.
virtually no influence on the final com-
mission report, the product submitted to
The two-term senator dedicated the
According to Montoya's figures the
Congress itself."
facility late Tuesday. It was built with
act will provide $21 million in federal
Adams says he wanted his task
a combination of $250,000 in federal
grants to state and local government
force to hold fishing rights hearings in
and local Indian funds and was
in New Mexico. This includes $10 mil-
Olympia and Portland a year ago, but
equipped through a special $200,000
lion for job-creating public works, $5.4
Meeds "blocked" the plan. Meeds says
appropriation cosponsored by Mon-
billion for sewer projects and $5.5 mil-
he warned Adams against "interfering
toya.
lion in revenue-sharing type grants to
in an on-going issue," but denies he
city and county governments.
prevented any hearings.
"There's been a man going all over
"The President refuses to see the
the state saying that seniority in the
wise-approach in this kind of endeavor
U.S. Senate doesn't count. I wish he'd
on the part of government. So as a
come here to Isleta to find out how it
result we're continuing to have more
does count," Montoya told about 50
and more unemployment," he said.
Indians.
A-6 ALBUQUERQUE JOURNAL Thursday, September 30, 1976
Official Says State Lost
Money for Not Asking
By JIM LARGO
"About that time, I received a letter
from Leonard Delayo, explaining why
Dr. Cordova went on to explain the
New Mexico's Dept. of Education
they had not submitted a proposal.'
agency's purpose and organization. He
lost $40,000 in technical assistance
Dr. Cordova did not explain, but De-
said Office of Bilingual Education
money available from the federal gov-
layo did through a telephone conversa-
(OBE) had $115 million for demonstra-
ernment for bilingual education be-
tion.
tion projects, training, and materials
cause the department did not apply for
centers across the nation.
the money on account of legislative
restraint, a federal official said
Delayo said the legislature had set a
budget for his department and would
Set up under the U. S. Office of Edu-
Wednesday.
not allow him funding over the budget
cation, OBE worked with 44 different
limits. He said Title VII money was
language groups last year, including
not the only federal funds turned
most Indian tribes, he said. The ag-
"I was very disillusioned that the
down. Other federal funds were in-
ency's main purpose is to provide
state did not apply for something like
volved also, he explained.
education in the language of children
$40,000 they had coming because of a
who de not speak English at an early
technicality in some law," said Dr.
age, he explained.
Rudy Cordova, director of planning
However, Jose A. Gandert Jr., direc-
division in the Office of Bilingual
tor of the Southwest Bilingual Educa-
He mentioned that about 25 million
Education.
tion Training Resource Center at the
people in the United States know and
University of New Mexico, said the
speak languages other than Egnlish.
He said five million of them are child-
Dr. Cordova, a native New Mexican
ren in schools and demanding bilin-
now living in Washington, D. C., was
.state follows a policy disallowing
gual education.
talking about Title VII money under
many federal funds to come into the
the Elementery and Secondary Educa-
state.
In order to be funded, a project
tion Act. He said the money "was
director must hold public hearings and
there for the asking," but the state did
He said state officials feel that when
submit a proposal to OBE, said Cor-
not apply for the funds.
the federal funds dry- up, the state
dova. The proposal, if accepted, must
would have to support those projects.
compete for funds with thousands of
other proposals from across the na-
He was a speaker at the workshop
tion.
session on Title VII at the eighth an-
Dr. Cordova said, "I felt badly be-
nual convention sponsored by National
cause that is money basically available
Indian Education Assn. in the Albu-
to the state by virtue of the allocation
querque Convention Center. The con-
here, distributed according to law.
vention ends today at 1:30 p.m.
"A state is entitled to 5 per cent of
"I checked on the proposals coming.
the total amount of money funded in
in. I did make a call to Leonard De-
Title VII projects in that state," he
layo (state superintendent of schools)
said. The money goes to state Dept. of
and to Sen. Joseph M. Montoya's (D-
Education for technical assistance to
NM) office, who is watchdog for Title
Title VII projects in the state.
VII on the hill, to notify him of my
concern.
The available funding could increase
to $120,000 next year, said Cordova.
"Now they can blow that again. I don't
really know the legality of it, but I'm
just concerned* because money like
this is hard to come by."
Dr. Cordova explained that New
Mexico was not the only state that did
not apply. "Out of the 37 states enti-
tled to get the money, 31 applied. So
the excess money that we had was dis-
tributed among other states."
THE NEW YORK TIMES, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 15, 1976
Museum Puts Indian Artifacts at 4.5 Million
The New York Times/Don Hogan Charles
Alexander F. Draper, director of inventory and administrator of the Museum of American Indians, Broadway and
155th Street, with a chart designed to organize inventory. On the wall is a ceremonial blanket of a northwest tribe.
More than a year ago, State Attorney
By LENA WILLIAMS
Genneral Louis J. Lekowitz charged some
cards identifying the millions of artifacts
of the former trustees and the former
collected over several decades," Alexan-
Ring the bell on the door of the research
director of the museum with giving away
der F. Draper, the newly appointed direc-
department of the Museum of the Ameri-
and selling artifacts from the museums
tor of the inventory and the museum's
can Indian and step into an Alice-in-Won-
collection in a wasteful and surreptitious
administrator, said yesterday. "The cata-
derland world of cowboys and indians.
manner.
logue was keypunched and the printouts
In rooms that seeP like huge doll-
Inventory Ordered
are being used to identify the artifacts."
houses, thousands of artifacts from In-
II
dian cultures are neatly lined up on
Mr. Lekowitz ordered an inventory to
shelves that throw off a scent of moth-
be taken at the museum to determine
balls. Surrounding a visitor to one of
which and how many of the artifacts
these rooms are some 600 Kachina dolls
if any, were missing.
from the Hopi tribes of the Southwest,
To date, the museum has counted and
200 spears, 30 papoose carriers, a bear
classified one-third of the collection. But
skin and a woven basket about the size
as of now, no one can tell for sure, if
of two pin heads.
anything is missing.
On another floor, several museum em-
The 43-foot totem pole outside the mu-
ployees are examining a table covered
seum is still there. So is a 20-foot tepee
with granite stones, arrowheads and pot-
tery, in a room where the shelves are
inside the main lobby of the research de-
filled with what appears to be a zillion
partment. But who is to say that some
stones.
of the beaded necklaces, leather mocca-
"I think the figure of a zillion might
sins, peace pipes, and hand-crafted clay
be a little high," said Gina Laczko, one
sculptures are still safely tucked away
of 20 workers who are conducting an
in the files.
inventory of the museum's estimated
"We have a catalogue of about 250,000
total of 4.5 million artifacts. "We are still
counting and labeling many of the arti-
facts, making it difficult at this time to
assess how Pany and what we have
here."
INDIAN NEWS CLIPS
OFFICE OF INFORMATION
202-343-7445
VOL. 6 NO. 43
OCTOBER 23, 1976
The Sunday
Oregonian
OCTOBER 17, 1976
FORD j LIBRAR 89853
Salmon, steelhead dwindle
Columbia fishery issue
diversifies
By BOB OLMOS
with a clearcut plan to share the fish
Dredging by the U.S. Army Corps of
of The Oregonien staff
when runs continue to be depleted? And
Engineers also threatens fish and wild-
The Columbia River fishing "prob-
wouldn't it be smarter to build up the
lem" is more than just an issue of Indian
fish population so there will be enough
life. Millions of cubic yards of silt have
versus non-Indian fishermen.
fish to go around? And can this be done
been dumped on river sites, destroying
There are as many facets to the con-
and how?
fish and wildlife habitat.
troversy as there are tributaries to the
Fish mortality is high in the river's
Concern over such threats to the
Columbia, from Lake Windermere, B.C.,
upper stretches. Adult and juvenile
fish runs was expressed at a recent pub-
1,200 miles to the Pacific Ocean.
salmon and steelhead are injured and
lic hearing in Portland that was con-
The problem that once seemed to
killed trying to get past numerous
ducted by the American Indian Policy
involve only fishermen of different
dams. At dams where mortality studies
Review Commission. Soon after the
races, squabbling over their respective
have been made, fish run mortality dur-
hearing, Sen. Mark Hatfield, R-Ore., an-
shares of the fish runs, now gets in-
ing high flow periods has been estimat-
nounced he would introduce legislation
creasing attention from fisheries biolo-
ed at 8 per cent. The percentage jumps
in January to set up a Northwest com-
gists, farmers, bureaucrats and charter
to 15 per cent during low river flows.
mission to look into regional fishery
boat operators, and all have something
Increasing demand for Irrigation
problems and recommend solutions to
to say about the river and its uses.
water from tributaries brings the threat
the federal government.
The Indian fishing issue remains a
of low river flows - and, in the case of
Robert Thompson, assistant director
major part of the controversy. Only last
the Umatilla River for three miles
of the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Com-
week, Bonneville Power Administration
above its confluence with the Columbia,
mission, talked about depletion of the
officials and Columbia River treaty In-
no flow.
river's fish runs.
dians signed an agreement almed at
There, "Three-Mile Dam," built in
At one time, Thompson said, about
what was termed "the preservation and
1917 by what was then called the Rec-
40 million pounds of fish were caught
enhancement" of fish runs. Which
lamation Service but owned today by a
annually In the river.
agency will conduct the proposed pres-
private irrigation district, is regulated
In 1975, he continued, total com-
ervation program was not announced.
to provide water for farming. This de-
mercial landings of salmon and steel-
There are other concerns, however.
mand has destroyed fishing on the
head amounted to 8,250,000. Since
For example, more and more people
Umatilla.
1957, he pointed out, there have been
have been asking, why try to come up
Cont'd.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR-BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
1951 Constitution Avenue N.W. Washington, D.C. 20245
Dam construction has slowed river
Alliances have come about as a re-
flows to the extent that during low
sult of the growing feeling that the time
flow periods young fish take an addi-
has come to concentrate on restoring
tional month to return to the sea. Inhib-
and preserving the resource.
iting fish that way is not good," Hass
Last spring, the Columbia River Ba-
said.
sin Fisheries Alliance was formed. It
"The longer young fish stay in re-
was the first time Indian and non-Indi-
servoirs, away from salt water, the
an river users joined forces to battle for
more dangers they face from preda-
"survival of the fish that remain in the
tors," he pointed out. "The longer they
river," according to Clifford Allen Sr., a
remain in fresh water, the more apt
Nez Perce who serves as chairman of
they will be to lose their migratory urge
the alliance.
and not return to sea to develop into
One of the first jobs the alliance
adult fish."
took on was conducting a study to de-
Oregon has no policy on allocations
termine how dredging is affecting river
of water from the Columbia for irriga-
runs.
tion purposes. It does, however, have
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
policies governing tributaries, Hass
supervises the major dredging work on
said. In Washington, the state Depart-
the Columbia, conducting a continuous
ment of Ecology is trying to draft regu-
maintenance program on dredge sites.
lations governing allocations of water
But no matter how careful the corps
from the Columbia, he added.
is, problems arise.
Hass said he feels such policies are
A major problem results from dis-
important in considering issues con-
posal of "spoils," the millions of cubic
cerning the river's use and its resources.
yards of silt dredged from the river.
Haas said the corps cannot always
"We have fully utilized the waters
meet state disposal recommendations.
of the Columbia, the flow is fully com-
"They sometimes just don't know
mitted," Haas said. "Any changes that
what to do with the stuff," he observed.
will be made in water uses in the future
The "stuff" has been dumped on
will have to be strictly tradeoffs."
some river areas that hurt fish and
What Haas would like to see is crea-
wildlife habitats.
tion of a water resources compact be-
Haas said the corps is continuing to
JAMES B. HAAS
tween Oregon, Washington and Idaho
seek ways of disposing of the "spoils."
similar to the Columbia River (Fisher-
These include one proposal that calls for
some years when only six million
ies) Compact. Such an agreement, he
said, would help develop equitable shar-
barging it to the sea and dumping it
pounds - or less have been caught.
Thompson is no alarmist. He even
ing of water resources, with resulting
there. But no one knows what that
would do to the ocean.
described eight- and nine-million-pound
improvement of fish runs.
If "spoils" are dumped in the ocean,
annual catches as "good for recent his-
several actions aimed at bettering
probably one of the first to protest
tory."
the river's fish resources are afloat.
would be Don Christensen, a member of
But his fears becaine apparent as he
The biggest is a $50 million package
both the Oregon Guides and Packers
described how federal and state agen-
to build eight hatcheries to replace
Association and the Columbia River Ba-
cies are doing nothing to enhance the
salmon and steelhead lost at four Corps
sin Fisheries Alliance.
runs. Millions of state and federal dol-
of Engineer projects on the lower Snake
A charter boat operator since 1952,
lars have been spent to keep fish runs
River, the major Columbia tributary
Christensen said he feels threatened by
up to par, he noted. But he added that
and the one that produces the most
battles that continue over fish alloca-
he believes enhancement means doing
bountiful upper-river runs.
tions on the Columbia.
more than just keeping the fishery
Although Congress has allowed the
Demands for fish on the river could
alive.
expenditure, it has not allocated the
limit amounts taken per person on char-
James B. Haas, assistant head of the
money yet.
ter fishing trips, Christensen said, add-
environmental management section of
If the region gets the money, it will
ing that this could hurt business:
the Oregon Department of Fish and
be the first time compensation has been
He hopes that by the end of this
Wildlife, is an outspoken advocate of
made for mortalities caused by dams,
year there will be an organization of
river restoration and preservation.
according to Chuck Junge, Oregon De-
charter boat operators to provide the
"Give us the means to produce more
partment of Fish and Wildlife research-
muscle to fight for their livelihood.
fish and we will get rid of the social
er.
Jack Marincovich, president of the
problems we face," he declared.
"In order to maintain the runs that
Columbia River Fishermen's Protective
Upper Columbia River runs contin-
we have," Junge said, "we have to keep
Union, which has a membership of 400,
ue to suffer despite investment over the
on working at modifying dam opera-
feels both Indian and non-Indian gillnet-
years of more than $250 million for fish
tions so that we can cut down mortali-
ters have done more than their share in
ladders, hatcheries and spawning chan-
ties. And we need to supplement those
trying to resolve differences over al-
nels to reduce fish mortality.
mortalities we can't reduce through
locations.
(Dams on the Columbia and Snake
hatchery programs."
"The biggest problem is with people
rivers and their tributaries have cut in
Another proposal before Congress
who fish for fun - for recreation. They
half the natural habitat available to Co-
asks for $15 million for batcheries to
always say they will cooperate with us
lumbia Basin salmon and steelhead
compensate for fish losses expected to
who fish for a living, but at every ses-
runs, according to an analysis released
result from construction of a second
sion of the Legislature they introduce
last September.)
powerhouse at McNary Dam near Uma-
15 to 20 bills that are aimed against us.
tilla.
Cont'd.
I have confidence that the runs can be
And then there are those who ask,
Indians are reluctant to Hst the num-
improved, but there have to be more
"Why produce more fish in the Colum-
bers of tribesmen who fish commercial-
stringent regulations governing those
bia when Canadian fishermen would
ly and for subsistence. They are afraid,
people who fish for fun," Marincovich
catch 30 per cent of some runs return-
they say, that whatever flgures are re-
said.
ing to the river?"
leased will somehow be used against
Chuck Voss, executive vice-presi-
One person asking that question is
them when future legal matters arise in
dent of Trout Unlimited and the North-
Fred Cleaver of the National Marine
courts. They say that all members of
west Steelhead and Salmon Council of
Fisheries Service.
the four tribes, in one way or another,
Washington, said he feels that the deci-
Cleaver said he feels any preserva-
benefit from the fishery resource. En-
sion by Judge George C. Boldt in 1974,
tion or enhancement program for the
rolled membership in the four tribes, as
which entitled Indians to 50 per cent of
Columbia must wait until a U.S.-
of Oct. 1, was 12,295.
all fish caught in "usual and accus-
Canadian treaty stabilizes ocean fishing
Sen. James Abourezk, D-S.D., in
tomed" fishing areas, was a "violation
regulations and management regimes.
conducting the recent American Indian
of the principles of Independent, uni-
Indians say their method of fishing
Policy Review Commission hearing.
fied, expert management of the re-
traditionally considered natural restora-
stressed a point when he began the ses-
source."
tion and preservation.
sion. His words drew the line that the
He said Boldt's action did not take
"We were always concerned with
session followed.
into consideration the factors of "waste,
enhancement until the time federal and
"One voice that will not speak here
preservation of wild and native stocks
state agencies came along and built
today is the voice of the river and its
or the maintenance of an orderly fish-
dams and started polluting the river,"
resource," he said. "I hope that those
ery for all user groups."
said Harris Teo, chairman of the Yaki-
who testlfy will also speak for the river
ma Nation's fish and wildlife commit-
and Its resource."
tee.
"We are committed to enhancement,
to things that will produce more fish.
User groups that get emotional about
issues concerning the river are not pro-
ductive."
How many Indians in the four river
treaty tribes (Yakimas, Warm Springs,
Nez Perce, Umatillas) fish the Columbla
and trlbutaries that fall under the
treaty?
UPRIVER RUNS (Above dams)
Lower River
Summer
Spring
Summer
Sockeye
Steelhead
Fall
Chinook
Chinook
Chinook
250
Total Catch in Columbia River and Tributaries
250
STRELMEAD
CHINOOK SALMON
(In thousandsio of fish)
200
200
SOCKETS
150
150
100
100
TENS OF THOUSANDS
50
TENG OF THOUGANDS
50
None
None
*******
*******
1973
1978
if
the
,1973
1976
1973
1976
ti
if
1051.
1964-
///
1974.
111
DECLINING RUNS - Compilation of data furnished by Chuck Junge,
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife research specialist, shows fish runs
that could have been maintained had dams not been built. Sustainable
yields decline in upriver runs after dam construction. Fall Chinook runs on
lower Columbia River haven't been affected but are increasing.
MILWAUKEE JOURNAL
OCT
9
1976
Menominee Charged in Escape Case
Special to The Journal
LaTender is one of two
Vele was charged with
Neopit, Wis. - Paul La-
men suspected of assaulting a
taking 2 rifles and 14 flares
jailer, locking him up and re-
Sept. 21 from the Neopit of-
Tender, 26, of Neopit, one of
three fugitives sought by the
leasing a third man from the
fice of Menominee County
FBI in connection with an
jail Sept. 22. He was charged
Sheriff Kenneth Fish and of
escape from the tribal jail in
in a US grand jury indictment
escaping a day later from the
the next day.
tribal jail, where he was
Keshena, was captured in
Also indicted by the grand
being held after the robbery.
Menominee County Friday
and later arraigned before a
jury were Curtis Vele, also
US magistrate in Green Bay.
known as Brian Miller, 22, of
Kakwitch was charged
He was being held Satur-
Bowler, and Elmer Kakwitch
along with LaTender with
day in Brown County Jail
Jr., 21, of Neopit. Both re-
helping Vele escape and with
under a $10,000 bond.
mained at large Saturday.
assaulting the jailer.
OCT 5
1976
Deputies' Roles
Vincent was among nine
deputies whose duties were.
limited by Myse to serving as
Bring Complaint
radio dispatchers and jailers
after a suit was filed by Louis
Webster of Neopit, a former
deputy. Webster charged that
Special to The Sentinel
Atty. Richard Stadelman
the nine were prohibited by
Shawano, Wis. - Menomi-
called them part of a "con-
state law from being deputies
nee County Sheriff Kenneth
tinuing pattern of harass-
because they were convicted
Fish and his brother, Vincent,
ment" by critics of the sher-
felons.
iff.
appeared in Circuit Court
Myse denied the motion to
In court Monday, Vincent
here Monday on charges of
dismiss and directed the sher-
Fish said he was en route
violating a court order limit-
iff and his brother to obtain
home Sept. 24 when he heard
ing the duties of nine convict-
legal counsel and prepare for
about the crime over his CB
ed felons used as deputies.
their defense. Myse said the
radio and headed for the Neil
The complaint, filed last
next court appearance would
Hawpetoss home. Once there,
Friday by Phyllis Girouard, a
be in the third week of Octo-
Vincent was directed by the
Menominee Indian Legal
ber.
sheriff to park his car across
Defense/Offense Committee
attorney, alleges that Fish
The judge appointed Atty.
the driveway leading to the
home, he said.
Dennis Luebke of Little
had his brother, Vincent,
serve in a law enforcement
Chute as special prosecutor in
Inside the Hawpetoss home
the case and instructed him
authorities found the body of
capacity Sept. 24 while on a
murder investigation after
to investigate the charges.
Lyle N. Welch, 24, of Bowler,
who had been shot to death.
Vincent was enjoined from
The complaint against the
doing so by Circuit Judge
brothers stated that Atty.
Lloyd Gauthier, 19, of
Gordon Myse in August.
Girouard and a companion,
Kèshena, was charged in
The complaint accused
Patricia Hawpetoss, observed
Federal Court last week with
Vincent of participating in a
Vincent Fish manning a road-
concealing knowledge about
roadblock. It also asked that
block Sept. 24 near the home
the shooting. He was accused
the sheriff be cited for con-
of Patricia's brother, Neil
of being in the house during
Hawpetoss of Keshena Falls,
tempt of court.
the shooting but refusing to
and that Vincent was wear-
tell authorities about it.
In calling for dismissal of
ing a badge.
the charges, an angry Dist.
MILWAUKEE SENTINEL
MILWA
0
OCT
6 1976
Jury Releases
nee County Sheriff's deputies
in connection with violation
of federal laws for convicted
Indictment of 3
felons. The indictments were
released after the two men
were in custody Tuesday.
Colin G. Lawe, 34, and
Gene Jacobs Jr., 46, were
named in the indictments in
connection with acquisition
of firearms by a convicted
felon. The indictments
charged each man with mak-
ing false statements about his
status as a convicted felon
when each purchased guns in
the Menominee County area
between 1973 and last Au-
KAKWITCH
LaTENDER
VELE
gust.
An impounded US grand
Third and fourth counts of
The indictment against
jury thent against three
the indictment charged Kak-
Lawe charged he made the
men sought in connection
witch and LaTender of aiding
false statements when he
i
FOND
with a jall break and armed
in Vele's escape and assault-
purchased a revolver in 1975
robbery of the Menominee
ing Carl Maskewit, the acting
and a shotgun in 1974 from a
County Sheriff's Department
jailer.
bait: shop in Pulcifer, a re-
LIBRAR
last month was released by
volver in 1974 and a rifle in
federal authorities here Tues-
1973 from a Shawano sport-
day.
ing goods store and a rifle at
Federal authorities are
a Greshem grocery store in
seeking Curtis Vele, 22, also
1974.
known as Brian Miller, Elmer
Lawe was convicted in
J. Kakwitch Jr., 21, and Paul
Memominee County Circuit
J. LaTender, 26, in connec-
Court of attempted aggravat-
tion with several counts is-
ed battery on Dec. 18, 1962
sued in the grand jury indict-
ments. The indictment was
Jacobic who: save himself
issued Sept. 23, but impound-
up Tuesday to Don P. Duffy,
ed pending the arrest of the
US macistrate In Green Bay,
men, federal authorities said.
was named in the other in
dictment for possessing fire
Warrants have been issued
arms after being convicted in
for thelr arrests in connection
Shawano County Climit
with a series of incidents on
Court hr 1957 of $ Margiery
the Menominee Reservation
and of voluntary manslaugh
Sept. 21 and 22.
ter in 1989 in a Cook County
The indictment charges
(Illeadis) Court
Vele with one count of steal-
ing two rifles and 14 flares
Pinelo
charges
from the Menominee County
he made falm statements
Sheriff's Department in Neo-
when purchasing suns in
pit Sept. 21 and with one
June and August Mr.
count of escaping custody of
nom Reservation.
a Bureau of Indian: Affairs
officer: Vete was being held
Sept.22 in the MeDominee
Tribules Building in Keshéna
in competion with the al-
leged armed pobbery the
guns when he escaped
MJLWAUKEE SENTINEL
Chirano Critime
MEDWAUKEE WISC.
THE
OCT
8
1976
SEP 26 1976
Mistreatment of Indians
Signup Starts
WESTCHESTER- want to express
my admiration for William Mullen's
description of the plight of the American
Indian, and at the same time record my
In Menominee
disgust concerning the sordid treatment
of the red man.
We boast of liberty and freedom, but
we deny it to the only true Americans,
Bylaws Vote
much of it in the name of progress and
civilization.
Discrimination and exploitation against
Special to The Sentinel
the Indians has been such that by com-
parison blacks and Latin Americans
Keshena, Wis. - Menomi-
should feel welcomed. We try to force
nee Indian tribe members in-
our brand of democracy upon the Indian,
tending to participate in the
but deny him the type of freedom he and
vote on a proposed constitu-
his forebears cherished. I doubt that
tion and bylaws for the tribe
there has been one major treaty that
must register with the
Frattle
has not been violated by industrial inter-
Federal/Tribal Election
ests, with the blessing of, and in collusion
Board by Oct. 20, according
with, elected or appointed officials.
to a notice issued by the three
John B. Battistella
member board.
Registration forms are
OCT
3
1976
being mailed to eligible per-
sons on the recently complet-
ed tribal rolls from the Elec-
tion Board office at 831 Sec-
NW Tribes Hail
ond Avenue South, Minneap-
olis, Minn. 55402. Those
forms must then be returned
to that office by Oct. 20.
Health Care Act
Registered voters will then
W4297F
receive their ballots, which
SPOKANE - Presi-
we were worried the bill
OCT 6
1976
must be returned to the Min-
dent Ford's enactment
wouldn't make it
neapolis office by 1 p.m. Nov.
of the National Indian
through before Congress
12.
Ready to talk
Health Care Improve-
recesses."
ment Act was heralded
Representatives
0
BANGOR, Maine-A lawyer for
about 45 tribes from
two Indian tribes has placed the
as a victory by repre-
Washington. Oregon,
value of Indian land claims in Maine
sentatives of Northwest
Idaho and Montana were
at $25 billion and says he is still pre-
Affiliated Indian Tribes
in conference when news
pared to negottate an out-of-court
attending an annual con-
of Ford's approval ar-
settlement, sources said. Maine Atty.
ference here.
rived.
Gen. Joseph E. Brennan later told
reporters that the state does not be-
The measure, signed
lieve there is any merit to claims
by Ford Friday, pro-
by the Passamaquoddy and Penob-
vides $480 million for a
scot Indians to 12 million acres of
three-year program to
land in Maine and that he would not
upgrade medical care
for Indians on reserva-
negotiate those cliams. Thomas Tur-
tions and in urban clin-
een, representing the Indians, told
ies.
U.S. District Court Judge Edward
"We've been sweating
T. Gignoux, and other lawyers in-
this out for two years,
volved in the land dispute, that if
said Chuck Trimble, ex-
there is an out-of-court settlement,
ecutive director of the
the Indians "as a matter of grace
National Conference of
would not seek to dispossess any
American Indians
landowner," according to sources
who attended the closed meeting in
"We worried about a
Gignoux' chambers.
veto 1 think we had
enough support in Con-
gress to override. But
The Seattle Daily
SEP 3 0 1976
Tribal officers cite
fishing violations
By DON HANNULA
On September 6, Judge Boldt enjoined non-Indian
Times Staff Reporter
fishing in Puget Sound to allow Indians catchup time
to get their share. He said violations could result in a
TACOMA -- Indian tribal enforcement officers
testified here yesterday that they have witnessed nu-
penalty of reducing the non-Indian share by 20,000
merous non-Indian-gillnetter violations of a federal-
salmon for each day of violation.
court injunction.
Whenever, waters have been closed to non-Indi-
The testimony was presented in a hearing on re-
ans and open to Indians, citations issued to non+Indi-
quests by attorneys for the Indians for temporary re-
ans by the State Fisheries Department have been
straining orders aimed at halting state courts from
thrown out of state courts. The state courts have tak-
interfering with federal-court rulings of Judge
en the position that state law allows the Fisheries
George H. Boldt.
Department to impose closures only for conservation
United States Magistrate Robert Cooper, desig-
- not for allocation between Indians and non-Indi-
nated as master to hear matters in the Boldt Indian
ans.
fishing-rights decision, continued the hearing until a
Non-Indian gillnetters, because of this, continued
still-unspecified time.
to fish after the Boldt injunction. However, that fish-
Cooper said. however, that whatever he does will
ing has subsided because the state has imposed a clo-
only be in the form of a recommendation to Judge
sure against non-Indians and Indians alike as a con-
Boldt. now out of state and not scheduled to return
servation measure due to a poor coho-salmon return,
until October 27.
Attorneys for the State Fisheries Department
The matter was part of the continuing legal dis-
argued yesterday that the question of further re-
pute concerning implementation of Judge Boldt's
straining orders is moot because of the total closure.
February 12, 1974, decision that treaty Indians are
Indian patrol officers testified yesterday that they es-
entitled to the opportunity to catch half the harvesta-
timated about 100 non-Indian gillnetters were fishing
ble salmon and steelhead returning to traditional off-
in Bellingham Bay September 18 and they document-
reservation grounds.
ed 20 of those violations.
STAR TRIBUNE
CASHER, WYOMING
Date
10/7
Federal rules and regulations top water agenda
JACKSON - Federal laws
Oct. 18-19 at the Ramada Snow
and regulations affecting
King Inn in Jackson.
'clude "non-point and point
serves as an important forum
planning for Wyoming water
return flows", Indian water
for exchange of ideas and
will top the agenda.
Sen. Cliff Hansen, R-Wyo.,
right claims, Bureau of
thoughts on Wyoming water, a
will be the luncheon keynote
Reclamation projects in
resource which is vital to this
The
Wyoming
speaker the opening day of the
Wyoming and citizen respon-
Water
state," said Donald J. Brosz,
Development Association will
meeting.
sibilities in Wyoming water
extension irrigation engineer at
resources.
meet Monday and Tuesday,
Specific speaker topics in-
the University of Wyoming and
"The annual convention
WWDA secretary.
The Phoenix Gazette
PHONES ARIA
SEP 30 1976
Sun-Heated Water Use
Is Slated At Kayenta
1 Sunpower Systems
of dumping snow off the
Arizona and is setting up
Corp. of Tempe has begun
collectors and keeping
others in Fountain Hills,
installing solar collectors
water from freezing in the
Apache Wells, Glendale
on the Navajo Indian
pipes during the cold
and Tucson. In addition,
Reservation at Kayenta.
northern Arizona winters.
the firm recently pro-
William C. Matlock,
"THE SYSTEM will
posed a 75-horsepower
solar pumping installation
president, said the Indian
heat water during the day
to the Arizona Cotton
owner of a coin-operated
and store it in an under-
Growers Association
laundry on the reserva-
tion will use solar energy
ground 4,000-gallon stor-
to heat water for the
age tank," he added.
"Water for use in the
laundry.
washers will be drawn
"IT'S THE only com-
from the storage facility."
mercial laundry in Kayen-
ta and, to my knowledge,
Matlock, who recently
is the only facility which
unveiled his Solar Carou-
uses solar energy on an
sel a solar unit which
Indian reservation," Mat-
tracks the sun in both
lock said.
planes plans to intro-
duce his "Solarime Chill-
Sunpower designed the
TULSA. OKLA.
er" tonight to the Tempe
solar system to heat 45
Lions Club, where he will
D 114,222 SUN 200,191
per cent of the water used
speak at 7 p.m.
by the laundry during
December and 100 per
MATLOCK says the
OCT 5 1976
cent in June.
Solarime Chiller will be
the "answer to high-cost
Incorporated into the
electronic controls of the
refrigeration in Arizona."
Tribal Program
system is an automatic
Sunpower has installed
freeze protector capable
11 solar units throughout
Funds Approved
The Oklahoma Tribal Assistance Pro-
gram Inc. has been funded for fiscal
1977 with $567,320. The money from the
Comprehensive Employment and
Training Act, Title III, U.S. Depart-
ment of Labor, will be used in a work
training program for Tulsa County In-
dian residents.
Goals were exceeded in several ca-
tegories during the fiscal year which
ended Sept. 30, Evelyn Stephens, pro-
gram director, said
Goals, followed by
achievements, included:
Residents served, 448 and 1,965
cational training, 152 and 257; employ
ment, 98 and 904; on-the-job tranking,
86 and 229; summer work program, 100
and 106.
Applications are being taken at the
program's office at 2619 E. 21st St.
/
Crow tribe will consider
BILLINGS GAZETTE
BILLINGS, MONTANA
reservation coal mining
Date
10/8
By JOEL M. PEASE
ity to his own chairman post to seek legal
Of The Gazette Staff
and technical counsel for further talks.
Negotiations have been at a stale-
CROW AGENCY - Crow Indian
mate since 1974 when a moratorium was
tribal members will meet again Saturday
called on further negotiations with Shell
in a 2 p.m. council session to consider
Oil, AMAX, Peabody and Gulf, who are
opening negotiations with four major fuel
urging the Crows to allow development of
companies that want to mine coal on and
the strip mines.
near the reservation.
Stands said re-negotiation and settle-
Discussion will center on a resolution
ment with the companies could result in
to establish a 12-member tribal negotiat-
advance royalties of about $30 million to
ing committee and to set ground rules for
the tribe, and additional royalties of about
the group aimed at protecting the reserva-
$81 million over a 10-year period.
tion and providing for per-capita distribu-
Other tribal members, however, have
tion of profits to the tribe.
urged the tribe to hold out as long as pos-
sible. In addition, some of the Crows are
DeWitt Dillon, who submitted the
totally against any development and want
latest proposal, has said most Crows favor
to preserve the land from strip mining. A
developing the coal mines, but only if
resolution at last month's council, aimed
done properly to prevent a "sellout."
at opening talks, was tabled.
But Tribal Chairman Pat Stands de-
Also under consideration will be a
clared Dillon's resolution is unconstitu-
proposal to audit spending in tribal affairs
tional because it gives the tribal vice
and other federal programs that benefit
chairman and vice secretary authority to
the tribe.
negotiate for the tribe. Stands said this
Other areas of discussion will include
conflicts with the tribal constitution and
tribal contract programs, additions to trib-
by-laws.
al rolls, the tribal credit program, possible
He added that he may submit a sub-
selection of tribal judges, establishment of
stitute resolution, also calling for negotia-
a Crow health authority, and improve-
tions to begin, but providing more author-
ment of adult education.
SALT LAKE TRIBUNE
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
Date
10/11
nation are expected.
There will be more than
- Explore concern
- Declare major poli-
100 tribes, Indian organ-
that the Ford administra-
cy decisions for debate
lizations and federal and
tion will make detremen-
and adoption on Indian
state agencies rep-
tal changes in Indian
treaties, tribal govern-
Indians
resented.
policy before the end of
ment, jurisdiction and
the year. Also, examine
federal administration.
Lester M. Chapoose,
Jimmy Carter's position
Utah tribal chairman,
on Indian affairs.
The Utes have planned
Ready
said principal purpose of
a public sale of Indian
the event is to review
Discuss the Indian
arts and crafts in the Salt
congressional legislation
Finance Act, Indian Edu-
Palace Assembly Hall
Utah
and other issues affect-
cation Act, Indian Health
Oct. 19-21 from 10 a.m. to
ing American Indians.
Care Improvement Act,
3 p.m., and have
Indian housing "and a
scheduled a NCAI Indian
Theme of the five-day
half dozen additional cur-
parade Oct. 20 at 6 p.m.
Meeting
conclave is "Justice
rent problems, particu-
Indians from throughout
Through Tribal
larly in the areas of land
the nation in full traditon-
Sovereignty.' The dele-
and water rights."
al tribal costumes will
More than 3,000 dele-
gates will:
march from South Tem-
gates are expected for
- Scrutiize recent re-
ple and State Street south
the 33rd annual conven-
commendations by the
to 4th South, then west to
tion of the National Con-
congressional American
West Temple and east to
gress of American In-
Indian Policy. Review
the Salt Palace.
dians in the Salt Palace
Oct. 18-22. The Ute Tribe
Commission, including a
proposal to abolish the
will host the event.
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Indian government
and establish an indepen-
representatives from
dent "super" agency to
nearly every tribe in the
administer all Indian af-
fair functions on federal
land.
Followup
OSCAR NIGHT, 1973, Marlon Brando won for "The Godfather."
But it was Sacheen Littlefeather who approached the stage to
refuse his gold statuette and tell a national audience that Brando
was protesting the treatment of American Indians.
The name Littlefeather-given her because she always wore a
feather in her braids-left the news as quickly as it entered. That
brief noteriety, she says today, only hurt her because people
"distorted" her Oscar appearance as the political move of an
activist.
"I fasted and prayed for two days beforehand," she said from
her home in Marin County, Cal. "I went to mass, confession,
communion, and then I went to the sweat lodge in native Ameri-
can rites.
"I thought I was doing this for the children. No Indian child
can grow up with the image of Indians whooping and hollering
and raping white women on the screen. We need an American
Chirann Critime
Indian movie star
So Littlefeather persuades her friends in the Red Earth Thea-
1976
tel. Company, an Indian troupe, to try out for parts in movies.
She said she's costarring in a movie now. being made-though
she won't release its name-and has played Indian roles in the
"Billy Jack" movies and in "Winterhawk" and "Firecloud." ["I
4
choreograph my own fight scenes."]
Littlefeather acts, tours with Red Earth staging Indian legends,
OCT
goes on speaking tours, teaches Indian dancing-and appeared at
the Oscars-in the name of expanding Indian culture and helping
her people get jobs. "Chinese, Latins, and blacks come first" in
hiring, she said. "Our whole race has been ignored."
In all she does, Sacheen Littlefeather remembers her childhood
as a White Mountain Apache. "I suffered a lot of prejucice
growing up," she said. "I was not allowed to go to cafes, restau-
AP Wirephoto
rants because I was an Indian. I've had people beat me up
Sacheen Littlefeather: Time for "an Indian movie star."
because I was an Indian."
PHOENIX, ARIZ.
5 1976
Arizona Court
Power Invalid
Over Indians
"Arizona has no authority to extend
W 2 450
the application of its laws to an In-
dian reservation," the Arizona Su-
preme Court said in an opinion
Wednesday that extends the guaran-
tee of sovereignty to reservations
created by executive order.
Reservations created by treaty,
such as the Navajo reservation, were
guaranteed sovereignty by the
The ruling means that state courts
and law-enforcement officers have no
jurisdiction on the 19.4 million acres
of Indian reservations. This comprises
nearly 27 per cent of Arizona.
THE CASE involves a paternity suit
brought by the state on behalf of a.
Tucson woman in Pima County Super-
visor Court against a Papago Indian
living in Sells, on the reservation.
The Supreme Court overturned an
Appeals Court decision and ruled that
a Pima County sheriff's deputy has no
authority to serve a Superior court
summons on the reservation.
The unanimous high court opinion,
written by Justice Jack D. H. Hays,
held that although the Papago reser-
vation is not guaranteed sovereignty
in the 1917 order that created it,
exclusive sovereignty is implied.
THE RESERVATION should be
GAZETTE
treated the same as those cretaed by
treaties with sovereignty guarantees,
the court ruled.
The Arizona Legislature has failed
to respond to the federal 1968 Civil
Rights Act which requires the state to
amend its Constitution and receive
consent from the tribes before it can
enforce state laws on the reservations,
the high court said.
"It is clear that Arizona has not
displayed a desire to assume either
jurisdiction over Indian lands or its
concomitant responsibilities," Hays
PAGE ONE
OCT
treaties.
wrote.
Reservations not refuges
BILLINGS CASE/TE
Date
10/8
for debtors, court rules
not have the power to enforce that judgment
HELENA (AP) - Indian reservations are
because the property subject to such writ is lo-
not sanctuaries from Montana's civil laws any
cated on the Crow Indian Reservation," the
more than they are sanctuaries from the
chief justice wrote.
state's criminal laws, the Montana Supreme
"In effect, they ask that the reservation
Court ruled on Thursday.
be treated on an even par with our sister
"This appeal adds another chapter in the
states. Such a situation would not be feasible,
never-ending story of Indian jurisdiction,"
since the Crow Tribe does not provide for the
Chief Justice James T. Harrison wrote in the
honoring of state court judgments, nor is the
unanimous opinion.
'full faith and credit' clause applicable to the
The ruling overturned a decision by Dis-
tribe."
trict Court Judge Charles Luedke, who had
The Supreme Court said that since the
prevented Little Horn State Bank of Hardin
business transaction was made outside the re-
from garnishing the wages and seizing other
servation, and since the tribal court has no
property of a couple who live on the Crow In-
provision for enforcing state court judgments,
dian Reservation to satisfy an unpaid loan.
the state court was the proper place for the le-
Robert and Norma Stops failed to repay a
gal action to be taken.
loan from the bank, and the bank won a court
"Until the Crow Tribe has provided a
judgment of $3,541 against them in February,
means of such enforcement or acted in some
the Supreme Court recounted.
manner within this area, we fail to see how
When the Big Horn County sheriff gar-
tribal self-government is interfered with by as-
nished the couple's wages, they secured an in-
junction preventing such action against their
suring that reservation Indians pay for their
income or other property.
debts incurred off the reservation," Harrison
"wrote.
The Stops "urge us to hold that a court
"In this case the tribal members elected
having jurisdiction to render a judgment does
to leave the reservation and conduct their af-
The Aliani Herald
fairs within the jurisdiction of the state courts.
When they do so they are submitting them
MIAMI
selves to the laws of this state. They cannot Vi-
D.
olate those laws and then retreat to the sanc-
ii
tuary of the reservation for protection."
OCT 2
1976
Chamber of Commerce
Now Has It
Steel Box May Hold
Osceola's Remains
OCALA (AP) - The Chamber of Com-
of truce following a Christmas-time 1835
merce isn't sure, but it believes that a weld-
massacre of Maj. Francis L. Dade and his
ed-shut steel box it has received contains the
command of 110 men near Dunnellon, Fla.
bones of the legendary Seminole Indian
chieftain Osceola.
ACCORDING TO legend, a doctor ampu-
tated the chief's head to keep as a souvenir.
The box was presented to the chamber by
The steel box containing the headless re-
officials of a Rainbow Springs tourist attrac-
mains was delivered to Context Develop-
tion. They say they got it from a Miamian
ment Corp., owners of the tourist attraction,
who claimed he had stolen the chief's bones
by former Miami City Commissioner Otis
from Fort Moultrie, S.C.
Shiver, according to company officials.
Osceola died as a prisoner at Fort Moul-
Shiver reportedly claimed he stole the
trie in 1838. He was captured under a flag
bones and returned them to Florida five
Contd
years ago.
Context handed the box over to the
participate in a fraud, especially concerning
a great Indian leader."
Ocala-Marion County Chamber of Com-
merce this week It had been resting in the
HOWEVER, HE said, "If those are human
Dunnellon State Bank.
remains, levity is inappropriate and this
William Fleming of the Dunnellon Bicen-
should be treated with respect."
tennial Committeee said federal officials be-
McKeever suggested that the chamber ac-
lieve Osceola's bones are in the box "and
cept the box and send it to the Florida State
once we get them in place, anyone who
Museum for an opinion on whether the con-
questions it is going to have to prove they
tents are really Osceola's bones.
aren't."
But Fleming says, "The burden of proof
John McKeever, chamber director and
that the bones are not real is on those who
Chief Osceola
Ocala attorney, said, "We do not want to
disbelieve."
died in 1838
THE ARIZONA REPUBLIC
PHOENIX, ARIZ
D 202,' EURL 301,213
OCT 7 1976
U.S. probing bond election on reservation
6297°F
By BILL DONOVAN
districts earlier this year.
election on the
English and Spanish, lan-
ute, he said, provides that
Apache County voters
reservation.
guages many Navajos
in areas where the lan-
ST. JOHNS - The U.S.
Justice Department has
approved the $4.5 million
County officials argued,
can't read, and failed to
guage of a significant
begun an investigation
bond issue in late August
however, that written no-
amount of the population
mention that the funds
by 1,699 to 1,644. The vote
tices were published in
is unwritten, officials are
into a recent school-bond
would be used off the
election here to determine
on the reservation was
the reservation news-
required to supply "oral
reservation.
if Apache County officials
heavily against the
paper, the Navajo Times,
instructions, assistance or
properly publicized the
proposal, while the vote in
which they' said fulfilled
Peterson Zah, director
other information relating
the southern, predomi-
their legal requirements
of DNA, the legal-aid
to registration and
election on the Navajo
nantly Anglo section of
to inform Navajo voters.
organization on the reser-
voting."
Reservation.
the county was heavily in
vation, said one area open
A letter from the Jus-
favor.
Leaders of the political
to question is whether
ACTIVE leaders had
tice Deaprtment also has
group, the Apache County
the county was required
asked the county to publi-
advised county school offi-
Reservation voters op-
Team Initiating Voter
by law to make more at-
cize the election over the
cials not to proceed with
posed the proposal be-
Equality (ACTIVE), con-
tempts to inform the
radio in Navajo but coun-
the sale of bonds until the
cause all of the money
tended the Navajo Times
Navajo voter.
ty officials refused. The
investigation has been
approved in the election
group claimed that if
completed.
was scheduled for high
notices were printed in
A federal election stat-
Navajo voters had been
schools off the
sufficiently informed, the
The probe is being con-
reservation.
bond issue would never
duoted by the Indian Civil
have been approved.
Rights Division of the de-
Before the election, a
partment's Office of
political group in the
They cited statistics
Indian Rights: It was this
northern part of the coun-
that indicated that two-
division that acted as a
ty began complaining to
thirds of the 13,000 regis-
watchdog in the reappor-
county officials that the
tered voters in Apache
tionment of Apache
county was making no at-
County live on the reser-
County's three supervisor
tempt to publicize the
vation.
The Christian Science Monitor
BOSTON MASS
OCT
6
1976
Indian project to test 'prawn industry'
Californian starts project
W. Knight, an associate professor at the Uni-
impossible to get them to breed, says Dr.
versity of California at Davis. The professor is
Knight.
to raise crop in ponds
studying. ways to raise a Malaysian variety of
"This is no problem with machrobrachia,"
freshwater prawn - scientifically called mach-
adds the scientist. However, he confesses that
By David F. Salisbury
robrachium - in ponds.
the first 45 days in a young prawn's life are ex-
Staff correspondent of
As she learned more about the research Dr.
tremely touchy. His research focuses on identi-
The Christian Science Monitor
Knight is doing, the state official became ex-
fying the factors which determine whether the
Davis, California
cited about the possibilities of using it to give
prawn larvae grow properly. He also is study-
/ Next spring, Indians on the Chemeuheuvi
poor people a means of supporting themselves.
ing the effects of varying water quality and
Reservation in southeastern California will
Last month, Mrs. Cullen was notified by the
diets on prawn growth.
start raising prawns in a pilot project hoped to
state Economic Development Administration
"I hope we can talk the state into opening a
point the way to financial independence for
that funds would be provided to build some
hatchery," says Dr. Knight. "Once they get
many Indians, migrant workers, and others on
ponds and teach Indians on the Chemeuheuvi
larger, they are easy to grow, and it might
welfare.
Reservation near Lake Havasu how to raise
help get some people off welfare."
Kit Cullen of the California Office of Eco-
prawns. Officials hope to get started next
Aquacultural operations are often com-
nomic Opportunity says this could be the be-
April.
plicated by disease. However, the freshwater
ginning of a new industry in the state which
Hawaii has had a similar program for five
prawns have not evidenced any disease in the
would allow many to "develop small busi-
years, says Dr. Knight. A state hatchery sup-
several years the scientist has been culturing
nesses on their own land." It could make use
plies young prawns to more than a dozen pri-
them. "This is very unusual," he says.
of marginal land, should not demand much
vate "farms." Ponds there yield around 3,000
These crustaceans eat virtually anything and
capital, and require mainly unskilled labor, en-
pounds of prawns per acre per year. Fresh-
convert it to protein very efficiently, so they
thusiasts say. (A prawn is a small, edible crus-
water prawns sell for about $5 a pound and are
are not as expensive to feed as many fish
tacean resembling a shrimp.)
popular in Hawaii.
which are aquacultured. They also live in
"I was flying to Long Beach and saw a stu-
The United States imports 400 million shrimp
fairly compact communities - an average of
dent with a bucket of prawns," Mrs. Cullen ex-
and prawns yearly - almost entirely ocean
three in two square feet of water - SO it takes
plains, describing how the project got started.
varieties. There have been commercial efforts
only five acres to provide a family with a po-
The student she met was working with Allen
to raise salt-water prawns, but it has proved
tential of $16,000 to $37,000, Mrs. Cullen says.
TRIBAL LAWS VIOLATED?
Indians Protest Meeting
By Lori McVey
eral votes although she
A tribal vote was
to serve the tribe in a
TAHLEQUAH :-- A
had resigned from the
scheduled for July 13 to
salaried job.
Cherokee - Delaware
grievance committee
remove Bruce Town-
Townsend appointed
group has changed a
last June.
send, Tulsa, from office
himself as tribal attor-
Sept. 6 grievance com-
"The vote of Mrs.
as business committee
ney while serving as
mittee meeting which
Wasters was used ille-
chairman and to
business committee
led to the cancellation
gally to make up a quo-
change tribal bylaws to
chairman, tribal offi-
of a general council
rum in the Sept. 6
prohibit family mem-
cials said.
meeting was not valid
meeting of the griev-
bers with a closer rela-
Family blood ties
and actions taken were
ance committee,"
tionship than first cous-
among business com-
in violation of tribal
White said. "On the ba-
in to serve on the busi-
mittee members are
laws.
sis of her vote and their
ness committee, he
another issue in the
Chris White, chair-
actions, our general
said.
conflict.
man of Concerned
council meeting -
"Our tribal laws do
Exoneration of
Cherokee Delawares,
called for Sept. 11
not make provision for
charges made against
Inc., said Friday he
was canceled."
a referendum and
tribal officials has be-
has protested the can-
The general council
that's why the Septem-
come a third issue in
cellation and asked the
meeting was called for
ber meeting
the conflict.
U.S. Secretary of the
Sept. 11 by Morris
was called," White ex-
"Our appeal request-
Interior to schedule a
Thompson, commis-
plained.
ing the secretary of the
general council meet-
sioner of Indian Af-
"Mr. Townsend has
interior to call a gener-
ing to settle the issue
fairs. Charges against
thwarted all attempts
al council meeting has
and other inter-tribal
Bruce Townsend, chair-
to call a general coun-
been accompanied by a
conflicts.
man of the business
cil meeting through
request for a field in-
"The grievance com-
committee and tribal
manipulation of Dela-
vestigation of Town-
mittee exonerated
attorney; Mary Town-
ware tribal laws and
send's conduct as tribal
three tribal officers of
send Crow, tribal sec-
bylaws," White added.
attorney and business
charges made against
retary and sister of
White said his group
committee chairman,"
them," White said.
Bruce Townsend, and
has been attempting to
White said.
"Tribal laws only grant
Henry Secondine, busi-
"put the issues" before
"We are still await-
investigative powers to
ness manager, were to
the Delaware people
ing the results of com-
that committee - not
be considered at the
for more than five
plaints of professional
powers of exonera-
meeting.
months.
impropriety and con-
tion."
A resolution request-
One of the issues in
flict of interest sent to
In addition, White al-
ing the recall of those
the inter-tribal conflict
the Oklahoma State
leged the Sept. 6 meet-
three officials was orig-
is whether the business
Bar Association in July
ing was held at the
inally passed by the
committeehas the
about Townsend,"
Coppan home of Mary
grievance committee
right to appoint a mem-
White said.
Watters, who cast sev-
on June 28, White said.
ber of that committee
"The National Indian
Youth Council in New
Mexico is interested in
our case and is assist-
ing us with legal aid in
the matter," White
said. "We want to
make all members of
the tribe aware of ex-
actly what is going on
in our tribal business."
Nolawsuits have
OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA
been filed against
OKLAHOMAN & TIMES
Towsend or the other
SAT & SUN. 161, 076
two tribal officials, but
White indicated legal
action may be tried if
Washington officials
OCT 2 1976
cannot help the Dela-
wares resolve the con-
flict before the 1978
tribal election of offi-
cers.
The Delaware tribe
ha S approximately
8,000 adult members.
The Unlva Trihmre
TULSA, OKLA.
D. 19,425
OCT 5 1976
Supreme Court hears
debate on beer-buying ages
By VIRGIL GAITHER
Gray, on the other hand, said as
Tribune Washington Bureau
Justice Lewis Powell asked, if traffic
WASHINGTON - A case challenging
Oklahoma does not record its legisla-
arrests were higher for young males
an Oklahoma law which permits fe-
tive history, there is no way of knowing
than females, if there was a difference
males to purchase 3.2 beer at age 18
the intent of the state Legislature in
in their insurance rates.
but forbids males to do SO until they
making the exception, but that his of-
Gray said both sexes are rated high
are 21 was heard by the U.S. Supreme
fice had concluded it was to improve
in Oklahoma until they reach the age of
Court today, and everyone concerned
traffic safety because more young
25 but said he did not know if males
seemed to have a pretty good time.
were rated higher.
males are arrested for traffic offenses
The case, filed by an Oklahoma State
involving alcohol than young females.
Gilbert, in his rebuttal. contended
University student and a beer vendor-
that the traffic safety claim was false,
there, centers around whether the Ok-
"EVEN THOUGH you can't get
that the state's statistics were based on
lahoma law denies equal protection
drunk (on 3.2 beer)?" Justice William
arrests, not convictions, and that when
under the Constitution to males. Most of
J. Brennan asked.
the figures were adjusted there was
the court's interest this morning cen-
Gray assured the court that a person
only a one or two per cent difference
tered around Oklahoma's objective in
between the number of young male and
can get intoxicated on 3.2 beer. Gilbert,
young female violations.
passing such a law and if 3.2 beer is
non-intoxicating as defined by the
however, disagreed.
The real reason for the law, he said,
state, what's the big deal anyway?
"The 3.2 beer is S0 diluted that the
was religious influence. "It's like it has
Justice Potter Stewart, on the other
normal man gets bloated before he gets
always been in Oklahoma," he said.
"The drys have their law, the wets
hand, seemed to be more interested in
drunk," Gilbert said.
whether or not Oklahoma still prohibits
"He can get drunk, but he must force
have their liquor and the vendor can
the sale of alcohol to Indians. He asked
it down."
the local law."
expect at eelction time to get raided by
that question of both Tulsa attorney
If traffic safety is the objective of the
law. Justice Thurgood Marshall wanted
The arguments in the case took about
Frederick Gilbert, representing the
challengers, and Assistant Oklahoma
to know, "what about the males be-
an hour. There was no indication of
Atty. Gen. James Gray, who repre-
tween 18 and 21 years old who don't
when a ruling can be expected.
sented the state.
drive but drink?"
THROUGH ITS sometimes humorous
Gray replied that the law doesn't pro-
questions, the Court was informed the
hibit parents from giving beer to their
children.
law was based on an 1890 act which set
the majority age for females at 18 and
"But aren't there non-drivers who
for males at 21, but that this act was
drink but don't have parents to give
amended in 1972 to set the majority age
them beer?" Marshall replied.
FORD
of both sexes at 18 for just about every-
Also, Justice John Paul Stevens
thing except buying beer.
wanted to know, if the state law does
The court, however, received differ-
not prohibit males 18 to 21 years of age
ing opinions as to why this exception
from drinking beer, only from buying
was made.
it, how could it prevent traffic ac-
Gilbert said it was due to the influ-
cidents?
ence of religious organizations who
wanted "to save the souls of men be-
"DID THE OKLAHOMA Legislature
overlook that an 18 to 21-year-old
tween 18 and 21 years of age from ex-
male's girl friend can buy the beer?"
posure to pool, beer and women."
he asked.
Stevens added that the studies he had
seen all indicate that males, because
they are bigger, can consume more
alcohol than females without getting in-
toxicated, and wouldn't that support a
law allowing men to purchase beer at
the earlier age?
THE
OCT 8
1976
Indian Woman Nearer $170,000 Victory
By Jim Killackey
The basis for the con-
ed 180-acre tracts.
Her long fight with
The appeal was un-
troversy between Mrs.
Her land contained
successful and in No-
the Internal Revenue
Clark, a former cook at
valuable minerals - a
Service isn't over yet.
vember of 1975, a tax
Bethany General Hos-
fact which was to for-
refund suit was filed in
But 72-year-old Thel-
pital, and the IRS be-
mulate the dispute 41
federal court.
ma Horton Clark of
gan in 1906 when the
years later.
Mrs. Clark said there
Oklahoma City has
Grady County land was.
moved one step closer
In 1947, Mrs. Clark
is no statute of limita-
deeded to her through
entered into a contract
tions on a tax refund
to collecting as much
her father.
as $170,000 resulting
with two oil companies
suit involving Indian
Prior to statehood,
from the disputed taxa-
for oil and natural gas
land.
the land rolls were
leases for which she
If she does receive
tion of a piece of land
opened for Indians aft-
deeded to her before
was paid a $186,000
the money, Mrs. Clark
er it was determined
cash bonus.
Oklahoma became a
said she plans to "salt
they should no longer
state.
The bonus was depos-
it away."
live on reservations.
ited in the woman's
She said she would
Mrs. Clark, a Chicka-
Both Mrs. Clark and
saw Indian, has won a
land account, held in
like to set up a trust
her brother were deed-\
$61,688 federal court
trust by the Bureau of
fund for her two chil-
Indian Affairs.
dren and three grand-
The bureau released
children.
judgment for income
a portion of the money
And under her tithe
taxes erroneously as-
in 1947 for payment of
obligation, a substan-
sessed and collected on
income taxes assessed
tial portion would be
a tax-exempt tract of
gainst the land.
donated to her church,
land in Grady County.
Mrs. Clark did not
the Crestwood Baptist
U. S. Dist. Judge Lu-
know then that in 1929,
Church.
ther Eubanks has ruled
the land was given
But, she noted, the
that the IRS erroneous-
tax-exempt status by
IRS will have the last
ly collected the money
the governments The
word: interest on any
on a 160-acre tract of
status covered land
judgment which
land.
owned by members of
might be more than
The woman is enti-
the Five Civilized
$100,000 - is subject to
tied to collect the
Tribes.
taxation.
$61,688
erroneously
After hearing of the
Mrs. Clark said she
paid, plus 6 per cent
tax-exempt issue sever-
lives frugally now; her
annual interest since
al years ago, Mrs.
husband passed away
1947 - bringing the to-
Clark consulted attor-
in 1952.
tal award to around
neys about the possibil-
Some of the money
ity of recovering the
she received from her
$170,000, according to
tax money.
land's mineral deposits
her attorney.
She filed an appeal
was used to help build
Whether the sprightly
with the IRS three
the First Baptist
woman will see any of
years ago.
Church in Tishomingo.
that money is still a
question mark, Mrs.
Clark said Thursday.
She said the IRS is
determined to appeal
her case, as far as the
U. S. Supreme Court if
possible.
Mrs. Clark said the
IRS is attempting to
have a 1966 decision
overturned which af-
firmed the tax-exempt
status of Indian land.
Ground Breaking Climaxes
1
2
Potawatomi Homes Plan
After five years of organiz-
ing, working and often being
frustrated the Tribal Council
and housing authority of the
Prairie Band Potawatomi In-
dians were able to break
ground last Thursday to signal
the start of building 32 single-
family homes near Mayetta to
make available to tribal mem-
bers.
Camilla Wishkeno, chairman
of the Tribal Council, thanked
the housing authority for its
patience and efforts through
the frustrated years and the
reams of paper work toward
Thursday's goal.
Ray Wahweotten, council
vice chairman, gave an invoca-
tion in his native tongue for
the ceremony.
The contractors for the pro-
ject are B. B. Anderson, To-
peka, in charge of develop-
ment and planning, and Law-
rence Construction Co., Law-
rence.
The ground breaking took
place on a 14 home cluster site
The Prairie Band Potawatomi climaxed five years of sometimes frustrated efforts last
and completion on the site is
planned for this spring. The
week with this ground breaking ceremony at the site of a 14 home cluster housing project
entire project will include 32
west of Mayetta. Members of the Tribal Council and its housing authority participated.
single-family homes in the
They are, from left, Mary Jessepe of the council, Lawrence Hale and Harold Harrington
Mayetta area.
of the housing authority, John Mitchell of the council, Vestina Durham, council secretary,
Nine are to be four bedroom
Camilla Wishkeno, council chairman, Ray Wahweotten, council vice chairman, and
homes and 23 are to be three
Marlin Lundin of the housing authority. It is hoped the first construction will be complete
in the spring.-Recorder Photo.
bedroom homes.
Tribal members will be eli-
gible to purchase the homes in
accordance with income. The
one and a quarter million
dollar project is funded
through the federal depart-
ment of housing and urban
development.
Harold Harrington, Topeka
chairman of the housing
authority, said HUD had been
cooperative through the past
few years in holding the Pota-
watomi application for this
project until organization and
planning was advanced to this
stage.
A second phase of the over-
all plan would add another 28
dwellings later. These would
be low income and mutual help
dwellings.
Miss Wishkeno said the
visible part of the project had
started last spring with a rural
water stand-pipe and 16 miles
of lines to the areas where
homes are to be built.
Minuramitis Trimme
MINNEAPOLE
OCT
4
1976
Halfway house helps Indian
offenders adjust
Jim Bedeau says that as a Native
American, he has been fighting
in their adjustment.
for most of his 37 years against a
"After a few sessions and after
system which does not under-
The Longhouse project "is the
having a chance to look at the
stand him.
first time the Minnesota correc-
staff as examples of ex-offenders
tions system has given the Native
who have changed, Norcross said,
After having gone through a
Americans a chance to run their
they begin to see there is a way
chemical dependency program for
own program," said Tom Lawson,
out without doing it with crime."
alcohol and the St. Cloud Refor-
director of Community Services
matory and Stillwater State Pris-
for the Department of Corrections.
The residents develop a pride in
on for burgalaries, he says: "I'm
Lawson said the project may be
still fighting the system but I've
the only one of its kind in the
said. being Native American, Norcross
nation.
grown more sophisticated in my
fighting."
"It is a successful and well run
The average age of a resident is
project," Lawson said, "one that
24 years, Bedeau said, and each
As a corrections counselor for the
Anishinabe Longhouse, a halfway
is offering good service to a client
has spent many years in the jails
population that needs service."
or prisons.
house for offenders at 1016 New-
ton Av. No., Bedeau has fought
Bedeau said only five of the 137
The $165,000 budget from the
for the last two years to keep
Native Americans who have been
Department of Corrections is used
other adult male Native Ameri-
residents at the Longhouse, have
to maintain the residence, pay the
cans from returning to the pris-
been returned to the prisons for
rent, and food and medical care
new crimes in the three years the
for the residents. Salaries for the
ons.
program has operated the residen-
staff of eight also come from that
The system resists change, Bedeau
tial program.
budget, Bedeau said.
says, but people that work with-
in it "are easy to deal with once
The Longhouse project has been
Four of the men now at the long-
you have their attention and sen-
successful, Bedeau said, because
house are under treatment for
sitize them to what is going on."
the counselors understand the
chemical dependency with the
problems the men have in adjust-
Hennepin County Alcohol and
The disproportionate number of
ing after their release from pris-
Drug Program and the other eight
Native Americans in the Minneso-
on. He said all counselors, includ-
men living in the house work in
ta prisons shows that something
ing Ken Bedeau, the assistant di-
general labor. But, Bedeau said,
needed to be done, Bedeau said.
rector, and John Poupart. the, di-
there is a lot of free time, and
Although Native Americans make
"idleness becomes a problem be-
up one percent of the state's pop-
rector, have been in prison.
into trouble."
cause then there is time to get
ulation they are 10 percent of the
"We reach the mind and the
The Anishinabe Longhouse would
prison population, he said.
heart" of these men, Bedeau said.
like to raise approximately $20,-
"We do this by making Native
000 to fund cultural and social
In the Chippewa language Anish-
American culture the central part
events. They would also buy
inabe means Indians, Bedeau said,
of the program."
sporting equipment and buy a van
and Longhouse was the wigwam-
to transport residents to the na-
like structure where ceremonies
"A feat is held every six weeks
ture outings and other events,
were held and counseling was
similar to an old tradition of get-
said Harry Dooley, an employee
given by the elders.
ting together and talking every-
who is in charge of the fund
thing over and sharing food," said
raising.
The two-story, gray stucco and
Bill Norcross, another counselor
brick building on Newton Av. is a
of Longhouse.
Elema O. De La Rosa is an intern
longhouse in the old tradition to
at the Minneapolis Tribune.
the 12 men that have come there
"We have older Native Americans
from the prisons. The four coun-
come in and tell them what it
selors, assistant director, and di-
was like then and how it is now.
rector serve as elders, giving the
The residents generally listen to
residents guidance and assistance
older people. It is a part of our
culture," he said.
INDIAN NEWS CLIPS
OFFICE OF INFORMATION
202-343-7445
VOL. 6 NO. 44
October 30, 1976
The Salt Lake Tribune
Section A
Friday Morning, October 22, 1976
Page 18
Give Indians Dominant Voice
In Shaping Their Affairs
American Indians have retained
est government policy, the Indians'
their identity through four centuries
demand cries out for a speedy and
of relentless efforts to destroy them
sympathetic response from the new
FORD
as a people.
Congress.
It may be just another false hope
In fairness to many individuals
but there are signs that Indians are
who served the BIA, it should be
now moving toward full direction of
recognized that the increasingly dis to
their own affairs.
credited concepts and programs they
administered were widely supported
A major, but by no means the only,
by the white population and indeed
thrust in this direction is reflected in
were pursued in direct response to
a resolution adopted by the annual
popular demand. But the concepts
convention of the National Congress
were mostly wrong and a new,
of American Indians in Salt Lake
realistic approach fashioned by the
City.
Indians themselves, is long overdue.
The resolution calls for removal of
There is movement in this direc-
the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
tion. But it is painfully slow. Organ-
from the Department of Interior and
izations such as the National Con-
establishment of a separate agency.
gress of American Indians, are at-
The new agency presumably would
tempting to bring about desired
retain those ties between the federal
change through established channels.
government and the various Indian
Other Indian groups have resorted to
tribal authorities which the Indians
violent tactics. Either way, the era of
themselves deem proper and neces-
quiet acceptance of the white man's
sary. But it would be shorn of the
attitudes and dictates is past..
BIA's paternalistic, demeaning and,
It is time to begin turning Indian
to many Indians, sinister powers.
affairs over to Indians. Whatever the
Considering the sordid record of
result of such a drastic turnabout it
the BIA during 152 years of imple-
can hardly be worse than what has
menting shameful. cruel and dishon
gone before.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR-BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
1951 Constitution Avenue N.W. Washington, D.C. 20245
Judge's Illness Delays
Land
Dispute
Hearing
By Jim Moore
Peter MacDonald, Nava-
is implied by the above
Area after the partition. At
A new snag developed
last week in the Navajo-
jo tribal chairman, said
statement, but he was not
this time, the Bureau of
recently, regarding Judge
available for comment
Indian Affairs holds juris-
Hopi land dispute. U.S.
Walsh's possible decision,
prior to press time.
diction.
District Court Judge
James Walsh of Tucson,
"Any line drawn that will
The Hopi Tribe does not
According to Pete, this
displace Navajo Families
seem quite as adamant
condition should continue.
who has been the only
from their ancestral homes
about the relocation prob-
He has said, "The con-
judicial official to hear all
is a bad decision."
lem. Abbott Sekaquapte-
sequences would be tragic
the testimony, had to enter
MacDonald also stated
wa, chairman of the Hopi
if the Hopis were to receive
the hospital to undergo
the possibility of physical
Tribe, has already stated,
law and order jurisdiction
open heart surgery.
According to Mark San-
repercussions in saying,
"If Hopi people are forced
while Navajo families were
"When the issue does hit it
to relocate we will comply.
still living there. They
tana, Judge Walsh's baliff
and law clerk, the judge is
might have consequences
The people have expressed
would make life miserable
as grave as Kent State or
their reluctance to do so,
recovering from the sur-
for the Navajos."
the My Lai massacre. The
however, because they feel
gery "remarkably" well,
As expected, Sekaquap-
issue has been underes-
the entire JUA (Joint Use
but the feeling around the
tewa sees it differently. He
timated nationally. During
Area) is Hopi land."
federal court is that all
has said, "The Hopi Tribe
the hearings we sounded
planned proceedings will
warnings about our true
Along with the Jeddito
should take immediate law
be postponed for at least 90
problem, two other, smal-
and order jurisdiction
feelings in the situation,
days.
ler, areas known as "cor-
when the land is parti-
but people don't believe
ridors" have similar prob-
tioned."
Santana said that at this
this. They think that Na-
time, court officials do not
vajos will just pick up their
lems. They are Hard Rocks
Another of the major
want to appoint a new
blankets and sheepskins
and a small area in the
problems is that of the
judge because that would
and move, but that won't
southwest corner of the
Peabody Coal lease area.
probably necessitate an
Joint Use Area.
According to reports, about
entire re-hearing.
happen." Attempts were made to
Hopi land dispute offi-
40,000 acres have been
reach Chairman MacDon-
cials are against the es-
leased by Peabody Coal
About a month ago,
tablishment of any such
Company in June, 1966. At
Judge Walsh had tenta-
ald to clarify exactly what
tively adopted a line drawn
"corridors" as recom-
this time, the tribes share
by William Simkin, a fed-
mended by Simkin. Seka-
equally in the royalty pay-
eral mediator who worked
quaptewa has said that
ments from this lease.
such areas would have too
In his recommendations,
on the dispute last year, di-
viding the Joint Use Area.
OCT
7
1976
much potential for per-
Simkin suggested that 6,070
Judge Walsh had been
petuating the problems of
acres of the Peabody lease
slated to hear arguments
Winslow MaiL
pockets of population
go to the Hopi side and
creating boundary enfor-
approximately 32,930 on
from both sides on Oct. 9,
prior to issuing a final
cement problems.
the Navajo side.
ruling on the matter.
Samuel Pete, vice chair-
According to Pete, the
It now appears that the
man of the Navajo Tribe
question is if the Navajo
hearing and ruling will not
and chairman of the Nava-
Tribe should be granted
come until sometime after
jo Land Dispute Commis-
some concession since the
the first of the year.
sion, has also pointed out
Peabody lease lands are
Under the terms of the
there will be "tremendous"
primarily on that side.
line drawn by Simkin and
problems with law enfor-
Simkin has suggested that
tentatively approved by
cement because, at this
the Hopi Tribe pay the
Judge Walsh, some 3,500
time, there is no relocation
Navajo Tribe a specific
Navajos and about 30 Hopis
site.
sum throughout the lease
would be forced to relocate.
The Navajo Tribe has
period after the partition to
The terms proposed by
tentatively selected 250,000
compensate the Navajos
acres of property in the
for non-use of the lease
Simkin also call for the
formation of a "Navjo Is-
House Rock Valley and
area.
land" at Jeddito. This is a
Paria Plateau area, but the
There are many other
densely populated Navajo
U.S. Secretary of Interior
problems that need further
has ordered an Environ-
consideration by the tribes
area, but is completely
mental Impact Study to be
and the courts. The ques-
surrounded by Hopi land.
done on the land before any
tions of sacred shrines and
Simkin proposed that
these individuals be allow-
decision is made. This is a
mixed marriages are only
two more.
ed to remain where they
two year project in itself,
are, although their land
and was only begun late
But, for the time being, it
last June.
appears that the 100 year
would not be connected to
It will be up to Judge
old problem will have to lay
the Navajo Reservation in
any way. Tribal critics on
Walsh to decide the type of
dormant until Judge Walsh
can regain his health and
both sides have disagreed
law enforcement that will
tackle and old question
with this proposal.
take place in the Joint Use
once again.
Arizona Republic
OCT 1 5 1976
OCT 12 19/0
GALLUP INDEPENDENT
Navajo chairman says tribe votes
Contractor Sues
could decide close races Nov. 2
Navajo Tribe
Associated Press
heavy vote is a priority
member tribal council
WINDOW ROCK -
item for New Mexico and
ALBUQUERQUE (AP) A federal
will be called into session
Arizona."
court suit filed by a Santa Fe engineer-
Tribal Chairman Peter
Tuesday to discuss a get-
MacDonald said Thursday
He didn't identify
out-the-vote campaign and
ing firm seeks more than $6 million from
the Nava Tribe and the state Highway
the Navajo Nation could
specific races Earlier this
to appropriate money for
that activity.
Department for alleged breach of con-
determine the outcome of
year, he endorsed incum-
tract and interference.
bent Democrat Joseph M.
MacDonald didn't say
The complaint filed Tuesday in U.S.
close races in the Nov. 2
Montoya over his Republi-
what amount of tribal
District Court by Zia Engineering Co.
general election.
can challenger, Harrison
funds he wants to spend
alleges the tribe, through its chairman
"The day has arrived
Jack Schmitt, a former
on the vote turnout effort.
Peter MacDonald. entered a contract
when the Navajo people
astronaut and moon walk-
must make their influence
er, in New Mexico's U.S.
He said about 80 per
with Zia in 1971 for highway improve-
Senate election.
cent of the Navajos vote
ments on the Navajo reservation.
felt at the ballot box,"
in tribal elections but only
The suit says MacDonald advised the
MacDonald said. A
MacDonald said the 74-
40 per cent vote in state
firm in 1975 that the pact was "null and
and federal elections.
void and terminated."
Zia's action against the Highway
The tribal government
Department alleges the state agency
conducted a voter regis-
knew of the contract, but approached
tration drive last August
the tribe and offered to perform identi
and September. The suc-
cal services. Highway Department offi-
cess of that push was not
cials persuaded the tribe to allow the
immediately known.
state to do the work, the suit alleges.
MacDonald said the
Zia seeks $75,473 for work allegedly
tribal council's fall ses-
done for the tribe and $2.5 million from
sion, originally scheduled
the tribe and MacDonald for breach of
to start next Tuesday, will
contract. Recovery sought against the
start after the general
Highway Department includes $2.5 mill-
election.
ion in punitive damages and $500.000 for
the alleged interference.
tenix
OCT 1 L 1976
Former Tribe Employe
Fined, Given Probation
Ross Roll. a former em-
to a misdemeanor charge
ploye of a Navajo-owned
Roll is a former resi-
of using federal funds to
firm that builds housing
dent of Farmington, N.M.
on the reservation, has
order bathroom vanities
In an unrelated case,
been given probation for
for a Window Rock hous-
Regina Henderson, 34, of
misusing tribal materials
ing project and later con-
worth less than $100.
Window Rock, pleaded
verting the materials to
guilty to embezzling under
The former supervisor
his own use.
$100 while she was work-
for the Greater Navajo
Construction Co. was also
The U.S. attorney's of-
ing for the Navajo Tribal
fined $500 and ordered to
fice, under a plea bar-
Welfare Department in
make restitution yester-
gaining arrangement,
1975. She could receive up
day by U.S. District Court
agreed to dismiss felony
to a year in prison and a
Judge William Copple.
counts charging him with
$1,000 time when Judge
theft of $1,217 in tribal
Roll, 58, pleaded guilty
Copple sentences her on
funds.
Nov. 8.
Albuquerque Tribune
OCT
8 1976
Miss Indian America
Indians' queen versatile
with varied talents
this versatile Miss Indian America.
representative of her people. Until she
By PATRICIA GINS
Kristine likes to ride horses, read,
was 13, she lived with her family of
Tribune Accent Writer
write and climb mountains. She swims,
nine in White River. Her parents,
is skilled in a variety of arts and
though practitioners of traditional
crafts, including intricate beadwork,
As Kristine Rayola Harvey stepped
Indian beliefs, encouraged their child-
runs regularly and does calisthenics
into the elevator on a recent visit to
ren to find their own way.
She's both a former bull-rider and
Albuquerque, a young man exclaimed
fashion model.
"I'll bet you're Indian."
Kristine joined the Church of Jesus
It may not have been the word's
Christ of Latter Day Saints and en-
most original line, especially since
rolled in their student placement pro-
This year she'll spend a lot of time
Kristine was dressed in the traditional
gram.
visiting schools, pow wows; fairs, con-
Apache buckskin dress along with a
ferences and homes. A travel coordi-
banner proclaiming her Miss Indian
UNDER THIS arrangement, Indian
nator at pageant headquarters in Sher-
America, but it achieved his aim.
children live with foster families and
idan, Wyo., makes most of her plans,
Kristine laughed and started talking
attend schools off the reservation.
but Kristine can request time to visit
to him. By the time the elevator had
While going to school, Kristine lived in
places of particular interest to her.
reached his floor, the young man was
Utah and California.
completely charmed, as are most of
those who come into contact with this
"My foster parents encouraged me
Just recently she was able to go to
gracious young woman in her travels
to speak my tribal language and to
her own tribal fair, the White Moun-
as the 1976 Miss Indian America.
keep up with Apache culture," Kris-
tain Apache Tribal Fair and Rodeo, a
tine said. "They taught me to have a
visit she labeled a special occasion."
good positive attitude.
"MANY NON Indians think the Miss
AFTER TWO months as the title
Indian America contest is a beauty
"It was a lot of adjusting and taught
holder, Kristine has learned that the
pageant," she said. "They look on me
me to understand a lot. It gave me a
life of a queen is not all glamor. She
as a doll who doesn't say anything. I'm
balanced personality. Now I find it
finds the lack of sleep, constant pack-
not that. I'm a mouthpiece for the Indi-
easy to move back and forth between
ing and hotel living the hardest, but is
an people. I represent my tribe and all
both worlds.
quick to note there are benefits.
tribes in the U.S.."
Kristine, a member of the White
"I'M CONCERNED with the unity of
Mountain Apache tribe, is from White
all people, tribes and nations. The
"Meeting people of all kinds and
River, Ariz. She is the first Apache to
whole world is a family. When you go
seeing the different parts of the coun-
hold the coveted title. She won it in
to Heaven, there are no signs that say
try are wonderful," she said. "I really
one way for Indians another for white
do get to see a lot. People are proud of
August at All American Indian Days
men."
where they live and like to show me
and will reign for one year.
around."
Kristine's concern for people has
To win, Kristine had to convince five
lead her into counseling on alcoholism,
Kristine feels her future will hold a
different panels of judges that she was
drug abuse and teenage marriages.
dual role as career woman and wife
sincere in her desire to serve the Indi-
Now, at 23, she's temporarily on leave
and mother. Until then, she wants to
an people. In addition, she had to dem-
from Brigham Young University
do her best fulfilling her current job.
onstrate personality, poise, both tradi-
where she's studying dentistry. Even-
tional and modern talents, an ability to
tually, she hopes to perfect her skill
"I'M A tool in the Great Spirit's
speak and knowledge of Indian histo-
and move back to the reservation.
hands," she said, "to see that His peo-
ry.
ple are looked after, his children are
SHE SANG some Apache songs and
"I want to give them my best," she
represented in the best way possible.
delivered a speech in her tribe's
said, "be an asset to my people. My
language for her traditional talent.
interest doesn't stop after this year,
I'll always serve my people."
"I understand both sides and can
Her modern routine was a jazz dance.
work toward attaining brotherhood as
A unique blend of traditional and
modern herself, Kristine is a worthy
THERE'S ALSO a fun-loving side to
a spokesman for my people."
Chirann Tribume
THE
D
OCT
3
1976
Acoma: Mesa-top pueblo
rich in Indian history
By Ruth W. Armstrong
stored and has been used continuously as
a place of worship. When you go in it
1 ALBUQUERQUE,
NEW MEXICO
today you are overwhelmed with a sense
Pueblo Acoma Sky City is a village on a
Taos
of history, knowing those 10-foot-thick
sheer rock mesa that rises 357 feet
walls were laboriously built in the 1620s
above the surrounding plateau of already
Chacd Canyoe
San Juan
and have sheltered faithful converts ever
more than 7,000 feet elevation. You look
since.
down in all directions at a landscape of
Legend says the present site of Sky
weirdly shaped, colorful volcanic forma-
City is not the original one. Three miles
tions, sandstone buttes and mesas, and
40
San Fatipos
before you get to Acoma you will see a
blue mountain ranges around the hori-
large mesa on the left. This is En-
zon. Acoma has a history that matches
40
Acoma
chanted Mesa.
its spectacular location, 55 miles west of
Acoma
Albuquerque.
Pueblo
Albuquerque
LONG AGO the ancestors came from
Acoma
When the Spaniards came to explore
Indian
Shipapu. On their way they paused to
New Mexico between 1540 and 1598, they
Reservation
build and live in several villages. When
were treated courteously by the Pueblo
40 Miles
the warlike Apaches and Navajos en-
Indians, but when they came to colonize,
tered the country, the peaceful Acomans
in 1598, it was a different matter, at
scaled the perpendicular walls of the
least at Acoma.
Tribune Map
highest mesa, and there lived in safety.
The bloodiest battle in New Mexico
One day the Sun Priest ordered all the
history took place at Acoma in January,
watched him approach and began hurl-
people to work in the fields below, ex-
1599, just eight months after the conquis-
ing stones over the edge. Arrows pierced
cept three old women and one boy to
tadores had claimed the land for the
his robe, but not his flesh. When he was
about three-fourths of the way up, he
look after them. On the second night a
king of Spain.
terrible thunder and rain storm swept
The Acomans had enticed a scouting
stopped to rest beneath an overhang,
over the mesa, collapsing some of the
party of Spaniards up to the mesa-top
concealed from the Indians. In the ex-
citement a little Indian girl was shoved
houses in the village. The boy went for
pueblo, then killed them. Gov. Juan de
help and while he was gone a bolt of
Onate knew he had to establish the au-
over the edge of the cliff. She rolled
lightning struck the cliff and split off the
thority of Spain or the new colony never
down the steep side, and came to rest on
a ledge not far from Father Ramirez. He
part of the cliff where the trail went up,
would survive. He led a punitive expedi-
climbed over to her, put her over his,
trapping the three old women.
tion against Acoma, and after a fierce
battle conquered Sky City, the place all
shoulder, and continued his climb. The
The Acomans rebuilt their village on
top of another mesa, where it remains
Indians believed was unconquerable.
Indians believed this to be a miracle, so
today. The Acoma name for Enchanted
Both sides paid heavily, but the
they welcomed him.
Mesa is Katzimo which means
Spaniards had proved their point. How-
For 20 years he worked at Acoma,
"haunted" or "accursed."
ever, they left Acoma completely alone
teaching the Indians to read and write
All the Acomans go up to Sky City for
for the next 30 years.
Spanish, how to raise the fruits and veg-
their special feast days and ceremonials,
etables he had sent to him from Spain,
IN 1629 one lone Franciscan mis-
how to build better structures, glaze pot-
but during the rest of the year they live
in the villages of McCartys and Acomita
sionary again conquered Acoma, with
tery, and many other useful skills. Un-
on the plateau below Sky City. Each
courage and love. Father Juan Ramirez
der his ministry the Acomans changed
year about nine men are elected war
left the capital, Santa Fe, alone and on
from the fiercest to the gentlest of
captains who, with their families, live on
foot, determined to found a mission at
tribes, and one of the most culturally
Acoma. Officials begged him to take a
advanced.
top of the mesa to keep the church and
village in repair and to handle the tour-
soldier escort, but he would take nothing
UNDER HIS DIRECTION they built
ist business.
but his crucifix. When he passed from
the massive mission church that stands
view over the first hill, he was consid-
today. Every timber had to be carried
ered a martyr.
from a distant mountain to the top of the
After many days of walking across
rock mesa. Water and mud were carried
mesas and valleys, he reached the rock
up on the backs of the willing Indians. In
and began stoically to climb the stone-
the rebellion of 1680 the church was
notched trail to the top. The Indians had
partly destroyed, but in 1700 it was re-
A visitor takes a picture of Enchanted Mesa, the legendary
of Sky City. The Acoma name for Enchanted Mesa is
home of the Acomas. It is three miles from the present site
Katzimo, which means "haunted" or "accursed."
A STEEP, ROCKY read has replaced
time, and the obvious antiquity of the
center at the base of the cliff before
the hand-and-toeholds of old. You can
houses and church, the absence of mod-
long, complete with films, slides, and
drive to the top, park, and walk around
ern signs or conveniences, and the great
gift shop. But until then, the little center
on your own, or have a guided tour. All
quiet that rests on this huge island in the
on top does nicely. The tribe also oper-
guests must register, and the fee is $1.50
sky do not spell commercialism.
ates a picnic grounds at Acomita Lake,
a person. There also is a charge for
photography, depending on the size of
Acoma pottery is some of the best.
where fishing is permitted.
The most common is white with fine-line
your camera. (Photography is usually
The largest celebration at Acoma is
forbidden during ceremonials.) Guides
geometric designs in black. similar to
Sept. 2 when the Indians dance in honor
are young Acoma women whose shy
pottery found in the ancient classical
of their patron saint, San Estevan, for
sites such as Chaco Canyon and Mesa
manner adds charm to the visit, but it
whom the church is named. Other cele-
isn't easy to get them to tell you much
Verde. Lucy M. Lewis and several of her
brations usually occur June 29 and July
history. You'll do better getting that
daughters, granddaughters, and great-
25 and 26, and visitors are permitted to
from a history book.
granddaughters are the best known Aco-
attend.
Even though they charge visitors,
ma potters. There are others, of course,
there is little commercialism. There are
and many sell their wares at Sky City.
Acoma is 55 miles west of Albuquer-
que, on Int. Hwy. 40, then 13 miles south
seldom more than a few visitors at a
THE TRIBE hopes to build a visitor
on a good gravel road.
Arizona
county
Suprome Court
United:
divided over
rule by Indians
Indian Rights Ruling
Hansen has been quoted
The U.S. Supreme Court
as saying, "As a result,
ST. JOHNS, Ariz. (AP) -
APACHE COUNTY'S
this week upheld a ruling
Apache County taxpayers
Apache County officials are
problem was not caused by
by a three-judge panel say-
may revolt and form a sep-
divided about the effects of
the Navajo Tribe, Hawes
ing that reservation In-
arate county."
a U.S. Supreme Court deci-
said. "It was caused by the
dians, in this instance Na-
C.L. (Buzz) Haws, A-
sion stating, in effect, that
federal government and the
vajo Indians residing in
pache County manager,
the board of supervisors
courts. It is definitely not an
Apache County, are citi-
does not think the split will
could be dominated by per-
Indian VS. white conflict. It
zens of the United States
ever take place. Haws feels
sons who are not state or
has come about because the
and of the State of Arizona
that the problem has not
local taxpayers.
federal government favors
and have the right to vote
actually been caused by the
The high court upheld a
Indian rights, but does not
and to hold office like any
Indians, but by the state
three-judge federal court
think they should have also
other citizen.
and federal government in
decision that Navajo Reser-
have responsibility for pay-
The one man, one vote
the manner in which they
vation Indians are entitled to
ing taxes like everyone
concept had been question-
have administered the law.
equal representation on the
else," he said.
ed by residents in the
He has been quoted as
board.
The only taxable property
southern part of the county
saying, "It has come about
The ruling is the final
on the reservation is equip-
saying that since the In-
because the federal gov-
action in the court-ordered
ment belonging to utilities.
dians pay no taxes nor do
ernment favors Indian
reapportionment that placed
that operate there. The ma-
they fall under the juris-
rights, but does not think
two of the county's three
jor utilities, including Arizo-
diction of state and county
they should also have the
supervisor districts in areas
na Public Service Co., the
laws, they did not have the
responsibility for paying
dominated by Indian voters.
Four Corners Pipeline, El
right.
taxes like everyone else."
APACHE COUNTY Atty.
Paso Natural Gas Co. and the
In making the decision,
It has also been noted
Santa Fe Railroad contribute
the courts have laid the
Jay Hansen said he is con-
that an attempt was made
ground work for the Na-
cerned that an Indian-domi-
several years ago to split
50 per cent of Apache Coun-
vajos to hold a majority of
Apache County into two
nated board of supervisors
ty's revenues.
the board of supervisors
counties. The movement
will collect taxes from non-
Off-reservation taxpayers,
posts as of Jan. 1.
was stalled and finally
Indian county residents and
mainly in Set. John's,
At this time, two Navajos
halted in the legislature,
spend the money elsewhere.
Springerville and Eagar,
will take positions on the
but since that time, the
"As a result, Apache Coun-
contribute 43 per cent.
board. This action comes in
procedure has become
ty taxpayers may revolt and
the wake of forced reap-
much simpler.
form a separate county,"
portionment that took
Hansen said.
place last spring after the
Of the county's 15,000 eli-
three-judge panel ruled in
gible voters, 75 per cent are
OCT
1 4 1976
favor of the Indian claim
Indian.
that the former districts
Tribune
did not meet federal re-
1 4 1976
COUNTY MANAGER C.L
Albuquerque
quirements.
Hawes said he doesn't think
Mitch Platt, a St. Johns
WINSLOW Mail
the county will split.
attorney, is the man who
"I personally think the
actually filed the case with
new Indian supervisors will
the high court early last
not attempt to make too
summer and he still con-
many radical changes," he
tends that the action is con-
said.
trary to the fundamental
Most of the elected offi-
principle of democratic
cials in Apache County are
government that those who
non-Indian, he noted, al-
run the government must
though the race for county
be subject to the govern-
sheriff involves a contest
ment.
between Alfred Yazzie, a
In his suit, he also con-
Navajo, and C. Arthur Lee,
tended that court decisions
the incumbent and an Anglo.
since 1871 establish the In-
Hawes did note that an
dians as generally subject
attempt was made to split
to federal law rather than
the county several years
the divided control of fed-
ago, but was stalled in the
eral and state govern-
legislature.
ments.
According to one report,
Jay Hansen, Apache Coun-
ty attorney, is concerned
that an Indian majority
board of supervisors will
collect taxes from non-In-
dian county residents and
spend the money else-
where.
OCT
3
1976
'Indians and AIM'
CHICAGO - Your Sept. 21 editorial
entitled "Indians and AIM" represents
a typical "white" reaction to the gains
that native Americans have made as a
result of the leadership of members of
the American Indian Movement. When
the racism of this country is confronted
as it has been by members of the Ameri-
can Indian Movement, it is characteris-
tic of such institutions as The Tribune to
find solace in such things as a report
by the Senate Internal Security Sub-
committee.
Unmentioned in your editorial is the
highly respected community work that the
American Indian Movement does in va-
rious cities around the country. Unmen-
tioned also is the fact that most of the
report upon which you rely was pre-
San Estevan Mission and 200 homes remain at Sky City on top of Acoma Mesa,
pared with the cooperation of Mr. Doug
Durham, a former policeman who was
NM. just as they were at the time the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock.
assigned to infiltrate the American In-
dian Movement with the express pur-
pose of disruption and provocation.
You say, "We need more help from
the Indians themselves." Would the
legitimate rights of native Americans
even be a subject for the editorial page
of The Tribune without the efforts, peace-
ful and violent, of those native Ameri-
cans who have sacrificed their lives
and liberty to challenge America's rac-
ist treatment of the original inhabitants
of this land?
Indeed, what kind of "help" is The
Tribune talking about? Assisting the
Bureau of Indian Affairs to exploit what
little land is left on "reservations" for
native Americans? Help in silencing those
OCT
1976
native American leaders who will not
let white America forget its racist and
Pease Heads Indian Pageant Board
shameful past, present, and [if The
Tribune editorial is any indication] fu-
SHERIDAN. Wyo. (AP) - Bill Pease of Crow
ture?
Agency, Mont., has been elected new president of the
Perhaps the most appalling feature of
your editorial, however, was its presence
board of directors of All American Indian Days and the
on the same page with your editorial
Miss Indian America Pageant.
upholding the right of journalists, on the
The board chose Aug. 5-7 as tentative dates for the
basis of moral conviction, to violate the
1977 All American Indian Days and Miss Indian Amer-
law. Is it SO hard to see the parallel?
ica Pageant in this northern Wyoming city.
No greater proof of your hypocrisy and
racism is needed.
I suggest that your editorial writers
go out to a reservation, spend a month
living in the conditions that persist there,
and see if your attitude about the Ameri-
can Indian Movement will not change.
Jonathan Moore
A-12 Wed., Oct. 13, 1976 The Phoenix Gazette
Mesquakie Indians
Collect $6.6 Million
TAMA, Iowa (AP) -
divide 80 per cent of the
"WE SUED them for it
After 30 years of legal
money $5,267,738 -
and we beat them,"
pow-wows, the Mesquakie
among its 902 members
Pushetonequa said.
Indians have collected
now and put the rest into
"We've had to battle
$6.6 million for Uncle Sam
a trust held by the federal
them for everything we
as settlement of a
government. If the Mes-
have."
century-old debt for 17
quakie want some of that
The suit was filed in
million acres of land.
$1,316,395 or its interest,
1948 but didn't even get to
they must say how they
The tribe that lives in
court until 1956. The long
intend to use it.
Tama's pine-forested hills
battle was fought for the
got the money for land it
"People think we're get-
Indians primarily by Law-
once owned in Iowa, Mis-
ting SO much money, but
rence Mills, a Chicago at-
souri, Illinois and Kansas.
they don't realize how
torney.
The U.S. government ac-
small the individual pay-
'The blankety-blank
quired it in 10 treaties
ments are," said
government found all
between 1804 and 1867.
Pushetonequa.
kinds of excuses," Mills
"The government is
Per capita payments
said. "They don't like to
very slow when it comes`
were $5,840. The tribe's
see the Indians get what's
to Indians," Frank Pushe-
329 minors get their
coming to them."
tonequa, the tribal plan-
shares when they reach
He said the payment
ner, said in an interview.
age 18.
did not come close to the
President Ford signed a
"THAT KIND of money
land's current value.
bill appropriating the
is nothing today," said a
MILLS successfully han-
money last year, after the
Mesquakie housewife, who
died similar claims for
tribe won a court suit.
spent most of her $5,840
two other Sac and Fox
THE TRIBE decided to
on bills.
tribes. Payments to all
Merchants in this cen-
three tribes totaled more
tral Iowa town reported
than $23 million, and Mills
increased sales to the In-
was entitled to a 10 per
dians after the windfall
cent fee.
arrived last month, espe-
But the attorney said he
cially of household appli-
would collect much less
ances, television sets and
than $2.3 million, once
clothing.
insurance and taxes were
Several Mesquakie
paid.
bought cars and trucks,
new and used, "and
"It's not been a profita-
ble case. Some other law-
they're still coming in."
said auto dealer Ruth
yers figured that over the
Kasal. "A lot have invest-
30 years it took to win
ed their money and will
this case that I could get
borrow to buy the
about $1.50 an hour," he
said.
vehicles."
The Mesquakie, whose
nation is known as the
Sac and Fox of the Mis-
sissippi in Iowa, don't feel
the government gave
them the money as a
goodwill gesture or
apology.
Unknowns
planning
Indian
racetrack
Albuquerque Tribune
By JERRY McKINNEY
tary of state lists three incorporators
Although DeVilliers would not
approached by Parrish to set up the
Tribune Assistant City Editor
for Sandia Sports Center Inc., which
comment on the actual track owner-
meeting because he "didn't want me to
1 3 1976
DeVilliers has said will develop the
ship, he did say, "Sandia Sports Center
think they were going behind my
An Oklahoma City lawyer said today
track.
doesn't own anything out there."
back."
he and two of his employes were
A spokesman said the other two are
He also said he "thoroughly agrees
"dummy incorporators" of a firm that
John Pugh and Lorraine M. Thummel.
with the Indian position" that the
ANAYA SAID his postion is that any
is building a horse race track on San-
The firm was incorporated Jan. 20,
pueblo has the right to build and oper-
racetrack needs state permission to
1975, the spokesman said, and listed
operate in New Mexico regardless of
dia Pueblo
ate the track without permission from
W. Rodney DeVilliers, who formerly
$1,000 "in stated capital." It also indi-
the state.
whether it is on Indian land.
practiced law in Albuquerque, refused
cated it planned to issue 20,000 shares
The question of whether the state
to say who the real incorporators of
of stock at $1 a share and listed its off-
ATTY. GEN. Toney Anaya and
has jurisdiction on Indian land is being
the firm are but did say, "The race
ice address as 1212 Liberty Tower in
George Maloof, chairman of the State
contested in court by the Mescalero
track is owned by the Sandia Pueblo."
Oklahoma City.
Racing Commission, disagree.
Apaches in southern New Mexico.
DeVilliers said construction on the
WHEN ASKED about the incorpora-
"There's no need for another race-
They contend they do not need a state
track - which will cost an estimated
tion papers, DeVilliers said, "Those
track in New Mexico," Maloof has
license to sell liquor at their Inn of the
$5 million - has begun.
are just dummy incorporators from
said. He and Anaya both said any new
Mountain Gods.
the law office."
racetrack would have to have a state
Plans to build the track surprised
"IT'S JUST NORTH of Coronado
He said he couldn't disclose the
license before it could operate.
those close to the horse race industry.
Airport, immediately east of I-25 and
names of the actual incorporators be-
Anaya is trying to set up a meeting
They say no horsemen or others in-
immediately north of Tramway, right
cause he understands the legality of
with Lamar Parrish, an Albuquerque
volved in horse racing in the state
across the road from that Bien Mur
the track is being questioned and any
attorney who represents Sandia Pueb-
have been approached by anyone in
outfit," he said.
information he gave might "violate the
lo, to discuss the matter.
connection with racing at the pueblo
The office of the Oklahoma secre-
attorney-client relationship."
He said one of his assistants was
track.
Navajo land added
1 1976
Albuquerque Tribune
By The Associated Press
brings total land covered by
management and rural hous-
the project to 18.5 million
ing, water and sewage
More than two million
acres.
treatment facilities.
acres of Navajo Indian land
in New Mexico is being add-
The project is designed
ed to the Little Colorado Pla-
"to assist the local people in
A spokesman said the
teau Resource Conservation
improving the water-based
Navajo land is used primari-
and Development Project,
recreation and fish and wild-
ly for livestock grazing and
federal officials report.
life resources of the area
logging and includes areas
The Department of Agri-
and also the economic and
culture said the addition of
social welfare of the peo-
with "high potential for
the New Mexico portion of
ple," the department said.
water-based recreation and
the Navajo Reservation -
The assistance is to in-
fish and wildlife develop-
some 2.4 million acres -
volve land-use planning and
ments."
OCT 9
1975
GIFT FOR THE PRESIDENT-Members of the Tia-Piah society of Indians
Ford spent the night in Lawton before going to Dallas to attend the ou-
present a friendship scroll to President Ford Friday at the Lawton airport.
Texas football game. (AP Wirephoto)
OCT
7
1976
It may be that the courts will hold that Stago can
BEN AVERY
protect his clients from compliance with state law.
However, there is another law that means a lot to
trophy hunters. It is the requirement of the
An appeal
National Rifle Association and the Boone and Crockett
Club, which jointly sponsor the North American trophy
records, that a trophy must be taken in compliance
with state laws and the rules of fair chase.
to Apache
Trophy hunters will not only be unhappy at facing
by state officers when they leave the reserva-
but they also will face the embarrassment of
having their trophies rejected by the NRA and Boone
THIS IS an open letter to the White Mountain
and Crockett.
Apaches, to their Tribal Council and to Arizona citizens,
particularly hunters and fishermen who have enjoyed
It would be just as easy - probably easier in fact -
the tribal hospitality for many years.
to bid for the business of the rich trophy hunter within
ramework of state law, because no one else would
The conflict that has grown in the past few years
pay the high fees. And trophy hunters are not discour-
between the Arizona Game and Fish Department,
aged by having to take part in drawings for permits,
Arizona sportsmen and the White Mountain Recreation
as witness the most important hunt of all, Arizona's
Enterprise chief, Phil Stago, is regretted, I believe, by
annual desert bighorn sheep hunt.
all of us except Stago and his supporters.
T's
understand Stago has suspended or fired his two
To me, most unfortunate is the attitude of Stago
top-grade game rangers, accusing them of providing
because this young man, of half Apache ancestory, has
information that led to the arrest of a nonresident
a brilliant mind that could provide great leadership for
hunter a couple of weeks ago as he left the San
the tribe. This leadership is badly needed because the
Carlos Reservation. For his information, these men are
real important long term resource of the White Moun-
falsely accused in my opinion. Also for his information,
tain Apaches is not their land or their wildlife.
ve a number of friends on the reservation, and
Most important are the people, particularly the
some have telephoned complaining of Stago's recent
young people. In the years ahead they cannot all
policies.
forever find the economic support for homes and
:
I believe I have worked in behalf of the White
families based on the land and wildlife of the reserva-
Mountain Apaches longer than Stago. Along with such
tion. They are getting better educations every year -
sportsmen as Judge Clifford C. Faires of Globe; Jim
Stago is an example of this fact - and it is jobs they
Diffin of Florence; and Tom McCullough of Flagstaff,
will need, businesses they must have, professions they
I actively encouraged the late Sen. Carl Hayden to get
must find, both on and off the reservation.
the money for the original Williams Creek Hatchery.
en, at the suggestion of Jack Hemphill, fisheries
Down the road, they, and all Arizona Indians, must
biologist who urged expansion of the hatchery, I and
Ecome a part of Arizona's mainstream. Many will
other Arizona sportsmen got Senator Hayden to get the
mermarry with anglos over the years. I am part
money for the present plant, and when the great
Cherokee and take pride in my ancestors. There are
senator was too ill to give the dedication address, he
many millions more Americans today of mixed Indian
asked me to give it for him.
blood than of pure blood in any tribe, and this, too, is
part of the heritage of our country.
Through this column I encouraged the formation of
the White Mountain Recreation Enterprise by Si Davis,
I have no quarrel with Stago's objective - if that is
supported its tremendous and wise growth under Jim
his objective -- of managing the wildlife and recreation
Sparks, and would like to continue that support.
resources of the Fort Apache Reservation to, return the
Rut
it must be as a part of and in cooperation with
greatest benefit to the tribe. But I do think he is
Arizona.
following the wrong path if it is his desire to sell a
limited number of trophy permits each year to rich
nonresident trophy hunters for Indian-guided hunts, and
to raise all fees SO high only the wealthy can afford to
come on the reservation.
Leses
Assembly
Plant
OCT
4 1976
SCOTT NDLIN
shirt factory and a shopping
"It's an example of a lack of
factory in connection with
Farmington Daily Times
rock economy since there area
Daily Times Staff
lot of skilled women available
center also had been planned
involvemen
-local people
tribe's wool warehouse in Ship-
for employment."
for Shiprock.
weren't involved in the Gener-
rock.
SHIPPOCK - The decision
of General Dynamics corpo-
General Dynamics was nego-
"With an industrial park
al Dynamics negotiations. Who
"It's just in the thinking
ration officials this week not to
tiating with the tribe's Office
here, Window Rock should be
knows better than local people
aloud stage now," he said.
locate an electronics assembly
of Program Development
plugging the facility," McCabe
what we need?"
Fed Mart, a grocery-dry
(OPD) to locate a plant in the
said, "but it appears that
He said politics should be set
plant in Shiprock was met with
former Fairchild Semi-
they're not."
aside in favor of jobs, even at
goods chain with one store in
a critical reaction here, but the
Window Rock, has indicated an
effect will not be great, of-
conductor plant, vacated last
Harris Arthur of Shiprock
minimum wage.
interest in locating a store in
year following a takeover by
Research Center said the Gen-
Arthur said he spoke as an
ficials said.
the American Indian Move-
individual citizen and not rep-
Shiprock as well, he said.
Bureau of Indian Affairs
eral Dynamics' decision is "an
ment.
example of poor leadership in
resenting the research center.
"There are all kinds of
Shiprock Agency Super-
intendent Ed McCabe said the
The General Dynamics plant
Window Rock (Ariz.) and con-
McCabe said, however, that
proposals (for industrial
GD decision "will have no
was the third proposed in-
firms the fact that the (Peter)
Southern Utah Industries,
growth) that nobody is follow-
effect since there's been no
dustrial or business interest in
MacDonald administration is
which negotiated for the shirt
ing up on," McCabe said. "The
activity there for a year. It
the last year to go down the
carrying on a vindictive policy
factory, still is interested in
tribe's ten-year plan is just
would have helped the Ship-
drain during negotiations. A
towards Shiprock.
some sort of woolen products
collecting dust now."
The
the Oreginian
OCT
1 1976
AuCoin propose
By BILL KELLER
w4797F
tion.
of The Oregonian staff
The First District Democrat
WASHINGTON - Oregon Rep. Les
reservation could come later, "at
AuCoin said Thursday he has decided to
smoke has cleared" in the batt
offer the next Congress a new version
Indian fishing rights.
of the Siletz Indian restoration bill,
AuCoin and the bill's Senate
dropping provisions that have entangled
sor, Oregon Sen. Mark Hatfie
the bill in the controversy over hunting
several legal experts have mail
and fishing rights.
the bill introduced this year we
create any hunting or fishing pri
AuCoin said his revised bill still will
but some state game officials and
restore the coastal tribe's eligibility for
the establishment of a rese, vatid
federal health, education and welfare
matically may imply the right
benefits, but will not allow the tribe to
without state regulation.
establish a federally protected reserva-
The Siletz tribe owns only and
Siletz WI
dicted, the fishing rights furor might
for Senate passed
create "great difficulty" in getting any
"I have not
Siletz bill through the House.
far as the Section
Hatfield said Thursday he does not
off from my
feel such a change in the bill is neces-
duced it," the
sary for it to proceed smoothly through
Critics of
the Senate.
former Orego
"I'd certainly be interested in look-
tor John
ng over Les' proposal," Hatfield said.
in exchange
But I feel strongly that it has been
"benefits the IN
mply demonstrated the bill does not
go any games
affect hunting and fishing rights."
ize later.
Hatfield said a recent hearing by the
American Indian Policy Review Com-
The two
mission in Portland "cleared the deck"
such a provist
4F
DESERET NEWS, WEDNESDAY,
The convention also was addressed Tuesday by
OCTOBER 20, 1976
representatives of pres. ntial candidates Gerald
Ford and Jimmy Carter.
David Bird, repesenting Carter, and Bob Patter-
Indians eye
son of the White House staff, both told the Indians
that they could expect to see their lot improved.
Morris Thompson, Commissioner of U.S. Indian
Affairs, said he would like to see experiments in
jurisdiction
which Indians could be granted full jurisdiction
within their reservations to see if it is feasible to
grant the same status to all reservations.
Thompson said that within the past eight years,
Delegates to the 33rd convention of the National
Indians have had more voice in the Bureau of Indian
Congress of American Indians (NCAI) today consi-
Affairs and that all but one of the top seven positions
dered a resolution which would give tribes jurisdic-
in the agency now are held by Indians.
tion over all people, property and activities within the
boundaries of their reservations.
A powwow beginning at 7:30 tonight will be the
social highlight of the conference, which has drawn
The nine-point resolution has been devised by a
Indians from more than 100 American tribes.
committee of the Indian Policy Review Commission
to counter what the Indians feel are ambiguities in
jurisdiction where tribal, state, local and federal law
are all enforceable.
The resolution asks for legislation to provide for
tribes setting up their own laws with authority to levy
12
DESERET NEWS, MONDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1976
penalties and fines. At the same time, it asks that
Indian country be excluded from application of the
Assimilative Crimes Act of the U.S. Code. The act
provides that if an act is considered a crime by any
Indians want
jurisdiction which concurrently presides over a
territory, it must be considered a crime by other
jurisdictions within the same area.
The resolution considered today also seeks
legislation which would preclude levying of taxes on
a superagency
tribal or individual property, including but not
limited to leasehold interest taxes, severance,
Indians would like to abolish the U.S. Bureau of
extraction and others.
Indian Affairs - traditionally run by whites - and
establish a superagency through which they could
Funds to finance the legislation also are
administer Indian affairs on federal land.
advocated. This would include money for the tribes to
secure legal counsel when necessary in disputes with
The concept was discussed today by Charles E.
other jurisdictions.
Trimble. executive director of the National Congress
The resolution also would ask the federal
of American Indians (NCAI), at a press conference
government to require that educational institutions
before the opening of the 33rd annual convention
which receive federal funds provide education in the
being held through Friday at the Salt Palace.
nature and scope of jurisdictional powers of the
tribes.
Trimble said Indians will fight to maintain
jurisdiction within reservation boundaries. He said
The jurisdiction resolution is one of several that
NCAI feels the non-Indian recently found lawbreak-
will be acted upon by delegates before the conference
ing in the Uintah and Ouray Reservation should be
closes Friday.
tried in Ute courts.
Tuesday afternoon, Rep. Allan T. Howe told the
convention that he senses a reemergence of a very
Later, Lester Chapoose, Ute Indian and conven-
old spirit of determination and courage among the
tion chairman, said Indians will continue to upgrade
Indian people.
law enforcement on reservations to protect those who
choose to live within tribal boundaries.
Howe said the federal government needs to
analyze more fully its responsibility as trustee for
Although the group is nonpartisan, Indians have
Indian affairs and that Indians need to expand their
been long-time Democrats, Trimble said. Hecom-
own responsibility under self-determination legisla-
mended President Richard M. Nixon, however, for
tion.
encouraging more autonomy in tribal affairs but
Improvement of the quality of life of Indians can
worried that President Gerald Ford will make
be accomplished through building good conditions for
detrimental changes in Indian policy before the end
economic progress on reservations, the Second
of the year.
District Congressman said. By becoming more
solvent, Indians can stay in their own homes and
Sen. Frank E. Moss. D-Utah, praised a new era in
preserve the lifestyle and heritage that is fundamen-
which Indian affairs would be determined by their
tal to their culture.
own acts and decisions. He told of deprivation and
great poverty and misery suffered by Paiutes in Utah
and told of a new act before Congress to help them.
Moss said, "You do have friends in Congress. and I'm
prd to be among them."
Land and water rights. education. health care
and housing are current problems of Indians and
proposals for change will be made during the
convention
At least 2,000 Indians are expected to attend the
meetings.
OCT 10 1976
6E
WEDNESDAY,
OCTOBER 20, 1976
Baby nameless for want
Alaska
natives
of Cherokee typewriter
alerted
By MORRIS KAPLAN
cepted this, it would set a
"THIS NAME I wanted to
Although 520 Alaska
(C) N.Y. Times News Service
precedent and it would be
put on the birth certificate,"
natives in Utah, Nevada,
NEW YORK - Baby
contrary to proper opera-
he said, "because Indians
Wyoming and Idaho are
Perkins has no first name,
tions policy to go in this
are losing their heritage and
sharing in the benefits of
the Alaska Native Claims
officially, because the
direction. The certificates
culture. The only way is to
Settlement Act, about 230
Health Dpartment's Bureau
have to be done on the
give your children Indian
more are still not en-
of Vital Records refuses to
typewriter. Section 3.23 of
names, to keep the language
rolled.
register it.
the city's Health Code
alive. I want the name
Raymond Paddock, a
specifies that such writing
written in Cherokee. 1 am
Tlingit Indian from
Born on Aug. 6, 1975, in
southeast Alaska and
"shall be in the English
proud of the alphabet."
Bellevue Hospital, the boy is
language."
president of the Tlingit
Perkin's ancestry -1s a
and Haida Central Coun-
a son of an Indian couple
who contend that their civil
The Perkinses, who ap-
tribal mixture of Cherokee
cil, said Indians, Es-
peared at the bureau re-
kimos and Aleuts have
rights have been violated by
and Waccamaw. Married in
cently, disagreed with the
only until Jan. 2, 1977, to
the bureau's rejection of the
1973 to Maria, a Thiano In-
decision. As they waited in
dian born in Puerto Rico, he
apply for enrollment.
Cherokee name, written in
the crowded room, they
works as a "free-lance"
Congress granted a 40-
Cherokee alphabet.
produced the following
message they had received
carpenter.
million-acre, $1 billion
settlement to Alaska na-
To department personnel,
from the department:
Their other children are
tives in 1971 to cover land
it is as indecipherable as
"BOTH PARENTS should
Rebecca, 13, and Marc. 11.
claims.
Japanese or Chinese. But the
boy's parents, Vernon and
be completely satisfied with
Neither was given Indian
"Neither they (unenrol-
names. Acknowledging that
Maria Perkins pronounce it
the name reported and both
led persons) nor their
he had helated recognition of
phonetically as Ah Wee Ah
must sign their names on
children will ever share
Ni Da.
the reverse side of this
his heritage, Perkins ext
in what is really. our
form. Once the name has
plained: "I had to think
inheritance unless they
THIS RECEIVED an
about it."
been entered it cannot be
get their applications in
unsatisfactory rating from
changed except by court or-
very soon, Paddock
Irving Witlin, general
der."
said.
counsel to the Health
To be eligible, a person
Department. He supported
Perkins reacted quickly,
must be at least one-
the bureau's advice that the
saying: "We will go to
quarter Alaska Indian,
parents Anglicize the name
court." Advising him was
Eskimo or Aleut and an
because it has no typewriter
Carol Van Norman, coor-
American citizen who
to tap out the Cherokee
dinator of community ser-
was living on Dec. 18,
alphabet.
vices at the American In-
1971. Applications are av-
dian Community House,
ailable at the nearest
"We have a problem in
Perkins, 33, who was born in
Bureau of Indian Affairs
processing birth certificates
Fayetteville, N.C., usually
office, such as the one at
for public health informa-
attends the monthly
the Federal Building, 135
tion, statistics and so forth."
Cherokee meeting at the
S. State, or by writing to
Witlin explained. "If we ac-
McBurney YMCA.
Pouch 7-1971, Anchorage,
Alaska 99510.
Paddock spoke at the
National Congress of
American Indians, meet-
ing in the Salt Palace.
Comment
DESERET NEWS, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
MONDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1967
A5
We stand for the Constitution of the United States with i.s three departments of
government, each fully independent in its own field.
Progress for the Indian:
an urgent U.S. objective
Utah and Salt Lake City this week
to appreciate the Indian's deep rever-
welcome 3,000 or more of the "First
ence for the natural world.
Americans" here to attend the annual
We also forget that Indians are
meeting of the National Congress of
loving, caring mothers and fathers with
American Indians at the Salt Palace.
concerns and hopes common to all
These proud people will talk about
mankind. And we forget that a century
ways to improve their opportunity for
of government paternalism has made
education, housing, health, land and
them our nation's most deprived
water rights and, perhaps above all,
minority.
their accelerating march toward tribal
The average Indian family income is
sovereignty and self-direction.
about one-third the national average.
As they meet here, it is a propitious
Their average educational level is little
time to reassess our changing attitudes
more than five years of school; their life
toward them. When Europeans first
expectancy is less than 50 years, and 70
arrived in North America the welcoming
percent of reservation housing is sub-
Indians were looked upon as noble
standard.
Redmen. They became ignoble, in the
But the future holds more promise. At
opinion of Europeans, when they stood in
least it certainly ought to. In Utah and
the way of westward expansion. When
elsewhere an increasing number of First
the Indian chose to fight for the land he
Americans are attending school and
loved, he was disparaged and despised.
college. Both national leaders and citi-
The Indian stereotype became a
zens are becoming increasingly con-
semi-nude, befeathered warrior on a
scious that Indian culture and heritage is
tired horse.
too precious to lose. A new attitude
which recognizes Indians as full citizens
Too many Americans still marvel at
and partners, which they are, is de-
the beauty of Indian jewelry or weaving
veloping. Indian organizations such as
without a thought for the artisans who
the NCAI, are becoming more effective
produce such work.
and are being heard with more and more
respect.
At a time when the nation has been
forced to take thought of the dangerous
Attitudes have changed, and must
abuse of our environment, many people
continue to change until Indians achieve
forget that for centuries Indians main-
full success in their quest for social
tained a culture in harmony with varied
justice. Utahns hope their gathering
ecological conditions. In their passion
here will result in significant progress
for material goods, Americans often fail
toward that goal.
The Salt Lake Tribune, Friday, October 22, 1976 A5
Salmon Fishing War' Erupts Again
With Puget Sound Seaborne Riot
PORT GAMBLE, Wash. (AP) - The Puget Sound
Gruett said the trouble began again late Wed-
"fish war" over salmon fishing rights has flared
nesday* when officers tried to arrest a fisherman for
again in a seaborne riot pitting dozens of fishing boats
fishing illegally at the mouth of Hood Canal, west of
against tear-gas throwing fisheries agents on state
Seattle.
patrol boats.
Gruett said the boat was among 40 to 50 vessels
A Coast Guard cutter and helicopter were called
fishing for coho salmon despite the state order
out to help protect the outmanned fisheries officers
closing the fishery.
on six patrol boats.
As agents on the patrol boats tried to make the
At least one fishing boat was set ablaze in the
arrest, swarms of other boats surrounded the state
sea-churning conflict that continued into the early
agents, officials said.
morning hours Thursday. No injuries were reported
and fisheries officials said they will not press charges
The fishing boats made high speed passes,
immediately.
churning the waters in a way that nearly sank one
"It was a pretty hairy situation," said Bruce
patrol boat during a similar incident last week.
Gruett, assistant director of field services for the
Close Pass
state Department of Fisheries. "They were making
high-speed passes at our boats, trying to get us to
Gruett said that after one especially close pass, an
collide with each other. There were some wild men
officer was hit by a flying object. He responded by
out there."
firing tear gas.
Catch Half
Tear gas cannisters were used on several
occasions. Fisherman David Frazer of Port Town-
At the heart of the dispute is a two-year-old ruling
send, skipper of the Brendan Dee II, said his vessel
by U.S. District Court Judge George Boldt. Boldt said
was set afire by one cannister. The flames were
that treaties signed with Indians in the late 1800s gave
extinguished before much damage could be done, he
the tribes the right to try to catch half of each
said.
harvestable salmon run.
That ruling upset the fisheries balance, giving
Gruett said he saw a fire on one boat, but did not
Indians far more fish than they normally catch and
know whether it was the Brendan Dee II. The fire he
reducing the catch of other fishermen, already
saw was put out, he said.
hard-pressed.
The Coast Guard said it pulled its boat and
The situation was complicated recenty when the
helicopter from the scene after it appeared the
fisheries officers were safe.
state closed certain fishing grounds to preserve
dwindling salmon stocks returning to spawn. Non-
The Coast Guard began regularly backing up state
Indian fishermen have said they believe the closures
officers last week when the fisheries department said
are actually an effort by the state to make sure that
it lacked the capacity to deal with widespread
Indians reach their harvest quota while non-Indians
disobediance.
suffer.
'If you've got a really lawless element or an
There have been a half dozen illegal fishing
unpopular law, for a while there's going to be a high
incidents as a consequence, and violence has flared
degree of noncompliance. But we're not giving up,"
on several occasions.
said Gruett.
OCT
8
1976
State Fights Tribal Hunting Ban
Special to The Sentinel
make navigable waters avail-
can hunt and fish. Someone
INDIAN.
they don't allege that the fed-
Madison, Wis. - The state
able to the greatest number
else said they can't. The
eral prosecutions harm the
of Wisconsin has asked that
of people.
state's response is that that
state," Morgan said.
the federal government be
The tribe and the federal
presents a controversy.
He noted that "while 30
prevented from prosecuting
government claimed their
"The state is asking the
people have written to the
hunters and fishermen on
closing of the reservation
court to maintain the status
attorney general alleging
navigable waters of the Bad
was permissible under feder-
quo by granting the injunc-
their rights were deterred,
River Reservation.
al law and treaties.
tion or people will lose an
approximately 550 members
Federal Judge James E.
In requesting the prelimi-
opportunity they can't re-
of the Bad River Band were
Doyle said he would try to
nary injunction, state attor-
cover," Niemisto said.
involved in closing the reser-
rule Tuesday on whether to
vation."
neys argued that the state
grant a preliminary injunc-
US Atty. Steven Morgan
had proprietary interest in
Morgan argued that the
tion requested here Thurs-
argued that the initiation of
managing the waterways and
state failed to show $10,000
day.
the lawsuit by the state was
that Wisconsin citizens were
damage was involved in the
responsible for upsetting the
The Bad River Band of
being injured by being denied
controversy.
status quo.
Lake Superior's Chippewas
the right to hunt and fish.
"Some of the people who
closed its reservation earlier
"The closing occurred in
signed affidavits would prob-
this year to outsiders for
Sportsmen may be irrepar-
April, 1976," Morgan said,
ably put $10,000 value on
ably harmed unless the in-
hunting, fishing, trapping and
adding that an injunction
their fishing," countered
harvesting wild rice.
junction is granted, John
would "take away the effect
Mary Bowman, an assitant
Niemisto, an assistant attor-
of a criminal statute.
attorney general.
The state said it had been
ney general, argued.
"The state claims to be
thwarted in its duties to
"Who can put a value on
"The state has said they
trustee of the waters, yet
that?" she asked.
The Salt Lake Tribune, Friday, October 22, 1976 C 3
Indian Women Are
Family Backbone
By Vandra Huber
involved in more than home and
Tribune Staff Writer
education. She's becoming a spokes-
Women are the backbone of the
woman in tribal government.
Indian family and way of life according
"We've held Indian women meetings.
to Nellie Marie Lopez, a Papago Indian
And there is the North American Indian
from Chui Chu, Ariz.
Women's Assn. composed of women
"Too often the white man stereotypes
working in their tribes and com-
Indian women of the past as being a
munities," she explained.
slave to the warriors. That isn't
Miss Lopez noted that divorce in her
historically true, nor is it true now.
tribe has not been as serious a problem
Shared Responsibilities
as in the white man's life or some other
Indian tribes. "We adhere to the old
Responsibilities were shared. While
custom that your father selects a man
the woman prepared food, kept the
for you, and you should share the rest of
lodge clean and orderly, the male would
your life with him," she said.
do the hunting and fishing," the
20-year-old Miss National Congress of
She added that there has been an
Nellie Marie Lopez
American Indians said Thursday.
onslaught of young marriages which
Wins Indian Title
may affect the future.
Miss Lopez was crowned Miss NCAI
during the organization's 33rd annual
Divorce A Problem
convention at the Salt Palace.
Miss Pinkham said divorce and
While the family still comes first,
family break-up has been a serious
Miss Lopez noted that today, the Indian
problem in her tribe. "Part of the
woman has educational opportunities.
problem was that the counselors were
She can receive vocational training, go
non-whites who didn't understand the
to college and have her own career. But
Indian way of life. Now our people are
family should come first.
counseling themselves and we're begin-
ning to see a decline in marriage
Margaret Pinkham, 18, who was
breakup and social
1
crowned third runner up to Miss NCAI
stressed
GALLUP INDEPENDENT
SCT 1 2 1976
S
BIA-Guaranteed Insurance Firm
Loan Will Help Mojaves Farm
Special to The Gallup Independent
( 1976 The New York Times
remarked recently in a telephone con-
fairs in Washington has been long and
versation from the Fort Mojave tribal
rocky. Chief Barrackman and George
A 20-year. $2.3 million loan from the
office.
Brmer. general manager of
Prudential Insurance Company of
Chief Barrackman and others on the
Prudential's southern California reales-
America has brightened the prospects
reservation have been trying for the last
tate investment office in Newport
for converting 2.080 acres of mesquite-
three years to obtain financial backing
Beach. both credit Stuart G. Sall, who
filled land on the Fort Mojave Indian
to convert some of the idle land into pro-
heads a professional farm management
Reservation in Needles. Calif.. into an
ductive usage. Instead of leasing the
concern, with paving the way.
Indian-owned-commercial farming op-
land to someone else to farm. tribal
eration.
leaders have sought to establish an ag-
Sall, whose San Francisco-based firm
The Prudential loan. 90 per cent of
ricultural business of their own.
is called Inecon Agricorporation. recal-
which is guaranteed by the Bureau of
led last week that the had approached
From Needles to Newark
Indian Affairs. is a recently completed
some 27 different potential lenders on
"We have wanted to make it a show-
example of the insurance company's
case, something other Indian tribes
the Mojave project and, witt Chief Bar-
so-called "social conscious financing."
rackman. had m ade at least eight trips
could learn from." said the Chief, "but
Under this program the company's cus-
always there's been the red tape, the
to the Bureau of Reclamamtion and the
tomary standards are relaxed to permit
delays."
Bureau of Indian Affairs.
participation in what are deemed
The red tape may persist but longterm
Sall's work in California and Arizona
worthy "social-action" projects.
funding has been found. Recently bull-
farm development and management
Modest part of Prudential's overall
dozers and other equipment were drawn
was known to and respected by
$38 billion investment portfolio. the $2.3
up ready to start reclamation work a
Prudential's California real-estate in-
million loan represents a large break-
project that will develop unproductive
vestment offices. When he approached
through on the economic front for the
desert land into a general-purpose irri-
Mr. Bremer about long term financing
Fort Mojave Indians.
gated farm.
last year, he had laready worked out
"We've gone many miles looking for
The trail from the tribal office in Nee-
with Chief Barrackman a procedural
funding," Chief Llewellyn Barrackman
dles to the Prudential headquarters in
basis for getting the tribe into the ag-
Newark and the Bureau of Indian Af-
ricultural business.
The tribe set up Tribal Farms Inc. as
awholly owned subsidiary. which in turn
arranged a farming lease for the 2,080
acres and signed a 20 year contract to
develop and operate the farm with In-
econ Agricorporation.
Bremer and a Prudential finance
committee determined that tribal
Farms application for the loan met
criteria for the company's so called "so-
cial conscious financing." It was also
finally determined that the rpoejct qual-
ified under the loan guarnty program of
the Indian Financing Act of 1974, which
established the 90 per cent Federal
guarantee.
All the parties invovted are enth-
jusiastic about the prospects. Bremer
said flatly: "It is the best looking deal of
this sort we've made."
"I think we're opening a door for other
Indian tribes." added Chief Barrack-
man, whose tribal members will be
trained and employed in the operation of
the farm.
"We hope ot have the first crops
probab !y alfalfa in the ground within
45 days something green other than the
mesquite." commented Sall.
DESERET NEWS, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1976
Indian regalia takes spotlight tonight
By Twila Van Leer
(Tonight, the tribal dress will take the
there are local issues which have implica-
between us and the majority world. I would
Deseret News staff writer
spotlight as the conference-goers put on full
tions for Indians everywhere.
like to see elected officials representing us,
native costume for a parade. The route will
or an appointee without strong political
The regalia that distinguishes Indian
take them from South Temple and State
John Bailey, Michigan commissioner of
ties. This is one of the most important
tribes from one another is little in evidence
Street south to Fourth South; west to West
Indian Affairs, said that his main interest
conferences in 10 years.
at the Salt Palace meetings of the National
Temple and north to the Salt Palace.
in the conference is with the report of the
Housing and programs for the elderly
Congress of American Indians this week.
Parade time is 6 p.m.)
Policy Review Commission which is mak-
are the prime concerns of James Edling of
With some exceptions, the conference
ing an intensive study of Indian policy in
the Quinault Tribe, Washington. He was
delegates are dressed much the same as
Although the conference delegates rep-
order to make legislative recommenda-
setting up a booth displaying jewelry and
any group of Americans attending such
resent more than 100 tribes scattered from
tions.
other Indian art, and as he worked he also
meetings. There are some touches of
Alaska to Arizona and from California to
"I am anxious to see their direction
spoke of fishing and water rights, a thorny
jewelry color and style, however, that
the east coast, some of the problems being
regarding the Bureau of Indian Affairs," he
problem in his area.
disting
n the conference.
considered are common to all. For others.
said. Bad as it is, the BIA is all that stands
See INDIAN on B-3
John Bailey
Ruth Root
Moses Dick
James Edling
Fred Carlos
America's resources as population in-
creases and greater demands for re-
"We'd like to get direct funding from
sources development become apparent
the federal government, rather than
seemed central to the comments of
having funds channeled through the
many of those visiting Salt Lake for the
state," he said.
meetings.
Fred Carlos of the Pima Tribe,
Also manifest is the determination
Scottsdale, Ariz., came to the confer-
of the Indians to retain their identity
ence to get an idea of the problems
and culture in a world that is closing in
being faced by other tribes.
on them.
Some of the visitors to the Salt
"I find they're pretty much the
same," he said. "In central Arizona,
Palace had other things on their minds,
however. Mrs. Ruth Root of the Col-
we're fighting for our rights to water
from the Salt and Verdi rivers. They're
orado Ute Tribe from Towaoc, Colo.,
building the Central Arizona Project on
was interested only in selling pottery at
the rivers and trying to divest us of our
a booth which displayed striking speci-
mens of the ancient art form.
rights. As a matter of fact, under the
original treaties, we have never got our
"We have new methods of making it
full share of the water. We're making
now, though," she explained. The end
progress, though. We've got some good
product lacks none of the beauty of the
lawyers who are making our voice
painstakingly hand-made pottery of her
heard."
ancestors.
The Yakima Nation, which has
For one little Indian, the conference
historically held fishing rights on
is purely for fun. Mark Ron Taho, 3,
America's west coast areas in Washing-
scooted in and out of the booth being
ton. is fighting the take-over by state
prepared by his parents, Mr. and
agencies of their hatcheries.
Mrs. Mark Taho, representatives of the
Navajo and Hopi tribes in Tuba City,
"We both have our regulations, and
Ariz.
we prefer to run our hatcheries by our
For the youngster, the Kachina dolls
own," said Moses Dick. "We have tax
made by his grandfather for sale at the
problems, too."
convention are a vital link with an
The struggle to equitably share in
illustrious past and a brighter future.
Mark Ron Taho, 3, is at Indian conference purely for fun.
GERALD
FORD
THE DAILY OKLAHOMAN
OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA.
D. 169,031 PUM. 122,675
OCT 1 0 1976
Indian Awareness Week featured
A spectrum of Indian
life and life styles, arts and
crafts will be. shared with
the public during Native
American
Awareness
Week, Oct. 10-16, in Okla-
homa City.
The week proclaimed by
Gov. David Boren and
Mayor Patience Latting
will begin with interden-
ominational services from
7:30 p.m. to 10:30 Sunday
on the south steps of the
State Capitol.
Tribal language singing
groups representing the
Kiowa, Creek, Seminole
and Choctaw tribes, the
Osceola Four and Witt
Memorial Indian Metho-
dist Church of Tulsa will
participate in the Sunday
evening services.
Other participants will
include sign language ex-
perts Demaris Haney, Ter-
ri Anquoe and Evalu Rus-
sell and the Rev. Jimmy
Anderson, master of cere-
monies.
Kay Bond, left; Dede Swindler, center, and Ann Bond say "God Bless America" in sign
language. They will participate in Native American Awareness Week, Oct. 10-16, in Okla-
On Monday the focus
homa City. (Staff photo by Don Tullous)
shifts downtown with
events scheduled through-
my, noon; Woodrow Haney,
Sherry Hancock. Events
Art will be the subject of
out the week at The Arts
flute, 1 p.m.; Emerson and
Tuesday at Arts Place in-
the program Wednesday
Place and Kerr Plaza.
Shirley Falls, gospel songs,
clude Tim Red Bird, Indian
with Kelley Haney and
Kelley Haney and Vini-
2 p.m.; Doc Tate Neva-
balladeer, noon, and a
Brenda Meyers as coordi-
ta White will be coordina-
quoyah, flute, 3 p.m., and
presentation by Indian law
nators. Art events at Arts
tors of a program on tradi-
Angela Huffman, pianist,
students and a film on trib-
Place include a lecture-
tional and contemporary
4 p.m. There will be an
al government, from 12:30
show by Bert Seabourn, 11
Indian music on Monday.
Indian fashion show and
to 4 p.m. There will also be
a.m.; an exhibit of Indian
Presenting music events
flute performance by Tom
booths from industries and
fashions and fabric de-
Monday at Arts Place will
Ware at noon at Kerr Pla-
information on post high
signs, noon; a program by
be the Bacone Indian Club,
za.
school training, education
Indian artists Virginia
11 a.m.; John West and
Coordinator of education
and jobs Tuesday at Arts
Stroud, Carol Soatiki and
Roy Rogers of Jones Acade-
career day, Tuesday, is
Place.
Sharon Harjo, 1 p.m.; a
film on Indian art, 2 p.m.;
a lecture-show by Kelley
Haney, 3 p.m., and an Indi-
THE ARIZONA REPUBLIC
an fashion show, 4 p.m.
PHOENIX, ARIZ
Tribal government will
provide the theme Thurs-
D
day for a recognition of
tribal chiefs and chairmen
OCT
by Gov. Boren from 9:30 to
7
1976
10:30 a.m. at the State
Capitol Blue Room. The
Oklahoma Federation of
Northeast plan
Under the plan, more than hair of the
Indian Women members
area's 16,190 acres will be zoned rest.
will act as hostesses. A
dential. Densities of more than four
luncheon will be at noon at
the State Capitol.
on growth OKd
residential units per acre will be permit
ted on 1,170 acres, and as many as
Another theme Thurs-
units per acre will be allowed on nearly
day will be Indian Medi-
cine, with activities
by Scottsdale
one-fourth of this acreage.
In other matters, the council:
planned downtown at Arts
Place and Kerr Plaza, coor-
SCOTTSDALE - The City Council has
- Adopted a resolution authorizing the
dinated by Wynema
approved a comprehensive development
city to request up to $50,000 in disaster
Brown.
Activities Thursday at
plan for Scottsdale's 25-square-mile
relief funds from the state for flood.
northeast area.
damage to public facilities last month.
Arts Place will include
showings of the film "Bil-
The plan projects an eventual popula-
- Approved city participation in the
ly" by the Association of
tion of nearly 59,000 in the now largely
operational cost of the east-side animal
American Indian Physi-
undeveloped area from Pima Road to
control facility to be built by the county
cians at 11 a.m., 1 p.m. and
Fountain Hills and from the Salt River
at Eighth Street and Price Road in
3 p.m.; a lecture on tradi-
Indian Reservation to the Central Arizo-
Mesa. Scottsdale will pay 6.6 per cent of
tional Indian medicine by
na Project and McDowell Mountains.
Marcellus Williams, noon,
the facility's annual operational cost.
and a performance by a
In September the council delayed ac-
The facility will serve Tempe, Mesa,
Concho school children's
tion on the plan because of concern
Chandler and Scottsdale.
group at 2 p.m.
about whether water would be available
The Concho group will
to support the projected population.
- Recommended denial of a request
perform at noon Thursday
for a beer and wine license for the
at Kerr Plaza.
However, water experts last week told
Camelview Plaza Cinema, 7001
Dance will provide the
the council there is sufficient ground-
theme Friday, coordinated
water in north Scottsdale to support
Highland.
by Sammy White. Arts
growth there for 100 years. On these
Place will offer contempo-
assurances, the council adopted the
rary dances by Danielle
northeast area plan Tuesday night.
Glenn, 11 a.m. and 3 p.m.;
The part of the city north of the
traditional dances by
Arizona Canal, including the northeast
White, noon; traditional
area, had a population of about 8,700 in
dances of the Five Civi-
1975. The projected population for this
lized Tribes, 1 p.m., and
section, based on adoption of the north-
poetry and music by John
east area plan, is 55,700 by the year 2000
West and Lance Henson, 4
and 112,700 by 2075.
p.m.
Traditional dances of
Planners have pointed out that Scotts-
Plains Indians will be pre-
dale expects to receive CAP water by
sented at 2 p.m. Friday at
1985, and that this water would be
Kerr Plaza.
available to the northeast area. The city
Arts and crafts will be
has requested enough CAP water for a
on display daily, at The
population of 135,000 north of the Arizo-
Arts Place, sponsored by
na Canal.
the Oklahoma Federation
of Indian Women. Native
The northeast area is presently zoned
American Awareness
for one home per acre. It includes
Week is sponsored by the
scattered low-density development, but
Oklahoma Indian Affairs
most of it is virgin desert and
Commission.
mountains.
The comprehensive plan for the area
provides for some high-density residen-
tial areas, resorts, commercial centers
and public cultural facilities.
Phoenix Gazatte
PHOENIX ARI/
OCT
7
1976
Navajo Reservation Is Different World
NOTE: An Associated
Susie Black lives in a
MUCH OF THE Navajo
Navajos teach their
vise four sand paintings
Press reporter traveled
hogan in Monument Val-
Reservation is desert scrub-
children deference and
ley, an isolated, beautiful
and four ceremonial
1,200 miles during a
land. During the hot sum-
cooperation. They try to
week's tour of Navajo-
area of sandstone mono-
mer months, it is rare to
reach their decisions by
dances,
land. Her story follows.
liths on the Arizona-Utah
find water in the stream-
consensus.
One of the sings is de-
border. The area has
beds, baked and cracked
By ANN IMSE
often been used as a
from the blazing sun.
IN THE WHITE man's
signed to cure Navajos
MONUMENT VALLEY,
backdrop for television
world, these characteris-
of afflictions brought on
commercials and
But in the mountainous
Utah (AP) The Navajo
tics come across as ex-
by contact with non-
Westerns.
areas, the pine forests are
treme shyness, lack of
Navajos.
Reservation is a world
cool and green.
apart. The sun's hot glare
Susie Black has six chil-
competition, indecisive-
Progress is moving into
blazes into the deepest re-
dren to raise in this oc-
The chief form of trans-
ness. Non-Indian teachers
cesses of natural sand-
tagonal one-room hogan.
portation is the pickup
find that children will nei-
Navajoland, bringing such
stone canyons. Even the
A small barrel converted
truck, often battered into
ther ask questions in class
attendant problems as
insects seem to have for-
to a stove provides heat.
premature old age by the
nor volunteer answers.
pollution and alcoholism.
saken this desolate land,
Light streams through the
rugged roads. Only four
The ceremonial sings will
There is enough tribal
for the silence can be
smoke hole and door.
per cent of the reserva-
and federal scholarship
probably survive, for like
complete.
There are no windows.
tion's roads are paved,
mostly by federal govern-
money available for every
Polish weddings, everyone
Occasionally, a small
THE METAL beds,
ment.
Navajo who wants to go
enjoys them.
herd of sheep tended by a
overstuffed armchair,
to school to be able to do
young Navajo or an elder-
wooden shelves and gas
There is nothing tangible
#0 on a full scholarship,
But there is much more
ly woman will pass into
stove look out of place on
to prevent the Navajos
aid Thomas Jackson,
to being Navajo. And
view, in search of further
the dirt floor, against walls
from crossing the reser-
president of the College of
while these people want
grazing among the scat-
of skinned juniper logs.
vation border to try to
Ganado, a private junior
to live in the more com-
tered tufts of grass and
A tiny propane tank is
make their way into mid-
college on the reservation.
desert bushes.
stuck into the mud that
die class America. In
fortable, modern world,
covers the outside of the
fact, tribal leaders are
But he added that few
they do not want to bet
Navajoland covers 25,-
trying to bring middle
do.
000 square miles across
hogan.
come aggressive enough
class America to the res-
to go out and grab it
three of the United States:
Susie Black must travel
ervation with modern
"If you've been herding
Arizona, New Mexico and
30 miles over rutted dirt
housing, supermarkets and
sheep all your life, the
Utah.
and sand roads for water
some industry.
possibility of your dream-
BUT IT IS more like a
and supplies.
ing to be an airline pilot
poor, underdeveloped
Many houses of Navajo-
is very remote," he said.
country of the Third
land are not much better
The transition is
VIRTUALLY EVERY
World, struggling with the
than Susie Black's hogan.
difficult.
Navajo, from sheepherder
same problems of pover-
Only 18 per cent are large
LACK of experience with
to secretary, still partici-
ty, drought, illiteracy,
enough for all their in-
such modern skills as busi-
pates in the ceremonial
lack of decent roads. Its
habitants (usually six or
ness management has re-
"sings," part religious
language is obscure, mak-
seven), and have water,
sulted in federal investi-
ceremony, part medicinal
ing education difficult.
electricity and access to a
gations of the tribe's fi-
and part social.
Many of its people trust
road, according to Bureau
nances.
the old ceremonies and
of Indian Affairs figures.
Friday Kinlicheene, 81,
medicine men more than
No one pays property
is a Navajo medicine
Navajos live in this
doctors.
taxes, for the Navajos do
man. He specializes in the
largely desolate reserva-
not OWN their land. The
Night Way, or Yeibichal
Many of the people still
tion because it is their
tribe does. Only those who
Dance, a ceremony for
live in mud-and-log huts
ancient homeland, be-
live in tribal housing pay
mental illness. Medicine
called hogans. They say
cause they were born
rent.
men specialize in only a
these are cooler in sum-
here, and because the
few of the more than 50
mer and warmer in win-
government p them
Characteristics and cus-
ceremonies, for they are
ter than conventional-style
here.
toms instilled by the
complicated. In the nine
houses.
Navajo culture - alien to
days of the Yeibichai
the rushed and competi-
Dance, Kinlicheene will
tive life of the rest of the
sing 576 songs and super-
United States hinder
the Navajo's way into the
white man's world.
BILLINGS GAZETTE
BILLINGS, MONTANA
Date 10/15
Arrest of Indian hunters may
open treaty question
By FLYNN J. ELL
as well as "unoccupied private land.'
a
Of The Gazette Staff
term which is without a strict definition.
McCurdy said protests were lodged
The arrest of four Crow Indians Sun-
with the Bureau of Indian Affairs,
day for alleged game violations may have
charged with protecting Indian interests,
opened a can of worms called the Fort
but were met with advice to see the Crow
Laramie Treaty of 1858.
VISTA attorney.
DuWayne McCurdy, a spokesman for
Urban Bear Don't Walk, a practicing
the Crow Indian Justice Association, said
Crow attorney in Billings says decision he
in Billings Thursday that the arrest of the
has reviewed indicates the treaty hunting
four by a Montana Fish and Game war-
rights in Montana are valid under the U.S.
den was a "clear cut case of intimidation
Constitution. but untested in the U.S. Su-
by the Fish and Game Department in vio-
preme Court.
lation of treaty rights."
Indians have been required to obtain
McCurdy said the Crows will contest
permits for transporting game animals off
the arrests in court.
the reservations where it is legal to hunt,
The four men, Johnny Doyle, Butch
the Crow attorney said.
Woosun, Harold and Brynce Wilson were
But even that is not required by law.
arrested Sunday by Duane Young. an
Don Wright, a Blackfoot tribal mem-
F&G warden, who charged them with
ber, who is the F&G liaison officer with
spotlighting deer and illegally transporting
Montana tribes, said he did not know if
game animals.
the Crow treaty is valid.
Young set bond at $600 each and the
But Wright said the F&G will arrest
men were jailed in Big Horn County prior
to their release Wedneday when bond was
anyone off the reservation who is suspect-
reduced to $100 each.
ed of transporting illegal game.
Wright said permits to transport
Young said he an eyewitness would
game are a "convenience" to both Indians
verify that the four men were shooting at
and game officers used to verify that
deer while using a spotlight three-quarters
game was killed on the reservation.
of a mile east of the reservation boundary
near Tullock Creek.
Bear Don't Walk said the permit re-
When arrested. the men had two
quirement is a throwback to the days
deer in their possession. Young said.
McCurdy said the men shot the deer
when Indians needed a pass to get off the
on the reservation and were taking them
reservation in the vein of "he's a good In-
home.
dian," so it's okay to let him go.
"They are poor people and were
hunting for food: that's why they couldn't
pay the bond.' McCurdy said.
Wright, in affirming the F&G author-
ity to arrest non-Indians or Indians for
The Crow spokesman said that treat-
off-reservation game violations said the le-
ies, including the Ft. Laramie Treaty of
gality of arrests is "up to the courts to de-
1368, guarantee Crows hunting rights.
cide,"
In the 1868 treaty. Crows agreed to
settle in a permanent location. But the
treaty gave them a "right to hunt on the
unoccupied lands of the United States SO
long as game m.. be found thereon, and
as long as peace subsists among the
whites and Indians on the borders of the
hunting districts.
A spokesman in the Department of
Inicrior Solicitor's Office in Billings said
the FL Laramie treaty is still in effect be-
cause it contained no time limitation.
The Crows think the language applies
to off-reservation state and federal lands,
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976,
30¢
TRIBAL ELECTION CODE, Page 16
BULK RATE
U.S. POSTAGE
PATERSON
PAID
Pendleton, OR 97801
confederated
Permit No. 62
Theodore
Spec. Asst. to the President
Executive Office Bldg.
umatilla journal
White House
Washington, DC
CAYUSE
UMATILLA
WALLA WALLA
VOL. 1, NO. 11
PENDLETON, ORE: 97801 (503) 276-8221
NOVEMBER 1976
'Backlash' sweeps Indian America-NCAI
BY RICHARD LA COURSE
Congress of American Indians
staff members, congressmen,
(NCAI) here Oct. 18-22, and is
key federal Indian affairs admin-
SALT LAKE-Talk of a serious
still producing effects within
istrators and observers felt the
"backlash" or political recoiling
NCAI and elsewhere.
theme dominate the convent-
Reifel heads BIA
against tribal interests dominat-
ion.
ed the week-long 33rd annual
About 2,000 tribal delegates
convention of the National
from 118 tribes, congressional
Ten separate convention
assemblies were devoted to re-
ports of the national Indian
Constitutional vote
situation, the state of NCAI,
upcoming changes in the U.S.
on Nov. 26 ballot
Congress, and drafting and
adopting of major policy posit-
ion statements in five critical
BY JOHN BARKELY
thens the constitution by re-
areas in the face of the building
wording its old language.
backlash.
MISSION-A referendum on
the Umatilla tribal ballot Nov.
On the ballot also are seven
Northern Ute Chairman Les-
26 was authorized Nov. 1 to
candidates for for positions on
the Board of Trustees and five
ter Chapoose signaled the con-
determine whether tribal vot-
ers will approve an amendment
candidates for four positions on
cern of the assembly with his
the General Council.
opening statement: "Tribal
to the Tribal Constitution auth-
sovereignty is our most power-
orizing the Board of Trustees
The existing language in the
ful tool to secure our place in
"to promulgate and enforce
constitution allows the board
history. We must make plans,
ordinances governing the con-
only "to promulgate and en-
not dreams." He warned that
duel of all persons and activ-
force ordinances governing the
most non-Indians envision res-
ities within the boundaries of
conduct of members of the
ervations as "a refuge from
the Umatilla Indian Reservat-
tribes..." The new amendment
justice, not a place of justice."
ion."
would enable the Board to ex-
tend its jurisdiction over non-
Utah Gov. Calvin Rampton
The proposed amendment
Indians within the boundaries
declared the week American
which goes before voters the
of the reservation.
Indian Week in tribute to the
day after Thanksgiving streng-
NCAI convention.
Board Chairman Leslie Min-
VETERAN OBSERV ANCE
thom presented the proposed
Keynote speaker Al Trimble,
language to the Board Nov. 1.
Oglala Sioux President, warned:
MISSION-George St. Dennis
It was accepted unanimously
"Until all Indians are free, none
under constitutional powers the
are free."
American Legion Post 140 is
observing Veterans' Day with a
Board enjoys.
NCAI President Mel Tonasket
three-day activity Nov. 12-14 at
BIA'S INTERIM COMMISSIONER BEN REIFLL, ROSEBUD SIOUX
the Community Center. Activ-
The Board also adopted unan-
defined the backlash period
ities begin with a noon memor-
imously a companion resolution
emerging as a "strangulation
ial service for Veteran Duaine
authorizing the Board Chairman
coming about from the press-
WASHINGTON--Ben Reifel, 70, Rosebud Sioux and former South
Conner and potluck lunch Nov.
"to appoint a committee whose
ures of Redneck organizations."
Dakota congressman, was recommended for a "recess appointment"
duty shall be to study the pres-
He pinpointed new rural white
as Commissioner of Indian Affairs Nov. 11 by Interior Secretary
12, with dinner at 6:30 p.m.
ent constitution, confer with all
farmers and ranchers groups
Thomas Kleppe.
and dancing at 9:00 p.m.
relevant individuals, committees
forming in the Northwest and
and departments, study other
Midwest which are lobbying
Reifel topped six other leading candidates in winning Kleppe's
Saturday at 6:30 p.m. old
against Indian legislation and
appointment. He is a former BIA superintendent, tribal relations
movies and pictures will be
(Continued on Page 17)
shown at a potluck dinner,
(Continued on Page 5)
officer and Area Director of the Aberdeen, S.D. Office.
followed by a PeeWee Dance
Reifel, a Republican, succeeds
Contest until midnight. On
Morris Thompson, an Alaska
Sunday an Indian religious
service will be held at hoon
Tribal timber going on sale
Athabascan who resigned the
post Nov. 2. Reifel will be the
sixth Indian Commissioner of
followed by an evening dinner
to honor all war veterans.
Indian descent in the 152-year
MISSION-Sealed bids are now coming in to the
the public notice for receiving sealed bids within
history of the Bureau of Ind-
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Forestry Office
a set period of time. Minimum prices are set for
ian Affairs (BLA).
for two separate timber sales during the month
each of the timber sales.
inside
of November.
Reifel's tenure at the BLA will
Deposits are required to accompany the sealed
continue most likely until March
The first sale will take place at 10:30 a.m. at
bids. Highest bidder in each sale becomes the
or April, when President-elect
the Community Center in Mission Nov. 12. The
eventual cutter and marketer.
Jimmy Carter will be in office
Arts & Entertainments
21-23
second will occur Nov. 24 at the same location
and nominating Democrats to
Classified
24
and time.
Prospective bidders have the opportunity to
top posts. The position of com-
Community Calendar
20
arrange for a "show-me" tour of the two separate
missioner is a presidential ap-
Dateline Northwest
5
The Nov. 12 sale puts on the market a total vol-
timber stands in order to make their own estimates
pointment.
Don's Corner
11
ume of 2,700,000 board feet of Ponderosa pine,
of timber volumes and values.
Early Reservation Days
8-9
Douglas fir, lodgepole pine and other species from
Reifel's appointment came just
Editorials
12-13
the Emigrant Springs Logging Unit stretching over
one week after the presidential
Health News
11
600 timbered acres in the south reservation.
Bidders also will be given rights-of-way to cross
elections. During that week,
Home Groans
14
trust lands but must negotiate separately to cross
six others were also in content-
Legal Affairs
9
The Nov. 24 sale puts on the market approxim-
deeded lands. They are authorized to construct
ion for the position. They were:
Names & Faces
14
ately 2,800,000 board feet of lodgepole pine on
temporary roads, install temporary culverts and
News Digest
2
about 530 acres of timbered land 20 miles east of
bridges and the like.
Atty. Ralph Keen, an Okla-
News Quiz
8
Pilot Rock in the vicinity of Indian Lake. In this
homa Cherokee and BIA Act-
Sounding Off
13
sales unit, one stand lies a mile north of the town
Logging methods are perscribed by the BIA in
ing Director of the Office of
Sports
19-20
of Meacham, reaching east to the old treaty
each area. Cleanup of areas-called "slash dis-
Trust Responsibilities; Ray
Student Outlook
18
boundary set in the Walla Walla Treaty of 1855.
posal" in forestry jargon-is required as well. Final
Butler, Blackfeet and BIA Dir-
Umatilla Vocabulary
8
completion dates for timber cutting are set in ad-
ector of Social Services; LaFol-
Yellowhawk Schedule
11
The process of marketing tribal timber includes
vance of the letting of any bids.
(Continued on Page 5)
2
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
New fish commission
news digest
taking shape with BPA
GI bill changes ahead
WASHINGTON-The nation's third GI Bill, which has provided
educational assistance for 6.6 million veterans and active duty mem-
bers with military service since Feb. 1, 1955, will not be available
for persons entering the military services after this Dec. 31.
The Veterans Education and Employment Assistance Act of 1976
signed into law by President Ford Oct. 15 set the termination date
for GI eligibility. It also set Dec. 31, 1989 as the closing date for
all training for those already eligible under this program. Offsetting
the end of GI Bill eligibility, the new law created a voluntary con-
tributory educational assistance program for persons entering serv-
ice after this Dec. 31. Participants in this new program may con-
tribute $50 to $75 monthly from their salaries, up to a maximum
of $2,700. The contributions will be matched by the Veterans
Administration (VA) at the rate of $2 for every $1 made by the
service member. So ends an era.
Supteme Court upholds Boldt
WASHINGTON-The Supreme Court Nov. 1 upheld special Indian
treaty rights to fish in the Pacific Northwest by refusing to consider
a Seattle commercial fisherman's challenge to a federal court order
upholding these rights.
Seattle fisherman Loren Bergh had filed suit against U.S. District
Court Judge George H. Boldt to prevent Boldt from ordering the
state of Washington to adopt regulations protecting the Indian fish-
ing right in line with the Boldt decision of Feb. 12, 1974. Bergh
had called court support for treaty fishing rights and subsequent
allocation of a percentage of potential fish catches "unconstitution-
al discrimination."
TRIBAL LEADERS SIGN BPA-TRIBAL FISHERY AGREEMENT WITH BPA CHIEF DON HODEL IN WARM SPRINGS
Gergh's appeal earlier had been turned down by the 9th U.S.
From left, Watson Totus, Yakima; Leslie Minthorn, Umatilla; Richard Halfmoon, Nez Perce; Zane Jackson, Warm Springs
Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco, and the Supreme Court's
action was in line with Boldt and the appeals court.
PENDLETON-(Staff)-A new memorandum of
operation among long-opposing parties were the
agreement pertaining to the restoration of fish in
remarks of Ore. Gov. Bob Straub in Astoria
the Columbia River will be signed some time in
on Sept. 3.
AIPRC completing review
November by several separate parties from the
states of Oregon, Washington and Idaho.
Straub blasted the BPA, saying: "The dams
generate electricity and kill fish [on the Col-
WASHINGTON-For four days-Nov. 19-22-The American Indian
This new memorandum of agreement, when
umbia]. The federal government should pay for
Policy Review Commission will conduct a formal review of the rec-
signed, will supersede the memorandum of agree-
those losses from dollars earned by selling elect-
ommendations of its 11 separate task forces which will be proposed
ment signed by the Nez Perce, Umatilla, Warm
ricity, The simplest and surest way to accomp-
to the 95th Congress. The AIPRC meeting will be held in Room
Springs and Yakima Tribes and the Bonneville
lish that is to write those costs into the budget
2175 of the Rayburn Building on Capitol Hill. Hours on each of the
Power Administration (BPA) last Oct. 13 at
of the BPA." Straub, acknowledging that BPA
four days are from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Kah-Nee-Ta Resort on the Warm Springs Res-
will earn $300 million this year from electricity
ervation.
generated by Columbia dams, added: "We should
Since early October the 11 task force reports and recommendations
not have to plead with Congress, hat in hand, to
have been circulated to all Indian tribes in the country. Numerous
(For text of the original Oct. 13 agreement see
insure adequate and certain funding to repair
tribal delegations will attend the upcoming review. Recommendat-
Page 13. Photo of original signing above.)
the damages to our fish resources caused by
ions will be presented to the AIPRC commissioners in specific categ-
those dams."
ories rather than on a task force-by-task force basis, according to
Separate governmental entities which sign the
staff specialist Ernestine Ducheneaux.
new pact will the the four inalnd treaty fishing
Depletion of fish, faltering conservation meas-
rights tribes, the director of the Pacific North-
ures and restricted fishing seasons have all heated
(The Umatilla Board of Trustees, meanwhile, on Nov. 1 requested
west Regional Commission, administrator of the
up the political climate for governors of the three
of AIPRC that following the upcoming review session, that the sub-
BPA and governors of the states of Oregon,
states, as well as for Indian tribes.
sequent recommendations be forwarded to the tribe "for review and
Washington and Idaho.
comment prior to their formal presentation to Congress." AIPRC
BPA was listening. BPA Administrator Don Ho-
legislative recommendations to the new 95th Congress will become
Purpose of the new agreement is to forge a
del and staff initiated meetings with tribes as
the basis of future federal Indian policy.)
"partnership" among the tribes, BPA, the
units of government recognized by courts as co-
PNRC and the states to undertake coordinated
equal with state governments, and began negotiat-
Idaho wants 'Fair share'
programs aimed at helping to restore the anad-
ions behind the first memorandum.
romous fishery of the Columbia River.
WASHINGTON-Idaho Atty. Gen. Wayne L. Kidwell asked the
That was signed Oct. 13 amid hard opposition
Supreme Court Nov. 8 to protect Idaho's "fair share" of salmon
Also in the making-and originating from the
and criticism from state officials. Thus sprung the
and steelhead on the Columbia River by requiring admission of
original Oct. 13 agreement-are plans for form-
concept of the new memorandum.
Idaho in the Oregon-Washington Columbia River Fish Compact.
ation of a Columbia River Intertribal Fish Com-
mission.
Parties involved in the second round of negot-
Idaho is also asking the Supreme Court to determine what "share"
iations were BPA, Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
of the fish belong to Idaho-where about half of the fish are spawn-
ORIGINS
Portland Area Office, Interior Deputy Solicitor
ed. The court is expected to take many months to determine
George Dysart, the Pacific Northwest Regional
whether to intervene in the dispute. (Immediate reaction of inland
The origins of this unprecedented flurry of co-
Commission at-according to some reports-offic-
treaty fishing tribes-Yakima, Umatilla, Warm Springs and Nez
ials of various state attorney general offices.
Perce-was not immediately available.)
Troops asked
The upcoming signing of the second memorand-
Said Kidwell in oral arguments: "We have attempted diplomacy.
um may take place in Walla Walla, Wash., where
Now we have nowhere else to go."
the four affected tribes signed the original historic
in Northwest
treaties in June of 1855.
MANAGER FRANK BROWN
FISH COMMISSION
353 S. Main
for fishermen
Pendleton
Planning for the proposed Columbia River Inter-
FRANK'S
tribal Fish Commission, meanwhile, are moving
SALT LAKE CITY-The National Congress of
apace. Since Oct. 13 and four tribes established
American Indians (NCAI) Oct. 22 adopted by
first an ad hoc steering committee, then a full
NEWS
unanimous vote a resolution requesting that the
sttering committee to examine the concept and
U.S. send in federal marshals and troops to Idaho,
to put flesh on the idea.
Washington and Oregon "to protect Indian treaty
and inherent fishing rights from violent interfer-
Part of these proposed plans include:
ence by non-Indian persons acting with the silent
approval of the state of Washington."
-Completion of a constitution and by-laws for
OREGON JOURNAL
the intertribal commission;
PORTLAND OREGONIAN
The resolution was adopted by the national
EAST OREGONIAN
Indian assembly as the so-called "Fish War" rose
-Completion of operational documents specify-
And Indian papers
to a boil along Puget Sound.
ing the scope of work of the proposed commis-
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL
sion, its budget, staff and accountability to the
SPILYAY TYMOO
The resolution, introduced by Quinault Chairman
four member tribes.
YAKIMA NATION REVIEW
Joseph de la Cruz, declared that the three states
FROM WHERE THE SUN NOW STANDS
had been delegated authority to enforce treaty
Future of the commission concept will not be
RAWHIDE PRESS
fishing rights but had been "unable and unwilling"
known until the upcoming signing of the second
AKWESASNE NOTES
to prevent "violent interference" with those rights.
memorandum of understanding.
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
3
1976 TRIBAL ELECTIONS
'Indirect cost rate'
VOTE
NOV. 26
Amendment
negotiated for tribe
BY PEGGY JOHNSON
In the voters' referendum on this proposed constitutional amendment to the Constitution and By:
Tribal Comptroller
Laws adopted by the Confederated Tribes in 1949, the particulars are:
MISSION-Over the past few months the Confederated Tribes have
PURPOSE: This amendment would strengthen the Constitution and provide the Board of Trustees
been engaged in the preparation of an "indirect cost proposal" and
with the authority to regulate, by ordinance, a broader range of activities on the Umatilla Reservation
negotiation of an "indirect cost rate with the Interior Dept. Office
which affect tribal rights, powers and resources.
of Audit and Investigation in Portland and Sacramento, Cal.
A "YES" vote would amend Article VI, Section 1(d) of the Constitution and By-
The result of this effort came in mid-October in the form of a sign-
Laws of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation, which now provides
ed agreement between the tribe and that office, approving an indir-
ect cost rate of 26.3 percent for the period from October 1976 to
that the Board of Trustees has the power
June 1977.
"To promulgate and enforce ordinances of the tribes....."
What is the "indirect cost system"? It is simply a method used to
To read in the future:
recover costs incurred by the tribe for the administration of federal
grants and contracts based on total direct expenses. Indirect rates
"To promulgate and enforce ordinances governing the conduct of all persons and activities within
are usually approved for a one-year period and are generally subject
the boundaries of the Umatilla Indian Reservation....."
to audit and re-negotiation each year.
The indirect cost rate makes easier the allocation, billing and re-
covery of indirect costs.
Board of Trustees
What are "indirect costs"? They are costs incurred for a common
purpose benefitting more than one tribal program, and which are
not easily separable.
SEVEN PERSONS have been certified by the Elections Committee as candidates for
member positions on the Board of Trustees. Terms are for a period of two years.
For example, tribal accounting office and core administrative tribal
staff are part of the "indirect cost employee pool." The reception-
Responsibilities of members and officers of the Board of Trustees are defined precisely
ist who answers the phones and the payroll clerk preparing the pay-
in the Tribal Constitution and By-Laws. Four current members on the Board are in
roll are performing functions for many programs, not just one.
mid-term of two-year terms. Four member positions are open. Following election of
Their salaries are not easily chargeable in part to all programs bene-
new board members, the Board of Trustees meets in open session to elect Chairman,
fitting from the services they provide. Other such cost items in
an "indirect cost pool" include necessary travel, telephones, rent,
Vice Chairman, Secretary and Treasurer for the coming year.
duplication machine costs, repair of office equipment and the like.
LESLIE MINTHORN: Incumbent Board Chair-
he graduated from Pendleton High School and
attended Yakima Valley Community College.
The process involved in arriving at the 26.3 percent indirect cost
man, he has been a Board member for the past
four years and chairman for the past two years.
He has attended numerous health affairs specialty
rate included the submission of the tribal "indirect cost proposal"
to the Office of Audit and Investigation.
He is also a board member of the Umatilla Res-
sessions.
ervation Housing Authority and member of the
Law and Order Committee along with his daily
RODNEY T. COWAPOQ: Board candidate and
This proposal consisted of an allocation plan for general services to
duties as Board Chairman. A resident of McKay
past Board member. Traditional Whipman for
the tribe. Costs were analyzed and categorized as to their "allow-
Creek area and graduate of Pilot Rock High Sch-
Confederated Tribes. Present environmental aide
ability" and whether they were a direct cost to a grant program or
with Landfill Enterprise and past board member
an indirect cost.
ool, he served with the U.S. Army Paratroopers
and studied industrial electronics at Carr Junior
of Umatilla Reservation Housing Authority. A
resident of Mission, he was a noted baseball and
The procedures used in arriving at the proposals prevented the
College in Portland. He rose to position of elect-
ronics test engineer with a firm, then returned to
basketball athlete prior to graduating from Pend-
same cost from being charged both as a direct and indirect cost,
McKay Creek area in 1972, and was shortly elect-
leton High School and afterwards.
and assured that similar costs for a department were given consistent
ed to Board
treatment, regardless of the funding source for that department.
KENNETH BILL: Board candidate and past
Board member. He serves on Tribal Fish Com-
A local accounting firm, the Pendleton branch of Yergen and
SAM KASH KASH: Incumbent Board member.
mittee where he was active in formation of Col-
Meyer, prepared the schedules for the Confederated Tribes.
A retired rancher, he currently serves on Tribal
umbia River Basin Fisheries Alliance this spring,
Budget Committee, Fish Committee, Board of
and member of Budget Committee and Tribal
The indirect cost system is not a new thing. Its concept has been
Health and Farm Enterprise. He attended Hask-
Board of Health. A Mission resident, he graduated
around a long time. For Indian tribes, however, indirect cost is
ell Institute in Lawrence, Kan. Past Board Chair-
from Chemawa Indian School in Salem.
a fairly recent concept. At the present time the Umatillas number
man and General Council Chairman, General
among the less than half of Northwest tribes to have a negotiated
Council Interpreter and reservation police of-
RAPHAEL BILL: A Board candidate and young-
and approved indirect cost rate, although this number of tribes
ficer. He has held tribal offices since 1936.
est candidate on ballot. A resident of Tutuilla,
is growing.
Other past affiliations include membership on the
he has studied and completed training on heavy
Indian Affairs Council, Pendleton Recreation
equipment at Indian Lake and in cement mason-
Those dollars received from indirect cost will aid the tribe in main-
Committee, and Umatilla Juvenile Advisory
ry apprenticeship in Corvallis this past spring.
taining work staff and supportive services in the administration of
Council. Resident of Mission.
tribal government-for both the General Council and Board of
RAYMOND T. BURKE: Board candidate. Past
Trustees and will then also assist in the overall provision of serv-
ELWOOD PATAWA: Incumbent Treasurer of
General Council Chairman, he currently serves
ices to the tribal people through tribal governmental departments
Board. Currently executive director of Tribal
on the Tribal Law and Order Committee and
and operations.
Health Department and coordinator for commun-
Credit Committee. He is a resident of the McKay
ity health representatives. A resident of Mission,
Creek area.
Oregon concedes on tax
General Council
SALEM-(Staff)-The state of Oregon cannot require personal
income tax from enrolled members of the Umatilla Reservation
when those individuals live on the reservation and derive their in-
FIVE INDIVIDUALS have been certified by the Elections Committee as candidates
come from sources within the boundaries of the reservation, accord-
for four open positions on the General Council. Positions on the ballot are Chairman,
ing to a legal opinion by Ted E. Barbera, assistant attorney general
Vice Chairman, Interpreter and Secretary. The responsibilities of these positions are
in the tax division of Oregon's Department of Justice.
defined clearly in the Tribal Constitution and By-Laws. All terms are for one year.
Barbera's opinion was delivered Sept. 20 to Gary Friesen of the
Oregon Department of Revenue. (It was not made available to
KATHLEEN GORDON: Unchallenged candidate
ELIZA COWAPOO BILL: Incumbent Interpreter.
Umatilla tribal officials or their attorney until the first week of
for Chairman, General Council. Incumbent Vice
Only ballot candidate for General Council Interp-
November.)
Chairman this year. She has served in the past as
reter. Widow of late Whipman Phillip Bill and
General Council Secretary. A social services clerk
resident of Tutuilla, she has long been active in
"Recent developments in the law require reconsideration of my
at the Umatilla Agency, she has held this position
tribal affairs and has served for a long period of
previous opinion on this subject," wrote Barbera. Barbara in a
for five and a half years. She was born on the
time as tribal representative in ceremonials across
four-page memorandum explored Public Law 280, passed in 1953,
Umatilla Reservation and has lived here for 35
the West and Midwest.
under which Oregon had claimed in had civil and criminal juris-
years.
diction over the Umatilla Reservation, and subsequent taxing pow-
ROSEMARY NARCISSE: Incumbent General
ers.
Council Secretary. Candidate for Secretary. She
is assistant manager of the Mini Halfway House
He also reviewed Supreme Court decisions affecting state taxation
RONALD J. POND: Only announced candidate
in Mission and is currently developing a 30-day
of reservation members in Arizona and Minnesota. One, the Mc-
for Vice Chairman, General Council. Present
intensive treatment program. Mission resident.
Clanahan case of 1973, ruled that Arizona could not tax the income
Chairman of Nixyaawian Celebration Committee
Past Landfill Enterprise staffer.
of a reservation resident who gained his income on the reservation.
and member of Law and Order Committee and
Umatilla Tribal Education Board. He worked this
MITZI KIPP RODRIGUEZ: Candidate for Gener-
The other, the Bryan case of 1975, ruled that the state of Minnes-
fall with the tribal curriculum development pro-
al Council Secretary. She is currently clerk-typist
ota was given no authority to tax Indians or Indian property on
ject and is currently studying as teacher intern at
in medical records at Mission's Yellowhawk Clinic.
reservations.
Oregon State University (OSU) in Corvallis. A
Past Secretary for one year for the Early Child-
recognized artist and traditionalist, he coordinated
hood Development Center Board of Directors, she
Concluded Barbera: "I am of the opinion that Public Law 280
12-member tribal delegation to Bicentennial Fest-
is this year a board member of that group. She
does not authorize Oregon to impose its personal income tax upon
ival of American Folklife in Washington, D.C. this
is overseer of a girls' Bluebirds group. She has
the income of an enrolled member of the Umatilla Indian Tribe,
August.
devoted much time to younger people.
(Continued on Page 9)
4
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
INSIDE TRIBAL
SUPERINTENDENT SEARCH BEGINS AGAIN
GOVERNMENT
The position of Agency Superintendent is now being readvertised,
and Board of Trustees interviews with top-rated applicants will be
taking place soon. Dale Lingle is Acting Supt. He has carried those
A MONTHLY WRAPAROUND
responsibilities since the departure of Jose M. Carpio in June. Cand-
idate Emmett Lynch ran into difficulties in his try for the post.
An effort to secure Carpio's return utilizing a petition to that effect
with about 300 signatures was not successful with the Portland Area
Office.
A conditional use permit issued to Farrell Samp-
The Arts and Crafts Shop is building a good in-
Expected to be among those interviewed soon are four Indian BIA
son was approved by the Board of Trustees Nov. 1
ventory and selling its new stocks rapidly. Gaso-
for a quarry and rock crusher site. The site is loc-
employees who received "highly qualified" ratings in June. These
line is moving extremely rapidly. The laundro-
ated one half mile south on old Highway 30 from
are: David Wynecoop, Spokane, administrative manager at Spokane
mat is "slow." Seating alongside the larger dryers
the St. Andrew's road. The permit allows Samp-
Agency, Wellpinit, Wash.; Merritt Youngdeer, Eastern Cherokee,
and washers is recommended.
asst. supt at Yakima Agency, Toppenish, Wash.; William Topash,
son to utilize the quarry for one year. If his oper-
ation is proven safe and meets environmental in-
Tulalip, administrative manager at Fort Hall Agency, Fort Hall, Ida.;
Heim recommends a "high volume-high profit"
and Gordon Cannon, Kiowa-Sioux, realty officer at Colville Agency,
spections the permit may be continued. Sampson
item to keep percentages up. Heim recommends
pledged to serve the reservation, county and indiv-
Nespelem, Wash.
the sale of beer and wine. Heim estimates that
iduals. He added that he will give the Confederat-
sale of these items will increase business by 30
ed Tribes "first option" to buy from him.
percent.
A robbery of turquoise rings, bracelet and neck-
lace from the Arts and Crafts Shop occurred Oct.
FRAZIER
A total of nine arrests for illegal hunting by
24. Items were valued from $700 to $1,000. The
non-Indians on the reservation have been made
jewelry is being held by the Umatilla County Sher-
by BIA Game Warden William Lorentino. The
iff's Dept. pending the legal outcome of a suspect
arrests occurred on Light Ridge and in the John-
charged in the case.
son Creek area on the opening day of elk season.
Two of the persons arrested were from Portland,
BOOK STORE
and the remaining seven were local hunters. Fines
for illegal hunting are $250. No other arrests
were made during the balance of the elk season.
The Indian Lake Recreation Area development
227 S. MAIN
PENDLETON, ORE. 97801
276-1121
project is nearly in its final shape under work
by the Park Construction Co. Access roads and
picnic area roads are nearly completed. The base
A report to the Board of Trustees Nov. 1 on the
course is down, and approval from the Econ-
OFFICE SUPPLIES
EQUIPMENT
business of the newly opened Mission Market on
omic Development Administration (EDA) to lay
the reservation shows that turnover is good, with
the keystone rock is expected soon.
sales progressing. Manager Allen Heim is satisfied
with his employee staff for doing a good job and
All water pipelines have been laid, but will not
showing steady advancement in their training.
become operational until electricity is provided.
A sand beach of 300 lineal
THE CAYUSE INDIANS
feet is to be placed on the
Imperial Tribesmen of Old Oregon
General Council
north side of the lake. The BIA
will manage and utilize the visib-
By Robert H. Ruby and John A. Brown
le rock piles near the lake for
an access road contract of 1.7
FOREWORD BY CLIFFORD M. DRURY
miles.
Why hatred?
Completion of the attractive
structure by
the McCormack Construction
WHY IS IT that people hate? Would it not be just as easy to
Co. of Pendleton has been nearly
love? Why do Indians hate non-Indians and mixed-bloods? Why
halted by reason of a strike by
do non-Indians hate Indians?
the Plumbers and Steamfitters
Union Local 598. The strike
We all know the root of this
began June 1 in southeast Wash-
age-old problem stems from the
ington and northeastern Ore-
first arrival of the non-Indian
gon, and no end is in sight yet.
on this continent. It seems we
cannot be big enough or intellig-
Original completion date was
ent enough to let bygones be
Oct. 9. The construction con-
bygones and take leave of our
tract imposes penalties for over-
petty prejudices to advance and
due completion-if the company
make this world a better place
is at fault. But McCormack
in which to live.
could not anticipate the strike.
Says Mgr. Harlan Peterson: "As
We condemn the white man
long as this strike continues, and
day after day, while enjoying
as long as there is no malicious
the modern conveniences which
effort on our part not to do the
they have invented. We are
work, we're not liable." He ex-
guilty of nearly losing sight of
pects it all to be done "by the
the old Indian ways because we
first of the year."
are so busy enjoying modern-
day living.
Still undone: windows, plumb-
ing for toilet and fountain fixt-
"Ruby and Brown have told the Cayuse story with clarity, frankness
and sympathetic understanding."-SEATTLE TIMES
WE HAVE BEEN FORCED into being what we are-be that
ures, touch-up plaster and paint
red apples, non-Indians, half-Indians or bicultural Indians. But
work, and carpeting. Trees out-
"A very good guide on a Iittle-documented subject.-AMERICAN
we should not lose sight of the fact that this is the world we must
side the new structure are being
HISTORICAL REVIEW
survive in for the time being, and we should make the best of it.
trimmed to protect it.
We pass this way only once-no matter what race we are.
"Very good."-AMERICAN BOOK COLLECTOR
HOPSON FAILS
Regardless of the fact that some of us are or might be mixed-
"It has its faults, but it's the best single book so far for casual reading
IN HOUSE BID
and study of the Cayuse and early days."-CONFEDERATED UMA-
bloods, half-breeds or whatever, our hearts are pumping the very
TILLA JOURNAL
same blood that flows through the veins of one another. Maybe
not everybody on this reservation is related, but according to my
JUNEAU, Alaska-Eben Hop-
grandmother and some of the elderly people I viwit with, about
son, Eskimo mayor of Alaska's
NEW TITLE
90 percent of us are all interrelated one way or another-whether
vast North Slope Borough, lost
his Nov. 2 bid for the state's
we'd like to admit it or not.
single seat to the U.S. House of
Editor Donald Worcester, FORKED TONGUES AND
Representatives.
BROKEN TREATIES (Caxton Press, 1976), $9.95
IT SADDENS MY HEART when I hear an Indian man run down
non-Indians when he is married to a non-Indian woman and has
children who are mixed-bloods. It is the same with Indian women
Hopson lost to Republican in-
cumbent Rep. Don Young.
married to non-Indian men.
Hopson since 1972 has been
FRAZIER BOOK STORE
They are the most radical. I think to myself: "Do we hate our
mayor of the richest municip-
227 S. Main
own children, our own grandchildren, our own in-laws?" The last
ality in the world. His campaign
has halted temporarily while he
Pendleton, Ore. 97801
group would be understandable, but our own flesh and blood?
was treated for throat cancer in
LET'S STOP AND THINK before we condemn anyone because
Seattle, and that delay harmed
NAME
of his or her degree of blood. They could be our own children
his chances for election, say
ADDRESS
or grandchildren. The most important thing is what is in our
insiders.
CITY
STATE
ZIP
hearts-if we have any. Tim-Nah-Pah!
-KATHLEEN GORDON
Hopson is believed to be the
TITLE
Vice Chairman
only Indian or Native within the
CHECK
MONEY ORDER
C.O.D.
General Council
50 states to seek congressional
office this year.
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
NCAI
(Continued from Page 1)
who for the first time are be-
"address all issues and get
the NCAI Executive Council
lent interference";
red during the convention. Miss
ginning to pressure the Bureau
committees to work with plans
which convenes in Washington
NCAI 1976-Nellie Lopez of
of Indian Affairs (BIA), the
for direct actions."
the week of the Inaugural of
-A call for re-hearing of a sec-
Arizona-was selected.
Interior and Justice Depts., and
Pres.-elect Jimmy Carter. Those
ret Senate investigation into
the White House itself.
Trimble said no one could yet
acted on included:
the American Indian Move-
Next year NCAI will meet in
determine whether the Amer-
ment (AIM) which heard only
Dallas, Tex. And site in 1978 by
Tonasket said the last decade
ican Indian Policy Review Com-
-Rejection of AIPRC Task
one non-Indian FBI informer
vote will be Rapid City, S.D.
of court decisions upholding
mission (AIPRC), which sends
Force Five's report and rec-
and which published its find-
key tribal rights-particularly
its recommendations to Cong-
ommendation on the field of
ings in a hot document;
Theme of the convention was
rights to fish in "usual and
ress next spring, "will usher in
Indian education;
"Justice through Tribal Sover-
accustomed places" outside res-
a new era."
-Condemnation of the so-called
eignty." NCAI officials said the
ervation borders-are prompt-
-A call for federal troops to
"Redneck organizations" for
Indian Law Enforcement Im-
ing the "Redneck groups" to
But the bulk of convention
be sent to the Northwest to
"distorting the Indian position"
provement Act authored by the
throw lawsuits against tribes.
assembly hours were devoted to
protect Indian fishermen ex-
and "prejudicing rights."
organization this year will be
five separate policy position
ercising treaty fishing rights
reintroduced in the next session
"The challenge from today
papers to be weighed and final-
amid an atmosphere of "vio-
Many social events also occur-
of the 95th Congress.
on for tribal governments
ized by the assembly for pres-
people on Capitol Hill will be
entation to AIPRC in Washing-
keeping the floodgates shut on
ton, D.C. on Nov. 19-22. Dur-
Miss NCAI 1976-77
negative legislation.'
ing the November session AIPRC
will "mark up" its own recom-
Concluded Tonasket:
"I
mendations to Congress in line
wouldn't worry in my heart if
with Indian input.
I knew we would stand togeth-
er as brothers and sisters. Only
These policy statements were
time will make me fee that
concerned with treaties and fed-
way." NCAI, meanwhile, estab-
eral trust responsibilities, tribal
lished a Litigation Committee
governmental powers, sovereign
to monitor all court suits and
tribal jurisdiction, federal admin-
appeals ongoing which affect
istration and structure of Indian
numbers of tribes.
affairs, and protection of nat-
ural resources.
NCAI Executive Director Char-
les Trimble, Oglala Sioux, called
The lengthy position drafts
the past three years "a wind-
drew considerable debate and
down from the heavy and pro-
controversy on the floor, reflect-
gressive activities of the Nixon
ing the serious nature of the con-
period." Of some high federal
siderations. All five were ac-
officials he noted: "What we
cepted with modifications on
consider treachery they con-
the last day of the convention.
sider cleverness."
Nearly 170 other resolutions
Trimble said the purpose of
submitted to the NCAI Res-
the mandate the convention
olutions Committee. Of these
A PINT OF PAPAGO POISE, Nellie Lopez, 20, of
Papago Nation of 1976, she is the oldest of nine
would set for the daily NCAI
a handful were acted upon and
Sells, Ariz., was selected Miss NCAI 1976-77 in
children who is studying to be a legal secretary.
staff would order the staff to
the others were remanded to
Salt Lake the night of Oct. 20 against 21 other
Nellie is pictured above, left. To right, from left
contestants. The night before she wowed over
to right: Third Runner-Up Margaret Pinkham,
2,000 Indians with her extraordinary tribal and
Yakima; Second Runner-Up Barbara Beatty,
cultural talents. Her first reaction? "All this
White Mountain Apache; First Runner-Up Lor-
will be over tomorrow. Put me to work." Miss
raine Jackson, Hualapai; and Nellie.
BIA
(Continued from Page 1)
lette Butler, Oklahoma Cher-
Legislative Committee.
In 1972, following the reelect-
okee and BIA Director of the
ion of former President Richard
Office of Self-Determination;
After his retirement from
M. Nixon, he was a leading con-
Andrew T. Anderson, New York
Congress in 1971, he served as
tender for the post of Indian
Mohawk, Union Carbide Corp.
chairman of a prestigious advis-
Commissioner, but lost out to
official and aide to the Amer-
ory group to the U.S. National
Morris Thompson, who took
ican Indian Policy Review Com-
Parks Service.
office on Dec. 3, 1973.
mission; R. Dennis Ickes, deputy
undersecretary of Interior; and
Stanley Doremus, deputy assist-
INDIAN COMMISSIONERS IN THE SWEEP OF HISTORY
BOARD CHAIRMAN MINTHORN AND MEMBER MINTHORN LISTEN
ant secretary of Interior.
Reifel was born in September
The Bureau of Indian Affairs was created in 1824 and placed in the
OREGON'S MOST COMPLETE INDIAN PHOTO FILE
of 1906 on the Rosebud Sioux
War Department. In 1832 the post of Commissioner of Indian
Reservation in South Dakota to
Affairs was established. In 1848-amid deep political debate over its
a full-blood mother and a Ger-
propriety-the BIA was moved out of the War Dept. and into the
man-American father. He work-
Interior Dept., where it remains in 1976. Fourteen War Dept.
ed on the family ranch until
officials led Indian affairs from 1789 to 1832. There have been 43
college, when he attended
individuals holding responsibilities of Indian Commissioner from
South Dakota State College,
1832 to 1976. Of these 43 Indian Commissioners, five have been
then Harvard University where
Indians as well. (The first was Ely S. Parker, an Iroquois, appointed
he earned his master's and
in 1869, over a century ago.)
doctorate.
SECRETARIES OF WAR
1869-1871: Ely S. Parker
FIRST INDIAN TO HOLD POST-
After college he was appointed
1879-1795: Henry Knox
IROQUOIS OF NEW YORK
BIA farm agent. He became sup-
1795-1796:
Thomas Pickering
erintendent on the Pine Ridge
1796-1800:
James McHenry
1871-1873:
Francis A. Walker
PHOTOS
and Rosebud Sioux reservations
1800-1801:
Samuel Dexter
1873-1875:
Edward P. Smith
in his home state. In the 1930s
1801-1809: Henry Dearborn
1875-1877:
John O. Smith
1809-1813: William Eustis
1877-1880:
Ezra A. Hayt
he was active in assisting tribes
1813-1814: John Armstrong
1880-1881:
R.E. Trowbridge
to form business councils under
1814-1815: James Monroe
1881-1885:
Hiram Price
the Indian Reorganization Act
1815-1817: William H. Crawford
1885-1888: John D.C. Atkins
AVAILABLE FOR YOUR REVIEW is a comprehensive photo
of 1934 during the John Collier
1817-1825: John C. Calhoun
1888-1889:
John H. Oberly
collection of the events, scenes and participants of the Pendleton
1825-1828: James Barbour
1889-1893:
Thomas J. Morgan
era. In the 1950s he became
1828-1829: Peter B. Porter
1893-1897:
Daniel M. Browning
Round-Up from its beginning in 1910 to the present.
Aberdeen Area Director.
1829-1831: John H. Eaton
1897-1904: William A. Jones
1831-1832: Lewis Cass
1904-1909: Francis E. Leupp
THE INDIAN COLLECTION of American Indian Beauty Queens
1909-1913:
Reifel was elected to the U.S.
Robert G. Valentine
INDIAN COMMISSIONERS
1913-1921:
Cato Sells
and Happy Canyon Princesses is arranged chronologically, por-
House of Representatives on the
1921-1929:
Charlies H. Burke
traying the major tribal beauties of the twentieth century.
Republican ticket in November
1832-1836: Elbert Herring
1929-1933:
Charles J. Rhoads
of 1960. He easily defeated two
1836-1838: Carey A. Harris
1933-1945:
John Collier
THE LIFE OF UMATILLA COUNTY is interesting, varied and
1838-1845:
T. Hartley Crawford
1945-1949:
formidable opponents in the
William A. Brophy
1845-1849:
William Medill
1949-1950:
John R. Nichols
beautiful. Our classic and contemporary photographs capture
primary and won a sizeable
1849-1850: Orlando Brown
1950-1953:
Dillon S. Myer
this life, and we can make it available to you at reasonable cost.
plurality in the election. He
1850-1853:
Luke
Lea
1953-1961:
Glenn L. Emmons
served five terms in the Cong-
1853-1857:
George Manypenny
1961-1966:
Philleo Nash
[Umatilla Treaty June 9, 1855]
1966-1969:
Robert L. Bennett
625 N.W. 8TH ST.
ress.
1857-1858:
James W. Denver
ONEIDA
1858
Charles E. Mix
1969-1972:
Louis R. Bruce
PENDLETON, ORE. 97801
While there he served as rank-
1858-1859: James W. Denver
MOHAWK-SIOUX
(503) 276-7491
ing minority member on the
(Treaty ratified Mar. 8, 1859]
1972-1973:
Richard Bodman
1859-1861: Alfred B. Greenwood
1973
Marvin L. Franklin
House Appropriations Commit-
1861-1865: William P. Dole
IOWA
tee, ranking minority member
1865-1866: Dennis Cooley
1973-1976:
Morris Thompson
ROUND-UP HISTORY IN PHOTOGRAPHS SINCE 1910
on the strategic House Interior
1866-1867:
Lewis V. Bogy
ATHABASCAN
Committee, and the House
1867-1869:
Nathaniel G. Taylor
1976
Ben Relfel
6
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
MISSION
MONDAY-FRIDAY
6:00 A.M. 9:00 P.M.
MARKET
WEEKENDS
8:00 A.M. 9:00 P.M.
MISSION JUNCTION
WATCH FOR
SPECIALS
HUSKY
COMPLETE FOODS
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THE MARKET PROVIDES A WHOLE
VARIETY OF FOODS, GROCERIES,
REGULAR
-
60.9
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COST AND FAIR VALUE. YOUR CON-
PREMIUM
64.9
VENIENT AT-HOME SHOPPING CENTER
UNLEADED
-
63.9
TRIBAL ARTS SHOP
LAUNDROMAT
BEADWORK, LEATHERWORK, BOOKS,
POSTERS, MEDALLIONS, MOCCASINS,
OUR LAUNDROMAT PROVIDES CLEAN
BUCKSKIN BAGS, HAIR TIES, BUCKLES,
AND CONVENIENT WASHING AND DRY-
AND A WHOLE RANGE OF TRIBAL
ING MACHINES FOR YOUR FAMILY
ARTS & CRAFTS TO ENJOY
AND INDIVIDUAL NEEDS
MANAGER PHYLLIS PETERSON
MANAGER ALLEN HEIM
TELEPHONE 276-8772
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
7
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:
American Tribes and the U.S. Congress
FORREST J. GERARD has just left the Senate Interior and
-Act of June 30, 1834: This bill provided for the org-
Interior Affairs Committee where he has served as profes-
anization of a Department of Indian Affairs within the
sional staff member since 1971. He was previously top Ind-
War Department.
ian deputy in the Department of Health, Education and
Welfare (HEW). Highly respected and esteemed, the Mont-
ana Blackfeet professional was awarded the annual Heller
-Act of June 30, 1834: The Indian Trade and Inter-
Award this year by NCAI for outstanding service to Indian
course Act redefined boundaries of Indian lands, ended
people nationwide. Much new national Indian legislation
passport requirements for non-Indian Americans, sum-
which has become law has emerged from his commitment
and professionalism. Gerard has consented to the public-
marized previous criminal and trader laws, and proclaim-
ation in the Confederated Umatilla Journal of a nine-part
ed that crimes of Indians against Indians on Indian land
series derived from his comprehensive writing of October
were not within federal jurisdiction.
1976 entitled "Congressional Responsibility for American
Indian Policy-History, Current Issues and Future Goals."
Each part of this series will appear in subsequent issues.
-Act of Mar. 3, 1849: This act established the Depart-
ment of the Interior and placed the Commissioner of
BY FORREST J. GERARD
Indian Affairs under this department.
WASHINGTON-The continuing basis of federal resp-
-Act of Mar. 27, 1854: This act extended tribal juris-
onsibility for the American Indian was defined clearly
diction over crimes committed by Indians against Ind-
by Reid P. Chambers in a Senate study prepared in
ians on Indian lands.
1971. Wrote Chambers:
-Act of Mar. 3, 1871: This act ended treaty-making by
"The United States stands in a fiduciary relationship
declaring that Indian nations and tribes within U.S.
to Indians and Indian tribes. It has been held by the
territory would no longer be recognized as "independ.
Supreme Court that 'Indian tribes are the wards of the
ent."
nation...' The duty is a 'self-imposed' one which arises
-Act of Mar. 3, 1883: This act contained the first gen-
out of the Indian tribes' status as 'dependent domestic
eral statute regarding Indian monies, and released
nations' within the territory of the United States.
through the U.S. Treasury pasturage, timber, mining
and other "proceeds of labor" funds to be used by the
"The classic discussion of the government's fiduciary
tribes, with the approval of the Interior Department.
duty to Indian tribes is found in Chief Justice John
Marshall's landmark decision of Cherokee Nation V.
-Act of Mar. 3, 1885: This act extended federal court
Georgia in 1831. In holding that Indian tribes are not
jurisdiction over Indian lands to seven major crimes.
'foreign states' entitled to invoke the original jurisdict-
RESSIONAL SPECIALIST-AUTHOR GERARD
ion of the Supreme Court, the Chief Justice stated that
Looking at treaties and federal responsibilities in history
-Act of Feb. 8, 1887: The General Allotment Act of
'the condition of the Indians in relation to the United
this date authorized the individual allotment of reservat-
States is perhaps unlike that of any other two people
Affairs Committee was, in turn, one of the five com-
ion lands to tribes, and conveyed citizenship upon the
in existence.'
mittees combined in 1947 into the new Senate Public
allottees upon termination of the trust status of the
Lands Committee, which became the Senate Com-
or to any Indian who voluntarily established residence
"Later Supreme Court decisions have reaffirmed the
mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs in 1948.
apart from his tribe and adopted the "nabits of civilized
special guardianship of the federal government for
life." The rationale behind this policy was that by
Indians. In United States V. Kagama in 1886, the
In the House of Representatives, the Indian Affairs
encouraging individual Indians to farm instead of follow-
Supreme Court analyzed the fiduciary duty as growing
Committee was subsumed in 1947 under the House
ing the old communal ways of the tribe, they would
out of an 'exclusive sovereignty which must exist in
Public Lands Committee, which in 1951 became the
more easily assimilate into American society.
the national government' and the fact that Indian tribes
House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs,
are 'communities dependent on the United States
Most recently, in Seminole United states in 1942
power of Congress over Indian affairs has man-
Act of Mar, 3, 1891: This act contained depredations
the Supreme Court held that the United States 'has
ifested itself in a large body of laws that pertain to Ind-
claims for damages sustained by acts of Indian individ-
charged itself with moral obligations of the highest re-
ians in general aw well as to specific tribes. Thus, the
uals or bands of tribes living at peace with the U.S.,
sponsibility and trust.' This guardianship was referred
complexity of the body of federal laws concerning Ind-
which would be sent to the claims courts and settled.
to as in part human and self-imposed policy.'
ian affairs has required the writing of a volume in ex-
cess of 1,000 pages in order to explicate fully the int-
-Act of July 13, 1892: This act authorized the Com-
Congressional authority over Indian affairs is derived
ricacies of the legislation and judicial interpretation
missioner of Indian Affairs to make and enforce regulat-
from the U.S. Constitution, which assigns to Congress
thereof.
ions to assure the attendance of Indian children "at
the power "to regulate commerce with foreign nations,
schools established and maintained for their benefit."
among the several States, and with the Indian tribes"
THE FOLLOWING LIST comprises a selection of
(Art. 1, Sec. 3). Congressional authority over Indian
major laws from 1789 to 1975 which apply to Indians
-Act of Aug. 13, 1894: This act required the Interior
affairs may be described as "plenary," as is indicated
as a group, and which are not relegated in their applic-
Department to hire Indians in the federal Indian service
by the language of Chief Justice John Marshall in 1832:
ability to any specific tribe:
in a practicable manner.
"[The Constitution] confers on Congress the powers
-Act of Aug. 7, 1789: Established Department of War
---Act of Nov. 21, 1921: The Snyder Act authorized
of war and peace; of making treaties, and of regulating
with responsibility for "such other matters. the
permanent "appropriations and expenditures for the ad-
commerce with foreign nations, and among the several
President of the United States shall assign to the said
ministration of Indian affairs."
states, and with the Indian tribes. These powers comp-
department relative to Indian affairs."
rehend all that is required for the regulation of our
-Act of June 2, 1924: U.S. citizenship on all non-
intercourse with the Indians. They are not limited by
-Act of July 22, 1790: Called the Intercourse Act,
citizen Indians born within the territorial limits of the
any restrictions on their free actions; the shackles im-
this was the first in a series of four such acts regulating
U.S. was conferred by this act.
posed on this power, in the confederation, are dis-
"trade and intercourse with Indian Tribes." Amend-
carded."
ments were made to this act on Mar. 1, 1793, May 19,
-Act of Feb. 29, 1929: The Secretary of the Interior
1796, and Mar. 3, 1799.
was directed to permit agents and employees of any
In commenting on this statement, Felix Cohen's
state to enter on Indian lands to inspect health and ed-
monumental "Federal Indian Law:: notes that "it is
-Act of Apr. 18, 1796: This act established govern-
ucational conditions, to enforce sanitation and quaran-
clear that the powers mentioned by Chief Justice Marsh-
ment trading houses with Indians under control of the
tine regulations, and to enforce compulsory school
all proved to be so extensive that in fact the federal
U.S. President.
attendance of Indian pupils as provided by state laws.
powers exercised over Indian affairs are as wide as state
powers over non-Indians, and therefore one is justified
-Act of May 18, 1796: This act contained the first
-Act of Apr. 16, 1934: The Johnson-O'Malley Act
in characterizing such federal power as 'plenary.' This
provision regarding punishment of tribal Indians living
provided for federal-state cooperation in Indian affairs,
does not mean, however, that congressional power over
in peace with the United States for crimes committed
with emphasis on education in particular, by means of
Indians is not subject to express constitutional limit-
on non-Indian lands.
federal contracts with state governments, or political
ations, such as the Bill of Rights."
subdivisions of the states, for the operation of federal
-Act of Mar. 30, 1802: Called the Permanent Trade
Indian programs.
DURING THE EARLY CONGRESSES, Indian matters
and Intercourse Act, this legislation incorporated the
were considered either by the whole Senate or House of
first four temporary intercourse Acts referred to above,
-Act of June 18, 1934: The Indian Reorganization
Representatives, by select committees appointed for
and restricted consumption of liquor among tribes.
Act ended allotments of Indian lands, ended the pract-
that purpose, or by various other committees. In Jan-
ice of terminating trust periods of restricted alien-
uary 1820, the Senate established a Standing Committee
-Act of Mar. 3, 1817: This act gave federal courts
ability of Indian lands, and appropriated $2 million a
on Indian Affairs having jurisdiction over Indian affairs
jurisdiction over Indians and non-Indians in Indian
year for the purpose of lands for tribes in order to
legislation. This was followed in December 1821 by est-
territory, specifically exclusing crimes committed
augment the diminished Indian land base countrywide.
ablishment of a Standing Committee on Indian Affairs
by one Indian against another.
It also directed the Secretary of the Interior to issue
in the House of Representatives as well.
conservation regulations to prevent land erosion, de-
-Act of Mar. 3, 1819: This act made "provision for the
forestation and overgrazing of Indian lands, and auth-
Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twent-
civilization of the Indian tribes adjoining the frontier
orized annual appropriations not to exceed $25,000 for
ieth, there existed other standing committees in the Sen-
settlements," including appropriation of funds toward
educational loans. It also provided that "qualified
ate, and select committees in both houses of Congress,
this objective.
Indians" must be accorded employment preferences
that had jurisdiction over various aspects of Indian af-
in the Bureau of Indian Affairs. This, in effect, laid
fairs. These included committees to investigate tres-
-Act of May 28, 1830: The Indian Removal Act estab-
the foundation of a new policy toward Indians, much
passing on Indian lands as well as Indian attacks on sett-
of which is still in effect in 1976.
Isihed policies of exchanging federal lands west of the
lers, and committees to coordinate legislation affecting
Mississippi River for other lands occupied by Indian
specific tribes or groups of tribes.
tribes in the eastern portion of the U.S.
-Act of Aug. 13, 1946: This act established the Indian
Claims Commission (ICC) to hear and settle remaining
IN 1921 ALL EXISTING standing Senate committees
-Act of July 9, 1832: This act established the post of
Indian land claims. (This act has been extended through
dealing with Indian legislation were consolidated with
Commissioner of Indian Affairs under the Secretary of
1977.)
the existing Committee on Indian Affairs. The Indian
MISH MEDIA ЯЗЭАИАМ
War in the War Department.
(Continued on Page 17)
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
Fish Hawk's conversion and session
LAST MONTH the Confederated Umatilla Journal pub-
Hawk. "Sit," commanded the old man, "I have
lished a plece of writing authored by the late Lessie Cor-
nelison in 1944 entitled "Loyal Friends at Tutullia,"
something to tell you." He related his dream.
with the permission of her daughter, Mary Rinehart of
Pendleton. This month we publish her story on the
"Fish Hawk," said Motanic at the conclusion of
news quiz
conversion of Fish Hawk and a "Session" held at the
the story, "you are a dirty man." "Yes," agreed
hour of his death. These are part of the history of the
Tutullia Church on the Umatilla Reservation. Lessie
the stricken Indian humbly, "I am a bad man.
was the wife and helper of the Rev. J.M. Cornelison,
That creature with the big bottle was myself."
Tutullla pastor for many years. He wrote "Weyekin
Stories" which may soon appear in these pages.
"Fish Hawk, you had a sister that died a long
time ago?"
BY LESSIE CORNELISON
THESE QUESTIONS are prepared from stories appearing in the
"Yes, I had a young sister who went to heaven
October issue of the CUJ. How many can you answer correctly?
A LONE ONE-HORSE VEHICLE was wending
long ago."
Score yourself: 11 to 12 correct, Superchief; 8 to 10, you're on;
its way bumpily on the road that ran parallel to
6 to 8, far out; 4 to 5, you're jiving; 1 to 3, get out your glasses.
the Union Pacific railroad track on the Umatilla
Then Motanic interpreted the vision. "I think
Answers printed upside down:
Reservation. It was June in the Year of our Lord
your sister has come for you, Fish Hawk. I
1899. The air was redolent with the pungent
think you not live very long now."
1. On what day do the 1976 tribal elections take place?
odor of cottonwood trees on the banks of the
river.
THE POOR OLD MAN was deeply impressed
2. In what city today is located the "Umatilla Stone"?
by the hallucination and the warning of his friend.
On the slopes on either side were refreshing
He decided never to touch another drop of liquor.
3. Who is the Indian Commissioner who resigned Nov. 3?
green wheat fields. To the east and south were
bare hills in delectable shades of lavendar and
This resolution he kept for the remainder of his
life.
4. What federal agency issued a report which practically spells
pink, with elusive suggestion of soft greens, and
doom for the proposed Catherine Creek Dam?
in the distance, like a remote unattainable ideal,
He soon became ill from tuberculosis. The young
rose the pellucid sapphire ranges of the Blue
Presbyterian missionary, and the Nez Perce minis-
5. Who is the new executive secretary for Oregon's Commission
Mountains against a vast blue firmament.
ters who assisted him at the Tutuilla Mission, be-
on Indian Services (CIS)?
came hopeful of saving Fish Hawk's soul. They
The figures in the foreground of this gorgeous
held prayer meetings in his tepee. One day he sent
6. How much money is authorized in the new Indian Health Care
landscape were obviously unimpressed by the
word for the Session not to visit him any more
Improvement Act which President Ford signed Sept. 30?
beauty of the scene around them. A Town Marsh-
until he sent for them. The aged invalid said that
all, decorated with the badge of his office, was
grimly unsympathetic as a decrepit old Indian
when he decided to repent, he would send them
7. What is the name of the new Nez Perce tribal publication?
word.
painfully climbed out of his buggy.
8. Can you name the officers of Pendleton High's Indian Club?
"FISH HAWK," he said sternly, "now you
9. What congressmen in October introduced a bill before the U.S.
stay on this reservation where you belong. If
IT WAS FOURTH OF JULY morning, 1901.
Congress which could authorize the "buyout" of Indian fishing
you ever come to town and get drunk again I
Parsons Motanic was washing his horse in the river.
rights?
will have you sent to the Pen." Fish Hawk had
He was preparing for the parade which would take
been in town many days, drinking copiously of a
10. What young tribal actor may appear in movies next summer?
very poor brand of hard liquor. He was a path-
place on the campgrounds after the midday meal.
Motanic would don his war costume and the
etic and terrible sight. There was a wild look in
horses would be decked in elaborate beaded trapp-
11; What day is set for the first upcoming timber sales?
his eyes, bordering on insanity. His long hair was
ings.
unkempt; his moccasins were nearly off his feet
12. Who is the 1976 Round-Up American Indian Beauty Queen?
and his blanket was torn and soiled. Despite
An Indian appeared, as Parsons Motanic was
his disreputable appearance, the old brave return-
leading his mount away, with a message from Fish
ed an inscrutible dignity.
Hawk. Without stopping to tell his wife at their
camp, Motanic hurried to his friend's tepee, sev-
The poor old man felt suddenly neglected and
eral miles up the river.
Board Room at Mission. 12. Carla Conner.
lonely as the Marshall drove away. In former
Washington Democrat. 10. Curtis Sampson. 11. Nov. 12 in the
crises like this, they had taken him to jail where
The old man seemed quite ill. He greeted his
Pam Jones, Sergeant at Arms Amos Pond. 9. Rep. Lloyd Meeds,
he had a soft cot to rest on and good food until
friend thus: "I want you to get Enoch Pond and
John Withers, Vice Pres. Phillip Minthorn, Secretary-Treasurer
he had recuperated sufficiently to return to his
his elders to come. Now I want to repent of my
million. 7. "From Where the Sun Now Stands." 8. President
home. There he would meditate upon his sins
sins. I want the Session to take me into the
post. 4. General Accounting Office. 5. Bruce Bishop. 6. $480
and become repentant for a short space of time,
church."
son, an Alaska Athabascan and fifth Indian in history to hold that
until seized again with an overwhelming desire
ANSWERS: 1. Nov. 26. 2. Portland, Ore. 3. Morris Thomp-
for strong drink.
MOTANIC RODE HURRIEDLY to the house of
the elder, Robinson Minthom. Fortunately, the
TREMBLING AND FAINT he leaned against a
Nez Perce minister, Enoch Pond, and the ruling
tree for support. "Where, now, shall I go?" he
elder, Philip Minthorn, were already there. The
mumbled in his own tongue. It occurred to him
Session was soon in conference with Fish Hawk.
that he was not far from Small Hawk's place.
umatilla
Small Hawk was his nephew. He would go there.
Beside his ballet were some bundles of sticks.
These, he said, represented his crimes. He held
up a bundle. They corresponded in number to the
men he had killed. Another lot enumerated the
The next day he was lying under a pine tree on a
robberies that he had committed. He pushed them
vocabulary
grassy knoll. He felt weak and shaken, and his
away from him-thus he wished to renounce his
mind was confused. However, he was gratefully
sins.
conscious of the peaceful influence of the quiet
countryside. There was a drowsy hum of bees and
other insects, the soothing gurgle of running water.
(C) Copyright 1976 Umatilla Tribal Education Board.
Mingling with the sound of the rill were the low
IN THE MINUTES of the Session book of the
voices of the women, washing roots by the spring.
Tutuilla Mission, dated August 1, 1901, is a brief
Their sweet laughter was like soft, little tinkling
account of the baptism of Fish Hawk. He was
bells.
given the name of "Abraham." Reverend Enoch
1. Shiki
Padger
Pond was the moderator of the Session and Phillip
HE WOULD SOON recover, but now he was ill,
and Robinson Minthom were the elders. A note
2. Wishpush
Beaver
with a voice that trailed in the distance like the
adds that previous to this ceremony the Rev. J.M.
murmur of the pines. He felt indescribably light
Cornelison had married Fish Hawk, by license, to
3. Yaka
Black Bear
as if he were going to float away.
his wife. He could not have been received in the
4. 'alk
Placktail Deer
church without being legally married. His Indian
Suddenly a terrible thing happened to him. A
name was "We-a-ti-net'ti-mi-nins."
5. Caap
Bob Cat
giant figure, holding an immense bottle, was com-
ing toward him. The horrible creature had eyes
6. Wawukya
Bull Flk
as large as saucers. He was a terrifying sight.
STILLAGUAMISH SCORE LEGAL VICTORY
7. Áykws
Cottontail Rabbit
Just as the helpless man expected to be annihil-
ARLINGTON, Wash.-The Stillaguamish Indians,
ated by this monster, the scene changed. There
who number about 150, filed a civil suit against
8. Spliyay
Coyote
was the refreshing sound of running water. He
Interior Secretary Thomas Kleppe in September of
could see a clear, rushing stream with a glass
1974 after the Interior Dept. failed to respond in
9. Winat
Deer and Elk
beside it. Then sweet voices-a flock of white
any way to a petition for federal recognition of
geese with golden heads, shining feathers and
10. K'usik'usi
the tribe.
Dog
pink legs from the glow of the rising sun. One
11. Q'avik
of them came forward. It was a maiden with
Elkcalf-Calf-Colt
And on Oct. 27 of this year, Acting Interior
golden hair and a white robe.
Secy. Kent Frizzell in an official letter to attorney
12. Bashimka
Elk COW
David Getches extended limited recognition to
SHE CALLED to Fish Hawk, "Are you ready
the Stillaguamish, their hunting and fishing rights
13. Tlipa
Fox
to go?" and ran lightly and joined the company
and an entitlement to "certain" services from the
of shining figures that had taken the place of the
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA).
14. k'usi
Horse
vlock of geese. Lovely sounds again-and they
were gone.
The nearby Muckleshoot Tribe is sponsoring a
celebration dinner and bone games Dec. 4 for
Parsons Motanic was looking down at Fish
the Stillaguamish on the Muckleshoot property.
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
INDIAN POLICY:
legal affairs
New Carter statement
Proposed Amendment
hibit self-determination, while newly enacted
legislation is often bogged down for months wait-
ing for the bureaucracy to develop confusing
THIS YEAR there will be an extra item on the ballot you will
administrative regulations. A large percentage of
cast in the tribal elections Nov. 26. I am referring to a ballot
federal money is eaten up through the administrat-
measure that will determine whether tribal members wish to make
ive overlap and waste. Federal dollars appropriat-
a specific amendment to the tribal constitution.
ed for Indian programs are often misspent and
The purpose of this amendment
misallocated to programs that are unwanted by,
is to redefine the extent to which
and of little use to, Indians.
the Board of Trustees may regul-
ate persons and activities within
AS PART OF MY PLANS to reorganize govern-
the Umatilla Reservation.
ment, I intend a complete review of all federal
programs designed for Indian people, to be con-
As is discussed below, broader
ducted with the full participation of Indian leaders
powers are mandatory if the
from tribal, urban and national organizations.
Board of Trustees is to do an
effective job in representing and
This review will determine the best manner by
protecting tribal interests.
ATLANTA, Ga.-A public policy statement on
which the trust responsibility should be assured
Indian affairs for the upcoming Jimmy Carter
and maintained; it will consider how Indian legal
THE CHANGE would eliminate
Democratic administration was released here in the
interests, including land, water and energy resour-
some language in Article VI,
third week of October. It gives the principal lines
ces, can best be represented in the future; it will
Section 1(d) which authorizes
of commitment for policy in the Indian area. Fol-
analyze the administration of Indian programs
the Board of Trustees "to prom-
lowing is the full text of the October statement:
and recommend changes to cut overhead costs
ulgate and enforce ordinances
and to assure that Indian needs are really being
governing the conduct of mem-
served; and it will develop plans for full particip-
bers of the Tribe,
ation by Indian tribes in the operation of their
AS THE DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE for Pres-
programs.
That phrasing would be replaced with language that would
ident, I recognize the unique relationship between
authorize the Board of Trustees "to promulgate and enforce ord-
the federal government and Native Americans,
I WILL REVIEW AND REVISE if necessary, the
inances governing the conduct of all persons and activities within
and I believe that to the greatest extent possible,
federal laws relating to the American Indians,
the boundaries of the Umatilla Indian Reservation" (emphasis
programs for Indian tribes should be designed, im-
and the functions and purposes of the Bureau of
added).
plemented, and managed by Indian tribes. Indian
Indian Affairs. The guiding principles of my rev-
people should be able to make their own decisions
iew will be a strengthened reaffirmation of our
THE TRIBAL CONSTITUTION defines the powers of tribal
regarding budget priorities, the operation of their
legal and moral trust responsibility to the Amer-
government. It is the most basic and fundamental of tribal docu-
schools, the best use of their land, water and min-
ican Indians, and a strong, personal respect for the
ments. The expansion of tribal interests and operations requires
eral resources, and the direction of their economic
dignity of each of our First Americans.
that the governing body have sufficient authority to regulate those
development. Self-government must mean that
activities which affect tribal members, rights and property either
the majority of decisions affecting Indian tribes
Finally, I will not take unilateral action on any
favorably or adversely.
will be made in the Tribal Council room and not
issue regarding Indian affairs, or Indian programs
in Washington, D.C.
without full consultation with tribal represent-
To illustrate the importance of this amendment, consider for a
atives. Ours will be a government of participat-
moment a recent court case this year involving a challenge by
Today, duplication of effort, waste and neglect
ion, of action, of program involvement, and of
non-members to the authority of a Quechan tribal game warden
pervade the administration of programs and in-
true self-government.
to confiscate weapons from persons illegally hunting on the Que-
chan Reservation in Arizona and California.
THE QUECHAN CONSTITUTION provided that their Tribal
Carter's 'talent lists'
Council "shall have the power to promulgate ordinances and to
establish minor courts for the trial and punishment of members
of the Tribe charged with the commission of offenses set forth in
such ordinances."
BY RICHARD LA COURSE
INTERIOR DEPARTMENT
The U.S. District Court stated in its decision in this regard that
"the Quechan Tribe, if it had the power to try non-members of
What are the top positions affecting Indian af-
A new Secretary of the Interior, overseer of the
the Tribe for violations of tribal law, has foresworn it. Nor, in
fairs which President-Elect Jimmy Carter will be
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), Bureau of Land
view of the foregoing, may the Quechan Tribe cause any non-
filling as he heads toward Inauguration Jan. 20?
Management (BLM), Bureau of Reclamation
member who enters the reservation to forfeit his weapons or
(BoR), Bonneville Power Admin. (BPA) and
any other property as a consequence of violating tribal law.
They stretch from the White House across the
many other sub-agencies touching on Indian
federal bureaucracy. Government-wide he has
concerns, will be named after Jan. 20 (and per-
THIS IS BUT ONE EXAMPLE, but it served to illustrate two
about 2,000 presidential appointments to make,
haps announced before that date).
points. First, without proper authority, a tribe is unable to pro-
and-as his aides in Atlanta have called them-
tect its basic rights and interests. And second, when tribal author-
he has "talent lists" to review to determine fin-
Conventional political wisdom among Indians
ity is challenged, courts look to tribal constitutions to determine
ally whom he will nominate for top posts.
across the country prefers that the Interior Sec-
the propriety of tribal action.
retary not be a Westerner-and beholden to
Within the federal government picture in Wash-
political forces which oppose Indians principally
The proposed amendment to the Umatilla Constitution you will
ington, D.C., there is a total of 34 offices in 21
in the West where most Indian lands are located
vote on Nov. 26 will be important in many phases of criminal
federal agencies which have top Indian affairs
and where sovereign powers are exercised strongly.
and civil jurisdiction, once that jurisdiction is returned to the
administrators. Many of these offices were held
If Carter listens to this point of view, look for an
Tribe. It will enable existing programs to function more efficient-
by Indians under both Nixon and Ford. And
Easterner to get this post.
ly. Who can foresee what it will mean to future generations? But
doubtless many of them will be filled by Indians
the authority will be there and available, even if unexercised.
under Carter.
Also at Interior, key positions affecting Indian
concerns include that of Associate Solicitor for
THE TRIBAL CONSTITUTION is a tool-a very important tool
WHITE HOUSE
Indian Affairs in the Solicitor's Office. This
for tribal government. It has existed unchanged in its present form
individual-with his complement of key staff-
for some 27 years. Bot tools frequently wear out, and repairs
Departing Indian Affairs Specialist Bradley H.
can determine in large part which legal Indian
are necessary if that tool is to function properly.
Patterson Jr. in the White House will probably be
interests can be pursued by the Justice Dept. in
-TRIBAL ATTY. DOUGLAS R. NASH
replaced by a top Indian affairs strategist under
the courts and which may fall by the wayside.
Carter.
In a coming "backlash" period, this position can
be pivotal.
Under Nixon and Ford, this specialist reported
to his overseer who in turn reported directly to
TAX
(Continued from Page 3)
BIA
the President, bypassing the influential Domestic
Council.
Ahead most visibly are a new Indian Commission-
where the member lives upon the reservation and derives his income
er, his deputy, his immediate staff, and five divis-
from sources within the boundaries of the reservation."
Carter's administrative operations and structures
ion heads routinely named by the Commissioner.
in the White House are not yet public. At least
Picking an Indian Commissioner takes time.
The Supreme Court upheld the Bryan decision on June 14 of this
three persons in key spots during his campaign
The nominee has to pass the close review of
year. And on July 15, Interior Dept. Asst. Regional Solicitor C.
had much to do with Indians, though none were
both the Civil Service Commission (CSC) and
Richard Neely issued a legal opinion stating that tax refunds are
Indians themselves. These were:
then the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
"due" to all enrolled Indians of all tribes who earned their incomes
Following these checks, the nominee goes before
and resided on the Umatilla Reservation at the same time.
David Berg, a Houston, Tex. civil rights attorney
the Senate in a series of hearings, and must dis-
who worked on Carter's "issues staff" in Atlanta;
close his full personal financial history. A quest
Tribal Atty. Douglas Nash on Nov. 9 wrote Friesen asking that
also on this staff were Janet Oliver and Lynne
for "conflicts of interest" is serious before the
several further "clarifications" be provided. Among them:
Gutshall. They may reappear at some level of
Senate in a post-Watergate period.
government. Berg presented a proposed Carter
Should the state cease its current practice of withholding taxes and
administration to Indians in Salt Lake City last
issuing refunds each year to simplify its own bookkeeping and staff
month at the annual convention of the National
JUSTICE DEPARTMENT
needs, and simplify procedures for tribal members? Does the per-
Congress of American Indians (NCAI).
sonal income tax exemption apply to all enrolled members of all
Two offices in Justice-that of chief of the Lands
recognized tribes living and working on the reservation? Does the
The talk in Washington, D.C. following the elect-
and Natural Resources Division and the Office of
individual's right to tax refunds extend back to 1953, when Puble
ions contains speculation that certain Indians who
Indian Rights-have achieved top prominence with
Law 280 went into effect, or does the Oregon statute of limitat-
have taken a prominent and active role in the
the surfacing of lands, water and mineral issues
ions apply? And what are the methods by which individual enroll-
Carter campaign may obtain White House assign-
and the state of interracial conflicts in some parts
ed members can apply for refunds under the new Supreme Court
ments.
of the country,
decision? Nash is expecting answers soon.
10
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
Reservation cattle industry 'on hoof'
BY JOHN BARKLEY
lands, with assistance from Ray
ervation-which is mostly tim-
NAICA has worked with the
Lowder, Bureau of Indian Af-
berland-average 10.7 acres per
Farm Credit Admin. (FCA) to
MISSION-Members of the re-
fairs (BIA) forestry technician,
animal unit month. The re-
seek an answer to this problem.
cently formed Umatilla Forest-
and Jerry Lauer, range conserv-
mainder of the grazing land is
An FCA report shows that it
Range Conservation and Dev-
ationist from the University of
in small, isolated plots, wild
is feasible to establish a credit
elopment Enterprise have just
Idaho and now a BIA employee.
lands and timberlands not used
cooperative for Indians. The
attended the second annual
for grazing purposes.
NAICA is now implementing
convention of the National
Says Doug: "It's all got to be
this report through a program
American Indian Cattlemen's
studied out before you can put
A report from the BIA states
administered by the American
Assn. (NAICA) in Salt Lake,
cattle on the reservation range-
that "the condition of the range-
Indian National Bank in Wash-
which the tribe has just joined.
lands. Things are going pretty
lands is good. With better man-
ington, D.C.
good right now. We're in a
agement of rangelands, this con-
The purpose of that con-
business and we mustn't fail.
dition could be excellent."
And solutions are being sought
vention was to improve pro-
As soon as the reports are com-
for other problems such as man-
duction and marketing of
pleted and evaluated, imple-
agement and marketing. To
Indian-owned cattle with more
mentation will follow."
NAICA was founded in May
manage an effective cattle busin-
available credit means for Ind-
of 1974, and today has over 40
ess, NAICA feels that technical
ians throughout America.
Presently, the tribe and tribal
member tribes which raise cattle
skills and practices must be
members own 40,882 acres of
and over 500 paid members.
utilized by Indian cattlemen.
Enterprise members attending
grazing land but utilize only 30
NAICA believes that new mar-
the NAICA convention were
percent for their benefit. The
DOUGLAS MINTHORN
The main problem areas
kets will build and improve the
Chairman Douglas Minthom,
remaining acres are being leased
NAICA has uncovered, said
Indian cattle industry.
Secretary Elzie Farrow and
to non-Indians for their use.
ion. When combined with
Minthom after attending the
Tribal Development Office
timberlands used for grazing, a
Salt Lake session, were lack
Some of the best and most
(TDO) planner Michael Farrow.
The enterprise hopes to re-
total of 63.6 percent of the land
of adequate credit, lack of
profitable auctions in the U.S.
(Other members of the Enter-
acquire land through land sales
can be devoted to grazing live-
modern animal husbandry tech-
beef cattle industries take place
prise board are Denny Williams
or land claims and expand the
stock.
niques and management tech-
every year on Indian reservat-
and Ronald Pond.)
cattle business within the tribe.
niques among Indian producers,
ions.
Reservation trust lands have
and poor marketing of cattle.
What's this new effort about?
Through a loan from the Farm-
been "blocked" into 15 design-
NAICA has also assisted res-
ers Home Admin. (FmHA), the
ated range units covering 38,275
Ongoing studies are underway
ervations in the promotion and
"Today," says Doug Minthorn,
tribe is currently purchasing
acres of grazing resource. This
in these areas to improve the sit-
advertising of sales to assure
"there are few Indians who
1,800 acres of rangeland from
land with its resources can
uation of Indian cattlemen.
that enough buyers will be
manage their own cattle while
Pat Davis, a farmer who resides
support 5,243 animals for any
present to establish a competit-
[in days past] there were many
in Adams. Along with the use
given year, and 1,090 cattle.
Credit is one of the largest
ive market.
who did. I hope to see the
of rangelands already in tribal
This averages 7.06 acres per
problems today in Indian agri-
cattle business utilized by the
ownership, this purchase will
"animal unit month."
culture. Lack of collateral
With abundant supplies of re-
Indians here increased."
undoubtedly help the enterprise
has curbed the Indian cattle
sources on most reservations
get "on the hoof."
The 12 units on the reservat-
credit field, and any previous
such as water, land and trainable
Minthorn says the enterprise is
Open grazing lands comprise
ion itself average 6.2 acres per
loans defaulted on by Indian
labor, NAICA-and the Uma-
currently studying the feasibility
48 percent of the total trust
animal unit month, while the
borrowers can give others a
tillas-can also project a large
of the rangelands and timber-
lands of the Umatilla Reservat-
three tribal units off the res-
"bad reputation."
potential tribal job market.
BY RICHARD LA COURSE
Q. What is the function of the local cattlegrowers' association?
A. Most reservation cattlegrowers' associations were formed to
influence and affect the policies and regulations established by
Indian
tribal councils in setting rates for grazing lands and for the use of
MISSION-What are the major features of the nationwide Indian
water. On some reservations, the tribe sets such rates for Indian
cattle-raising enterprise, and what is the extent of the involvement
cattlegrowers who utilize tribal trust grazing lands, and the BLA
cattle
of reservation Indian folks in this enterprise across America?
Agency sets such rates for those uses on allotted lands. On other
reservations, Indian cattlegrowers have to undergo competitive
increase
Answers to these and other questions pertinent to the field are
bidding with non-Indians for the use of tribal grazing lands, some-
covered in the following question-and-answer format:
times with the disadvantage of less bidding capital. On a few South-
west reservations, cattlegrowers pay no grazing fees at all. The
family
Q. When did Indians first become largely involved in cattle-raising?
reservation cattlegrowers associations advocate the interests of
their members in the forum of the tribal council.
income
A. Following the Allotment Act of 1887, tribal lands were allotted
to individual tribal members in the amounts of 160 acres per head of
Q. Where do most Indians obtain funds to begin cattle-raising?
household. The policy of the Allotment Era, running from 1887 to
1934, was to turn Indians into farmers and ranchers. The U.S. Ind-
A. For Indians beginning a new cattle business, the Farmers Home
ian Service provided a set amount of cattle to each Indian family.
Administration (FHA) in the Agriculture Dept. makes loans to
Cattle-raising has, in the past 90 years, become a way of life and a
Indians for the purchase of cattle. An FHA agent schedules rotat-
major means of self-employed income for countless reservation Ind-
ion tours within his region, and approval for a loan request is given
ian families across the country.
by an FHA approval board, sometimes which includes Indians as
board members. Substantial grants and loans are available from the
Q. What is the cumulative income from Indian cattle-raising today?
Indian Financing Act of 1974. To qualify for grants with a max-
imum limit of $50,000, the family must derive most of its income
A. According to estimates of the National American Indian Cattle-
from cattle-raising.
men's Association (NAICA), about two million head of cattle over-
all are raised by Indians today on reservations, bringing in an annual
Q. Where do Indian cattle-raisers find herd expansion loans?
cumulative income of $200 million for Indian families. Cattle-
raising provides the single largest sector of income generated by Ind-
A. The Production Credit Assn., a lending institution in the private
ian people working for themselves.
sector, extends loans at set interest rates to developing cattlemen.
The BIA's revolving credit program, now experiencing a slowdown,
Q. Who are the main purchasers of Indian-raised beef?
has been a significant help to cattle folks in the past. And the new
Indian Financing Act of 1974 offers new avenues for loans. It pro-
A. Other ranchers buy calves from Indian cattle-raisers at periodic
vides money for the cattle business in the ratio of 60 percent loans
public auctions. Mature steers and cows are purchased by major
and 40 percent grants. The 40 percent grant monies, however,
regional slaughterhouses and meat processers, as well as by small
cannot he used to repay the loan portion under RIA regulations.
local meat merchandisers. At present, most reservations have no
And the Agriculture Dept. has an emergency lending program
coordinated methods for marketing Indian-raised cattle.
which extends 20-year loans with three percent annual interest
rates for presently operating cattle-raisers.
Q. Is there an on-reservation market for Indian cattle?
Q. What are major expenses in Indian cattle-raising?
A. Potentially a large one. Under the Buy Indian Act of 1910,
the BIA is required to purchase Indian products where those prod-
A. According to most Indian cattlemen, expenses-in order of
ucts are available. But at present the BIA is nowhere across Indian
cost-include grazing fees at about $27 a year per head, breeding
country an active purchaser of Indian beef-particularly for Indian
costs, veterinary treatment, interest on purchase loans, gas and
day schools, school lunch programs and emergency food assistance.
oil for vehicles, new vehicles when needed, wages, capital invest-
Some lawyers claim the Buy Indian Act also applies to the expans-
ments in vehicles, and supplemental feed for livestock, especially
ive Indian Health Service (IHS). And insiders in the field of Indian
in winter. One South Dakota Sioux cattle-raiser estimated his
cattle-raising say that at present tribes are not prime purchasers of
annual expenses at $6,820 in all the above areas last year, and set
Indian beef themselves. In the Southwest, however, some purchasers
his net yearly income at $7,350, leaving him an actual annual
contract in advance with cattle-raisers for a certain amount of cattle
income of only $630 in the clear.
per year at an agreed price-sometimes above and sometimes below
market price-for fall delivery.
Q. What are the advantages of Indian cattle-raising?
Q. How many reservation cattlegrower associations are there?
A. First, the land and the water are there. And there may be the
enjoyment of reduced or no grazing fees. Many Indian cattle folks
A. At present the overall number is undetermined. But most of the
take special pleasure in the fact they are self-employed, making a
reservations in the west and the Florida tribes have formed cattle-
living for their families close to the earth, independent of a host of
growers' associations. The areas of highest productivity in Indian
bosses. There is a sense of physical and spiritual achievement, most
cattle-raising are the Southwestern states of New Mexico, Arizona,
say. And today's Indian cattle-raisers are heirs to what has becom-
Colorado and Utah. The Northern Plains constitute the second
ing a century-old tradition in Indian country, reaching into the fifth
greatest area of production.
and sixth generations of Indian families.
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
11
Puyallups win land after seizure
TACOMA-The Puyallup Tribe
Said Ms. Bennett of that crit-
HEW, parent department of the
detention center.
negotlating team which left part
of western Washington has rec-
icism: "I have been to Washing-
Indian Health Service. The
of the facility to the tribe, and
land was then transferred to
eventual possession and control
eived six acres of land and the
ton, D.C. at least 15 to 20 times
the General Services Administ-
Interior Undersecretary R.
pending a final resolution of the
Cascadia Reception and Diagnos-
in the last five years. I have
tic Center here from the state
been to the state and met with
ration (GSA). GSA transfer-
Dennis Ickes headed the federal
dispute.
state senators-and all they
red it to the state of Washing-
of Washington via the federal
could do iwas look at me
ton which used it as a juvenile
government.
straight in the eyes and do noth-
This action resulted from the
ing. I have been to the Dept. of
SCHEDULED:
DON'S
BY DON KAUFFMAN
tribe's eight-day seizure of the
Social and Health Services sub-
center Oct. 23 to Oct. 30.
committees but they couldn't
do anything even though some
The land and structures be-
of them wanted to help."
Flu
CORNER
longed to the tribe but went out
of tribal hands due to an alleged
Puyallup Councilwoman Mai-
violation of trust responsibility
selle Bridges told the Journal the
by the Bureau of Indian Affairs
tribe desires to turn the facility
shots
(BIA), said tribal officials.
into a multi-tribal service hosp-
ital for tribes in Washington,
THE MINI HALFWAY HOUSE has undergone a substantial
Ramona Bennett, Puyallup
Oregon, Idaho and Montana. It
MISSION-Swine flu shots will
change. Walter Broncheau, the treatment coordinator, has been
Chairwoman, said: "This is the
would be Indian controlled, she
be available to all residents on
working with Halfway House Mgr. Ray Shippentower and Asst. Mgr.
first response we have had from
said, but would welcome non-
the Umatilla Reservation every
RoseMary Narcisse to develop an intensive 30-day treatment pro-
the federal government. We are
Indian doctors and staff under
Friday afternoon from Nov. 5
gram. This program began Nov. 1.
still looking at the total prop-
Indian administration.
through Nov. 26 at Yellowhawk
erty [more thn 20 acres] and
Clinic.
The purpose of this program is to rehabilitate people and re-edu-
to have our claim to it recog-
In 1939 the tribe deeded the
cate people with drinking problems into becoming more useful and
nized."
land-more than 20 acres-to
Hours for the swine flu inoc-
confident people. This will also have an impact on the community
the federal government for the
ulations will be from 1:00 p.m.
in which they live, as they will contribute more positively to the
U.S. District Judge Morrell
construction of Cushman Ind-
to 3:00 p.m. on Nov. 5, Nov. 12,
community.
Sharp, who issued an eviction
ian Hospital on their lands.
Nov. 19 and Nov. 29.
THE PROPOSED TREATMENT PROGRAM has been divided
court order which was finally
not utilized, publicly criticized
The hospital closed in 1959
A special clinic for senior cit-
into four separate components. Although a singular theme of
the takeover tribal action.
and was declared "surplus" by
izens will be held at the Senior
assisting the clients to conquer their disease runs through the entire
Citizens Center in Mission on
process.
Nov. 3 from 1:00 p.m. to
CLINIC SCHEDULE
3:00 p.m.
The first week will consist of orienting the clients to the goals
and the operations of the Halfway House. The health of the resid-
An earlier schedule announced
ents will also be stressed during this phase to enable them to better
by Yellowhawk Clinic (and pub-
absorb and participate in the remaining stages.
lished in the Journal) was chang-
HOURS: 9:00 a.m. 11:30 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. 3:00 p.m. Mondays, Wed-
ed because of delays in availabil-
Walter Broncheau will be conducting self-awareness classes during
nesdays, Thursdays, Fridays. NO CLINIC TUESDAY ALL DAY
ity and distribution of vaccine.
the second week. These will entail building a positive self-image,
SPECIALTY CLINICS
thinking positively, goal setting and handling temporary setbacks,
Flue shots are available free of
and learning how to love and be loved.
WELL-CHILD:
2nd & 4th Wednesdays of each month
charge to all residents of the
9:00 a.m. 11:30 a.m.
Umatilla Reservation, Indian and
12:30 p.m. 3:30 p.m. BY APPOINTMENT ONLY
THE THIRD WEEK will consist of guest speakers. They will
non-Indian, at Yellowhawk Clin-
include a drug specialist, physician, mental health personnel, Ind-
DERMATOLOGY:
1st Thursday of each month
ic.
ian Health Service personnel, and persons from the Umatilla County
8:00 a.m. 12:00 noon
NO APPOINTMENT NECESSARY
Sheriff's Office and Oregon State Police.
The Indian Health Service
DATA BASE
History & Lab every Wednesday
(IHS), however, announced in
And because many of the residents have forgotten or neglected
9:00 a.m. 11:30 a.m.
the first week of November it
the everyday living patterns we take for granted, we will have speak-
12:30 p.m. 3:30 p.m.
BY APPOINTMENT ONLY
would not be able to pay fees
ers discuss basic issues. For example, a person from the bank will
for those receiving vaccines from
talk about banking procedures and savings. A car salesman will give
PHYSICAL:
Every Thursday
their private physicians, or from
a presentation on what to look for when purchasing a car. People
9:00 a.m. 11:30 a.m.
the Umatilla County Health
from the welfare department will give information on eligibility
12:30 p.m. 3:30 p.m.
BY APPOINTMENT ONLY
Dept.
requirements and procedures on applying for welfare assistance.
Recreational activities will also be included during this portion of
EXPLANATION
Every Thursday
During the November inoculat-
the treatment program.
& FOLLOW-UP
9:00 a.m. 11:30 a.m.
ion period, Yellowhawk Clinic
12:30 p.m. 3:30 p.m.
announced that shots would not
BY APPOINTMENT ONLY
THE FINAL WEEK will include a review of the past three weeks.
be given to persons under 18
Also, an evaluation of each of the residents at the Halfway House
EARS, NOSE,
Quarterly; to be announced; by appointment
years of age, unless those young
will take place to determine if further treatment is necessary. If
THROAT
only; must be seen in regular clinic first for
persons had a "history of chron-
further treatment is not indicated, we will seek employment or
referral
ic disease."
training for the client. If more treatment is needed, the client will
PRENATAL:
1st & 3rd Wednesday of each month
undergo a screening process to determine if another 30 days would
9:00 a.m. 11:30 a.m.
For further information call
be beneficial to him or her.
12:30 p.m. 3:30 p.m.
Yellowhawk Clinic, Mission, at
BY APPOINTMENT ONLY
276-3811, Ext. 270.
If not, we will refer this individual to another appropriate program.
Please feel free to visit the Mini Halfway House near Mission Cross-
roads and observe the program firsthand.
Belindo new NIHB head
DENVER-John
V.
Belindo,
Kiowa-
ion show "First Americans," a series of
Navajo, is the new executive director of
biweekly public affairs TV shows of inter-
the National Indian Health Board (NIHB)
est to Indians in New Mexico, Arizona
headquartered here.
and Colorado.
NIHB Chairman Howard E. Tommie, a
Belindo is a member of the Oklahoma
Florida Seminole, said on Belindo's ap-
Kiowa Black Leggings Warrior Society
pointment that Belindo has had respon-
which is working to preserve Kiowa
sibility in administering projects on a
culture. He is also a member of the
national basis.
Kiowa Gourd Clan.
NIHB is a non-profit Indian health org-
anization founded in December of 1972,
He has acted in various capacities for
DELAMARTER CARE CENTER
and is the only national organization
Indian tribes and councils. He was a
representing and uniting Indian health
project consultant to the National Coun-
"THE BEST IN NURSING HOME CARE"
boards country-wide. Its purpose is to be
cil on Indian Opportunity (NCIO) on
an advocate for tribal groups, health
"Project Outreach" for the Vice Pres-
LICENSED NURSES ON DUTY AT ALL TIMES
boards and health organizations, and to
ident.
Respiratory Therapy
State Licensed
"Emphysema Patients Attention"
provide both information and assistance
Stroke Patient Rehabilitation
Medicade Approved
Our Hospital Is Especially
EquippedThrou With Air
to tribes and health organizations.
He has also served as a member of the
Physical Therapy
Electric Heat
Purification for Your Comfort in
Indian Rights Committee of the Ameri-
Breathing
Out Patient Hydrotherapy
Belindo is no newcomer to Indian af-
can Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), board
Air Conditioning
Our Program Specializes
fairs. In the 1960s he served as execut-
member of the Albuquerque Urban Ind-
IPPB Treatments
Color TV
In Rehabilitation
ive director of the National Congress of
ian Center, and consultant with the In-
Special Diets
MEMBER
American Indians (NCAI), where he emp-
stitute for the Development of Indian
Moderate Rates
Oregon Health Care Assa.
hasized economic and industrial develop-
Law (IDIL) in the capital in the areas of
American Health Care Assa.
ment on reservations.
treaty rights, sovereignty, jurisdiction,
OWNED BY:
Equal Opportunity Employer
MR. $ MRS. GUY DELAMARTER
resource management and improvement
OPERATED BY,
He is past national director of the Native
of the federal system.
Activities Suited For The Individual Patient
MR. $ MRS. HAROLD DELAMARTER
American Legal Defense and Education
Fund (NALDEF) active in Washington,
NIHB is located at Brroks Towers Bldg.,
276-7157
D.C., Oklahoma City and Albuquerque.
Rm. 4-E, 1020 15th St., Denver 80202.
Mission Hy.
In New Mexico he co-hosted the televis- Telephone number is (303) 534-5482.
114 Miles Prom City Center
12
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL
P.O. Box 638
COMMENT
Pendleton, OR 97801
(503) 276-8221
Editor
Richard La Course
Asst. Editor
Deanna Hansell
Inside new Congress
Reporter
John Barkley
THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMITTEES
crat. He has worked there scheduling hearings and
Artist-Researcher
Calvin Shillal
is putting the final touches on a plan to reorganize
witnesses, conducting investigations, requesting
the Senate committee system and reduce overall
key legal information, and preparing drafts of leg-
"Only an informed people has its future in its own hands."
committees from 31 to 14. Directly affected will
islation which have now become public laws. Ella
be the present Senate Interior and Insular Affairs
Mae Horse, Cherokee and Senate Interior staff
CAYUSE
WALLA WALLA
UMATILLA
Committee and the Senate Indian Affairs Sub-
assistant, has also departed after three years of
committee, where almost all Indian legislation gets
intensely active work on the Senate side.
its start in life on the Senate side.
Relatively new staff faces on the Senate side are
Chairman of the Senate Committee. on Com-
R.D. Folsom with the Senate Interior Committee
Important constitutional changes
mittees is Sen. Adlai Stevenson, Illinois Demo-
and Atty. Anthony Strong an Alaskan Tlingit
crat. It has a dozen members, including Oregon
who has joined the slaff of Sen. James Abourezk,
Republican Sen. Bob Packwood.
D-S.D., Indian affairs subcommittee chairman.
THE NOVEMBER 25 TRIBAL ELECTIONS are an important
event in the ongoing life and history of the tribe. Choosing respons-
WITH THIS DRASTIC REDUCTION in the Sen-
ON THE HOUSE SIDE, Rep. James Haley. D-
ible leaders from the men and women of the reservation is one of
ate committee system, most Indians are critically
Fla. retired at the close of the 94th Congress. He
the most important obligations of the tribal citizen. These leaders
concerned just where responsibilities for Indian
served as Chairman of the House Interior Commit-
set the direction for the tribe for significant periods of time.
legislation will be placed. They are also highly
tee. Rep. Lloyd Meeds, D-Wash., has announced
concerned over membership on the committees.
his intentions to depart the chairmanship of the
On the ballot this year is also a highly significant and momentous
House Indian Affairs Subcommittee. (As we go
referendum on amending the Tribal Constitution and By-Laws
The National Congress of American Indians
to press his reelection in his home district is neck-
which have governed the tribe unchanged since December 7, 1949.
(NCAI) in its 33rd annual convention in Salt Lake
and neck.)
In 27 years the times, the pressures on the tribe, the political rel-
City in late October passed a resolution requesting
ationships of the tribe have changed. Courts have acted in realistic
the Senate to establish a fifteenth Committee on
Franklin Ducheneaux, a Cheyenne River Sioux
and potent decisions upholding tribal rights anchored in the 1855
Indian Affairs.
and legal counsel to the House Indian Affairs Com-
Treaty of Walla Walla-but those rights suffer repeated and contin-
mittee under Meeds, will resign his House position
uing challenges. The key and fundamental concept behind the
IN SALT LAKE, congressional legal specialists
in June. Lawyer Ducheneaux is the only Indian
proposed constitutional change in the Nov. 26 voting is whether
told the 2,000-member NCAI assembly that most
legal staffer to work on the House side on this
tribal members wish to strengthen the Constition-and your tribe-
Indian legislation would be referred most likely
committee in its entire history. He has worked
by clarifying the full extent of tribal jurisdiction.
either to the proposed Committee on Natural
in this position since 1972. Taking the reins from
Resources-because Indians are owners of massive
Ducheneaux will be House minority counsel Mich-
IT IS AN IMPORTANT amendment and requires your close
land areas and mineral resources across the nat-
ael Jackson.
attention and evaluation. When the Umatilla Jurisdiction Restorat-
ion-or to the proposed Committee on Human
ion Bill in introduced into the House and Senate next spring, how
Resources when bills have a social, educational
NEXT SPRING a series of legislative recommend-
you vote Nov. 26 will affect how strongly Congress can move.
or economic dimension to them.
ations will go to Congress from the American Ind-
It is of utmost importance that the clear tribal will be voiced loudly
ian Policy Review Commission. A national juris-
and strongly in this election. It is wise to anticipate problems before
However it all works out, it's going to be a whole
diction return bill for all tribes will probably be
they happen, and to remedy any shortcomings which can minimize
new ballgame for Indians in the Congress in 1977.
introduced by NCAL A bill authorizing land con-
problems when they occur. The jurisdiction referendum you face
solidation for tribes, two bills seeking the creation
Nov. 26 may be one of the most important votes you cast in the
PERSONALITIES AND STAFF, too, are under-
of a Northwest Indian Fish Study Commission to
whole of the 1970s. Consider it well.
going changes, both in the Senate and in the House
resolve Indian fishing controversies in the North
of Representatives.
west, and others providing restoration for a num-
And in what spirit should we vote? Election Committee Chair-
ber of terminated tribes (including the Oregon
man Viola P. Wocatsie puts it this way: "We as American Indians
Forrest J. Gerard, a Montana Blackfeet and high-
Siletz) will be before Congress. But the new Sen-
today more than ever before are in the public limelight due to the
ly respected professional staff member to the Sen-
ate committee structure, committee members and
vast amount of legislation affecting American Indians. For this
ate Interior Committee, resigned Nov. 1 as a key
new staff workers in Congress will determine just
reason let us all, without ill feeling and with good will, give our
aide to Sen. Henry M. Jackson, Washington Demo-
how far any of that will go.
wholehearted support to the candidates of our choice on Nov. 26.
Some reservation people fight among themselves and nothing is
accomplished. I've heard this from the many meetings where
many tribes are represented. Let the results of this election bring us
Tribal leasing dilemma
continued unity."
The coming 'chill'
BY RONALD POND
THE LESSONS OF NCAI concerning the building backlash against
SINCE I HAVE INHERITED my parents' land
Before I go any farther, I am no authority on the
time-honored tribal rights and the coming chill in pressures on cong-
holdings on this reservation, the leasing program
wheat market. I am only trying to convey the
ressmen by "Redneck organizations" are frightening and serious
on the reservation has always confused me. I share
situation from our level, as typical landowners.
warnings. At NCAL, congressional staffers and attorneys declared
interests in lands with other members of my fam-
The information I have used as an example comes
that it isi possible that even pressures to repeal-not dilute but do
ily. Anywhere from three to 20 heirs may share
from an actual leasing agreement I have on record.
away with-treaties may well occur next year. Few things get more
lands across the reservation.
serious or troubling.
THE TOTAL CROP FIGURE for 200 acres for
Most of our lands are leased to white renters for
1975 is only an estimate. My crop share was
Some people fear that we may be returning to a political season as
farming and grazing. For nine years, to date, I
$1,350. The total 1975 crop share on the one-
troubled nationally as the 1950s. What is different today, however,
still do not know the exact locations of the lands
third plan for seven heirs was $8,100. The renter
is the presence of large numbers of Indian attorneys, of highly gifted
in which I share an interest. This is why we land-
gets the other two-thirds, which is $16,200. In
and trained tribal leaders true to real concept of tribal life and rights,
owners do not have any bargaining power-because
some cases the renter puts the wheat in storage
of Indian professionals in many fields able to measure what is hap-
we do not know what is going on, and we let the
and waits for the wheat price to rise.
pening. What matters is genuine Indian commitment. And the torch
same leasing programs continue on the same way
of the protection of Indian rights and interests is being passed to a
they have for the past 25 years.
A crop report is turned into the agency, but that
new generation.
doesn't mean necessarily that the renter has sold
ON A FEW OCCASIONS a renter will come to
the wheat. He may sell just enough to cover the
my house and have me sign a lease. Often, other
one-third guarantee in the crop report to pay off
lease agreements come through the mail. Usually,
the landowners-and wait to sell the rest of the
the renters need only two-thirds of the signatures
wheat. After another year in fallow, and another
of the heirs to permit them to carry on their farm-
year in grain crop, the same process would con-
ing or ranching operations. So there are times I
tinue.
SUBSCRIBE TODAY
don't have to sign anything.
AND THE COMBINED TOTAL of two crop
Who owns the land? Sometimes, when I sign
years could be estimated somewhere in the neigh-
Enclosed in my check or money order for one year
a lease, it seems that the renter becomes the land-
borhood of $48,600. Of that I may receive
of the CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL
lord, and I the tenant. We do not profit from our
$2,700.
$3.50 per year
own lands. The renter does. The renter will con-
tinue to profit unless we do something to make
Of course the farmer has expenses like fertiliz-
Please send to:
our lands productive for ourselves.
er, weed control, tillage operations and other
costs. Nevertheless, they make a healthy profit.
NAME
FOR EXAMPLE, let's look at the one-third crop
A highly important factor is that all Indian lands
STREET
share phenomenon. Let's say renter John Doe
allotted in trust are tax-exempt-meaning that
CITY
STATE
ZIP
owns Allotment U-20 with 40 acres. He owns a
white farmers do not have to pay tax on Indian
second, Allotment U-22, with 160 acres, and
property they rent and farm. It's all profit.
Mail to: CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL
leases that for four years, along with the first
allotment. That's a total of 200 acres, shared by
HOW DO WE do away with the one-third crop
P.O. Box 638, Pendleton, OR 97801
seven heirs. One year the crop plan calls for the
share phenomenon? This land is the land of our
land to be fallow, the next in grain, the next
ancestors. And if we don't use the land to benefit
fallow and the last in grain. Let's say it's all
ourselves and our children, then someone else will
Class 2 wheatland-good land suitable for cultiv-
profit from the land which was set aside in per-
ation. Is all this an improvement?
petuity for our welfare.
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
13
FIRE DISTRICT PLANNING
SOUNDING OFF
Journal:
The October edition of the Journal con-
tained an article by John Barklet describ-
ing the activities and planning regarding
the organization of the community fire
protection district.
U OF o CORRESPONDENT
INDIAN PRESS & TV
My department is currently engaged in a
similar effort and I was able to relate to
Journal:
in the nation. Others are broadcast in
the problems and situations described in
Journal:
After reading the "Sounding Off" col-
Arizona and New Mexico, Utah, Oregon,
the article.
Hope this finds all of you well and busy.
umn of the Journal which came across
Oklahoma, North Dakota and Minnesota]
U of 0 is not much changed since last
my desk today, I saw letters from a cross-
Due to the similarities of the situations
year, but the Native American Student
section of Indian people across the Unit-
on the Umatilla and Hoopa Reservations,
Union is changing. We're going to have a
few social events just so we can congreg-
ed States. Congratulations on the quality
I would like to contact Mr. Barkley and
ate, and then hopefully get together on a
of work you are doing for Indian people
perhaps exchange some ideas regarding
few big events. Will let you know if any-
in the Pacific Northwest.
Journal:
the organization of a fire protection dist-
We have received word that you have
rict on a reservation. I believe the least
thing big is brewing down this way.
Bobbie Conner
The "First Americans" television show
started the Confederated Umatilla Journ-
we can offer each other is a shoulder to
University of Oregon
is still being aired by KOAT-TV in Albu-
al in Oregon. We are sending a copy of
cry on. T am sure, however, that some
Eugene
querque: Glenn Paquin is now the mod-
the "Indian Voice" newspaper. We
helpful information could be exchanged.
erator and producer of the show. WETA-
would like very much to begin an ex-
Can you assist me in establishing contact
TV [of Washington, D.C.] has a proposal
change of papers.
with Mr. Barkley?
for the "Way of the Pipe" series under
Ray L. Matilton Jr.
THE BORGSTROM MEMO
consideration for funding by the Corp-
We feel it is time that we work togeth-
Planning Director
oration for Public Broadcasting. Hope-
er instead of working against each other.
Hoopa Valley Business Council
fully CPB will act soon, and if so WETA
We are now working with the Yakima
Hoopa, Calif.
Journal:
will begin production of the pilot film
Nation Review in exchange of papers.
Would it be possible to receive a copy of
for the proposed PBS series.
We hope that we might also be able to
[EDITOR'S NOTE: In late October
"The Borgstrom Memo" in the July issue
John Belindo
work with you and look to helping
John Barkley joined the staff of the
of the Journal?
Executive Director
each other out from time to time. Good
Journal. The Umatilla Tribal Develop-
Dawn Hollis
National Indian Health Board
luck to the tribe on its newspaper.
ment Office at Mission, Ore., is contin-
Community Services Director
Brooks Towers Bldg. Rm. 4-E
Gracie A. Coe
uing plans for the proposed reservation
Candelaria American Indian Council
1020 15th St.
Advertising Mgr.
fire district. Write Tribal Development
2739 Buckaroo Ave.
Denver, Colo.
Indian Voice
Office, Confederated Tribes, P.O. Box
Oxnard, Cal.
Small Tribes of Western Wash.
638, Pendleton, OR 97801, or contact
[EDITOR'S NOTE: Belindo was orig-
P.O. Box 578
Thomas Hampson by telephone at
[EDITOR'S NOTE: It's been sent.]
inator of one of the few Indian TV shows
Sumner, Wash.
(503) 276-3165.]
TEXT: October Tribal-BPA fishery pact
vested in the Secretary of the Interior with regard to
G. Within the confines of this Memorandum of Under-
PREAMBLE
Indian tribes. Additionally, BPA has indicated its
standing, to share equally in the decision-making pro-
responsiveness to a recent joint proposal by the Gov-
cess, but to give the Tribes direct programmatic respon-
ernors of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho that BPA ex-
sibility, thereby minimizing the need for BPA to en-
pand its participation in a regional program of fishery
large its staff.
ONE OF THE MOST PRICELESS ASSETS and precious nat-
ural resources of the Pacific Northwest is the anadromous fishery
mitigation through whatever regional entity may be
of the Columbia River and its tributaries. The gradual depletion
designated by the three Governors acting in their joint
RESPONSIBILITIES
of this great resource is of grave concern to a groad range of
capacity as members of the Pacific Northwest Regional
Northwest interests, be they social, cultural, economic, environ-
Commission.
In carrying out this joint program and any projects
mental, recreational or governmental. The preservation and
restoration of the fishery has long been a common goal of dedic-
thereunder, the Tribes will be responsible for:
ated, albeit fragmented, efforts on the part of numerous agen-
Other parties share with the Tribes and BPA a com-
cies, organizations and individuals.
monality of concern for and dedication to the restorat-
A. Assessing their own and other technical resources
ion of the fishery. These include the Pacific Northwest
The parties to this Memorandum of Understanding are com-
and, if advisable, obtaining additional professional ad-
Regional Commission, other federal, state, and local gov-
mitted to the premise that decisive action under shared leader-
vice and assistance.
ship is essential if further deterioration of the fishery is to be
ernment agencies, other Indian tribes, sports and wild-
forestalled. They are equally committed to the concept of
life associations, river and marine commercial fisheries,
B. Consulting with all parties involved in propagat-
solving a regional problem on a coordinated regional basis.
environmental, business and labor organizations, and
ion, management, and harvesting of the Columbia River
many thousands of concerned individuals.
The signatories to this Memorandum of Understanding repres-
anadromous fishery;
ent the following parties: the Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho, the
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation, the Confed-
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
C. Identifying specific projects and, with BPA con-
erated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon, the
currence, implementing such projects in a coordinated
Confederated Tribes of the Yakima Indian Reservation of Wash-
The purpose of this Memorandum of Understanding is
ington (hereinafter collectively referred to as "the Tribes")
regional context;
and Bonneville Power Administration (hereinafter referred to
to forge a partnership among the Tribes and BPA for
as "BPA").
undertaking a pilot program aimed at helping to restore
D. Providing approximately 20 percent contribution
the Columbia River anadromous fishery. We intend to
for a first-year pilot program.
conduct this program on a biologically sound and fiscal-
ly responsible basis, in coordination with all other fish-
BPA will be responsible for:
ery interests for the betterment of the region as a whole.
This Memorandum of Understanding shall be carried
A. Supervising, in concert with the Tribes, the select-
COMMONALITY OF INTEREST
out in a manner compatible with any subsequent co-
ion, implementation and assessment of specific projects
ordination agreement which may be executed with the
with a regional application and regional concurrence;
The Tribes and BPA each have compelling reasons for
Pacific Northwest Regional Commission or whatever
jointly participating with each other and with other int-
entity(ies) its members may designate.
B. Exerting its best efforts to improve the fishery, with-
erests in a regional program to assure protection and
out involving itself in the regulation or user apportion-
enhancement of the fishery, and for entering into this
ment of the resource;
Memorandum of Understanding.
OBJECTIVES
C. Clarifying BPA's present administrative authority to
The Tribes have a deep-rooted cultural and economic
concern for the well-being of the resource. Their status
The objectives of this joint program are:
participate directly in the funding of such a fishery mit-
igation program. If such capability is lacking, BPA will
as recognized jurisdictions of government is reinforced
by judicial decisions which recognize their salient inter-
A. To assure that programs approved complement and
use its best efforts to obtain legislative funding
ests with regard to the equitable sharing of the resource.
strengthen those carried out under the authority of the
authority;
Federal court decisions have specifically established that
Pacific Northwest Regional Commission and other re-
the Tribes have treaty rights to an equitable share of the
source agencies;
D. Subject to obtaining such authority, providing not
less than 80 percent funding of a first-year pilot pro-
Columbia Basin fishery resource and to restraints on
fluctuations in river levels which would interfere with
B. To develop funding procedures that can support a
gram.
their harvest of the resource.
flexible ongoing program;
JOINT COMMITMENT
BPA recognizes that operation of the Federal Columbia
C. To assist the Tribes in the development of their
fishery technical capability and to assure their equitable
The parties to this Memorandum of Understanding
River Power System may be subject to restraints on
peaking and rates of flow for the protection of the fish-
participation in regional fishery planning and decision-
jointly commit their good faith and best efforts to seek-
making;
ing the restoration of the anadromous fishery of the Col-
ery resource, even though such restraints may reduce
umbia River and its tributaries. We welcome the advice,
power generation. Any fishery improvement programs
D. To strengthen BPA involvement in fishery mitig-
assistance, and cooperation of all interested parties in
which would permit greater FCRPS power production
would directly benefit the users of BPA power.
ation commensurate with its present and future level
pursuing this goal on a coordinated regional basis.
of financial obligation to these activities;
This Memorandum of Understanding is hereby execut-
BPA is the designated recipient of most revenues gen-
E. To identify initially a specific pilot project or pro-
ed in five duplicate original copies on this 13th day of
erated by the FCRPS, which includes an investment of
some $300 million in fishery mitigation programs and
jects which promise measurable results in the near term
October, 1976.
facilities. Currently some $19.5 million annually of
(2-4 years) and which have regional application;
[Signing this historic document Oct. 13 at the Ka-Nee-Ta
FCRPS revenues is allocated by BPA to the maintenan-
Resort near Warm Springs, Ore., were: Umatilla Board Chairman
F. To consult and coordinate with other resource and
Leslie Minthorn; Warm Springs Council Chairman Zane Jackson;
ce, amortization, and interest on this investment. As a
user entities in identifying and implementing projects,
Yakima Council Chairman Watson Totus; Nez Perce Executive
bureau of the U.S. Department of the Interior, BPA
Committee Chairman Richard Halfmoon; and BPA Administrat-
recognizes the special trust and treaty responsibilities
and in assessing their results;
or Don Hodel. See picture, Page 2.]
14
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
names
&
faces
BEAUTIFUL PEOPLE
CHEMAWA FIRE: Flames destroyed
A & D STAFFER: Patricia Lobato, 21,
Mitchell Hall in early morning Oct. 25
of Ontario was selected Nov. 9 as secret-
but no one-students or staff-was injur-
ary of the Alcohol and Drug Program in
ed during the Chemawa Indian School
Mission. Of Apache-Cherokee and Span-
blaze. Our students attending this year
ish-American descent, she will assume
are Melvin Aviles, Margaret Buck, James
her new job in mid-November.
Dave, Joseph Johnson, Pam Sheoships,
Steve and Brad Filkins and Florence
Holskey.
THEM CHANGES: Many faces-some fam-
GOOD NEWS: Our good friend Ike Pat-
iliar, some new-are busy working in many
offices for tribal folks. Let's take a look:
rick was hospitalized for a stretch of time
in Pendleton but is now home again and
[BIA]: Ernestine Conner is a clerk in real
visiting the sweathouse in company of
friends.
October senior citizens'
property management and Edith Cody is
birthdays honored by the Golden Age
clerk at the agency's front desk. Ms. Doro-
Council were those of Margaret Wahsise,
thy Wood, whose last duty station was in
Lawrence Parr, Theda Abbott and Louise
Albuquerque, N.M., arrived here recently
Moore. Coming up in the November trib-
to start as a social worker following the
ute: Ted Stickler, Russell Carden and
retirement of "Doc" Holliday.
Esther Lewis.
[IHS]: You can see Stephanie Burke at
TRIBAL TRAVELLERS: Board Chair-
the front desk at Yellowhawk Clinic where
man Leslie Minthorn together with Board
she is a clerk typist. If you've got teeth
Members Sam Kash Kash and William
problems you'll probably see Beverly Tut-
Minthorn and General Council Officers
tle, an Oglala Sioux and dental assistant.
RoseMary Narcisse and Eliza Bill were
Checking on your own medical history,
official delegates to NCAI in Salt Lake
you'll meet Betty Emerson, Colville, med-
Oct. 18-22. JOM Committee Chair-
ical records librarian. Mark Alexander
man Emma Farrow also was there at-
keeps the supplies and distances problem
tending the special education concerns
solvable.
sessions. Douglas Minthorn and Mich-
ael Farrow were also in Salt Lake Nov.
[TRIBAL OFFICE]: Marjorie Nelson has
3-6 to attend the National American Ind-
transferred from mental health to the tribal
ian Cattlemen's Assn. convention. TDO
office as executive secretary. And Irene
Director Tom Hampson served on the ad
Melendrez is busy weighing facts and fig-
hoc planning committee with BPA and
ures in the accounting office. Alongside
state fisheries officers following the
Irene now are Gladys Sentre and Tina
Oct. 13 first signing of agreement. Ken-
Hamm who are part-time accounting clerks.
neth Bill and Kathryn Brigham, Fish
Committee members, have succeeded
[NASH OFFICE]: Jeannette Brandt re-
Tom in that role. Manpower officers
cently replaced Lillian "Sis" Moses, the
Dale Magers and Debbie Whiteley, with
artist, as legal secretary to Tribal Atty.
Chairman Leslie Minthorn participated in
Douglas Nash. "Sis" is expanding her
a National Indian Action Team confer-
artistic talents mightily by becoming a
student this fall at the prestigious Inst-
ence in Reno Nov. 8-10 with organization
itute of American Indian Arts in Santa
sessions and workshops. Education
Fe, N.M.
Director Woesha Hampson travelled to
WILLIAM AND VIVIAN MINTHORN caught the eye of everybody in Salt Lake during the
Portland Nov. 12 to examine Day Care
[ABE CENTER]: Carol Kirksey is set to
NCAI powwow the night of Oct. 20. William's headdress is the traditional buffalo horns em-
Centers. Tribal delegates will be tak-
become coordinator of the Adult Basic
bedded in ermine strips with a trailer of eagle honor feathers. He also wore a ceremontal loop
ing part in the ATNI Portland meeting
necklace, geaded gauntlets, beaded belt, legging, breachcloth and moccasins. Vivian's extraordin-
Education Center on the agency campus,
at the Cosmopolitan Dec. 6-8.
ary dress was made of two doeskins with contemporary beaded design with matching cuffs,
and Mary Wolfgram will most likely be-
moccasins and leggings. In her hands are a vintage bag and eagle fan. In Salt Lake they brought
come the new ABE instructor. Also con-
recognition to the Confederated Tribes.-(Photo courtesy Yakima Nation Review, Toppenish.)
BACK HOME: Returning from Burns
were Alvina and Rex Huesties and child-
tinuing as instructor should be Cindy Hild-
ren B.J., Raymond ("Moon") and four-
en.
month-old Esther Lynn. Rex was tribal
TRIBAL REC: A coordinator for tribal
police officer for the Paiute Tribe. They
OREGON
recreation and athletic programs is want-
are "home for good now." Rex is seek-
CONCRETE
ed with "mature leadership qualities."
CAMERA
ing a law enforcement position in this
We need you. Contact Business Manager
area. Alvina has assumed school coun-
SEPTIC TANKS
AND
at Tribal Office, 276-3165.
STEREO
selor responsibilities.
EASTERN OREGON'S FULL SERVICE CENTER
"WHERE THERE'S ALWAYS SOMETHING 6000 DEVELOPING
CAMERAS
..AND FULL LINE OF ACCESSORIES
home
featuring:
CAMERAS, STEREOS, TV's &
CB RADIOS
groans
READY MIX CONCRETE
SAND & GRAVEL
-CANON
-FISHER
-SANKYO
-NIKKO
-ZENITH
-PACE
PRE-CAST ITEMS:
-SYLVANIA
-KRIS
ONE TRIBAL MEMBER has told his
SEPTIC TANKS
children that when he was young, "I was
STEPPING STONES
so poor I had to make my obscene calls
BANKAMERICARDS ACCEPTED
AND MUCH MORE
collect!"
IN UTAH-the Mormon non-drinking
SERVICE FOR EVERY
RAMONA BENNETT, Puyallup Tribal
state-many whites were observed by
NCAI in cocktail lounges and taverns.
PRODUCT WE SELL
Chairwoman, finds it hard to deal with
TERMS AVAILABLE
Washington state officials. Says she:
They were soon nicknamed "Jack and
"One important principle for Indians
Jacqueline Mormons."
MON-SAT 9 A.M. 6 P.M.
in relation to states is knowing what to
276-7151
PRESIDENTIAL VOTE: Just before
276-3304
kiss, when, and how long!"
this Nov. 2 many Indians on Puget
CENTRAL CEMENT
Sound were seen carrying signs saying
333 S. MAIN
DOUGLAS NASH, tribal atty., likes
the Polish version of CB "Ten-Four"
"Judge Boldt for President!" The Sup-
PRODUCTS INC.
reme Court has just upheld his historic
SERVICE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
talk. He goes around saying "Five-
MISSION HY.
Five-Two-Two."
fishing decision.
MAILING ADDRESS: P.O. BOX 726,
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
15
tribal employment center
ST. ANDREW'S TRIBAL EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT CENTER
WHERE TALENTS, SKILLS AND JOBS JOIN HANDS
mission
ERRORS PEOPLE MAKE
SOMEONE HAS TO BE TURNED DOWN if several people apply for the same
job. The reasons an applicant is not hired may vary greatly. If you are having
difficulty getting a job, there must be good reasons for your lack of success.
below you will find listed a number of reasons why applicants do not get jobs.
Review them carefully. See if any of the reasons could apply to you. If they
do, you can make an effort to correct them.
Applicant's personal appearance is not suitable for the work being applied for.
Applicant does not have enough training or experience for the job.
JOB
Applicant does not have a businesslike attitude or behavior in the interview.
Applicant fails to show up or comes late for the interview.
Applicant has an unfriendly or hostile manner.
Applicant does not make a passing score on the vocational test.
Applicant asks too many questions about employee benefits instead of about
the job itself.
Applicant asks for more pay than he or she is worth.
TIPS
Applicant takes another person with him or her to the interview.
Female applicants do not have child care plans for their children.
SOMETIMES JOB LOOKING can be very discouraging. Of course, it is dis-
appointing to be very hopeful that you will get a job and then be turned down.
If you experience difficulties, don't simply give up. Re-evaluate yourself as a
potential employee. Are you really putting out all your effort to show the per-
son you are interviewed by that you want to work? Are you practicing all the
suggestions you read about interviewing, personal appearance, and finding a
job opening? You can usually find the source of your own problem. When
you've found it, act quickly to improve yourself. Here are a few tips.
DURING
DEVELOPING
ADJUSTING
THE
POSITIVE
TO A
INTERVIEW
ATTITUDES
NEW JOB
Create a good Impression by assuming a natural
ONCE YOU ARE HIRED for the job, the real challenge
A NEW EMPLOYEE is likely to be a little nervous during
position when seated. Try not to be nervous. Do not
is just around the corner. You must actively develop
the first few days on the job. Most employers expect this.
chew gum or smoke.
positive work attitudes. In order to gain a workable attit-
However, you can make your first days on the job easier.
ude toward your responsibilities you need to:
Here are some basic suggestions:
Be businesslike and brief. Let the employer take the
lead in conversation. Answer his questions quickly,
Know clearly what your responsibilities are.
Go to work a few minutes ahead of time. Report early
frankly and honestly.
to your supervisor.
Learn the skills needed to take and follow directions.
Pick up clues given you by the employer's questions of
Listen to instructions carefully. Ask questions If you
statements and use them to convince him that you fit
Understand the relationship of your work role to the
don't understand what is expected of you. It is often
his requirements.
total work environment. Know how you fit Into things
helpful to take notes on things you need to remember.
and why your particular job is Important.
Stress your qualifications and reasons why you are int-
Be friendly to fellow employees-but don't waste time
erested in working for the firm. (It is good idea to find
Be able to Identify possible trouble spots, such as why
by visiting on the job.
out everything you can about the firm before your Inter-
many workers lose their jobs. Human relations are a
view.)
most important part of nearly all jobs. Good human
Don't be too familiar with department heads. If you are
relations can be developed with time and practice and
overly familiar, your actions may be misunderstood by
It is better to ask for a specific type of job, rather than
thought. Here are some hirits:
other fellow employees.
say "I'll take any job that's open."
WITH THE CO-WORKER:
Try not to be over-anxious. Do your best, keep calm.
Avoid mention of your personal, domestic or financial
Treat and know people as individuals. Recognize that
problems. Discuss only matters related to the job, and
people's moods are unpredictable. Don't pass the buck.
Report your mistakes to your immediate supervisor.
don't criticize others during the interview; whether form-
Be loyal to co-workers. Seek promotion through your own
Learn from your mistakes so that you will not make
er employers or associates.
merit. Build group morale. Understand what others are
them a second time. Remember, too, that we ALL make
feeling and saying.
mistakes-especially at first.
Have a definite understanding as to what is to be requir-
ed of you before you are hired. This will avoid disap-
WITH THE EMPLOYER:
Learn the company rules and regulations. Do your job
pointment for you and for your employer.
Be sold on the aims, purposes and outcomes that your
the way your supervisor wants it done. He usually has
employer has in mind. Be loyal to your employer. Accept
good reasons based on experience for doing things a par-
Expect to start at the bottom if you are just out of
constructive criticism. Contribute new ideas for the benefit
ticular way. Later on your supervisor, hopefully, will
school. Most employers had to start there too.
of all. Assume and carry out your assigned responsibilities.
listen to any suggestions you may have.
Recognize your employer as a human being, subject to
If you fall to sell yourself the first time, try again. Im-
varying needs and pressures. Accept company or project
Think for yourself. Take a real Interest in your work.
prove your presentation each time and above all don't be
policies and procedures. Foster good feelings toward one
discouraged.
another rather than hostility.
Clean up after your work. Keep your work area neat.
Be your most agreeable self during the interview.
GOOD HUMAN RELATIONS:
REMEMBER: Things will get easier and better once you
Good human relations are of real benefit in the world
get used to the daily routine. Keep cool. Keep willing.
Be poised.
of work. They contribute to high productivity or accomp-
Keep trying. Keep learning.
lishment by all, low labor turnover, decrease in lateness
Do not show a know-all attitude.
and absenteeism, few grievances or little conflict, high
FELLOW EMPLOYEES will appreciate it If you:
morale-and job satisfaction and advancement.
OFTEN IT IS USEFUL to go back over the interview it-
Are polite and friendly.
self. Try to reconstruct each step. Start with your prepar-
REMEMBER:
ation for the interview. Think about each thing that you
If you are being interviewed for a job, an employer will
Show cooperation. Do your share of the work and even
did. Perhaps the interviewer gave you a suggestion for Im-
be searching for evidence of all the qualities listed above.
be ready to do more than your share if necessary.
proving your chances for future interviews. Try making a
jobs.
list of ways you feel you can improve your chances for get-
Pay attention to others' advice, constructive criticism.
ting the next Job you interview for. As you go over the
steps, you may remember something that did not go well.
Show respect to others for the job they do, whatever it
For example, you might have had to rush to get to the
may be. All Jobs are Important or they wouldn't exist.
interview on time. Not having time to relax before the
interview could have caused you to seem nervous and un-
sure of yourself. This type of thinking and re-examining is
A SOUND JOB SECRET: You usually have to make your
especially beneficial. You may be surprised at all the ways
own luck!
you find to improve.
16
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
New election code takes effect
MISSION-This year, for the first time in the history of the Umatilla Reservation, annual tribal elections will be
conducted in accord with a written Elections Ordinance.. A draft of this ordinance was prepared by Tribal Atty.
Douglas R. Nash over the past winter in line with requirements outlined for a comprebensive tribal government
development program adopted by the tribe.
The first draft of this ordinance was completed on Feb. 16 of this year. On Feb. 18 it was submitted to the Board
of Trustees, and a three-member elections review committee was named to weigh every single word. According to
Nash, the ordinance was prepared in strict compliance with the Tribal Constitution and By-Laws adopted by the
tribe in December of 1949 and in conformity with all established and time-honored customs which have developed
around tribal voting. The ordinance was adopted after long and careful review by the Board of Trustees on July 19.
It took effect Oct. 1. The ordinance covers both general and special elections in a total of 34 sections.
CHAPTER I NAME, PURPOSE & SCOPE
(B) Any rule promulgated under the authority of
(6) At least one alternate, which alternate shall be
this section shall not be inconsistent with the provisions
the person who received the next highest number of
Section 1. NAME
of this ordinance or the Constitution and By-Laws.
votes after those elected to office.
This ordinance shall be known as the Election Ordinance
(C) Any rule promulgated by the Umatilla Tribal
Section 12. VACANCIES
of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Res-
Election Committee pursuant to this section shall,
ervation in Oregon.
upon the conclusion of the election during which said
Any vacancies occurring in the Umatilla Tribal Election
rule was promulgated, submit that rule in writing to
Committee shall be filled in a manner consistent with
Section 2. PURPOSE
the Board of Trustees along with an explanation of the
Section 6 of this ordinance. Any person so appointed
reason for its promulgation, for the purpose of con-
shall serve for the duration of the term of his predeces-
The purpose of this ordinance is to provide regulations
sidering the inclusion of that rule in this ordinance.
sor.
that will result in the election process being fair and ef-
ficient.
Section 10. DISPUTES
Section 13. REMOVAL
Section 3. SCOPE
(A) The Umatilla Tribal Election Committee shall
The Board of Trustees may remove any member of the
decide all disputes arising during and concerning the
Umatilla Tribal Election Committee from office for
The provisions of this ordinance shall apply to all elect-
election processes and their decision shall be final.
cause after providing timely notice of intent to do so,
ions, both regular and special, conducted to elect mem-
the reason for such action and an opportunity for the
bers for the General Council, Board of Trustees and
(B) In deciding any disputes the committee shall
person to be removed to answer the charges against him.
Umatilla Tribal Education Board.
gather such facts as are available and necessary for a
resolution of the problem. Any decision of the com-
CHAPTER II ELECTION COMMITTEE
mittee shall be by a majority vote thereof.
CHAPTER III ELECTIONS
Section 4. ESTABLISHMENT
Section 14. ELECTION DATES
Section 11. DUTIES
The Umatilla Tribal Election Committee is hereby auth-
Election dates shall be established by the Umatilla Tribal
orized to be established for the purposes of conducting
In addition, the Umatilla Tribal Election Committee
and supervising all tribal elections, regular or special, in
shall:
Election Committee, provided, however, that the date
selected shall be in the month of November.
accordance with the mandate of this ordinance; deciding
disputes concerning the election processed during the
(A) As soon as possible after their appointment estab-
Section 15. TERMS OF OFFICE
existence of the committee; enforcing this ordinance
lish the date upon which the election isto be held and
and promulgating such additional rules as may be nec-
the date upon which the receipt of nominating petitions
(A) Members of the General Council shall serve for
essary from time to time during elections.
will cease which shall be exactly 20 days prior to the
terms of one year or until their successors are elected
election date.
and take office.
Section 5. COMPOSITION
(B) Issue such notices as are necessary to inform tribal
(B) Members of the Board of Trustees shall serve for
The Umatilla Tribal Election Committee shall consist
members of the dates, times, places, and procedures for
terms of two years or until their successors are elected
of six members who shall elect by majority vote or con-
nominations and elections.
and take office.
sensus one of their number to serve as Chairman.
(C) Direct the preparation of, and make available,
Section 16. NUMBER OF TERMS
Section 6. APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS
nominating petitions in the form as attached to this ord-
inance as Appendix A.
There shall be no limit on the number of times a mem-
(A) The seven (7) members of the Umatilla Tribal
ber of the General Council or the Board of Trustees can
Election Committee shall be appointed as follows: three
(D) Upon the date set for the close of nominations the
be reelected.
(3) shall be appointed by the Chairman of the General
committee shall:
Council and four (4) shall be appointed by the Chairman
Section 17. QUALIFICATIONS FOR HOLDING
of the Board of Trustees.
(1) Review all petitions received.
OFFICE
(2) Determine the eligibility of the person nominated
(B) Any person so appointed may decline the appoint-
for office.
Any enrolled member of the Confederated Tribes over
ment, in which case, another appointment shall be made
(3) Determine the eligibility of each person who sign-
18 years of age may hold office on the General Council
in a manner not inconsistent with part (A) of this sect-
ed the petition to vote in an election.
or the Board of Trustees; provided, that no person shall
ion.
(4) Contact all unqualified candidates and state the
be eligible to be a member of the Board of Trustees un-
reason for their not being qualified.
less that person resides on the Umatilla Indian Reservat-
(C) The members of the Umatilla Tribal Election Com-
(5) Contact all qualified candidates and document
ion.
mittee shall be appointed on or before October 1 of each
either their willingness or unwillingness to be a candidate
year.
for office by completion of the form attached to this
Section 18. NOMINATION OF CANDIDATES,
ordinance as Appendix B.
TIME FOR
Section 7. QUALIFICATIONS
(E) Upon the determination of which candidates are
(A) A person, otherwise qualified, may be nominated
(A) The members of the Umatilla Tribal Election Com-
properly nominated and are willing to serve, the com-
by having his name and the position for which he is
mittee shall be enrolled members of the Confederated
mittee shall direct the preparation of official ballots.
being nominated placed on a nominating petition (the
Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, over 18 years
form for which is attached to this ordinance as Append-
of age and of good moral character.
(F) Mail absentee ballots as required by this ordinance.
ix A) by a person eligible to vote in a tribal election and
thereafter having at least five (5) people who are eligible
(B) In the event that any person appointed to the
(G) On the date of the election of at least three (3)
voters in the tribal election sign said petition.
Umatilla Tribal Election Committee is nominated as a
members of the committee shall be present at the ballot
candidate for an office to be filled during the existence
box during voting hours, and they shall verify the enroll-
(B) Nominating petitions will be received between
of the Election Committee on which he is serving, he
ment of each person casting a ballot and make the ap-
October 1 and 20 days prior to the date of the election
shall withdraw from that committee and the Chairman
propriate entries in the voting registry.
as will be announced by the Election Committee each
that appointed him shall appoint another to serve in
year.
his place.
(H) Upon the closing of the voting hours the commit-
tee shall examine all ballots cast, eliminate any invalid
Section 19. ELIGIBILITY OF VOTERS
Section 8. TERMS OF OFFICE
or improperly completed ballots and then determine
the number of votes cast for each candidate.
Any enrolled member of the Confederated Tribes of the
The members appointed to the Umatilla Tribal Election
Umatilla Indian Reservation over 18 years of age is elig-
Committee shall serve from the time of their appoint-
(I) The committee shall thereafter prepare a certificat-
ible to vote in tribal elections.
ment until the results of the election being conducted
ion of the results of the election which shall be signed
have been certified by them or until that election is
by each member of the committee and which shall con-
Section 20. VOTING METHOD
otherwise concluded.
tain the following information:
(A) General Council-Voters shall cast one vote for
Section 9. RULE-MAKING AUTHORITY
(1) The number of ballots cast.
the candidate of their choice for the office of Chairman,
(2) The number of invalid ballots eliminated.
one vote for the candidate of their choice for Vice Chair-
(A) The Umatilla Tribal Election Committee shall
(3) The number of absentee ballots cast.
man and so on until a vote has been cast for each office
have authority to promulgate and enforce such rules
(4) The total number of valid ballots.
to be filled. The candidate having the highest number of
as they may deem necessary, by a majority vote, to
(5) The persons elected to office, the number of
votes shall be declared the winner.
provide for fair and efficient elections under this ord-
votes received by those persons and the office to which
they are elected, and
(Continued on Page 17)
inance.
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
17
ELECTIONS
Section 28. RECOUNT OF VOTES
HISTORY
(A) In the event that the person receiving the highest
number of votes for an office has 10 or less votes more
(Continued from Page 7)
than the person receiving the next highest number of
(Continued from Page 16)
votes, the latter may, upon written request, have the
votes for that particular office recounted by the Uma-
-Act of Aug. 1, 1953: House Concurrent Resolution
tilla Tribal Election Committee.
108, the Termination Act, set forth the sense of Cong-
(B) Board of Trustees-Voters shall cast one vote for
ress that specified tribes should be "freed" from "fed-
(B) Any request for a recount shall be delivered to the
four candidates for the Board of Trustees, for a total of
eral supervision and control" in accord with the policy
Chairman of the Umatilla Tribal Election Committee no
four votes. The four candidates receiving the highest
of making, as rapidly as possible, Indians "within the
later than 48 hours after the results of the election have
territorial limits of the United States subject to the
number of votes shall be declared winners.
been certified.
same laws and entitled to the same privileges and res-
ponsibilities as are applicable to other citizens of the
Section 21. ABSENTEE VOTING
Section 29. OFFICERS, BOARD OF TRUSTEES
United States This became known as the policy of
"termination."
(A) Absentee ballots shall be mailed by the Umatilla
The members of the Board of Trustees shall elect from
Tribal Election Committee to an eligible voter when so
their number the officers of the Board of Trustees.
-Act of Aug. 15, 1953: Public Law 280, as it is now
requested in writing by that voter.
known, transferred specified criminal and civil juris-
Section 30. CERTIFICATION OF ELECTION
(B) Any written request for an absentee ballot must be
diction to five states [including Oregon] and gave other
signed by the voter requesting the ballot and his signat-
states the option of assuming such civil and criminal
The results of the election shall be certified by the Uma-
ure must be verified by the Election Committee. Re-
jurisdiction over federal Indian reservations within their
tilla Tribal Election Committee as provided in Section
borders.
quests for absentee ballots must be received by the Trib-
11 (I) of this ordinance.
-Act of June 17, 1954: The Menominee Tribe of Wis-
al Office no less than 15 days before the election date.
consin was terminated by this act. Other tribes were
Section 31. RECALL
terminated by other statutes. While these are specific
(C) All requests for absentee ballots shall be kept on
statutes applying to specific tribes, they reflected the
file in the Tribal Office by the Umatilla Tribal Election
(A) Any officer of the General Council, or any mem-
national policy of termination, as expressed in House
Committee.
ber of the Board of Trustees, may be removed from of-
Concurrent Resolution 108.
fice by majority vote of the General Council upon the
(D) Absentee ballots shall be sent to eligible voters
filing with the Board of Trustees of a recall petition sign-
-Act of Aug. 4, 1954: This act transferred federal
with postage prepaid and shall be mailed no less than 10
ed by at least 50 members of the General Council. Such
responsibility for Indian health care from the Bureau
days before the election date.
petition shall state clearly the charges against the indiv-
of Indian Affairs to the Department of Health, Educ-
idual whose recall is sought.
(E) Completed absentee ballots must be received by
ation and Welfare.
the Umatilla Tribal Election Committee at the close of
(B) It shall be the duty of the Board of Trustees, when
-Act of April 11, 1968: The Indian Civil Rights Act
voting hours on the election day.
a recall petition is filed in proper form with sufficient
applied certain of the rights outlined in the U.S. Bill
signatures, forthwith to call an election of the General
of Rights, or similar rights, to tribal self-government.
Section 22. CERTIFICATION OF CANDIDATES
Council to vote upon the petition.
It also authorized creation of a "model code of just-
ice" for Indian offenses on Indian reservations, and
The Umatilla Tribal Election Committee shall certify
(C) The individual sought to be recalled shall have the
conferred jurisdiction over criminal and civil actions
candidates as provided in Section 11 (D) of this ord-
right to see the said petition at least 20 days before the
to states only with the consent of the tribes. This
inance.
said election, and to appear at the election and answer
act, in effect, amends Public Law 280, referred to
the charges made against him.
above, which did not require tribal consent.
Section 23. BALLOTS
(D) The individual(s) who are the subject of the recall
-Act of June 23, 1972: The Indian Education Act
(A) The Umatilla Tribal Election Committee shall
shall be recalled only if the charges made against them
authorized expanded Elementary and Secondary Educ-
prescribe the form of the ballots to be used in each
are substantial and to the detriment of the Confederated
election. In addition to containing the names of the
ation Act and impact aid programs, to assure that the
Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation and have eith-
candidates, the offices for which they are candidates and
portions of these funds affecting Indians would be
er been proven by those presenting the petition or not
a place for the voter to mark his selections, there shall
administered with community control, or in Indian-
satisfactorily answered by the person(s) against whom
also be provided an appropriate place for write-in votes
controlled schools.
the charges were made.
for each of the offices to be filled.
-Act of Dec. 22, 1973: The Menominee Restoration
Section 32. NEGLECT OF DUTY
(B) All ballots shall be kept by the Umatilla Tribal
Act effectively repudiated termination, launched in
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Election Committee until the results of the election
1953, as a national Indian policy.
have been certified and the time for requesting a re-
(A) Whenever, in the opinion of a majority of the ent-
count has passed.
-Act of Jan. 4, 1975: The Indian Self-Determination
ire Board of Trustees, any member of the Board of
and Education Assistance Act clarified and expanded
Trustees has been guilty of gross neglect of duty, it shall
Section 24. VOTING PLACES
the authority of the Secretary of the Interior and the
certify its opinion, together with the reasons therefore,
Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare (in the
There shall be one voting place which shall be located at
to the General Council, which shall have the power to
matters of Indian health service) to contract with Ind-
remove said member from office and to elect a suc-
the Tribal Offices in the Tribal Community Center in a
ian tribes and tribal organizations to operate federally
cessor.
room to be designated by the Umatilla Tribal Election
funded programs on reservations.
Committee for each election.
NEXT: Legislation for Particular Tribes
(B) The member who is so accused shall have the right
to receive a copy of the charges against him at least 20
Section 25. SUPERVISION
days in advance of the meeting of the General Council
at which the question of removal and of selection of a
Elections shall be under the supervision of the Umatilla
successor are to be voted on, and shall be entitled to
CONSTITUTION
Tribal Election Committee as provided in this ordinance.
appear at said meeting and answer said charges.
Section 26. VOTING HOURS
Section 33. SPECIAL ELECTIONS
(Continued from Page 1)
Voting hours for tribal elections shall be between 8:00
(A) In the event that any member of the Baord of
a.m. and 8:00 p.m.
Trustees or officer of the General Council is unable, for
constitutions and make recommendations to the Board
whatever reason, to complete the term to which he was
of Trustees" on all proposed further amendments.
Section 27. COUNTING OF VOTES
elected, a special election shall be called by the Chair-
The Umatilla Tribal Election Committee shall be res-
man of the General Council for the purpose of filling
"Tribal sovereignty became apparent with the adoption
the vacancy.
of the Constitution and By-Laws on Dec. 7, 1949," said
ponsible for counting votes as provided in Section 11(H)
Minthorn. "These documents have been very useful,
of this ordinance.
(B) A special election shall be held as soon as is pract-
but in order to maintain our sovereignty they must be
icable after an office is left vacant.
strengthened.
ELECTION
(C) This ordinance shall govern the holding of a special
This referendum was made possible out of necessity,
election except where its provisions are clearly inapplic-
he added. It is necessary to fully and effectively reg-
COMMITTEE
able.
ulate hunting and fishing activities within the reservat-
ion. Matters of zoning, taxation and land use planning
Section 34. TIES
are also affected. Such jurisdiction and sovereignty
CHAPTER II of the new election code, above,
have been key points in recent court decisions, he
spells out, in 10 separate sections, the specific
(A) In the event that two or more people receive an
noted, in which tribal powers had been challenged but
duties, responsibilities and roles the Umatilla
equal number of votes, those votes shall be allowed to
were eventually upheld by the courts.
Tribal Election Committee must play in both
stand in the selection of the candidates receiving the
highest number of votes; provided, that if two candidat-
Minthorn said the constitutional amendment would
general and special elections. The following
es receive an equal number of votes and it is not possib-
satisfy members in Congress who require a clear major-
persons-appointed by the Board of Trustees
le for both candidates to take office due to the filling of
ity tribal voice before passing any legislation to return
and the General Council-assumed the first of
other positions by candidates receiving higher numbers
civil and criminal jurisdiction to the tribe. "We have
their responsibilities on Oct. 1. Their work will
of votes, then a run-off election shall be held.
been exercising sovereignty but we haven't been using
the word," he said. "Hopefully we will have a strong
not be done in this election until the last votes
are certified and counted Nov. 26. They are:
(B) A run-off election shall be held by all eligible
document which we can take to court and win."
voters casting their vote on a ballot prepared by the
Umatilla Tribal Election Committee for that purpose
Seven Board of Trustees candidates will appear on the
Chairman Viola Wocatsie
and by indicating thereon their preference of the cand-
Nov. 26 ballot for four positions. Candidates are in-
Vice Chairman Michael Farrow
idates receiving equal numbers of votes. The candidate
cumbents Chairman Leslie Minthorn, Sam Kash Kash
receiving the highest number of votes shall be deemed
and Elwood Patawa, and challengers Rodney T. Cow-
Secretary Brenda Shippentower
elected to the position. In any run-off election, suffic-
apoo, Kenneth Bill, Raphael Bill and Raymond T.
Member Calvin Shillal
ient time for notice and receipt of absentee ballots,
Burke.
Member Adele McConnell
in a manner consistent with this ordinance, shall be
General Council candidates are: Chairman, Kathleen
Member Elizabeth Jones
allowed.
Gordon; Vice Chairman, Ronald T. Pond; Interpreter,
Member Aurelia Shippentower
Eliza Bill; Secretary, RoseMary Narcisse and Mitzi Kipp
[Adopted by Board of Trustees July 19, 1976.]
Rodriguez.
18
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
STUDENT OUTLOOK
Pilot Rock
BY MELANIE MINTHORN
COUNSELOR:
The
Indian
School counselors increase
Counselor of Pilot Rock District
2R is Mr. Michael L. Minthorn.
He counsels both the junior and
senior hi, and also takes on the
PENDLETON-(Staff)-A total of 16 Indian counselors this year
trying job of counseling the
are working closely in 11 schools across Umatilla County which
grade school here. He seems to
have Indian students in attendance from kindergarten through senior
enjoy his job, and we're glad
high school.
to have him. Mr. Minthorn
also teaches senior hi choir.
Their work adds a completely new dimension to the school world
Mrs. Jones is a teacher aide
of students, and it affects the counselors as well. Their work is made
at the elementary school for
possible by the Johnson-O'Malley Act of 1934, which was brought
the district.
to the Umatilla Reservation in 1971 under the leadership of Emma
Farrow. And this work is producing interesting results.
VOLLEYBALL: Melanie Min-
thom played a good season on
In earlier years JOM funds were routed directly to school districts.
the junior varsity bolleyball
Now, in a period of tribal self-determination, they are routed
team. Although it was her
through tribes. A six-member JOM Parent Committee chaired by
first year, she did a very good
Emma Farrow handles these matters.
job being a spiker. She also
works hard on the Rocket paper
Vicki Alexander at Helen McCune Junior Hi and Evelyn Lloyd at
"Flare," and on the high school
John Murray Junior Hi in Pendleton were the original counselors in
annual. She is a sophomore.
this program, beginning in 1971. They agree today that if they
Maureen Minthorn is a fresh-
didn't have each other to compare notes with, neither would have
man who played on the junior
survived. Today they are sharing their hard-earned knowledge
varsity volleyball team for her
from that early experience with 14 new counselors.
COUNSELORS MEET REGULARLY TO RESOLVE COMMON PROBLEMS
first year. She is also freshman
If a child has problems and the child's parents are away at work
class secretary and frosh cheer-
These are Michael Minthorn and Marilee Jones in Pilot Rock; Ruby
they use their own time to keep the parents advised about their
leader. She participates in
Sams and Harriet Botts at Athena Weston-McKuen and Adams; Lou-
children-even if it means contacting them at night or on weekends.
many of the senior hi activities.
ella Farrow at Pendleton Hi; Vicki at Helen McCune and Evelyn at
John Murray; Arnie Patrick at Hawthorne and Sherwood Element-
Kids do fight and do have problems. But not all kids need help.
ary; Robert Cody at McKay; and Harriet Amerman, Rose Sohappy,
The counselors provide the adult male and female Indian presence
Kay Webb, Alvina Huesties, Becky Patrick, Patty Allen and Betty
on the schoolgrounds and in the classrooms. They can see the bene-
Burke at Washington Elementary.
fit of the Indian child identifying with that Indian presence. "Their
JOM requires certification of one-quarter blood quantum for all
presence lessens fights and misunderstandings. They do a job just
children served by JOM counselors. Says Vicki: "We can work
by being there." It's not a matter of academic assistance but social
with children of terminated tribes, but we don't count them as
assistance.
part of our student statistics." In schools nearby there are 126
One problem which won't go away is the problem of busing. Many
elementary school children of the tribe. Ninety of them are in
student fights occur there. Students rise early, catch the bus and
the first six grades-evidence of a "baby boom." A total of 50
some are delivered to the schools before the schools open. There's
enrolled tribal students attend nearby public high schools.
the problem of weather, roads and terrain. "It's hardest for small
children," confided one counselor. "Getting to a bus in bad weath-
These counselors and teacher aides have interesting days. They
er endangers their little lives A driver's meeting to resol-
keep an eye on all the needs of the students and respond to them.
ve the issues of routes and terrain is set soon.
Pendleton
BY PAM JONES
to assist the club in this way may contact Louella "Lou" Farrow
SECRETARY WAYNE BROWN
at 276-3621, Extension 14. Any help will be appreciated.
OFFICERS: Wayne Brown is
INDIAN CLUB PREVIEW: A coed basketball tournament planned
a sophomore who was elected-
for Oct. 29-31 had been planned by the Pendleton High School
HELEN McCUNE HIGHLIGHTS: Fifteen Indian students at Helen
for the third year in a row-
Indian Club, but will be delayed a while. We had spent a lot of time
McCune Jr. Hi-seven boys and eight girls-are active in planning
to be class secretary. He par-
in progressing in fund-raising. Last year, too, we had planned a coed
now underway to form a Junior Hi Indian Club. An upcoming
ticipates in many of the high
tournament. But the problem last year, like this year, was a lack of
planning meeting is Nov. 17, Wednesday, at 2:00 p.m. in the office
school activities and is an aide
teams and not enough guidance. Louella Farrow is trying her best
of Counselor Vicki Alexander.
to Mr. Minthorn. Edwin
to help us organize the tournament and she is a big help. We have
Morning Owl is an eighth grader
decided to reschedule the tournament to a later date. It will prob-
FOOTBALLERS: Ninth grader Rod Cowapoo Jr. and eighth
in the junior hi, He was recent-
ably held in the spring. We hope to have better participation in the
club and have the tournament better organized and planned. We
graders Willie John Jones and Arnold Jim are busy practicing on the
ly elected to be student body
HMC Broncs.
president of the junior hi.
would like to thank all the people who are planning on helping us.
Edwin also plays trumpet in the
junior hi band, and is already a
The Indian Club has a trip planned this month to Portland. All the
prize-winning traditional dancer.
Indian students will be able to go because this will be to encourage
them to come to school and go to class. Some students will be
INSIDE JOHN MURRAY: At John Murray Jr Hi, Indian studen
going to a health education conference in LaGrande on Nov. 9-11.
are involved in a number of activities. During the first nine week
They will be going to LaGrande for the first half and to Portland
of school there were students involved in the four girls' volleyba
for the second half. Eastern Oregon State College will be paying
teams, seventh and eighth grade football, gymnastics for girls, an
for all expenses.
alternate positions on Student Council.
We will be planning a dinner for parents and teachers some time in
The Indian girls' volleyball season was not bad. The ones who
December or January. This is sort of an annual thing and so far
participated were: Babette Cowapoo and Adamae Patrick on Team
the annual dinner has been very successful.
1. Those on Team 2 were Molly Shoeships and Jolynn McKay.
Tina Minthorn, Julie Jamison and Arleta Dick were all on Team 3--
VOLLEYBALL: The Pendleton Hi Varsity volleyball team travel-
which was undefeated this season. On Team 4 were Vivian Sohappy,
ed to Ontario on Nov. 4 to play in the district playoffs. The Buck
Janet Johnson, Ginny Minthorn, Paula Pavytewa and Leona Pond.
Gals played the Baker Bulldogs, the only team that has beaten PHS
in their conference league. The Buck girls practiced long and hard
The seventh grade football players were Zack Patrick, a halfback,
for the match. Playoffs were in the single elimination bracket.
on Dirkson's team, and fullback Brooker Jones and tackle Allen
Against Baker, the Bucks won the first game 15-7. But they lost
Spencer on Green's team. Green's team tied with Dirkson's team
the match with two following losses to Baker, 2-15 and 13-15.
for first place. Eighth grade football players were Clayton John-
Baker will represent the district at state. Says Coach Coleen Hunt:
son, Buck Jones and Punky Pond. They had a good season. Clay-
The Indian girl players "are super. They are calm, cool players.
ton Johnson was halfback for the Broncs, Buck Jones was an end
They are the kind I can put in anytime and count on them. Terri
for the Brones, and Punky Pond was their quarterback. All three
Parr was a starter in Ontario. She will be gone next year. But Pam,
had a good season, with a record of two wins, two losses and one
PRESIDENT ED MORNING OWL
Charlie and Stevie will be up there next year."
tie.
SINGER: Richard Moffet is a
FOOTBALL: Rob Burnside, sophomore blockbuster, is on PHS
Student Council members included eighth graders Representative
varsity football. He helped clean up last weekend when the team
freshman. In Mr. Minthorn's
Punky Pond and Representative Tina Minthorn, and seventh grade
beat the Hermiston Bulldogs 43-7 at the homecoming game.
choir, he sings a fine solo in the
alternates Babette Cowapoo, Sarah Jim and Sarah Minthorn.
song "Twas the Night Before
Christmas'
LOOKING AHEAD: There will be the Northwest Indian Club
Which
re-
It is good to see all 0 these students taking part in the activities.
Powwow held in Lapwai, Ida. on the Nez Perce Reservation in the
minds everybody: Christmas
Several students are working on the yearbook for John Murray this
spring. The PHS Indian Club will be attending this event. The
holidays are coming in the
year. They include Dallas Dick, Punky Pond and Buck Jones. These
Indian Club needs the support of the community in its fund-rais-
near future, with a break from
boys are also part of a journalism class at John Murray and helped
in
the
classes; and fun
Ing
events
meantime.
Any
individuals
Interested
and
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
19
SPORTS
La Wanda 'barrels'
way to nationals
BY JOHN BARKLEY
SALT LAKE CITY-In the All-Indian National Finals Rodeo held
here Nov. 3-6, LaWanda Bronson of Cayuse, Ore. placed fourth
overall in the barrel racing division.
LaWanda felt her performance could have been better but her horse
was rather exhausted after the long trip by trailer to Salt Lake.
She comments on her four-year-old quarterhorse Hasty's Road-
runner: "My horse wouldn't turn. It was a different experience for
him to run indoors. We need an indoor arena at home" she quipped.
LaWanda competed against fifteen other Indian girls in the barrel
racing competition. "It didn't look tough," she notes, "but it was."
When you get the top cowboys and cowgirls throughout Indian
country together in the last finale, the competition is tough indeed.
To qualify for the All-Indian National Finals Rodeo, LaWanda had
to become one of the top two money winners of the Western States
Indian Rodeo Assn. (WSIRA). She had to compete in rodeos
throughout Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada and California. At
15, she's a well-travelled cowgirl.
LaWanda won a total of $1,599 and easily captured first place
honors with WSIRA. And would you believe this is her first year of
competition?
(Continued on Page 20)
LaWANDA BRONSON ON "HASTY'S ROADRUNNER" SWINGS AROUND BARREL AT SALT PALACE
Waii-lat-pu girls ready for basketball
BY PAM JONES
wound. There were only eight
faces.
win-- but do they know we can
dra Sampson; Judy "Titto" Mos-
to 10 players who travelled as
win?"
es; Stephanie Centre; and Ro-
MISSION-The
Waii-lat-pu
the team.)
Said one team member: "We
berta Williams.
Women's Basketball Team has
hope to do better this year in
The annual Mission women's
begun practicing for the com-
Coach Chazz Webb says:
playing the tournaments. As
tournament is now projected for
The girls will be playing this
ing season which is just about
"There should be more support
you all may know, we have been
next April. Trophies and All-
Saturday at 3:00 p.m. in Pend-
on us.
in trying for a starting position
on a losing streak. If you didn't
Star jackets are already on hand.
leton at Helen McCune Junior
this year."
hear of it, we sure did.
"We're pretty well ready," said
High School Gymnasium, where
There has been quite a turn-
one.
they will face Toppenish.
out for the winter season.
At present Waii-lat-pu has a
"This year should be a good
(Last year there were just as
turnout of 15 players. All of
year. We need all the support
The young women are busy
AMATEUR BOXING' MAG
many players-but most of them
last year's players have turned
we can get to encourage us to
with their own serious efforts
dropped out as the season un-
out-and there are more new
keep trying. We know we can
at fund-raising. A week ago they
COVERS INDIAN BOXERS
put in full days on a Saturday to
handle-and provide-items for
'Old Timers' ready for winter
a Saturday Flea Market at the
SEATTLE-The National Ind-
Community Center. They are
ian Activities Assn. (NIAA) has
also sponsoring weekly lunches
distributed a new sports mag-
azine-"Amateur Boxing" to
MISSION-The Old Timers
In deep winter the Old Tim-
at the same location. And they
the Confederated Tribes.
Basketball Team is already deep
ers will be hosting a regional
are all excellent cooks as well.
into practice at the Commun-
tournament here as well.
Subscriptions to the magazine
ity Center here and is preparing
Gloria Jim is president of the
are $12 per year. The magazine
for its first game Saturday,
In the meantime, the team
women's team. Hattie Jones is
has agreed to reimburse NIAA
Nov. 20 here at 6:30 p.m.
has scheduled a series of Fri-
vice president. Pam Jones is
$2 for each subscription it helps
day lunches from 11:30 a.m.
secretary, and Eleanor Bearchum
obtain. On the back of the mag-
And not far down the road is
till 1:00 p.m. each Friday in
is treasurer.
azine is a box to be checked for
a three-day tournament at Top-
November-on Nov. 5, Nov.
NIAA reimbursement. NIAA
penish, Wash., on the Yakima
12, Nov. 19 and Nov. 26. It's
They are all team members.
will use this new income "to
Reservation Dec. 3-5.
a good time to get your belly
Other members are:
assist in its sports-related pro-
full and still keep in shape.
grams."
Among team members are
Terri Parr; Babette Cowapoo;
captain Dan "D.J." Johnson,
Becky Patrick; Loren Burke;
Subscribers write to "Amateur
'PENDLETON INDIANS'
Harold Halfmoon, Earl "Tazz"
Lawanda Bronson; Desi Allen;
Boxing," P.O. Box 3512, Trent-
Conner, Antone Minthorn and
PLACE SECOND
Mary Allen; Louella Farrow; Le-
on, NJ 08629. The Umatillas
Paul Quaempts.
la Tewee; Sandy Minthorn; San-
now have amateur youth boxing.
TOPPENISH-The Pendleton
Indians placed second in the
Satus Cowboy Invitational Bask-
etball Tournament held here in
FOR ALL YOUR ATHLETIC NEEDS
mid-October. The Tacoma
Old Timers Luncheon
Chiefs defeated Pendleton to
claim overall title.
NOV. 5 NOV. 12 NOV. 19 NOV. 26
Eight teams participated in the
melton
tournament-Satus Cowboys,
Colville, Bigfoot Braves, Oregon
Travelers, LaPush, Warm
Benefit lunches throughout November
Springs Warhawkers, Tacoma
ATHLETIC
Chiefs and Pendleton Indians.
sponsored by the
Old Timers Basketball Team
SUPPLY
Pendleton's first game was
for support of team activities
against Colville. The game was
close until the last quarter when
Larry Cowapoo scored 12 points
308 S.W. DORION
PHONE (503) 276-4762
along with Clarence Cowapoo's
nine points to pull away and win
PENDLETON, OREGON 97801
COMMUNITY CENTER
MISSION, ORE.
93-76.
(Continued on Page 20)
20
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore.; November:1976
Bonnets back after 'feather' trial
BY RICHARD LA COURSE
his wife, and locked them in the
thirties, became a buff of surface.
store to keep people out. The
"early Oregonian things" when
MISSION-The U.S. Fish and
agents then confiscated the
he was a kid. He dug arrow-
The eagle bonnets themselves
Wildlife Service (FWS) Portland
bonnets.
Office on Oct. 22 returned three
heads during his boyhood in
were not on display in his shop
Heppner. After living in Herm-
but were stored in a trunk out
war bonnets to the Confederated
The following day he was
iston and Milton-Freewater he
of customer view for safekeep'-
Tribes for return to original
charged under three separate
settled in Pendleton and in
ing.
owners Jim Webb and John
public laws with "selling and of-
Wahsise.
1972 opened Treasure Hunters
fering to sell" items containing
Supply, where he markets metal
The FWS agents-six months
eagle feathers.
FWS Agent Wesley K. Moholt
sweep detectors which can find
before the bust-offered him
metal objects below ground
cash for the Indian items.
made the delivery to the BIA
Alderman was charged in fed-
Agency. The eagle feather war
eral district court and was
bonnets were deposited in the
brought to trial before Federal
Dist. Court Judge Robert Belloni
TOURNEY
(Continued from Page 19)
agency safe after being placed
in the protection of Board Chair-
man Leslie Minthorn and Act-
DRAWING BY CALVIN SHILLAL
on Feb. 7 of this year. He
pleaded no contest to two of the
ing BIA Supt. Dale Lingle.
three charges, and the third was
Clarence-who made all-star-
whose Lee Stewart alone is over
They will soon be returned to
dismissed. Belloni ordered the
and Larry were leading scorers
six feet.
the original owners in a special
bonnets to be returned to the
with 27 points and 18 points
ceremony.
"rightful owners" within 10
respectively. Wes Jones contrib-
Tacoma rebounded handily and
days. (The FWS took almost
uted 17 points to support the
scored "over" Pendleton easily
How did the eagle feather bon-
win.
nine months to do that.)
to account for its 119-86 win.
nets come into the hands of the
FWS?
Two of the bonnets, accord-
The second game was against
Wes Jones led Pendleton scor-
int to a sworn affidavit, were
the Bigfoot Braves. Pendleton
ers with 21 points while Clar-
Two FWS undercover agents-
feathers on it and said, 'You say
the property of the late Char-
won the game handily 94-78.
ence cooled off to score 16.
Robert Hall of Denver and David
this is worth $50?' I said 'Yes'
les Webb, whose son Jim re-
Leading scorers for Pendleton
Roy Williams contributed 15
Kirkland of Dover, Del.-were
and he signalled the woman to
ceived them after he died. The
were Clarence Cowapoo 25
points in Pendleton's defeat.
in Pendleton on May 22, 1974,
points, John Barkley 17 points,
go outside and get his sunglasses
third, according to the affidav-
and met Harlan Duane Alder-
it, belonged to Alan Patawa,
and Larry Cowapoo with 15.
on his dashboard-the signal to
man, owner and proprietor of
get the other agents to come in.
and upon his death in 1945
Behind Tacoma and Pendle-
Treasure Hunters Supply on
They came in both doors."
it was handed down to John
The championship game was
ton were the Satus Cowboys and
101 S.W. Emigrant. They claim-
Wahsise in a giveaway cerem-
against the tall Tacoma Chiefs.
LaPush, who placed third and
ed they were businessmen for a
ony.
With these players well over six
Alderman said nine agents ent-
fourth. The Pendleton trophy is
Delaware feather company.
ered the store, arrested him and
Alderman, now in his early
feet, Tacoma found it a drastic
on display at the Mission Market
They talked with Alderman,
advantage over. Pendleton
Arts and Crafts Dept. in Mission.
looked around, and left.
On Dec. 5, 1974, armed state
policemen and nine undercover
dateline:
northwest
agents pulled up outside Treas-
ure Hunters Supply. A man
and woman entered the store.
The woman, Agent Kimberly
Wright, was presented as curator
Colvilles battle sheriff
of a California museum.
Swinomish protect tidelands
"They had a prearranged sig-
NESPELEM, Wash.-Okanogan County Sheriff Jerry Beck may be
nal," Alderman told the Journal.
the target of an investigation if the Colvilles have their way. Tribal
LA CONNER, Wash.-The Swinomish Tribe is presently involved
"The man had me busy writing
Chairperson Lucy Covington in a letter to Wash. Atty. Gen. Slade
in efforts to evict trespasser Olympic and Transmountain Oil Pipe-
on a picture of a buckskin dress.
Gorton has asked for state intervention in what she called "almost
lines which it claims are trespassing tribal tidelands without ever
I told him I'd like to trade it for
criminal failure of the county sheriff's department to cooperate
seeking the consent of the tribe. A recent preliminary injunction
with tribal law enforcement efforts.
from federal district court prohibited the tribe from shutting off
a shirt. Then he held up this
the flow of oil through the pipelines.
horse gear which had two eagle
Covington charged that Beck released a felon because the arrest
Tribal officials charge the owners and managers of the pipelines
was made by a tribal officer; that Beck investigated a case of dis-
have never sought easements in violation of the U.S. and tribal
BARREL
arming a man by tribal officers, state troopers and Grand Coulee
police; that he refused to honor a tribal arrest warrant for a man
constitutions. And ahead: eviction of the pipelines or a "just
settlement" from the companies "for the years of unauthorized
wanted for theft and property damage; that Beck failed to inform
occupation and use of treaty-reserved trust lands." The Swinom-
the tribe that a man was missing on the large reservation; and that
ish have obtained the support of the Affiliated Tribes of Northwest
(Continued from Page 19)
Beck slighted tribal police for their role in a death investigation. Last
Indians (ATNI) and the matter is now before the National Cong-
May Beck revoked deputy sheriff commissions for Colville police.
ress of American Indians for support.
Besides winning barrel races,
she also won first place in the
Coeur d'Alenes want park
Previous court decisions have affirmed and clarified that treaty-
Squaw Race every day during
reserved lands established by the Treaty of Point Elliott in 1855
the Pendleton Round-Up this
include the tidelands within the exterior Swinomish boundaries.
past September.
PLUMMER, Ida.-The Coeur dAlenes want to create the nation's
first "Indian national park", but that land is presently held by the
How did LaWanda become
state of Idaho. The tribe is on record charging the state is'mis-
ATNI sets Portland meet
accustomed to the rodeo extra-
handling the property under earlier agreements.
vaganza? She really didn't
become "accustomed" to rodeos
Heyburn State Park-the land in question-was created in 1908
PORTLAND-Tribal delegations of the Affiliated Tribes of North-
and horses. It is more or less a
through congressional action removing the land from the reserv-
west Indians (ATNI) will gather here for three days Dec. 6-8 at the
tradition in her family.
ation under President Taft under specific strictures and condit-
Cosmopolitan Hotel near Lloyd Center.
ions. Since that time, some of the land has been leased by the
Her grandfather Richard Burke
state and private homes have been built thereon.
Among matters to be dealt with are annual officer elections in
was an outstanding and famed
the regional organization, and the pending reorganization of Indian
rodeo star. He had done bronc
Last Mar. 2, Interior Solicitor H. Gregory Austin stated that the
educational operations and administrative structures of the Bureau
riding, trick roping, horse racing,
leasing of parklands by Idaho and use of the land for private homes
of Indian Affairs (BIA). William Demmert, director of the BIA's
steer and calf roping, horse trad-
was "substantial use inconsistent" with the original conditions,
Office of Indian Education Programs, will be in attendance, accord-
ing and breaking. He was raised
constituting a "breach of title." Now the Coeur Alenes are ask-
ing to ATNI Executive Director Hillary "Skip" Skanen. Reservat-
on horses-and this applies to
ing the Justice Dept. to take "appropriate action" to return title
ions for the meeting can be made by calling (503) 235-4333 in
LaWanda too.
of the land to the tribe, to become the first Indian national park.
Portland.
"She has been around horses
LIL
BIT
BY FRED NIGHTWALKER
all her life," declares LaWanda's
mother, Videll Bronson. "She
started as a jockey but soon
grew too big for a jockey."
LATER
DUM-Dee-DUM
TA-THA-THA
It was then that LaWanda
started barrel racing-about five
OFF TO THA FOREST
AINT REALLY
or six years ago--and her exper-
No BEARS
ience is showing.
TA CUT some LODGE
our
Being only fifteen hears old,
POLES
LaWanda has many years ahead
of her to compete, and hopeful-
ly one day she will become the
national champion of barrel
lossin
racing.
LaWanda will be raring to go
in May of next year for another
full season of barrel racing com-
petition.
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
21
poets
arts &
entertainments
ARMAGEDDON
The Earth was barren, the sky was bland.
Here walked a stranger from a distant land.
On he walked-toward the beach-toward the sand.
He stopped, he listened, he raised his hand.
He cursed, he swore, he ranted and raved.
Oh what have we done? Can Man be saved?
Culture and classroom
For centuries Man lived and died in caves.
pleted before further initiatives
By early November the follow-
But why? For all this? Surely not! Man misbehaved.
Units
can be taken in introducing the
ing materials have been fashion-
Has the end come finally for all Mankind?
materials into the classrooms.
ed:
The world in total destruction-truly In a bind?
readied
Lavadour works in the Tribal
-Four videotapes on the Con-
What is that? The sun beginning to shine?
Education Office at the St.
federated Tribes concerning
He raises his eyes, but finds them blind.
MISSION-The tribal curricul-
Andrew's Administrative Center
food, clothing, history and leg-
This big blue margle spinning in space
um development project launch-
here. An accomplished artist
ends. A total of five hours of
may once again spawn life, but with no eyes on its face.
ed here in early August is
himself, he has designed portions
television taping were made of
This final war was started by a man of high place
currently preparing a teachers'
of video graphics for televised
tribal members Carrie Samp-
with no regard for the entire human race.
manual for the purpose of giv-
segments of tribal history and
son, Joan Burnside, Esther Lew-
ing teachers and staff of the
culture. He has also been busy
is, Isaac "Ike" Patrick, Buddy
This man contemplates the future while lying on his back
local public school district a
in the creation and design of
Jones and Kenneth Bill. Some
neglects the sandy footsteps while the tide was slack.
background in the history and
cards, drawings and games for
taping was done by tribal media
This new man of leisure could only reflect back
culture of the Walla Walla,
classroom use.
specialist Frank Johnson and
at the war of wars White against Black.
Cayuse and Umatilla Tribes,
some was done at the Inter-
and of providing a guide for
The materials will be formally
mediate Education District Stud-
He rested he thought surely I'm not alone?
introducing new tribal curric-
introduced-after pilot testing-
io in Pendleton;
I need to talk to someone, but who can phone?
ulum materials into the class-
into the regular curriculum pro-
And.....then It happened. He was not alone.
room in a meaningful way.
gram in public schools in Uma-
-Various designed games and
She was there.....with him on the beach at Avalon.
tilla County in September of
"flash cards" using Umatilla
The teachers' manual will be
They talked of the event just ended and neither could agree
next year.
words and numbers;
why they were sightless they could not see.
completed in January, and an
These materials will provide
-A sound tape and slide pres-
introductory trial period for
entation on the Sahaptin lang-
Man shall never look upon other it was His decree.
using materials already devel-
accurate tribal "content" to the
Sight had brought on hatred, wars, and much poverty.
oped will stretch from Jan-
course of studies for grade and
uage utilizing an important col-
lection of photographs depict-
The last big war was over time to begin anew.
uary through March-the
high school students, and make
winter months.
available culturally relevant edu-
ing tribal people at the turn of
They walked along together alone they were two.
ucational contents for Indian
the century;
Yes, Man did have another chance to see the world through.
He would never walk alone the Lord would see to that too!
James Lavadour of Cayuse was
students themselves.
-Proposed student activities
retained on Sept. 7 as director
Because these materials will
illustrating the patterns of hum-
This man and woman must now satisfy their need.
of the project. He is responsible
So, together at last, Man will plant his seed.
an relationships in cultural val-
for overseeing the development
also be of great interest to non-
The world begins again following their lusty deed.
of the materials and for repres-
Indian students, other object-
ues and perceptions.
But, could end forever should His word command no heed.
enting the project itself before
ives include increased mutual
The above materials were creat-
the school district.
communication, awareness and
The seed, once planted, cannot be given back.
appreciation of the value of
ed by members of the reservat-
To this man called Adam his skin white; Eve, her skin black.
-GARRY ELWOOD
Lavadour says that the teach-
cultural and ethnic diversity
ion community. Assisting in
ers' handbook must be com-
within Umatilla County
(Continued on Page 22)
ARTS & CRAFTS
The Authenticity of handmade items is Beautiful
BELTS & BUCKLES
SHAWLS
NECKLE
CHOKERS
Tribal Arts Shop
We want
Mission
Market
Mission Junction
The Real Thing
22
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
-C.U.J. PHOTO BY WOESHA HAMPSON
community calendar
SENIOR CITIZENS and friends meet every Wednesday at 11:30 a.m. for
good food and good company. Birthday tributes for all persons having
birthdays In one month held on last Wednesday of the month.
NOVEMBER 8
1:00 p.m.
JOM Parents Meeting. Board Room, Mission.
NOVEMBER 9
9:30 a.m.
Health Board interview - Board Room
10:00 a.m. Girls Basketball Luncheon - Gymnasium
NOVEMBER 10
8:30 a.m.
Alcohol & Drug meeting - Board Room
NOVEMBER 11
9:00 a.m.
GENERAL COUNCIL MEETING
11:00 a.m.
Old Timers Luncheon Community Center
NOVEMBER 12
10:30 a.m.
TIMBER SALE Bid Openings - Board Room
1:00 p.m.
Flu shots Yellowhawk Clinic
1:00 p.m.
VETERANS DAY CELEBRATION Community Center
by George St. Dennis Post 140
NOVEMBER 13
IED DIRECTOR CHUCK McCULLOUGH LEFT, PINS MIKES ON JOAN BURNSIDE AND CARRY SAMPSON
VETERANS DAY CELEBRATION continues
NOVEMBER 14
CULTURE (Continued from Page 21)
VETERANS DAY CELEBRATION continues
these creations were Carl Samp-
everyone who wants to share
showings are available at St.
(Weekend Nov. 12-14: Veterans Day Powwow
son, James Lavadour, Ronald
his or her knowledge with
Andrew's as well. His phone
Toppenish, Wash. on Yakima Reservation)
Pond, Esther Lewis, Bert F.
younger people through this
number is 276-8221.
NOVEMBER 15
Jones, Ike Patrick, Janie Pond,
project.
Teresa Minthorn, Peter
The project has an advisory
7:00 p.m.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES MEETING Board Room
Quaempts, Joan Burnside, Fred
Lavadour defines this oppor-
committee. Members of this
Hill, Antone Minthorn and
tunity as a chance for all tribal
committee are Kathleen Gord-
NOVEMBER 16
Martha Franklin.
folks to "take an active part" in
on, Barbara Guerrero, Elizabeth
3:30 p.m.
Educators' Title IV-A meeting St. Andrews
the education of their children.
Jones, Arleta Sampson, Dorothy
Project Director Lavadour says
Scott, Judy Scott, Pam Jones,
NOVEMBER 17
he is wide open to more inform-
Lavadour says any interested
Stephanie Penney, Vicki Alex-
persons who visit St. Andrew's
8:30 a.m.
ander, Robert Hirsh, Jayne
Alcohol & Drug meeting Board Room
ation and stories relating to trib-
al culture and history. He ex-
can view any or all of the mater-
Clarke, Rudy Rada, Phyllis Lobe
NOVEMBER 18
tends a standing invitation to
ials already developed.
TV
and Keith Blanchard.
9:00 a.m.
PROGRAM DIRECTORS MEETING Board Room
11:00 a.m.
Old Timers Luncheon Community Center
6:00 p.m.
JOM Committee meeting with high school students
Five serve on arts board
Dinner meeting at Indian Hills, Pendleton
7:30 p.m.
Beorge St. Dennis Post 140 meeting Board Room
NOVEMBER 19
WASHINGTON-A total of five
designer-craftsman and award-
agency is now accepting "col-
1:00 p.m.
Flu shots Yellowhawk Clinic
prominent persons currently
winner of Cherokee, N.C.;
lect" telephone calls from Ind-
ian artists, craftsmen, perform-
NOVEMBER 20
serve on the Indian Arts and
Crafts Board in the Interior
-Gerald J. Gray, Blackfeet,
ers and organizations on all
6:30 p.m.
Old Timers Basketball gymnasium
Department.
educator and school district
necessary matters. Persons
supt. in Box Elder, Mont.;
may make collect calls to
NOVEMBER 24
Members are:
(202) 343-3067.
10:30 a.m. TIMBER SALE BID OPENINGS Board Room
-Laura Bergt, Eskimo, past
--Lloyd Kiva New, Cherokee,
Alaska state legislator and hold-
NOVEMBER 25
board chairman and director
er of national appointments, of
The board operates three mus-
of the Institute of American Ind-
Fairbanks, Alaska.
eums in Browning, Mont., Rapid
THANKSGIVING HOLIDAY
ian Arts in Santa Fe, N.M.;
City, S.D. and Anadarko, Okla.,
Illumination Basketball Tournament Powwow
Warm Springs, Ore.
The priority. concerns of the
which function as centers for
-Royal B. Hassrick, author and
Indian Arts and Crafts Board,
exhibition, study and the sale
NOVEMBER 26
anthropologist specializing in
created in 1936, include the
of authentic contemporary Ind-
8:00 a.m.
TRIBAL ELECTIONS. Ballots cast in Board Room,
Plains Indian culture and west-
protection of Indian and Nat-
ian arts and crafts.
Community Center, Mission, until 8:00 p.m.
ern Americana, of Franktown,
ive artists and expansion of
Colo.;
their cultural opportunities.
Address is Indian Arts and
1:00 p.m.
Flu shots - Yellowhawk Clinic
Crafts Board, Interior Dept.,
-William H. Crowe, Cherokee,
The advisory and information
Washington, DC 20240.
FUNDING DIRECTORY, ARTS STORIES IN OFFING
DENVER, Colo.-(Staff)-The Western States Arts Foundation is
currently examining plans to prepare a directory of all private and
canyon records
federal funding sources in America for Indian and Alaska Native art-
istic and cultural projects.
Also in the offing is the circulation of arts and culture features to
all Indian newspapers in the U.S. To be sought are Indian and Nat-
ive writers free to travel who can undertake these assignments. Inter-
ested persons write Coordinator Laurie Adler, Western States Arts
Foundation, 1517 Market St., Denver, Colo. 80202. Her telephone
number is (303) 571-1561.
RECORDS & TAPES
OF
BLUE HORIZON
AMERICAN INDIAN
GIFTSHOP
MUSIC
FOR THE GIFT THAT REFLECTS YOUR GOOD TASTE
MORE THAN 150 ALBUMS
WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG TO:
CANYON RECORDS
4143 N. 16TH ST.
PHOENIX, ARIZ. 85016
ATTENTION NORTHWEST DEALERS:
CONTACT OUR DISTRIBUTOR-
BANKAMERICARD
AUTHENTIC TURQUOISE
JIM BOND
(602) 266-4823
ST. ROUTE 1
JEWELRY & SOUVENIRS
LEBANON, OREGON 97355
S.W. 20th & Emigrant
Pendleton, Oregon 97801
Near Melanie Square
(503) 276-2254
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
23
BOOKSHELF
1st
ANNIVERSARY SALE
NOV. 12-14
20% discount on every item in the store
ETHNOGEOGRAPHIC GUIDE TO THE INDIAN CLAIMS COMMISSION
Clearwater Publishing Co. Inc.
75 Rockefeller Plaza
SEATTLE
New York, NY 10019
1976 free
IN SEATTLE'S PIONEER SQUARE
409 SECOND AVENUE
THE INDIAN CLAIMS COMMISSION was established in 1946 to clear away the
(206) 623-4752
staggering number of outstanding legal claims by tribes against the federal govern-
ment. In its 30 years of existence, it has not yet totally relieved itself of a burden
born of two centuries of legal and other kinds of conflicts. But the ICC document-
ation affecting most United States tribes is a repository of data unparalleled in its
completeness and significance.
SELECTED TURQUOISE AND STERLING SILVER JEWELRY
Clearwater Publishing Co. Inc. of New York has just published a catalog available
free of cost which provides access to an astronomical 400,000 pages of expert reports,
transcripts, legal briefs, ICC decisions and General Accounting Office (GAO) reports
which have become part of its historic decisions. (The catalog contains listings of all
ICC decisions relating to the Umatilla Reservation as well.)
Clearwater is the publisher of The Library of American Indian Affairs. According
to Clearwater, the new catalog is organized along nine ethno-geographic regions--and
for each region, an alphabetical list is provided of the tribes which filed claims. All
of the claims for each tribe are listed together with a summary of the types of docu-
ments filed for each claim with the ICC. Clearwater makes these available to inter-
QUINTANA'S
ested parties in the form of microfiche and paper copies. (The first Umatilla claims
before the ICC were filed on Aug. 9, 1951, and proceedings continued until the end
of the Sixties.)
The Clearwater catalog enables the interested reader to ascertain the scope of mater-
ial available for each claim, tribe and region-and to order any items of interest. Re-
INDIAN
searchers into Indian matters, tribal historians, regional and area specialists, and state
and county historical societies will find this codified index of ICC materials invaluable
in touching the earliest history of Indian lands within and near today's reservations.
Clearwater's telephone for requests is (212) 765-0555.
ARTS & CRAFTS
KAPPLER'S INDIAN AFFAIRS, LAWS AND TREATIES
Vols. 1-5
Superintendent of Documents
Government Printing Office
A COMPLETE LINE
Washington, D.C. 20402
OF INDIAN ARTS &
1976, $75.00
CRAFTS, INCLUDING
In 1968, with the passage of the Indian Civil Rights Act, the Department of the
BASKETS, KACHINA
Interior was required to prepare and update for republication Kappler's famed text
which contains treaties, statutes and executive orders from the birth of the American
DOLLS,
NAVAJO
Republic up to the year 1938. It has taken much time to accomplish this task, but
RUGS, SANDPAINT-
the new result is now on the open federal market.. Further volumes beyond 1-5 will
become available as the 1970s unwind.
INGS, IVORY AND
NORTHWEST COAST
The collection is simply a classic collection and the foundation of federal Indian
CARVINGS, POTTERY
law. (Many Umatilla statutes and orders-along with the June 9, 1855 Treaty of
Walla Walla-are contained therein.) Revision and republication were undertaken by
AND BEADWORK
the controversy-ridden Indian Civil Rights Task Force in the Interior Dept. Anita
Vogt, attorney for the Division of Indian Affairs in the Interior Dept. Solicitor's
Office, urges all who "have questions or need further information" to contact her
in Washington, D.C. at (202) 343-8526. Further republications-including the famed
Felix Cohen's HANDBOOK OF FEDERAL INDIAN LAW-are on the brink of appear-
ing. Order from Government Printing Office at above address. Ask for Stock No.
024-000-817-7, and specify Catalog No. Y4-IN2-2:144 (Vols. 1-5). That's in gov-
ernmentease.
Donald E. Worcester, Ed., FORKED TONGUES & BROKEN TREATIES
Caxton Printers Ltd.
Caldwell, Ida. 83605
1976, 494 pages, $9.95
The subject of broken Indian treaties is a story of whittling down the Indian's once
valuable and vast holdings. Every time Indian lands were found to be valuable, either
for their fertility or mineral deposits, tribes were cajoled-"for their own good"-to
relinquish these lands. In the past two decades Indian treaties have gained consider-
able importance, as various tribes successfully bring suits against the federal govern-
ment for compensation of lands illegally taken.
White officials and all those so-called "reformers" of dubious worth have tried for
countless decades to make tribal people into imitation white farmers, assuming that a
few shovels, hoes and seedbags and a few acres of marginal land would make tribal
folks "self-supporting"-and in the process conveniently solve the "Indian problem."
One of the underlying themes of treaty-breaking was the "vanishing red man" theory,
a strongly held belief that Indians would soon disappear completely. In that case,
there would be no further need for Indian lands. Worcester's volume orchestrates and
FRIDAY, NOV. 12:
11:00 A.M. 9:00 P.M.
amplifies the many voices of that constant violation of Native peoples. And he quotes
SATURDAY, NOV. 13:
11:00 A.M. 6:00 P.M.
the Oglala Sioux Chief Sitting Bull: "What treaty that the white have kept has the red
SUNDAY, NOV. 14:
12:00 NOON 5:00 P.M.
man broken? Not one. What treaty that the white man has ever made with us have
they kept? Not one."
REVOLUTIONARY ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE UNITED STATES-THE AMER-
ICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT
Hearing before the Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security
April 6, 1976, 207 pages
IN APPRECIATION OF YOUR PAST AND CONTINUED PAT-
U.S. Government Printing Office
ronage, there will be free refreshments and free prizes given. Come in
Washington, D.C. 20402
and register. No purchases necessary.
Order No. 71-508, $2.10
ONE THIRD DOWN will bold anything until Christmas.
Much in the news this year, this highly controversial record of Senate hearings is act-
ually the secret testimony of Douglass Frank Durham, who faked himself as an Indian
for two years and infiltrated the American Indian Movement and rose to the top with
the major AIM leaders. Filled with leaked papers, FBI bias and rumors.
24
CONFEDERATED UMATILLA JOURNAL, Pendleton, Ore., November 1976
CLASSIFIED
276-8221
CLASSIFIED
LEGAL NOTICES
LEGAL NOTICES
EMPLOYMENT
OPPORTUNITIES
ADVERTISING
in the Business Service Center, Room
440, Federal Bldg., 915 Second Ave.,
or rejection of the bids. All other
PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATOR for
WALT WHITMAN AWARD-$1,000
Seattle, WA 98174, telephone (206)
deposits will be returned. The de-
Rates 10 cents per word per
Yellowhawk Clinic wanted. Plan,
plus publication for book-length
442-5556.
posit of the successful bidder will be
develop & carry out public health
manuscript of poetry. Open only
issue, one dollar minimum.
applied as a part of the purchase
education pgm geared to Umatilla
to poets who have not had a book
Special rates for continuous
advertising. Classified ads
The scope of the project (IOR
price against timber cut on this unit
people. Should be able to use
of poems published. Submit until
must bei paid in advance.
74241) will Include, building restor-
only, or will be retained as liquidated
audiovisual eqpt, prepare teaching
Nov. 15. Send to Walt Whitman
ation and improvements including
damages If the bidder does not exe-
materials, lecturing. GS9-11. Con-
Award, Academy of American Poets
cute the contract and furnish a per-
TQ PLACE: Call (503)
restored entrance hall and corridors,
tact Bruce Campbell, Service Unit
Inc., 1078 Madison Ave., New York,
formance bond in the amount of
276-8221, ask for news-
modernized office spaces, new acou-
Director, Yellowhawk Clinic, Miss-
NY 10028.
Three Thousand Six Hundred Dollars
stical cellings, new lighting, new elev-
ion. Or call (503) 276-3811, Ext.
paper advertising.
ator, new air-conditioning, and cent-
($3,600.00) within 30 days of the
270.
ralized control system with tie-in
acceptance of the bid. The right to
ANIMAL BOOK AWARD-$10,000
waive technical defects and to re-
REMEDIAL READING TEACHER
advance and publication for adult
to Federal Building.
ject any and all bids is reserved.
wanted at Chemawa Indian School.
fiction or non-fiction book relating
Indian preferred. Must have one yr.
to animals. Closes Dec. 31. Write:
LEGAL NOTICES
The bidding range for this project
Before bids are submitted, Inform-
exper. as professional educator. Must
Dutton Animal Book Award, E.P.
is between $1,000,000 and
ation concerning the timber, condit-
have driver's license. For more info
$5,000,000 and a 20% bid guarantee
Dutton & Co., 201 Park Ave. South,
lons of the sale, and the submission
write: Superintendent, Chemawa
is required.
New York, NY 10003.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
of bids should be obtained from the
Indian School, 5495 Chugach St. NE,
Refundable plan deposit in the
Superintendent, Umatilla Indian Ag-
Salem, OR 97303.
The Board of Trustees meets on
ency, P.O. Box 520, Pendleton, OR
INTERRACIAL BOOKS-Five prizes
amount of $100.00 is required for
Nov. 1 at 7:00 p.m. In the Board
97801, or the Area Director, Bureau
of $500 each for children's book
each set of the bidding documents.
Room at Mission. It meets again
of Indian Affairs, P.O. Box 3785,
BOOKKEEPER wanted. $9,246 per
General contractors will be limited
manuscripts by minority writers. Till
Nov. 15 at Mission in the Board
Portland, OR 97208. Dated this
to two sets and subcontractors and
year. Maintain office accountability,
Dec. 31. Write: Contest Director,
Room at 7:00 p.m. These meetings
7th day of October, 1976, at Port-
suppliers to one set.
invoicing under contracts, payroll
Council on Interracial Books for
are open at public.
Nov. 1, 1976.
land, Oregon, Doyce L. Waldrip,
accounting, occasional travel. Con-
Children, 1841 Broadway, New
Assistant Area Director.
tact F.D. Lambert, Executive Direct-
York, NY 10023.
Nov. 6, 1976
or, Northwest Portland Area Indian
GENERAL COUNCIL
Health Board, 1501 Standard Plaza,
SALE OF TIMBER
1100 SW Sixth Ave., Portland, OR
SCHOLARSHIPS AVAILABLE for
The November General Council
EMPLOYMENT
97204. Starts Dec. 6.
students between 13 and 17 to at-
meeting of all tribal members 18
UMATILLA INDIAN
tend creative writing program at
years of age and older will take
RESERVATION
Interlochen Arts Academy, Inter-
place Nov. 11 at 9:00 a.m. at the
ADMIN. OFFICER wanted. GS9-11.
lochen, MI 49643.
Community Center In Mission. Call
Sealed bids, in duplicate, on forms
Resp. for providing adm. support &
276-3165 for key items on agenda.
provided therefor, marked outside
PROPERTY CLERK trainee wanted.
coordination to environmental health
"proposal for Lodgepole Pine Logg-
Must be economically disadvantaged,
services & sanitation facilities con-
PERSONALS
ing Unit," addressed to the Super-
underemployed or unemployed. Will
struction programs. Write Health
TRIBAL ELECTIONS NOV. 26
intendent, Umatilla Agency, Pendle-
receive on-the-job training in procure-
Services Adm., Indian Health Service,
ton, OR 97801, will be received
ment of supplies, equipment. Re-
1220 SW 3rd Ave., Room 476,
WORKING PARENTS contact Day
The 1976 Tribal Election Commit-
until 10:30 a.m., local time, Nov. 24,
sponsible for receiving, storing, issu-
Portland, OR 97204.
Care Center, 276-4258. Good rates.
tee named in September has set
1976, for the purchase of a tract
ing supplies & eqpt. plus compiling
Nov. 26 as Tribal Election Day for
of timber within the Umatilla Indian
and maintaining complete inventory
positions on the Board of Trustees
Reservation described as the LODGE-
and record of all supplies & eqpt. for
SUPPLY MGMT. REP wanted. GS9-
MANY TRAILS AA, 8p.m. Wed-
and General Council. They will be
POLE PINE LOGGING UNIT.
Umatilla Tribe. Must have driver's
11. Provides supervision, technical
nesdays at the Mini Halfway House
held In the community Center
license & car. Contact Tribal Em-
assistance to Portland IHS Central
at Mission. Eye-opener meetings
Board Room from 8:00 a.m. to
The unit includes approximately
ployment Center, P.O. Box 638,
Supply Center serving three states.
at 10:00 a.m. Sundays
8:00 p.m. Nominating petitions
530 acres to be logged and con-
Pendleton, OR 97801 or call (503)
Indian preference applied. Write:
for candidates can be filed until
tains a volume of 2,800,000 feet,
276-8221.
Health Services Administration, Ind-
Nov. 5. Absentee ballots will be
ian Health Service, 1220 SW 3rd
300
B.M., of lodgepole pine. The vol-
sent upon request to all enrolled
ume is an estimate and is not guaran-
Ave., Room 476, Portland, OR
members of the Confederated Tribes.
teed. Each bidder state the
CONTRACTING
SPECIALIST
97204.
Each such request for absentee ballot
price per thousand feet, board
ed. Assist In soliciting bids, execut-
confederated
must be accompanied by individual
measure, Scribner Decimal C Log
ing contracts for eqp., supplies,
signature. All absentee ballots must
Scale, that will be paid for timber cut
professional SVCS., construction, re-
ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN at
umatilla journal
be received by close of voting hours
and scaled. No bid will be consider-
pairs, alterations, maintenance, new
Warm Springs wanted. Assist in
Nov. 26 at 8:00 p.m. Absentee bal-
ed for less than $8.60 per thousand
construction and contracts. Indian
planning, org. and direct construction
CAVILGE
UMATELA
WALLAWALLA
lots can be obtained from Tribal
feet, board measure for lodgepole
preference applied. Contact Health
of Individual & community water
Office, Confederated Tribes, P.O.
pine sawlogs.
Services Adm., Indian Health Service,
supply and waste disposal facilities.
VOL.I.RO.T
Box 638, Pendleton, OR 97801 or
1220 SW 3rd Ave., Rm. 476, Port-
Will operate govt. vehicle. Write
call (503) 276-3165.
Deposits either in the form of a
land, OR 97204.
Warm Springs Indian Health Center,
ARE YOU A COLLECTOR?
certified check, cashier's check, bank
Warm Springs, OR 97761 or call
draft, or postal money order, drawn
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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
INDIAN ARTS AND CRAFTS BOARD
ATTENTION TRIBAL ARTISTS
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20240
NOTICE
ALL TYPES of traditional tribal
arts wanted for Tribal Arts Shop
in new Mission Market. We want
to assure everything we sell Is auth.
TO INDIAN AND ESKIMO ARTISTS, CRAFTSMEN,
entic. We pay fair prices and we do
not take them on consignment.
PERFORMERS AND ORGANIZATIONS
Contact Arts Shop Mgr. Phyllis
Peterson at (503) 276-8772. Store
opening set Oct. 1. Bring your
best to the Tribal Arts Shop. Your
quality work is our desire.
As a special information service, the Indian Arts and Crafts Board
accepts "collect" telephone calls from Indian artists, craftsmen, per-
formers, and organizations who want to contact the Board's professional
staff in Washington, D. C., for advice and assistance.
BAHA'I FAITH
As an advisory and information agency, the Board encourages and
promotes the development of Native American arts and crafts, and seeks
"Trutbfulness is the foundation of all human virtues.
to innovate in the interpretation and preservation of these arts, to foster
Without truthfulness progress and success, in all the
cultural education, and to stimulate support for Native American culture.
worlds of God, are impossible for any soul. When this
The Board does not make grants or loans.
holy attribute is established in man, all the divine qual-
ities will also be acquired."
Through this service for Indian people, the Board will pay the long-
'U'LLAH
distance charge for the telephone call to Washington, D.C. To contact
the Board, you should call between 9 AM and 5 PM Eastern time, and tell
PUBLIC MEETINGS: 7:30 p.m. Wednesdays
your local telephone operator that you want to make a COLLECT CALL
Community Center, Mission, Ore.
to:
FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL 276-8392
Area Code 202 343-3067
A
INDIAN NEWS CLIPS
OFFICE OF INFORMATION
202-343-7445
VOL. 6 No. 45
November 6, 1976
THE NEW YORK TIMES. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1976
Interests Collide Over Puget Sound Fishing
dian tribes in the area must be guaran-
By LES LEDBETTER
.eed the chance to catch 50 percent
Special to The New York Times
CANADA
of the harvestable salmon stock return-
PUGET SOUND, Wash., Oct. 27-It
ing after four years at sea to off-reser-
was wet and cold Monday night aboard
vation waters shared by Indians and
the Keta, a 34-font gillnetter fishing
non-Indians.
boat, as it arrived in Hood Canal, a
Complex Situation
natural arm of Puget Sound, after a
Bellingham
But the situation involves far more
two-hour trip from Seattle, 30 miles
than Indian fishing rights versus the
southeast.
gillnetters.
Bruce Samuelson, the 25-year-old
Also at issue are states' rights, with
owner, master and sole crewman of
state and Federal courts opposing each
the new $50,000 boat, did not seem
other at this point; the changing nature
to notice the steady drizzle or near-
of commercial fishing and fish manage-
freezing temperature as he laid out his
ment as the investment and size of
1,800-foot-long nylon net in the last
fleets grow, and the evolving rights of
light of winter sun.
the Indian tribes.
Nor did Mr. Samuelson or the 30
"The gillnetters cut their own throats
other canal-area gillnetters, fishermen
early this spring when they sided with
who trap salmon by their gills as they
the ocean trollers who opposed any re-
return to nearby spawning grounds,
seem to mind that their fishing has
Everett
strictions on time and places for ocean
fishing," said Donald W. Moos, state
been branded illegal by state agencies
Director of Fisheries.
and a Federal judge or that they have
"So when the trollers had a record
been described as "renegades" destroy-
catch and the sports fishermen had à
ing the salmon fishing industry.
"If I don't fish, the bank takes my
hetter-than-average catch, that was
boat; if I do, the state or Feds will
Seattle
try," said the affable Minnesotan who
Hood Canar
counted against the non-Indian 50 per-
cent quota; and you can't catch a fish
began gillnetting four years ago.
twice," he added. "I am directed by
Reverse Discrimination Cited
the Federal court order to see that In-
"Besides," he added, "the state courts
dians get a chance at 50 percent and
support us in our contention that racial
also seeing that sufficient salmon re-
quotas can't be set no matter what
turn to the streams for propagation."
the Federal judge or the Indians say."
Smaller Indian Fleet
It is this belief that they are suffering
Tacoma
from reverse discrimination that has
Because the Indian fleet is only one-
caused more than 100 gillnetters, to
tenth the size of the commercial fleets
flout a Federal court order and state
WASHINGTON
and because the Indians fish closer to
regulations against fishing in the sound
Olympia
river headwaters, they must be given
0 Miles 20
except on rare occasions.
longer fishing times to catch their
They risk arrest, confiscation of
The New York Times/Oct. 28, 1976
quota.
catches and loss of fishing licenses in
gillnetters. The fisherman admit to har-
Even so, state and Federal officials
confrontations with patrol officers of
assing officials in boats, but deny any'
estimate that the Indians take no more
the Washington Department of Fish-
attempts to drown them or hurt them.
than 12 percent of all the harvestable
eries and Indian tribal police.
The gillnetters and other commerical
salmon that come into the area.
On Sunday night, a gillnetter was
fisherman, along with sports fishermen
shotgunned by a state officer who
and much of the general population
Mr. Moos said that so few salmon
thought the fisherman was about to
here in western Washington, see the
have made it into Puget Sound this
ram the state's smaller boat. The fish-;
fishing problems and confrontations
year that the illegal catches by the gill-
erman remains in serious condition
arising from the February 1974 decision
netters could decimate some hatcheries
with pellets in his head.
by United States District Judge George
and destroy the possibility of sufficient
State and tribal officials say that in
H. Doll.
salmon runs four years from now.
earlier çonfrontations, boats have been
It held that under the provisions of
Mr. Samuelson and other gillnetters
rammed and nearly swamped by angry
several 120-year-old treatles, five In-
dismiss this, saying, "Indians can fish
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR-BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
Constrution
Avenue
N.W.
Washington,
D.C.
20245
right in front of the hatcheries." They
also say that fishermen such as Mr.
BOSTON. MASS.
Samuelson have $10,000 mortgage pay-
ments due on their boats every year.
HERALD AMERICAN
Mr. Samuelson gets $1.05 per pound
D.737,050
of salmon currently, and his average
fish runs around eight pounds each.
"I have a lot of sympathy for the
OCT 21 1976
gillnetters, but there were too many
of them and the number of salmon
were declining even before the Boldt
decision," said James C. Waldo, the
Assistant United States Attorney here
most deeply involved in the fishing
court battles.
Mr. Waldo said that his sympathy
has not permitted his office from hav-
ing the Federal Bureau of investigation
brought into the dispute to see whether
Indian civil rights have been violated
or whether the gillnetters are guilty
of obstruction of justice in opposing
the orders of Judge Boldt.
NEW ENGLAND
The Coast Guard is also expected
to take administrative action very soon
against gillnetters who have used their
Indian claim delay asked
boats "recklessly" during the last
AUGUSTA, Maine-The Justice Dept.
month of confrontation with state and
has asked. a U.S. District Court judge
Indian officials.
The gillnetters have been encouraged
to indefinitely postpone a Nov. 15 dead-
by the fact that state courts have
line for a decision on whether it will
generally dismissed citations against
proceed with a suit by two Indian tribes
them and have ignored Judge Boldt's
claiming 60 percent of Maine's land.
orders by holding that state law pre-
Gov. James B. Longley and Atty. Gen.
vents the Department of Fisheries from
Joseph Brennan were notified yesterday
setting any fishing limits other than
the motion for continuance of the dead-
for conservation.
.line had been filed. Judge Edward T.
These fishermen have even gone to
Gignoux may hold a hearing on the mo-
the State Supreme Court in an effort
tion for continuance before making a
to get an order directing the state to
ruling, Brennan said. "The Justice
ignore Judge Boldt's decision. That case
Dept. has stated it does not know
will be heard Nov. 9.
whether it will continue because of the
"Judge Boldt has great respect for
nature of the claim," said Brennan.
the state's jurists, but there can be no
doubt what the outcome will be if the
state and Federal courts clash." said
Dr. Richard Whitney, the University of
Washington fisheries professor who is
Judge Boldt's technical adviser in the
fishing matter.
"This is the same argument for
states' rights in every civil rights issue
from Mississippi to Boston and they've
gotten nowhere," he added.
"The Indians are entitled by Federal
MILWAUKEE JOURNAL
treaty signed in 1854 and 55 to their
MILWAUKEE, WISC.
fishing and hunting rights in return for
D. 338,103 SUN. 524,947
the land they gave up then," said Alvin
Ziontz, senior partner of the law firm
in Seattle that represents the Lummi
Makah, Quileute, Puyallup, Muckle-
OCT 1 1 1976
shoot and Skokomish Indian tribes in
the current court battles.
Mr. Waldo, who is handling the Unit-
Menominees
ed States prosecution in this case, said
that he felt "the solution is to reduce
Get Mill Aid
the non-Indian fleet and enhance the
salmon runs." He added that the built-
The Bu-
up Indian fleet could provide salmon
of Indian Affairs has
to ro,hthe nation while building new
given $14,400 to the Menesul-
financial bases for the reservations.
nee Tribal Restoration Com-
Forest Kinley, a Lummi Indian, who
mittee to be used for a study
oversees reservation hatcheries, said
of how to profitably operate
the Indians were Still being deprived
a mill to make weod chips.
of their rightful share of salmon "since
The Restoration Commit-
the few that reach us in the rivers must
tee said the chip mill was
generally be spared for spawning."
essential for the maximum
"I don't think a fish is worth the
use of those trees that con-
life of anybody," he added. but if one
tain little lumber material.
of our people is drowned hy those red
The Menominees® current
neck gillnetters, there will be shoot-
ing."
chip operation has been los-
ing money.
Indians Dream of an Island
Seattle
Punit- Entelligencer
in the Funds
OCT 10 1976
By JOHN O'RYAN
As things turned out,
W629nF
The non-Indian land
The Squaxin Indian
waterless, hard-pan
owners retaliated by
Tribe owns about two-
Squaxin Island proved to
starting work on an air-
thirds of an island in
be SO inhospitable few
strip located in the
southern Puget Sound,
Indians ever tried to
midst of a large block
and the Indians are de-
live there.
of non-Indian-held land.
termined that this island
The tribal council then
To make matters
will become the most
worse, through the years
passed a law prohibiting
productive plot of land
members of the tribe
the use of any gas-pro-
in the world.
acquired ownership of
pelled vehicle on Squax-
The tribe wants to be-
plots of land on the res-
in Island. This meant
come prosperous, and
ervation, then sold out
that the moment an air-
the only way this can be
to non-Indians. Often,
plane landed on the is-
the land was sold at ri-
land, the pilot would be
accomplished is to make
diculously low prices.
in violation of reserva-
Squaxin Island pay.
funds to regain property
tion law, and subject to
Unfortunately, the is-
Through this process,
on the island that has
arrest.
land isn't very large,
approximately one-third
has poor soil, and boasts
of the island has fallen
fallen into non-Indian
In this manner, the
no lakes or streams to
into non-Indian owner-
hands, the tribal council
council has managed to
provide water or support
ship. In addition, the
has been forced to take
prevent non-Indian de-
a salmon run.
state took over land on
extraordinary steps to
velopment on the island
Neverthless, if the
the southern tip of the
prevent this property
which would be destruc-
island and established a
from being developed.
tive to the Indians'
tribe's dreams come
public park there.
One summer cabin
plans for the reserva-
true, Squaxin Island will
become an "Indian bo-
Of course, the tribe
was built by a non-Indi-
tion. However, the coun-
an property owner,
cil's actions have not
nanza."
wants to own the entire
island, again. But prop-
there was a possibility
prompted the disgrun-
How can an island five
that others would be
miles long and not
erty values on Puget
tled non-Indian property
Sound have risen so
built, and the threat of
owners to reduce asking
quite a mile wide, with
a summer home devel-
poor soil and no surface
steeply the tribe can't
prices for plots the Indi-
water, become a bonan-
afford to buy back the
opment project on the
ans try to buy back.
island loomed.
The tribe's dream for
za?
land from present own-
The tribe's "trump
the island may seem ex-
ers.
Picture this island
with crops of oysters,
It provides little com-
card" is the fact that
travagant, but portions
the entire island re-
of this dream have al-
clams and goeducks
fort to present-day
growing on its tidelands;
Squaxin Indians to re-
mains an Indian reser-
ready come true. The
flect on the fact that
vation regardless of who
salmon farm and the
a fee campground, res-
tawrant, resort and con-
many years ago some of
owns the land. The Indi-
oyster culture are going
this property changed
ans have the right to
strong, bringing the
vention center for use
hands for considerations
zone the entire island,
tribe substantial profits.
by the public; a small
lumbering industry and
as small as a quart of
and pass laws to govern
The beaches of Squax-
possibly even a marina.
whisky.
the island. Furthermore,
in Island are now pro-
"We'll try to buy a
the Indians own all the
ducing about 100 gallons
Just offshore would be
little bit back each
tidelands on the island,
of oysters a week, and
a great "salmon farm"
year," said Calvin Pe-
SO it is impossible to
Brian E. Johnson, the
where the fish would be
ters, the tribe's energet-
reach the place by boat
tribe's business manag-
reared for a time in net
enclosures, then released
ic chairman. "Maybe
without passing over In-
er, said this production
to go to sea, and har-
some day we'll own it
dian lands.
can be doubled in three
vested with nets when
all again."
There is no bridge
years.
The tribal council is
linking Squaxin Island
The tribe has pur-
they return at maturity
chased the Harstine
to vainly seek a
also wrestling with the
with any other shore.
"spawning river" on
problem of getting the
The council closed the
Oyster Co. located on an
state park off the is-
tidelands to marine traf-
adjacent island. In the
Squaxin Island.
land's south shore. Pol-
fic, except for the public
future, the Indians will
That's the Indian
lution from the horde of
park area. Non-Indian
pack and market their
dream.
pleasure boats that vis-
Squaxin Island land
own oysters.
The Squaxin Tribe
its the park each sum-
owners can reach the is-
The Indians are now
came into possession of
mer weekend is destroy-
land via the park, but
working with University
the island in a "land
ing a portion of the
there are no roads on
of Washington marine
deal" which came about
tribe's oyster farm.
the island, so it is ex-
scientists in a project to
after the signing of the
While trying to raise
tremely difficult for
plant clams on the is-
Medicine Creek Treaty
them to get to their
land's beaches. They
in 1855.
property after landing
hope to develop the
It can hardly be said
on the island.
clams to a profitable
that the Indians got the
commercial harvest.
best of this deal. In ef-
There are clams there
fect, they traded the
now, but not in commer-
land in virtually all the
cial quantities.
inlets of southern Puget
Sound for Squaxin Is-
land.
The Indians have also
land waters have taken
constructed their salmon
too many of them.
farm, which consists of
The Indians have
eight pens off the is-
found that the salmon
land's western shore,
they release under con-
each pen capablee of ac-
tract with the state, to
commodating 50,000 fish.
spend their lives in
Since 1971, they have
southern Puget Sound,
been rearing, and re-
are very small when
leasing, salmon. Some of
they return to spawn.
the salmon are held un-
Probably this is due to
til they are past the age
the fact that feed condi-
when they have seago-
tions in Puget Sound are
ing instincts. and they
not nearly as good as in
stay in southern Puget
Sound when released
the North Pacific Ocean.
from the net enclosures.
Since these mature
These fish. reared under
salmon are SO small
an agreeement with the
they swim right through
state. provide fishing
the mesh of a standard
gillnet, the Indians are
year around for salt wa-
building a fish trap on
ter anglers.
the island to harvest
Other salmon are re-
them.
leased to go to sea, and
Plans for a fee camp-
return at maturity.
ing area, restaurant,
These fish provide in-
convention center and
come for many non-Indi-
marina are earmarked
ans because they must
for the future, but in
run the gauntlet of troll-
ing vessels, charter
view of what the Squax-
boats, and gillnet fisher-
in Tribe has already ac-
men on their journey
complished, who can say
from the ocean back to
these plans are extrava-
southern Puget Sound.
gant?
For some 200 enrolled
members of the tribe,
When salmon reared
and approximately 300
at Squaxin Island return
more people who depend
to spawn, they mill
on the tribe's economy,
around the isle's shores
Squaxin Island provides
vainly searching for
hope for a prosperous
their spawning river or
future.
stream. While they are
It isn't much, as is-
thus engaged, the Indi-
lands go, but in the
ans harvest them in
words of business man-
nets.
ager Brian Johnson:
Last year, the tribe's
"It's all we've got and
fishermen caught 10,000
we love it."
salmon off the island's
shores. This put approxi-
mately $80,000 in the
THE NEW YORK TIMES, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1976
pockets of Squaxin fish-
ermen.
This year, they are
Payment Being Considered
anticipating a return of
20,000 salmon, and the
For Maine Indians' Claim
fish are just beginning
Special to The New York Times
to arrive at the island.
POPRTLAND, Me., Oct. 28 United
As yet, the tribe doesn't
know if it will realize its
States Attorney Peter Mills said today
that the Ford Administration was examin-
anticipated return, or if
ing a land misuse suit filed by two Indian
non-Indian commercial
tribes against the state of Maine.
fishermen and charter
Mr. Mills said that one possible solu-
boats in coastal and in
tion would be to pay off the Indians'
land claims with Federal funds, probably
through an act of Congress.
At a preliminary hearing in the Federal
District Court yesterday, Judge Edward
T. Gignoux agreed to delay until Jan. 15
the hearing on the claims of the Pas-
samaquoddy and Penobscot Indians. The
hearing had been scheduled for Nov. 15.
The two tribes contend that the state
illegally took and subsequently sold 12 to
15 million acres of aboriginal land, about
two-thirds of the state.
JOSEPHY BLASTS BIA
The Denver Post
FORD
DENVER, COLO
U.S. Indian Policy
D. 241,803 SUN. 325.241
LIBL
OCT 17 1976
Fraud, Says Author
to call attention to their grievances and
plight. Historically, that's how it's
going to appear."
By GLENN TROELSTRUP
He said the traditional federal policy of
Denver Post Staff Writer
"assimilating the Indians-turning them
1 Leading American Indian affairs au-
The historian estimated that if responsi-
into white people-had one problem: The
thor. historian and editor Alvin M.
ble white officials and others gain a "re-
nonurban Indians don't want to be like
Josephy Jr. claims U.S. government poli-
alistic" understanding of Indians, their
whites. They don't want to give up their
cy on Indians mostly is "fraudulent and
rights and their heritage, self determina-
own cultural background."
deceitful."
tion could come within five years. Other-
The result, he noted, has been a kind of
The sometimes federal adviser and
wise, he said, it could take up to 20
dreadful stalemate in which the federal
chief editor of American Heritage, Hori-
years.
zons and Americana magazines also calls
Josephy said it was a healthy sign that
govenment "has wasted and misspent a
the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
major corporations and environmentalists
lot of money for unknowledgable pro-
"among the most inept, the worst ele-
finally are communicating directly with
grams imposed on Indians."
ments in the federal bureaucracy. And it
Indians.
JOSEPHY POINTED to the hundred-
always has been."
"Organizations always went to or dealt
fold increase since the mid-1960s in the
in an interview during the Western His-
with federal bureaucrats first," he said.
number of Indians studying in colleges
tory Association's annual conference last
"But now they're realizing they can
and universities.
week at the Denver Hilton Hotel, Josephy
work with and even hire Indians as man-
"They now number 16,000," he said.
criticized the White House, the congres-
agers."
"They're learning to communicate well
sional interior affairs committee majori-
HE SCORED FEDERAL and elected of-
with non-Indians. They're taking control
ties and the BIA.
ficials for "the dreadful mistake" of
of their affairs and speaking for them-
HE CLAIMED THAT since about 1970
-equating the American Indian Movement
selves at a spectacular rate. They don't
Washington's Indian policymakers have
(AIM) with the Black Panthers.
need an inept BIA bureaucracy over
only pretended they are interested in In-
"AIM has deep roots among all types of
them!"
dian self determination.
reservation Indians and helped break
Josephy added: "I also respect the fact
The colorful, onetime Time magazine
down Indian fears of whites," he
that increasingly, Indian writers and his-
associate editor, author of a half dozen
stressed. "It's a reflection of a number of
torians can and must speak for them-
books and special White House report on
Indian groups. Such militants have helped
selves."
take the Indians part of the ay toward
Meantime, he said, Americans become
Indian policies and programs. said
the U.S. government presently has no in-
establishing tribal governments of their
knowledgable about Indians and Indians
own choosing."
must learn more about themselves.
tention of giving up its veto power over
Indian tribal governments. He singled out
Josephy termed what happened at
"General white disinterest has an ele-
government powers over Indian use of
Wounded Knee, S.D., 3½ years ago "a
ment of unreality about it," Josephy un-
reservation mineral and natural re-
desperate attempt of a desperate people
derlined. "We brought on the major
sources.
problems of the Indians but don't want
much to do with realistically solving
That's wrong, Josephy said, since "In-
them. But the Indians own resources the
dians are entitled to their own govern-
whites traditionally want, like water
ments and decisions just as the states
rights, timber and coal. So Indians are
are. Also, their lands aren't part of the
becoming increasingly important to the
public domain. The federal government
health and welfare of this nation. They
should be limited to a purely trustee rela-
and their rights aren't going to just go
tionship with the Indians as a true protec-
away."
tor of their properties."
Josephy, a Democrat. said indications
JOSEPHY SAID historians themselves
are that Indians may fare better under a
have been "derelict in understanding the
Carter administration-but not much
Indians as part of their tendency to sneer
better."
at U.S. Western history. The result is that
they haven't linked it with U.S. national
THE FORD administration even
history as part of the big picture."
show. sings of going back to the termina-
Since taking over the bimonthly Ameri-
tion-amed policy of the 1950s under
can Heritage a half-year ago, the histori-
Eisenhower, he said. "That is, of declar-
an has applied his beliefs. The influential
ing all Indian treaties null and void and
magazine has become much more con-
of turning tribes over to the various
temporary and more Western-history
states. That would be the end of reserva-
oriented in content, he said. In its drive
tions and the Indian culture. And that's
for a circulation of a half million it may
absurd!"
become a soft-cover monthly, with adver-
Josephy claimed federal Indian policy
tisements.
today is like that of the British Colonial
"We're taking today's issues and giving
government in the West Indies two dec-
the historic background," Josephy ex-
ades ago.
Denver Post Photo
plained. "We're not telling what to
That policy, he said, will slow, but not
ALVIN M. JOSEPHY JR.
believe but rather how we got where we
halt, the Indian drive for self determina-
He cited "dreadful mistakes."
are."
tion.
NR. 228 / FREITAG. 8. OKTOBE
976
Commemorating Native American Day, members of the Baumholder military
community, all of them descendants from different Indian tribes, performed
Indian ceremonial and folk dances. Even today these dances play a signi-
ficant role during festive ceremonies of all tribes of American Indians.
A large crowd had gathered to watch and enjoy the presentation of the
Indian dances and the chief on horseback on the PX parking lot. The horse
had been furnished through the kindliness of Mr. Ottfried Walter. The
dances were preceeded by a concert of the 8th Infantry Division Band from
Bad Kreuznach.
Indian Heads Favor
Carter Over Ford
SALT LAKE CITY (AP)
atives passed resolutions call-
resolution condemning a Sen-
Leaders of an organization
ing for complete tribal sov-
ate Internal Security subcom-
representing 113 tribes deman-
ereignty, treaty security,
mittee report labeling the
ding more control over Indian
greater control of reservation
American Indian Movement "a
affairs say they're doubtful of
natural resources and more
frankly revolutionary or-
Ford administration Indian
funding with fewer govern-,
ganization which is committed
policies and lean toward prom-
ment strings.
to violence."
ises by presidential candidate
Tonasket and Trimble
AIM spokesman David Hill,
Jimmy Carter.
criticized Interior Secretary
a 33-year-old Choctaw, charac-
However, the tribal leaders,
Thomas Kleppe's handling of
terized the report as "a tactic
meeting this week as the
Indian affairs. Trimble said
used by the federal govern-
National Congress of American
Kleppe's attitude toward Indi-
ment to lend credibility to
Indians and representing the
ans is one of "benign neglect,"
police brutality and assasina-
country's one million native
while Tonasket said Kleppe
tion," and similar to earlier
Americans, said the congress
and some on his staff "come
government pronouncements
would remain nonpartisan in
from corporate interest back-
about the Black Panthers.
the presidential campaign.
grounds."
Many Indian leaders say
Charles Trimble, Oglala-
Trimble said Indians have
they are hopeful about getting
Sioux and NCAI executive
always felt "the government
the changes they call for, but
director noted that Carter
should get the hell out of the
feel Indians will get little help
promised Indian leaders two
way and let Indians handle
from the federal government
weeks ago he would consult
things themselves."
without making constant de-
them before making appoint-
He predicted that a "super
mands.
ments to agencies that affect
Indian agency" incorporating
"When you grow up in
Indians.
all Indian related services will
Oklahoma, as I did, and see a
"If he reneges on that, the
be a reality within four years.
sign on a reservation clinic
whole world is going to know,"
However, he said, if the rec-
that reads, Emergency Dental
said Mel Tonasket, NCAI pres-
ommendation is not made
Care Available Every Third
ident and a member of the
cautiously, a number of tribes
Saturday,' you realize early on
Colville Tribe.
would oppose it.
what dians are up against,"
The NCAI's 3,000 represent-
The NCAI expects to pass a
said NCAI staffer Suzan Harjo.
Montoya
Pledges
Indian
Hospitals
By LARRY CALLOWAY
Marlene Huffner, director of
Montoya has said he expects
imum wage in order to de-
Associated Press Writer
the Navajo Area Indian Health
overwhelming majorities
crease unemployment. The ref-
THOREAU, N.M. (AP) -
Service, who gave the project
among New Mexico Indians.
erence apparently was to a
Democratic Sen. Joseph M.
statement Schmitt made in
top priority.
At a senior citizens' lunch in
Montoya's campaign pledge to
Albuquerque that exempting
He also told the rally,
Gallup, the senator said
New Mexico Indians is that he
students from the minimum
"We're going to start on a
Schmitt "has come out against
will build new Indian hospitals
wage would increase their job
program of vocational and
everything except federal aid
and vocational schools if he's
opportunities.
technical education for Indians
to himself."
re-elected.
"He must have learned his
across this country."
He attacked Schmitt's year
economics on the moon," Mon-
He told Navajos at a rally in
Montoya's basic pledge is to
the Thoreau firehouse that his
of study nearly 20 years ago
toya said. "Let us wake up to
work for a 10-year construction
under a U.S. government
this man. He will not vote for
opponent, Republican Harrison
program of $100 million in new
Fulbright scholarship.
"Jack" Schmitt, "is not going
one thing that helps people."
Indian schools.
to vote one nickel up in
The senator continued his
"He didn't want to go to the
Also in Gallup, the senator
Washington."
schools here. He went to
all-out attack on Schmitt,
told 40 officers at the Gallup
The senator renewed his
Norway under a Fulbright
Police Department that he
saying, "He's running on a
pledge to do all he can to build
scholarship. He thought he
favors some sort of federal aid
campaign that Washington
a new hospital at the Navajo
learned a lot. Now he's trying
to increase their salaries.
shouldn't spend any money for
community of Crownpoint.
education. He's been telling
to do away with Social Secur-
"I don't mind saying that I
"Next year, I'm going to
that all over the state. But, by
ity," Montoya told the elderly
think policemen are underpaid
start doing something about
gosh, he's not going to get to
group.
for the risks they take. I hope
it," he said.
do that because the Navajo
The senator also introduced
that someday our state legisla-
He had made the same
people are going to support Joe
a new charge, that Schmitt
tures and the federal govern-
pledge a month ago to Dr.
Montoya."
wants to cut the federal min-
ment will work out a partner-
ship arrangement to provide
better salaries for the law
enforcement personnel of this
Arizona Republic
Higher payment is sought
OCT 2 5 1976
Navajos threaten to sue Utah coal firm
By BILL DONAVAN
ton. The power plant is adjacent to the
of the Utah coal lease along the same
Utah coal field.
lines would net the tribe more than $2
WINDOW ROCK - Navajo Tribal
Chairman Peter MacDonald is threaten-
million more annually on coal royalties
MacDonald and the tribe's general
just from the sales made by Utah
ing Utah International Inc. with a law-
counsel. George Vlassis, met with repre-
International to the Four Corners plant.
suit unless the coal company agrees to
sentatives of the coal company last
renegotiate its agreement with the tribe.
week in San Francisco and told them of
MacDonald said the tribe has been
th e tribe's dissatisfaction with the
The 1957 agreement, which one tribal
trying to renegotiate the present agree-
contract.
ment for five years with no success.
official calls "legalized stealing," allows
Utah International to purchase coal
During the meeting, MacDonald said
Utah International, MacDonald said,
from the tribe for about 17 cents a ton.
the tribe recently renegotiated its agree-
claims it is obligated by contracts to sell
The company, according to the New
ment with El Paso Natural Gas and
the coal to its customers at 1957 prices.
Mexico Department of Revenue, sells
Consolidated Coal Co. to give the tribe a
the same coal to the Four Corners
minimum of 55 cents a ton royalty.
If that is the case, MacDonald said,
Power Plant in Shiprock, N.M., for $7 a
Tribal officials estimate that revision
the tribe may have to put pressure on
Utah International customers to get the
company back to the bargaining table.
One of Utah's customers that the tribe
is expected to seek help from is the
Western Gasification Co., which is ne-
gotiating with the tribe for permission to
establish several coal gasification plants
south of Shiprock.
WESCO has a contract with Utah
International to supply the coal for the
plants. Tribal officials have indicated
they may view the gasification proposal
more favorably if the coal contract is
renegotiated.
MacDonald has placed a four-month
deadline on negotiations with Utah Inter-
national. If the company still refuses to
negotiate a new contract by then, he
said, the tribe will take the matter to
OCT 2 4 1976
Farmington Daily Times
federal court in an attempt to get the
lease canceled,
At Teecnospos School
Education Day Observed
TEECNOSPOS, Ariz.-Anita
Distingushed guests at the
with school principal Calvin
Pfeiffer, professor of elemen-
event included two educators
Lucus.
tary education at the Univer-
from the Soviet Union: Leyla
Centered at the UNM, they
sity of New Mexico, was guest
Menabde, detective head of the
will tour the reservation
speaker Friday at Navajo
57th secondary school in the
further this week.
Education Day assembly at
province of Georgia; and
Teacher aides were also
Teecnospos Boarding School.
Valmer Kokkrpa head of fore-
honored with a plaque during
She spoke on the Navajo
ign language and chairman of
the ceremony. They include
Division of Education goals,
the Pallinn Polytechnic In-
Annie Tso of Shiprock Junior
which include establishment of
stitute in Estonian province.
High, Robert Holly of Aneth
an academy on the reserva-
A school spokesman said the
(Utah) Boarding School and
tion. Initial plans, she said,
Soviets asked many questions
Irene Tso of Red Mesa, Ariz.
call for 25 students. The
about the educational structure
About 200 students from
academy would be part of an
and about the Navajo way of
grades kindergarten through
exchange program with
life. They toured the school,
eight, staff and faculty at-
Eastern schools.
primarily the reading labs,
tended the ceremony.
Firm linked to $500,000 in Navajo payments
OCT 25 1976
Arizona Republic
Associated Press
financial irregularities on
transferred $13,297,162 in
have
been
invested
in
been recovered from
the reservation.
Department of Housing
short-term
ALBUQUERQUE - A
government
American Funding, which
and Urban Development
California investment
securities.
was placed in receiver-
Miller, according to
funds to American Fund-
ship March 22 by a feder-
firm paid nearly $500,000
federal court documents
ing. The money was to
All but $4,399,327 has
al court order.
in commissions to individ-
uals associated with con-
struction work on the
Navajo Reservation, the
Associated Press has
learned.
Among those receiving
finder's fees or commis-
sions, from American
Funding Corp. were Pat
Chee Miller and Leslie J.
Hadden, both of Gallup.
Farmington Daily Times
OCT 26 1976
The payments were
both in cash and check, ac-
On Navajo Nation
Some 220 individuals ap-
peared on the program last
cording to documents
Press Center Planned
year to give Navajos their
made available by reser-
views on issues and programs.
vation sources.
The commission plans to
In addition, $44.464 was
construct a mass communica-
WINDOW ROCK, Ariz.-
grams for the Navajo Film port," aired on KOAT in
contributed in 1975 to the
tions center on the reservation.
Recent acquisition of technical
and Media Commission.
Albuquerque, N.M. and KOAI
Navajo Housing Authority
"We would rather have our
equipment from CBS television
Studios are also expected to
in Flagstaff.
by the Beverly Ilills com-
own studios, personnel and
network may mean a local
reduce the amount of travel
pany, the documents
Requests for appearances on
studio in Window Rock and
equipment to do the job right
involved for persons appearing
disclose.
those programs are increasing,
rather than expand the cov-
easier dissemination of pro-
on "The Navajo Nation Re-
according to Ray Gilmore,
erage of a station that is off
Miller was executive
chairman of the Navajo Film
the reservation," Gilmore
director of the authority
and Media Commission, who
said.
until he resigned in April.
sees the requests as en-
The community of Chilchin-
couragement for the program.
Hadden and Miller are
beto more than a year ago
"Although there are no funds
under investigation by a
approved location of a Navajo
to help us defray the produc-
Mass Communications center
federal grand jury in
tion costs, the program now
there.
Phoenix and the U.S.
goes into its fourth year of
Hopefully, Gilmore says, the
Attorney's office.
continuous broadcasting from
project will drav reservation
The jury, has been
Flagstaff and Albuquerque,"
communities together through
investigating alleged
Gilmore said.
better communications.
Indian Control
Test Asked
Commissioner Suggests Experiment
On Reservation Law and Order Control
SALT LAKE CITY (AP) - An exper-
for three or four years to see if it works.
U.S. history.
iment should be conducted to determine
However, he said the issue would ulti-
The commissioner was critical of a
if Indian tribes can be given complete
mately have to be resolved by Congress.
recent controversy among Indians
control of law and order within reserva-
He said the problem arose partly from
sparked by a memo written by Howard
tion boundaries, the commissioner of
a government policy in the late 1930s
Bergstrom, a federal budget examiner.
U.S. Indian Affairs has suggested.
which allowed non-Indians to own some
Indians at the convention had said it ad-
In an interview Tuesday. Morris
reservation land. T! mpson said the
vocated a bad method of terminating
Thompson said the issue of an Indian
non-Indian argues he has no voice in tri-
federal relations with Indians.
tribe's jurisdiction over non-Indians liv-
bal government and therefore should
Thompson called the interpretation
ing on reservations is a new and impor-
not be subject to its police power.
"a complete misrepresentation of the
tant one to Indians. "Most tribes feel
The tribes argue they should have
facts" and said the memo expressed
fully capable of serving Indians and
complete control. he said, notimg that
Bergstrom's views and not those of the
non-Indians within their borders," he
when Indians venture off reservations;.
government.
said.
they too are under the jurisdiction of a
Thompson was here to address the
local government in which they may
On the political panel, both David
convention of the National Congress of
have no voice.
Berg of Carter's issues staff and Brad-
American Indians, attended by rep-
Thompson, 37, an Athabascan Indiam
ley Patterson, White House coordinator
resentatives of more than 100 tribes.
from Tanana, Alaska, has been Indiam
of Indian policies, said their man would
Delegates also heard representatives
affairs commissionar since December
do the most for native Americans.
of President Ford and Democratic pres-
1973, and will leave the post next month
Berg said there is no real advocate for
idential candidate Jimmy Carter dis-
to become a vice president of Alcam
Indians in the government while Patter-
cuss issues affecting Indians. The mod-
Pipeline Co., involved in constucting a
son said there are hundreds.
erator noted neither representative was
natural gas pipeline across Canada.
"The government must recognize its
an Indian and asked. jokingly, why both
In his convention address, Thompson
treaty obligations with American In-
candidates sent "these turkeys in-
said there had been a revolution in the
dians." said Berg, adding that until
stead.
Bureau of Indian Affairs in the last eight
progress is made, many Indians will
referred to controversies
years, with Indians finally speaking for
remain poverty-stricken and plagued
over Indian claims of law and order
Indians.
with health problems and substandard
jurisdiction in Utah and other states. He
"The agency is 120 years old. But it
housing.
said a program allowing one or two
wasn't until 1966 that the first personsof
Patterson said the federal budget for
tribes complete control could be tried
Indian extraction headed the agency."
Indians has increased fourfold. He re-
he said. Thompson added that now all
ferred to Carter's proposal for revised
but one of the top seven positions in the
budgeting and asked what this would
bureau are staffed by Indians.
mean to the Indian people.
Thompson said that in the last six
Berg countered that 88 per cent of the
GALLUP
INDEPENDENT
years, "the historical erosion of the
budget goes for administration.
amount of lands owned by the Indians,
OCT 2 0 1976
has been reversed. He said that in 1971,
a land settlement giving Indians 40 mill-
ion acres in Alaska was the largest in
Relocation Commission under pressure
Urbano took exception to Ruzow's
Urbano reacted with particular anger
By JERRY KAMMER
correction of what Ruzow called "un-
to Ruzow's statement that "the best
WINDOW
ROCK
Pointed
criticism
by
clear" or "awkward" sections within the
thing that could be done with the pro-
a lawyer representing the Navajo tribe
of the proposed regulations of the
proposed regulations, which had been
posed regulations would be to flush
Navajo-Hopi Relocation Commission has
drafted by the commission's attorney. J.
them. a luxury that the indigent Navajos
provoked an angry reply from a member
Leo Crowley of Flagstaff.
of the Joint-use Area can only contemp-
Resents 'Flush' Suggestion
late."
of the commission.
"Had you suggested changes in a more
Calling the remark "a vulgarity un-
The Reverand Paul Urbano, reloca-
tion commissioner and Episcopal minis-
friendly manner, they would have been
worthy of comment," Urbano said it
ter from Phoenix, said he felt com-
most gratefully received." Urbano
showed "a poverty of language."
stated. "But the commission did not
"I hope I will not have the displeasure
pelled by "a sense of personal outrage"
to respond to the "gratuitously insult-
engage Mr. Crowley as a stylist or gram-
of encountering you again." the reply
ing evaluation of the proposed regula-
marian: we engaged him for his knowl-
concluded. "But, if I do, I trust I will find
tions by lawyer Larry Ruzow.
edge of the law."
continued on page 6
Ruzow is a partner in the Phoenix law
firm. Vlassis. Ruzow and Linzer, which
has been engaged as the general counsel
of the Navajo tribe.
"Is it your custom to denigrate
everyone, or have you determined in
your manners improved. You should not find that difficult to accomplish."
your own mind that we are adver-
The letter to Ruzow began bluntly, without the use of the traditional "Dear" in the salutation
saries?" Urbano asked. Urbano said he
- Urbano said the omission was "intentional."
could "hardly see the necessity for
Called Totally Inappropriate'
heaping invective upon the honest ef-
Ruzow's evaluation of the proposed regulations was contained in a letter sent to relocation
forts of the relocation commission. which
commission Chairman Hawley Atkinson on Oct. 6. It consisted of two parts: A five-page critique
is after all an agency created to reduce
of the procedures detailed in the proposed regulations and a 10-page, paragraph-by-
the pains of relocation as much as
paragraph correction of "unclear" or "awkward" statements.
The entire tenor of the regulations assumes that the population affected is Paradise Valley,
possible."
Established in July of last year under
Ariz., or New Ganaan, Conn., or Georgetown," Ruzow stated, noting these areas have popula-
tions "which are suburban, highly literate in English, possessing considerable wealth, and
provisions of federal legislation to settle
transient in nature. In the face of population described as poor rural, with little English language
the Navajo-Hopi land dispute, the
skills and a strong attachment to the land. the regulations are totally inappropriate."
relocation commission is mandated to
administer the forced relocation of the
Claims Shortcomings
several thousand Navajos and some 30
Ruzow listed six specific points to support his assertion of the inadequacy of the regulations:
- Failure by the commission to accept responsibility to select sites to which relocatees are to
Hopis after a partition of the disputed
be moved.
Joint-use Area between the two tribes.
- Failure to comply with the provisions of the federal Uniform Relocation Assistance Act
Governing moving payments.
-- Failure to state how the commission will assure that water and sanitation facilities will be in
1976
place before relocation occurs at sites Mentified for the relocatees. (Federal land dispute
OCT
1
legislation requires that such facilities be provided).
- Failure to discuss procedures under which the commission will acquire the land to which the
QUA'TOQTI
relocatees will be moved.
- Failure to appreciate the problems of giving notice to a population, most of which do not
speak or read English, and who lack telephone service, poor roads and no home delivery of mail.
- Failure to establish offices in the Joint-use Area to allow persons to be relocated to express
their concerns and seek information.
Marks Low Point
The furor over the proposed regulations marks a new low point in the relations between the
relocation commission and the Navajo tribe. The Navajos have been openly hostile to Urbano and
Atkinson since the third member of the three-man commission. former Zuni Gov. Robert Lewis.
two months ago announced his intentions to resign from the commission.
Shortly after Lewis' announcement, Marlin Scott, chairman of the Navajo Land Dispute
Commission. issued 1 statement accusing Atkinson and Urbano of "ignorance and : liference."
Lewis has refund public comment. but sources close to the former Zuni governor say at IN :d
Urbano and sponsive to the needs of the some 3,500 Navajos who face forced
relocation under terms of a federal court ordered settlement to the land dispute.
Lewis has not submitted a formal letter of resignation and will reportedly rejoin the
commission if the Rev. Urbano and Atkinson are replaced.
Other Developments
in other related lopments. Hawley Atkinson says he does not know if he will have to
resign his contrassion post it he is lected to the Maricopa County board of supervisors Nov. 2.
If Fairer in office for a time that there is a conflict. do
the right thing. said Atkinson. He diclined to state what the Tright thing might admined
it would 1,1 diffick position.
The preside in the can it, is Club, in 3
supervisors in heavily Republican Maricopa County. Although Atkinson is expected 10 will
election. he insisted he is "running scared."
The commissioners are paid on a per day basis at the GS-18 level - approximately $1.0 per
day.
GALLUP INDEPENDENT
"Coming"
OCT 2 1 1976
By LAURIE BURNETT
WINDOW ROCK, Ariz. (Dine Bureau)
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
- The new director of the Navajo Hous-
Development (HUD), the investment
Farmington Daily Times
ing Authority (NHA) says he is confident
firm was placed in receivership. The
the $4 million owed to NHA by American
tribe has been trying to collect that
OCT 2 0 1976
Funding. a now defunct Los Angeles in-
money since January.
Trouble With Others
vestment firm, will be fully recovered
by Jan. 1.
Meanwhile NHA is having trouble col-
Suit Seeks
Immediate sale of assets of American
lecting other debts - those owed by re-
Funding is now being arranged by NHA
servation residents living in the low cost
Ruling On
attorneys. The assets. which include a
housing provided by NHA.
casino in Las Vegas and a convalescent
"The project directors report that
Jurisdiction
home and five story bank building in Los
people who are not paying their rent or
Angeles. are not controlled by he
mortgage are refusing because they
WINDOW ROCK, Ariz. (AP)
Navajo Tribe. as a result of a decision
don't think they should have to pay to an
-A lawsuit filed in U.S. Dis-
last March by the U.S. District Court in
opertion that made what they believe
trict Court in Phcenix, Ariz.,
Los Angeles to place the investment
were improper investments in a
contends Indian reservation
firm in receivership.
California company," Johnson said.
residents cannot be jailed by
"The $4 million check must clear the
Rent and mortgage payments to NHA
municipal officers for minor
bank before we agree to cancel our re-
have averaged 68 per cent of that owed
traffic offenses.
ceivership or to again call off the public
for the past three months. compared to
The suit was filed by DNA, a
sales of the assets," said Richard John-
80 110 per cent (including back pay-
legal services organization on
son, who was named NHA director two
ments) which has previously been col-
the Navajo Reservation.
weeks ago. He added that American
lected by NHA each month. according to
It alleges specifically that
Funding assets are worth well over the
Johnson.
Flagstaff, Ariz., police officers
needed $4 million. The firm also owes
By not paying they are jeopardizing
violate the U.S. Constitution by
money to ther credtitors. but according
future housing on the reservation. said
arresting Indians for the of-
to the district court ruling, the tribe has
Johnson.
fenses, when they don't arrest
first claim to the assets.
This year HI D is funding fewer hous-
non-Indians. The DNA said the
A public sale date for the assets had
ing units than in previous years, accord-
practice constitutes a denial of
previously been set for Sept. 20. That
ing to Johnson. This decrease is a result
equal protection.
was canceled. however, upon request by
of both NHA's investments in American
DNA attorney Bob Miller
American Funding representatives who
Funding and the lack of rent and mort-
said normally when a person is
claimed the firm had acquired $4 million
gage payments he said.
stopped for a minor offense, he
from other sources.
For fiscal year 1977 HUD has supplied
or she is allowed to pay the
"Our lawyers agreed in good faith to
funds for the construction of 480 homes
fine immediately or report
the cancellation." Johnson said. "But
on the reservation. However. there is an
later for a court hearing.
American funding never came up with
estimated need for 12.000 more houses
But Miller said Indians are
any letter of intent to send the money to
here. said Johnson.
not given the alternative of
us."
appearing in court at a later
So Johnson then requested the tribe's
date. They either pay the fine,
lawyers to set up a new sale date for the
or are jailed, he said.
assets. That dates will be announced by.
Flagstaff police say they
the district court shortly.
follow the practice because
The $4 million owed NHA is the result
Navajo police don't cooperate
of a more than $13 million investment
with them in efforts to serve
made by a former NHA head over a
warrants on reservation Indi-
period of 18 months before the beginning
ans who have not appeared for
of this year. After it was discovered that
hearings or paid their fines.
American Funding was unable to im-
Navajo Police Chief Roland
mediately return $4.5 million of that
Dart said last year in U.S.
money to NHA, which is funded by the
Civil Rights Commission hear-
ings that his officers were
ready to cooperate.
Albuquerque Journal
Firm Paid Fees
OCT 2 1 1976
The report also shows that "Shi-
prock Investments L. Hadden" re-
ceived $50,825 in commission expense.
On Navajo Work
Window Rock Constructors also was
listed as receiving $6,209, Eldred
$78,847 and Miller $5,850.
By HOWARD GRAVES
The report listed under commission
Associated Press Writer
income "$47,015, Loan No. 606, Win-
On June 18, 1974, Miller issued a
dow Rock." There was no further ex-
A California investment firm paid
$3,797,162 check to American Funding
planation.
nearly $500,000 in commissions to in-
for investment purposes. On Dec. 13,
dividuals associated with construction
1974, the investment firm received $7
million in cashier's checks drawn on
A Harvey Sitzer, identified only as
work on the Navajo Reservation, The
Associated Press has learned.
NHA's account at Great Western Bank
an attorney, received nearly $20,000
in Window Rock, Ariz., the Navajo cap-
from AFC for services in connection
Among those receiving finder's fees,
ital. On Jan. 31, 1975, another $2.5 mil-
with Window Rock Constructors.
or commissions, from American Fund-
lion in cashier's checks were issued
ing Corp. were Pat Chee Miller and
American Funding from the NA ac-
A William Goldberg, also identified
Leslie J. Hadden, both of Gallup.
count and with Miller's authorization.
as an attorney, received nearly $35,000
for services and commissions in
The payments were both in cash and
American Funding paid NHA $704,-
connection with Window Rock Con-
check, according to documents made
069 in interest on the loans, according
structors.
available to a reporter by reservation
to a May 21, 1976 report to the court-
sources.
appointed receiver from the Los Ange-
les accounting firm of Elmer Fox,
A May 22, 1974, dated check was
In addition, $44,464 was donated or
Westheimer & Co.
paid by AFC to Miller for "Finder's fee
- Farmington National Bank, loan No.
contributed in 1975 to the Navajo
Housing Authority (NHA) by the Bev-
The certified public accountant's
958."
erly Hills company, the documents
report shows that American Funding
disclose.
paid $451,419 in commission expenses
An Aug. 15, 1975, dated check listed
to various individuals and companies.
$2,000 payment to Miller for "Finder's
Miller was executive director of the
authority until he resigned last April.
Among companies with whom Amer-
fee cons. loan - San Juan Bank, loan
No. 958."
ican Funding made loans or made
Hadden and Miller both are under
payments was Window Rock Construc-
investigation by a federal grand jury
tors, Inc., incorporated in Arizona on
Tobie D. Hall, Farmington National's
in Phoenix, Ariz., and the U.S. attor-
March 5, 1973.
president since January 1975, said, "I
ney's office. The jury, assisted by a
con't know anything about any of these
special Justice Dept. task force and
Hadden was listed as vice president
things."
the Federal Bureau of Investigation,
and secretary. Leonard Arviso, a Na-
for months has been investigating al-
vajo from Window Rock, was listed as
ledged financial irregularities on the
president-treasurer.
Hall also said, "We have no records
reservation.
at all of him (Miller) ever borrowing
Arviso is an uncle of Miller's wife.
from us."
Miller, according to federal court
He also is a fulltime tribal employe.
documents, transferred $13,297,162 in
On March 2, 1973, Tribal Chairman
Miller was an organizer of San Juan
U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban De-
Peter MacDonald wrote a HUD offi-
National Bank in Farmington. He re-
velopment (HUD) funds to American
cial in Los Angeles recommending
signed as a director earlier this year,
Funding. The monies were to have
Window Rock Constructors to under-
according to a bank source.
been invested in short-term govern-
take home construction on the reser-
ment securities.
vation.
The source, who declined public
The Housing Authority was estab-
MacDonald's letter said the firm
identity, said no San Juan National
lished in 1963 to handle HUD funds for
construction of low rent, low income
was 75 per cent Navajo owned and
Bank directors ever received loans
controlled. The letter also said the
from American Funding.
housing on America's largest Indian
reservation.
company had arranged "adequate fi-
nancing and bonding to $14 million."
At some time in 1975, the source
All but $4,399,327 has been re-
said, American Funding loaned $75,000
covered from American Funding,
Fox-Westheimer's report showed
to the bank. But the bank's then presi-
which was placed in receivership by a
American Funding had paid $11,207
dent, Homer Starr, returned the mon-
federal court order last March 22.
between March 18, 1975, and June 10,
ey to AFC. The source said this money
1975, to Window Rock Constructors
was to have been used for operating
U.S: District Court documents in Los
for various services. Included in that
expenses until San Juan National re-
Angeles show Miller first reported his
amount was an April 11, 1975, dated
crived its federal charter. The bank
placement of the HUD funds with
check listed as "Finder's fee . F. Na-
opened for business early this year.
American Funding until last February.
tional Bank."
NHA has filed suit in Los Angeles to
The source said this might have
recover money owed it by AFC.
The accountant's report also shows
been in reference to the Aug. 15, 1975,
American Funding's senior vice presi-
finder's fee check to Miller.
dent, A. Gordon Eldred, arranged for
$3.000 to be paid in cash to Hadden.
Tribe
Says
To
Police
Power
By BILL DONOVAN
The council voted 42-5 to table a resol-
ried about what would happen to those
A BIA official said Friday that nor-
WINDOW ROCK (Dine Bureau) -
ution which would have supported a tri-
Navajo employes working in the BIA
mally when a tribe takes over supervi-
The Navajo Tribal council decided
bal takeover of the special law enforce-
Law Enforcement Program.
sion of a formerly-BIA program and
Thursday that the tribe is not ready yet
ment program of the Bureau of Indian
A spokesman for the Navajo Police
does not want the employe, the BIA
to take over all law enforcement protec-
De₁ artment, which would have taken
makes every effort to relocate the emp-
Affairs.
tion on the 25,000 square mile reserva-
According to the debate on the floor,
over the duties of their BIA counter-
loye in another BIA position.
tion.
many member of the council were wor-
parts, told the council that the 17 special
The normal procedure is to review the
employe's qualifications and then try
law enforcement officers for the BIA
and find a position within the area that
would have to join the tribal police de-
would match these qualifications. In
GALLUP INDEPENDENT
partment as patrolmen.
some cases the employe may have to be
The police spokesman said that it
downgraded (go to a lower GS rating at a
would not be fair to officers now working
lower salary) if there were no job open-
OCT 2 2 1976
for the police department nor would it
Ings at his GS rating.
help morals to allow BIA personnel to
Another possibility although one not
take over high ranking positions when
used very often, would be to transfer the
vacancies occur.
employe to a similar position in another
The tribal police force currently has
area, if there was a position open in that
jurisdiction only over misdemanor
area.
cases, leaving felony cases to the FBI
"In any case," the BIA official said,
and the BIA. However, according to
"the BIA bends over backwards to make
Navajo Tribal Police Supt. Roland Dart,
sure that the employe does not suffer
the tribe has had to do most of the felony
because of the tribe's decision to con-
investigations as well, since the BIA is
tract the program."
understaffed to handle that function.
Shiprock Factory
Plans Are Off
By JERRY KAMMER
and they felt it was more economically
The AIM members were protesting
sound to locate there," Crowder said.
WINDOW ROCK, Aiz. (Dine Bureau)
layoffs at the plant as well as alleged low
GALLUP INDEPENDENT
Representatives of the Office of Prog-
salaries and poor working conditons.
- Officials of the General Dynamics
ram Development had been meeting
The shutdown left some 450 Navajos
Corp. have decided not to establish an
with General Dynamics officials for
without jobs.
OCT 1 2 1976
electronics assembly plant in Shiprock,
several months to dicuss the establish-
chosing instead a company-owned plant
Crowder emphasized that General
ment of a plant in Shiprock. Optimism
in Arkansas, the head of the Navajo
Dynamics officials voiced "complete
Tribe's legal department said Tuesday
was high in Window Rock as recently as
satisfaction" with the facility they oper-
late September that the deal would go
ate in Fort Defiance. He also held out
morning.
through.
Lou Crowder said General Dynamics
hope that a second General Dynamics
An econmic planner for the Office of
officials, in announcing the termination
facility might be established on the re-
Program Development said fate last
servation some time in the future.
of negotiations with the tribe had found
month that the plant would have pro-
Shiprock "very attractive."
A General Dynamics official said that
vided work for several hundred persons,
"The deciding factor was that they
some 270 persons are employed at the
most of whom would have been elec-
had a plant lying unused in Arkansas
Fort Defiance facility. He said approx-
tronic assemblers.
imately 95 per cent are Indian.
Had the deal gone through, General
Dynamics would have located in the
tribally-owned building formerly used
by the Fairchild Semiconductor Corp.
Fairchild closed operations in Shiprock
in March of last year following an eight
day takeover of the plant by rifle-
carrying members of the American In-
dian movement (AIM)
Navajos
Win
DDD
Apach
GALLUP INDEPENDENT
OCT
19
197F
Supreme Court Denies
Reapportionment Appeal
"I think it's conceivable that if you
By ROSS BECKER
want to spend $50,000 on a lobbyist or
case. "They were astonished" when
ST. JOHNS - With a one-sentence
two" during a two to three year period
they learned of the federal panel deci-
statement, the U.S Supreme Court
laws could be changed, he said during
sion. he said.
ended the legal battle surrounding
the meeting.
Brad Patterson. a special presidental
Apache County reapportionment,
Mitchel Platt, a St. Johns attorney. told
Sees Sympathy for South
assistant for Indian Affairs and Kent
the county board of supervisors Mon-
During a recent Arizona Town Hall
Frizzel. of the Interior Dept identified
day.
meeting, Platt learned that there is "a
by Platt as the officials, could not be
lot of sympathy all over the state" for
reached for comment.
The court had denied a county appeal
of a federal court ruling that placed two
the Apache County situation, he said.
Platt said he told Patterson and Friz-
Although some legislators are sym-
zel that there are two solutions for the
of the three board districts within
Navajo Reservation boundaries.
pathetic to the problem. none said the"
Apache County situation. One solution is
would fight the issue for the southern
to "get rid of reservations entirely."
Before reapportionment, two of the
county residents, Platt said.
Platt said.
districts were located in the off-
If the matter is brought before the
Another solution would be to either
reservation southern portion of the
county. That area includes about one
state legislature. Platt predicted. Legis-
make reservation residents responsible
sixth of the county's population of al-
lators would dodge the issue by claiming
to county Laws or cancel any participa-
that the matter had already been de-
tion in county affairs for persons living
most 42,000 persons.
Platt, who has represented the county
termined by the courts.
on reservantns, Platt said.
in the more-than-three-year battle, re-
"Everyone keeps trying to pass the
"You're-mot going to terminate reser-
ceived a letter from the Supreme Court
buck between one branch (of govern-
vations without strong opposition from
last week, he said. The only addition to
ment) and the other," he said.
the tribe," the said.
the form letter he received denying the
Because two-thirds of the reservation
The two government officials "didnt
voters would have to vote in favor of a
appeal was a statement that "the judg-
express opinions one way or another"
ment (of the paneD is affirmed."
about the reapportionment Platt said.
That decision by a panel of three fed-
county split. Platt said he visualized lit-
'Want Money for Reservation'
eral judges insures that the new board
tle chance of that alternative succeed-
Throughout the lengthy court battle
which takes office on Jan. 1. will be con-
ing. he said.
Platt has said that Navajo Reservation
trolled by reservation Navajos.
Sees Tribe Opposing Split
residents should not have an electoral
It's All Over Now
A split 'would solve our problem,
voice in county government because
The Legal battle is "all over.' Platt
even though it doesn change the rony of
they are not subject to county taxes or
told the board. The court's decision was
the law. Platt said.
laws.
a "convenient way lv avoid the issue,"
But the biggest difficulty in changing
He also said that an Indian-controlled
he aid.
county boundaries would be the Navajo
board of supervisors will drain county
Although no further possibility exists
tribe. Platt said. The tribe "can engage
tax dollars from the tax paying off re-
for a legal solution favoring the southern
in anything they want to whether legal
portion of the county, Platt said other
or not if they don't want (a county split)
long-term solutions to the issue of who
to pass. he said,
controls the county are possible.
Platt said that during a recent
These remedies, according to Platt,
Washington trip he met with White
are changing either state or federal
House and Department of the Interior
legislation that allows persons who are
officials to dicuss the reapportionment
not responsible to county laws or taxes
to vote in county elections or the estab-
lishment of a separate non-reservation
county.
THE DAILY SENTIMEL
Date
10/14
Navajoland like Third World
country
In the white man's world, these char-
acteristics come across as extreme shy-
ness, lack of competition, in-
Travels for water
By ANN IMSE
decisiveness. Non-Indian teachers find
Susie Black must travel 30 miles over
MONUMENT VALLEY, Utah (AP) -
that children will neither ask questions
rutted dirt and sand roads for water
The Navajo reservation is a world
in class nor volunteer answers.
and supplies.
apart. The sun's hot glare blazes into
There is enough tribal and federal
Many houses of Navajoland are not
the deepest recesses of natural sand-
scholarship money available for every
much better than Susie Black's hogan.
stone canyons. Even the insects seem to
Navajo who wants to go to school to be
Only 18 per cent are large enough for all
have forsaken this desolate land, for the
able to do so on a full scholarship, said
their inhabitants (usually six or seven),
silence can be complete.
Thomas Jackson, president of the Col-
and have water, electricity and access
Occasionally, a small herd of sheep
lege of Ganado, a private junior college
to a road, according to Bureau of Indian
on the reservation.
tended by a young Navajo or an elderly
Affairs figures.
But he added that few do.
woman will pass into view, in search of
Navajos live in this largely desolate
further grazing among the scattered
"If you've been herding sheep all
reservation because it is their ancient
tufts of grass and desert bushes.
your life, the possibility of your dream-
homeland, because they were born
Navajoland covers 25,000 square
ing to be an airline pilot is very re-
here, and because the government put
mote," he said.
miles across three of the United States:
them here.
Arizona, New Mexico and Utah.
Virtually every Navajo, from shee-
Much of the Navajo reservation is
But it is more like a poor, under-
pherder to secretary, still participates
desert scrubland. During the hot sum-
developed country of the Third World,
in the religious ceremony, part medici-
mer months, it is rare to find water in
nal and part social.
struggling with the same problems of
the streambeds, baked and cracked
Medicine men
poverty, drought, illiteracy, lack of de-
from the blazing sun.
cent roads. Its language is obscure,
Friday Kinlicheene, 81, is a Navajo
But in the mountainous areas, the
making education difficult. Many of its
medicine man. He specializes in the
pine forests are cool and green.
Night Way, or Yeibichai Dance, a cere-
people trust the old ceremonies and
Few roads paved
medicine men more than doctors.
mony for mental illness. Medicine men
The chief form of transportation is
specialize in only a few of the more than
Live in hogans
the pickup truck, often battered into
Many of the people still live in mud-
premature old age by the rugged roads.
50 ceremonies, for they are com-
and-log huts called hogans. They say
per cent of the reservation's
plicated In the nine days of the Yei-
these are cooler in summer and warm-
roads are paved, mostly by the federal
bichai Dance, Kinlicheene will sing 576
er in winter than conventional-style
government.
songs and supervise four sand paintings
houses.
There is nothing tangible to prevent
and four ceremonial dances.
Susie Black lives in a hogan in Mon-
the Navajos from crossing the reserva-
One of the sings is designed to cure
ument Valley, an isolated, beautiful
tion border to try to make their way into
Navajos of afflictions brought on by con-
area of sandstone monoliths on the Ari-
middle class America. In fact, tribal
tact with nonNavajos.
zona-Utah border. The area has often
leaders are trying to bring middle class
Progress is moving into Navajoland,
been used as a backdrop for television
America to the reservation with mod-
bringing such attendant problems as
commercials and Westerns.
ern housing, supermarkets and some in-
pollution and alcoholism. The ceremo-
Susie Black has six children to raise
dustry.
nial sings will probably survive, for like
in this octagonal one-room hogan. A
The transition is difficult.
them. Polish weddings, everyone enjoys
small barrel converted to a stove pro-
Lack of experience with such modern
vides heat. Light streams through the
But there is much more to being Nav-
smoke hole and door. There are no win-
skills as business management has re-
ajo. And while these people want to live
dows.
sulted in federal investigations of the
in the more comfortable, modern
The metal beds, overstuffed arm-
tribe's finances.
world, they do not want to become ag-
chair, wooden shelves and gas stove
Do not own land
gressive enough to go out and grab it.
look out of place on the dirt floor,
No one pays property taxes, for the
Navajos do not own their land. The
against walls of skinned juniper logs. A
tiny propane tank is stuck into the mud
tribe does. Only those who live in tribal
that covers the outside of the hogan.
housing pay rent.
Characteristics and customs instilled
by the Navajo culture - alien to the
rushed and competitive life of the rest
of the United States - hinder the Nav-
ajo's way into the white man's world.
Navajos teach their children defe-
rence and cooperation. They try to
reach their decisions by consensus.
UNITED INDIAN
The organization, with offices here,
DEVELOPMENT
in Oakland and Escondido, assists In-
dian businesses in acquiring loans
ASSOCIATION
and help with contract procurement
and management. Lester says UIDA
has helped boost the number of Indi-
an-owned businesses in California to
1541 Wilshire Blvd.
400 grossing about $30 million from
Suite 307
220 grossing $8 million in 1972.
Los Angele
90017
Like other minorities, Indians have
(213) 483
to deal with myths and stereotypes.
Lester says people think the Indian is
a primitive man with little under-
standing of modern society, and Indi-
an businesses as small shops turning
out turquoise, silver and beadwork.
That is not SO today. Tom Warner,
a Cherokee, for example, owns Air-
craft Engineering in Paramount,
which successfully won a $900,000
contract to do work on the Space
Shuttle for Rockwell International's
space division in Downey.
Ted Wiley, an Alaska Indian of the
Tlingit tribe, heads Bonded Pavers,
an asphalt paving contractor based in
Westminister. His firm recently was
selected for a Santa Monica City
School contract. And Edna Cooke, a.
Mohawk, is the proprietor of Cordon
Bleu, a French restaurant in Glendo-
ra.
While some Indians are making
progress in the private sector, Lester
says that as a group, they are still
not well known outside of the reser-
vations. There are no Indian enclaves
in the urban areas, yet there are 60,-
000 to 70,000 Indians in Los Angeles
County-the nation's largest Indian
A POW WOW-Two American Indians listen to A. David Lester,
concentration-but the Indian prob-
president of the United Indian Development Assn. The nonprofit
lems here have virtually no visibility.
organization provides assistance to Indian businesses.
Lester also points out that Indians
Times photo by Joe Kennedy
probably are the poorest of all minor-
ities. Unemployment among Indians
Ownership Called Key to
is 50% nationally and 40% in Califor-
nia. Three-fourths of the Indian pop-
ulation lives below the poverty line
of $4,000 for a nonfarm family of
Solving Indian Problems
four, according to the UIDA execu-
tive.
Lester contends Indians are poor
BY NANCY YOSHIHARA
because they have always been sys-
Times Staff Writer
tematically excluded from the Amer-
/ A. David Lester, a Creek Indian
nomic base," Lester said in an inter-
ican system.
and president of the United Indian
view at UIDA's office in Los Angeles.
Lester says UIDA's short-term goal
Development Assn. (UIDA). says the
To provide the resources and ex-
is to firmly establish an economic
solution to the poverty and unem-
pertise necessary to build that base,
base from which Indian businesses
ployment that continues to plague
members of the Indian community
can grow. He believes the organiza-
throughout California launched
tion has shown that Indians can run
most American Indians is ownership.
When Indians wanted to do some-
UIDA in 1970, a private, nonprofit
an economic development group and
thing that required economic re-
organization, funded by donations
profitably operate business enter-
sources, they had to go out of their
from Indian businessmen and individ-
prises."
community because there were no
uals and federal grants from the Of-
Lester believes this will provide
Indian banks for business develop-
fice of Minority Business Enterprise
the groundwork for UIDA's long-
ment groups.
and the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
term goal of preparing the Indians to
Since then, more than 33 large cor-
develop their own lands.
"There was little progress as long
as we had to depend on non-Indians.
porations such as Atlantic Richfield
Tns Angeles Times
So we decided to create our own eco-
Co., Bank of America, IBM Corp. and
Xerox have joined the program, pro-
viding support through donations,
volunteers for UIDA management
assistance and contracts for Indian
business owners.
OCT 13 1976
TUE DAILY OKLAHOMAN
OCT 13 1976
'BAD INFORMATION' TARGET
Indian Teens Protest Textbooks
A group of Indian teen-agers plan to appeal to
way because they were basically completely
the state Textbook Committee Wednesday for the
lazy."
elimination of "bad information in school books"
regarding Indians.
The junior from Douglass High School said she
Theresa Powell, a spokesman for the Oklahoma
isn't sure how receptive the committee will be but
City Indian Youth Council, said at a press confer-
the group will "pursue this matter until we've
ence Tuesday descriptions of Indians such as
won."
"hostile savages" and "uncivilized" appear in
Bob Gardiner, with the American Indian Train-
many texts and create "negative images in the
ing and Employment Board, said school books fail
minds of all students using them."
to point out Indian culture.
The textbook committee is meeting at the state
Non-Indian students reading texts with such
capitol Wednesday for final approval of a list of
objectionable descriptions tend to "turn around
books that may be purchased with state funds
and relate to the Indian (classmate) as a sav-
ov er the next four years.
age," he said.
Theresa Powell
Miss Powell said the group also will seek a
committee to review school texts used in elemen-
tary school and up.
She said objectionable sections "could just be
marked out" without eliminating the text.
She said the group of about 30 city Indian stu-
TULSA. OKLA..
dents are not aware of a text that puts Indians in
SOUTHSIDE TIMES
proper perspective. She told of one text that
WEEKLY
teaches Indians wouldn't adjust to the pioneers'
SEP 29 1976
Okie in Washington
economy in the operation of the federal
By SEN. DEWEY BARTLETT
In early 6297F 1975 Congress approved legislation
government. Since the successful Hoover
Commission, which conducted studies and
creating the American Indian Policy Review
issued recommendations for economy in
Commission, designed to review federal
government in the 1950's, everyone has talked
policies and programs for Indian people. I
about, further measures to improve the ef-
offered an amendment to this legislation
ficiency of our government, but not until
AALD 2. FORD
directing the Commission to undertake a
today has anything positive been done about
management study of the Bureau of Indian
it. The report by the management study team
Affairs, in order to determine ways to reduce
provides hard evidence that sound business
the costs and improve the services of the BIA.
principles can be applied to government, with
Now, 20 months later, the Commission has
tremendous rewards in better services, lower
issued its report on the management study of
costs, and renewed public faith in the process
the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
of government. It is now up to Congress, the
The report includes 23 recommendations
President, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs
for improved management activities in the
to see that the recommendations of the
Bureau of Indian Affairs. Full im-
management study are implemented.
plementation of those recommendations
Meanwhile, I plan to continue my efforts to
would amount to annual savings of
apply the management study concept to other
$112,800,000 in the Bureau's budget, and a one-
operations of the government. I will rein-
time savings of $20,000,000, according to the
troduce in the next session of Congress
Commission's report.
legislation I proposed earlier this year to
I considered this report a genuine landmark
provide for a series of management studies
in the struggle for greater efficiency and
throughout the Federal Government.
How a college reached its Indian
Not 'This is what you must do,' but
students
rather, 'Tell us what you need'
By Helen Ellsberg
cation for them. The doors of communication
Special to
were open.
The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor
First, the students requested their own coun-
selor and submitted the name of Muriel Muller
BOSTON, ISS
El Cajon, California
from the Viejas Reservation. Mrs. Muller, Se-
D. 131,734
One of the most successful native American
neca Indian from New York, wife of then
programs in California began when the Gross-
Viejas tribal spokesman Joe Muller, was vi-
mont College administration's attitude toward
tally interested in Indian education as was her
OCT 12 1976
its Indian students changed from "This is what
you must do" to "Tell us what you need and
husband. She readily accepted the position of
native American coordinator at the college.
we will try our best to provide it."
The whole atmosphere changed dramati-
Grossmont Community College, with an en-
cally.
rollment of more than 16,000 and located on a
With transportation a major problem and
scenic mesa near the city of El Cajon, has
many prospective students still shy about brav-
seven small Indian reservations in the area it
ing the college campus, Mrs. Muller suggested
serves. Yet from its opening in 1961 until 1974,
in the spring of 1973, that college courses be
only one degree had ever been awarded to a
held in the evenings on the Viejas Reservation.
native American. Year after year, Indian stu-
dents registered, attended for a time, became
Graduation program
discouraged, and dropped out. Actually, they
The administration agreed to try it for one
were eager to learn and to stay in school but
semester with basic, noncredit courses. The
felt alienated and isolated.
Indian Education Advisory Board was invited
to Grossmont to interview teachers. These
Own counselor chosen
were chosen for their understanding and em-
When Erv Metzgar was appointed president
pathy toward the Indians.
in 1970, he determined to reach this segment of
Enthusiasm and retention were so high in
the college's potential students. With faculty
the reservation classes and the results were SO
members chosen for sensitivity, patience, and
gratifying that the college and Mrs. Muller ap-
cultural awareness, he met with the Indians to
plied for funding for college-credit courses.
discuss mutual problems and to assure them of
The funds were granted, and the reservation
the school's desire to provide meaningful edu-
program now got under way in earnest.
In June, 1974, Grossmont College held a spe-
idea. Courses were scheduled in small business
cial graduation exercise in the local Alpine
management; campsite planning and organiza-
School auditorium for the first three Viejas
tion, and related subjects.
graduates. There were congratulatory
speeches by members of the faculty and advi-
$1 million awarded
sory boards, and afterward refreshments and
This staunch support by the college was lit-
dancing - all in an atmosphere of pride and
erally worth a million-dollars to the Indians of
friendliness.
Viejas, for $1,750,000 was awarded by OEO for
Says Dr. Julio Garcia, Grossmont liaison ad-
the recreational vehicle park. John Williams,
ministrator for the Viejas project, "Seventy
coordinator and program evaluator for OEO,
students are now enrolled in reservation or
stated that despite the reservation's small size,
the Viejas proposal was one of only seven ap-
campus classes. There have been 20 graduates.
proved because of the Grossmont College
Twenty percent are now employed, 28 percent
agreement to train Indian personnel in camp-
are continuing their education. This percentage
ground management.
should increase noticably in the next few years
Next, the Viejas project hopes to begin pre-
as the program continues. There is an ex-
training students for professions such as law,
panding job market for native Americans, but
medicine, and engineering. Plans are being
they need to be trained."
made for an educational consortium that would
During the drafting of a proposal applying
make it possible to expand classrooms and pro-
for funds from the Office of Economic Oppor-
vide transportation for students from other
tunity (OEO) for a recreational vehicle park
reservations.
on Viejas Reservation, spokesman Joe Muller
It will not be simple, There are always prob-
discussed with Grossmont administrators the
lems. But after three increasingly successful
possibility of having training classes in busi-
years, Grossmont College and the Viejas na-
ness management for reservation personnel SO
tive Americans are both prepared to say that
that they could operate the campground facil-
with genuine cooperation, understanding, and
ity themselves.
concentrated effort between schools and reser-
The college enthusiastically supported his
vations, anything is possible.
Former Indian agency director
files suit alleging discrimination
Jack Carson, relieved of his duties as
adds.
superintendent of the Horton Indian
Across
On June 14, 1974. the petition con-
Agency in April 1975, filed suit Tuesday
tends, Simon and Golsin "threatened to
alleging he was the victim of racial
KANSAS
physically take over the Horton
discrimination because he IS white.
agency" if Carson wasn't removed
His suit. filed in U.S. District Court
That same month. it IS further
here by Robert E. Tilton, Topeka
alleged, Simon libeled Carson In
attorney. names as defendants Morris
statements made to the news media
Thompson. commissioner of the
Goslin and James asked for an
federal Bureau of Indian Affairs:
The suit also contends Carson can't
investigation of Carson in a telegram
Charles James. area BIA director. and
get another BIA assignment because of
sent to the BIA in Washington on Nov
three members of the Kickapoo Tribe of
government rules which require jobs
4. 1974
Kansas.
go to Indians if they meet minimum
Two months later, in January. 1975.
The three tribal members named are
qualificiations.
it further states. Goslin mailed libe-
Ralph Simon. Amos G Gostin and
It also contends the alleged conspira-
lous and slanderous newsletters to
Chfford 0. Steve Cadue
cy continues to the present day, claim-
members of the Kickapon Tribe
Carson's petition says he IS white and
ing Cadue as late as Oct. 6, 1976. told
Other meetings followed. the petition
all five defendants are Indians.
James' replacement under no cir-
alleges, and in February 1975 ames
The suit seeks actual and punitive
cumstances would Indians accept Car-
went to Washington. DC. conterred
damages which "trial shall indicate as
son's reinstatement, even though lead-
with Thompson about Carson and on
justified." but asks no fixed amount
ers of five-sixths of the Indians at Hor-
Feb. 12. Thompson advised James
Carson does not demand reins-
ton had demanded his reinstatement
concurred in a decision tooust at
tatement in his petition. but asks for a
Carson has remained at his home in
Three days later the petition
jury trial in Topeka
Horton. drawing full salary but with no
linues. James met with Indian is
'Defendants have conspired to
duties to perform since being relieved
and said Carson would T10 lenger
destroy plaintiff's career 111 the
by James on April 10. 1975. the petition
any influence over Indian programs 111
government service because he IS a
adds.
his new assignment in Aradar
white man and they are Indians," the
The suit alleges Carson. a veteran of
Okla
petition says
21 years in government service, has
On April 1975. the says
been the object of a conspiracy to
led by Simon Hiegally occupie The
remove him since early 1974.
Indian agency offices in intor and
'Defendants. through a series of
"illegally. falsely imprisoned Jain
agreements and acts. have conspired to
tiff.' issued demands and woulde
have plaintiff removed from his duties
arson leave
and office as superintendent of the
The next day James relaeved ersen
Horton agency of the Bureau of Indian
as superintendent
Affairs," it says.
"As a result of the unlawni conduct
In April and May 1974. the suit
of defendants. the fitten Save
contends, Simon, Cadue and Goslin
plaintiff has suffered indigred
"met and agreed to intimidate and
embarrassment nervousness
threaten plaintiff" in order to secure
humiliation and insult and ntitied
his removal as superintendent
actual and punitive daman
Later. those three met with Thomp-
Topeko Doil. Cor
son "in futherance of their scheme." 11
Wednesday, October 27
37
The Jules Fribune
TULSA, OKLA.
D. 79,425
OCT
19
1976
Tulsan seeks Cherokee tribal post
The only Tulsan among 43 Cherokee
"I know this won't make me popular
Cherokee jurisdiction except for a busi-
Indians seeking one of the tribal council
among the Delawares but I believe it is
ness committee to pursue claims and
posts during the current campaign is
time we get them out of the Cherokee
other tribal interests.)
Mrs. Lucille Maish, a niece of the late
tribe and into their own tribe," she
Robert S. Kerr.
said.
MRS. MAISH said she realized the
Mrs. Maish, a halfblood, has served
federal government would have to be-
(The federal government arranged a
the past year as an appointed council
come involved in such a separation of
treaty between the Delawares and
tribes but contends it would be better
member at the request of Chief Ross
Cherokees in 1867, allowing the Dela-
Swimmer. The mail balloting is going
for both eventually.
wares to purchase land and tribal
on this month and results will be an-
membership from the Cherokees. The
She emphasized she is an indepen-
nounced in mid-November.
Delawares placed themselves under
dent candidate, despite having served
The Cherokees will elect a deputy
as a Swimmer appointee. She also is
chief and 15 council members in accor-
active in the Council of American Indi-
dance with a new tribal constitution
ans, Tulsa County Cherokees and the
approved last summer.
Ohoyohoma Club. She is on the Chero-
Mrs. Maish is the widow of the late
kee tribal finance committee.
Fred A. Maish, a longtime engineer for
Mrs. Maish was employed seven
Williams Companies who was killed ac-
years in the income and withholding
cidentally on a project in Nigeria in
division of the Internal Revenue Ser-
1969.
vice and also has worked as a rate
Her father was O. W. Kerr of Vinita,
analyst for International Business Ma-
an engineer for the state of Oklahoma
chines.
and rancher, and brother of the late
Tulsa County Sheriff Dave Faulkner
Oklahoma governor and U.S. senator.
is seeking the deputy chief post along
Her mother was a fulblood Cherokee.
with Tulsan James L. Gordon, a can-
MRS. MAISH said if elected she will
didate for chief last year, and R. Perry
work toward settlement of the Ar-
Wheeler, mayor of Salisaw.
kansas River bed ownership matter,
implementation of the Indian Self-De-
termination Act, increase of tribal land
and housing, development of a legal
program for all Cherokees and finan-
cial assistance for Cherokee business
development.
She also plans to raise the question of
intra-tribal problems concerning the so-
called Cherokee Delawares, a con-
troversy that has simmered in the
MRS. LUCILLE MAISH
tribe for more than 100 years.
Kerr's niece
Page 10-The Robesonian, Lumberton, N.C., Friday, October 22, 1976
Gene Locklear Featured
In Pre-Series TV Show
PEMBROKE
-
Gene
Locklear's other paintings,
friend, Pete Rose, with whom
Locklear, the Lumbee Indian
there was accompanying music
Locklear played while with the
from Pembroke who joined the
in a well put-together show.
Cincinnati Reds.
New York Yankees late in the
Locklear commented on how
season and was thus not eligible
he became a painter, mostly
Paintings were also shown of
for the World Series, came out
through his own efforts and with
old farm houses and tobacco
as a winner even though his
no formal training.
barns in the Pembroke area,
teammates lost last night.
Several close studies of his
and Locklear explained them to
The reason: In Joe
work was shown on the
host Garagiola.
Garagiola's pre-game show,
Garagiola show, including
The final painting on which a
Locklear and his art work were
paintings of Locklear's good
close study was done by the RV
featured.
cameras was Locklear's
The program gave about 10
interpretation of the past
minutes of world-wide publicity
Yankee greats: Joe DiMaggio,
to the Lumbee Indians and
Mickey Mantle and at the focal
Pembroke, both of whom
point of the painting - the
Locklear mentioned. With the
legendary Babe Ruth.
vast viewing audience of the
World Series, it was a public
Locklear pictures himself,
relations bonanza for the
too, in this painting as a
Lumbees.
youngster looking up to these
The National Broadcasting
Padres
all-time Yankee stars, perhaps
Company, in fact, sent a film
envisioning himself in similar
crew to Pembroke to film
Locklear's mural in the Lumbee
32
roles.
One thing for sure. The
Bank of the Lumbee Indians'
Yankees' pinch hitting, which
struggle for self-realization,
was woefully weak in the World
including a close-up view of
Series, could have used a bat
Indian Normal School, now
like Locklear's. He has been a
Pembroke State University. As
perennial .300 hitter in both the
the TV camera moved slowly
majors and minors - when he
across the mural and
GENE LOCKLEAR
received a chance to play.
Trimble is in Utah for
the 33rd annual meeting
Deseret News
of the NCAI, which will
Traffic Down
draw representatives of
SALT LAKE CITY. UTAH
20 different Indian gov-
D. 70,000
ernment next week.
One of the Issues to be
At Reservation
considered at the confer-
OCT 1 5 1976
ence is a proposal to
abolish the BIA and re-
Special to The Sentinel
Some businessmen in the
Indian
place it with a super
agency to administer all
Langlade, Wis. Automo-
Langlade-Pickerel area were
bile traffic and business is
reluctant to comment on the
Indian affairs on federal
reported down along High-
situation, saying that the
lands, Trimble said.
way 55, which follows the
more news coverage the issue
leader
During the Salt Lake
Wolf River through the Me-
received, the more trouble
meeting, the NCAI will
nominee Indian reservation.
Menominees might cause on
take a close look at
the reservation.
President Ford and
Businessmen and resort
Jimmy Carter.
operators north of the reser-
Jopek said that the Sha-
wano Chamber of Commerce
raps
"Carter's policies re-
vation report that traffic fell
off in 1975 and this year.
has sometimes advised mo-
garding Indians are not
torists of possible trouble in
yet known," he said, and
Some blame unrest on the
the reservation.
bureau
President Ford's ad-
reservation for the decrease.
ministration recently has
Others point to low water In
People rafting or canoeing
been departing from past
the Wolf River as another
into the reservation from
The federal Bureau of
polices.
factor.
Langlade County were some-
Indian Affairs (BIA) has
However, Trimble
times pelted with stones and
The 1976 rafting season on
been heavily criticized,
praised the President for
asked for money by Indians.
the Wolf is considerably
"and it deserves it," a
signing a $480 million
down from previous years.
However, no such troubles
national Indian leader
Indian Health Care Im-
said today.
According to George W.
were reported in recent
provement Act. Indian
Steed Jr., owner of the River
months along the main routes
Charles E. Trimble,
leaders had feared he
executive director of the
would veto it as inflatio-
Lodge here, his raft rentals
through the reservation.
National Congress of
nary.
dropped 25% to 40% this
Those routes are Highway 55
and
Lang-
American Indians
The NCAI lobbied very
lade and other points north,
(NCAI), said the BIA has
hard to get the act
There are no firm figures
and Highway 47 through
failed to properly repres-
through Congress and re-
on Highway 55 traffic be-
Neopit to the juncture with
ent the interests of
gard the measure as "an
cause the State Division of
Highway 45 south of Antigo.
Indians.
important step toward
Highways did not count vehi-
He cited recent BIA-
improving the everyday
cles on 55 as they have on
The situation on 55 18 made
negotiated contracts with
life of Indians," he said.
some other major routes lead-
all the more irritating to busi-
coal mining companies to
ing to the northland.
nessmen along the highway
Only 12 of the 57 Indian
mine coal on reserva-
health care facilities in
because traffic is up on other
Such counts must be re-
routes to northern Wisconsin.
tions in the Rocky Moun-
the U.S. can presently
quested by local units of gov-
tains as an example.
meet federal fire safety
standards. And the ac-
ernment, and no such request
Herman W. Smith, re-
"The tribes will get
money, but when the coal
creditation status is just
was made for 55, said Joseph
source agent at Rhinelander,
is gone, all that will be
as bad, he said.
Jopek, Langlade County re-
said traffic in July of this
source agent.
year was up 6.1% on High-
left is a big hole in the
Among other issues to
way 45 at Antigo and 3.88%
ground," Trimble said.
be discussed at the NCAI
Estimates of the falloff in
on Highway 32 at Laona.
No provisions were
convention will be Indian
traffic range from 75%,
Other highways also showed
made for long-term
treaties, tribal govern-
claimed by a Langlade tavern
increases, he said.
economic gains, such as
ment, legal jurisdictions
operator, to lesser amounts
by other merchants.
The situation is especially
partnership agreements
and federal administra-
controverslal in the Langlade
or projects to develop
tion.
The reduced traffic has cut
area, just north of the reser-
employment for local re-
Sessions of the conven-
business at the service station
vation.
sidents, he said.
tion will be held Monday
owned by Michael Klimoskl
Indian lands in the
through Thursday at the
at the corner of Highways 55
Herbert Buettner, owner of
West are in an area of
Salt Palace. Also fea-
and 64 here.
the Wild Wolf Inn just north
rich energy resources,
tured will be Indian
of the reservation on High-
and Indian policies of the
handicrafts and a down-
"There has been a signifi-
way 55, and other Langiade
future must take this into
town parade on Wed-
cant drop in traffic here,"
County raft outfitters were
nesday.
Klimoski said. "You can see
consideration, he said.
charged a much higher fee by
what the people are doing.
the Indians than in other
They're taking Highway 32
years to send rafters into the
or 45."
reservation, which has some
In many cases, he said,
of the most thrilling raplds
motorlsts driving north are
and whitewater.
MILWAUKEE SENTINEL
using Highway 64 running
All of the raft renters de-
MILWAUKEE, WISC.
east-west across the state to
cided last summer not to send
intersect with 55 north of the
rafters Into the reservation
11. 167,765
reservation, thus avoiding a
unless customers wanted to
drive through Indian country.
go.
OCT 1 1976
THE DAILY SENTIME!
GRAND
Payment for land
Indians collect millions
in settlement of claim
TAMA, Iowa (AP) - After 30 years of
trucks, new and used, "and they're still
legal pow-wows, the Mesquakie Indians
coming in," said auto dealer Ruth Kas-
have collected $6.6 million from Uncle
al. "A lot have invested their money
Sam as settlement of a century-old debt
and will borrow to buy the vehicles."
for 17 million acres of land.
The Mesquakie, whose nation is
The tribe that lives in Tama's pine-
known as the Sac and Fox of the Mis-
forested hills got the money for land it
sissippi in Iowa, don't feel the govern-
once owned in Iowa, Missouri, Illinois
ment gave them the money as a goodw-
and Kansas. The U.S. government ac-
ill gesture or apology.
quired it in 10 treaties between 1804 and
"We sued them for it and we beat
1867.
them," Pushetonequa said. "We've had
"The government is very slow when
to battle them for everything we have."
it comes to Indians," Frank Pusheto-
Filed in 1948
nequa, the tribal planner, said in an in-
The suit was filed in 1948 but didn't
terview. President Ford signed a bill ap-
even get to court until 1956. The long
propriating the money last year, after
battle was fought for the Indians prima-
the tribe won a court suit.
rily by Lawrence Mills, a Chicago at-
Divided by tribe
torney.
The tribe decided to divide 80 per cent
"The blankety-blank government
of the money - $5,267,738 - among its
found all kinds of excuses," Mills said.
902 members now and put the rest into a
"They don't like to see the Indians get
trust held by the federal government. If
what's coming to them."
the Mesquakie want some of that
$1,316,395 or its interest, they must say
how they intend to use it.
"People think we're getting so much
money, but they don't realize how small
the individual payments are," said
Pushetonequa.
Per capita payments were $5,840. The
tribe's 329 minors get their shares when
they reach age 18.
"That kind of money is nothing
today," said a Mesquakie housewife,
who spent most of her $5,840 on bills.
Sales increase
Merchants in this central Iowa town
reported increased sales to the Indians
after the windfall arrived last month,
especially of household appliances, tele-
vision sets and clothing.
Several Mesquakie bought cars and
2
THE HERALD-NEWS. Wolf Point, Montana, Thursday, September 9, 1976
Area Non-Indian Group
To Meet in Wolf Point
A Fort Peck Reservation non-Indian
Indians at a state meeting scheduled for
group which met as "Concerned Citizens
Oct. 2.
for Equal Rights" at the end of July has
-Discussion of which specific problems
scheduled a meeting Sept. 20 in Wolf
the group should attack first.
Point at the Elks Ballroom.
-And the formation of a committee to
determined.
meet with the Fort Peck Tribal Executive
After joining with a state group
Board.
composed of representatives from Mon-
tanan's six other reservations Aug. 14,
A meeting with the Fort Peck Assini-
the group now calls itself "Montanans
boine and Sioux Tribes was one of the
Opposing Discrimination."
group's objectives when it met in July.
The diversified group of farmers,
"No meeting has been held yet,"
ranchers, city land owners and bankers
Johnson said. "At the Sept. 20 meeting
came together a little over a month ago
we're going to try to decide a couple of
because of a fear of Indian control with
issues to concentrate on and meet with the
regards to land and law enforcement
tribe. If we work together, I hope we can
jurisdiction on the reservation.
get some of the problems worked out.
Primary concern of the group centered
"We're not a militant group," he
on a bill currently before the United
cautioned. "We were formed for the
States Congress which could give tribal
purpose of protecting the rights of non-
governments criminal and civil jurisdic-
Indians on reservations."
tion over non-Indians living on Indian
Johnson said the three priority issues
reservations.
which would be discussed Sept. 20 are law
Wolf Point's Keith Johnson -a tempo-
and order, land leasing and jurisdiction.
rary state organization delegate from this
He added that the two elected delegates
area with Poplar's John Nordwick, and
would meet with delegates from the other
secretary of the local chapter-said Sept.
Montana reservations Oct. 2 to "pick up a
20's meeting in Wolf Point would be
problem and take it as we go, through the
concerned with five items:
courts or through tribal councils."
-A report from 11 persons who
Fort Peck's chapter of the state
attended the state "Montanans Opposing
organization has "in the neighborhood of
Discrimination" meeting in Great Falls.
125 members," Johnson said. "We're
-Election of a local board of directors
and officers.
going to start a membership drive after
the September meeting-going house-to-
-Election of two delegates to repre-
house and farm-to-farm to get as many
sent the Fort Peck Reservation non-
new members as we can."
6
THE HERALD-NEWS. Wolf Point. Montana. Thursday, September 30, 1976
MOD Lists Basic Problem Areas
Editor's note: After Sept.
agenda items. Apparently,
20's meeting of the Fort
-Water rights.
that wasn't the meeting's
within boundaries of the
Peck Reservation chapter of
-Hunting on deeded land
purpose. "Purpose of the
reservation. The state has
Montanans Opposing Dis-
without permission of own-
meeting was for informa-
jurisdiction over felonies and
crimination [MOD], some
ers and in complete disre-
tion," Richard Reid, a mem-
juvenile crimes committed
people questioned why spec-
gard for personal property
ber of the group, said last
by non-Indians "If not
on the reservation.
ific problems encountered
week. "We wanted to try to
against Indians." Justice
by non-Indians on this reser-
-Accretion land control,
draw people into this organ-
courts handle minor crimes
vation weren't discussed at
or change in river flow
ization - discuss problems
and traffic offenses, and the
length.
adding additional land along
occurring today and in the
tribal courts handle minor
the river.
Tom Reid, a member of
future."
offenses committed by In-
the group [not vice presi-
-Disruption of the tax
In order to present speci-
dians against Indians and
dent, as incorrectly reported
system.
fic obstacles they believe
non-Indians.
last week], touched on a few
-Litter and garbage
non-Indians living on the
In the 1920's, the state
of the non-Indian group's
spread throughout all parts
reservation should be fami-
courts exercised jurisdiction
of the reservation.
concerns, but the remainder
liar with, MOD members
over some Indian offenses on
of the two hour meeting was
-Land rights.
and county officials met with
reservations and brought
devoted to speakers from
Roosevelt County Atty.
the Herald-News'
editor
them to justice courts, Mc-
reservations in western
James McCann spoke on the
Moday morning. Following
Cann said. "If the Indian
Montana and South Dakota.
jurisdictional problems he
are a few of the problems
person didn't object, we'd go
Consequently, some mem-
faces, explaining that there
they're concerned
with.
ahead and prosecute," he
bers of the Fort Peck Tribes
are four different jurisdic-
Next week, we hope to
said. "That went on until
tions for criminal activities
voiced the opinion that, "I
present comments
from
1970. Then various groups
on the reservation-federal
hear a lot of problems on
members of the Fort Peck
began to make Indians wise
other reservations, but none
district court, state district
Tribes.
to the fact that state courts
here."
court, justice court and tri-
MOD members outlined
didn't have jurisdiction."
bal court.
In addition, officials of the
seven specific problem
Since then, McCann point-
He said federal district
group had indicated before
ed out, "I haven't had a
areas:
the meeting that they were
court has exclusive jurisdic-
-Civil and criminal juris-
successful prosecution of a
going to discuss four specific
tion over major crimes com-
diction in the courts.
case with non-Indian com-
mitted by or against Indians
mitting an offense against an
Indian, because the state
doesn't have jurisdiction
over Indians either way.
Tribal courts say they can't
handle it when one's com-
mitted by a non-Indian. Al-
so, there's been virtually no
prosecution against offenses
committed by an Indian."
MOD is also concerned
with a proposed Senate bill
in Congress which would
allow tribal jurisdiction
over: all criminal offenses
committed by an Indian
against a non-Indian, and
criminal offenses committed
by non-Indians against In-
dians, or by non-Indians
against non-Indians.
On disruption of the tax
system, County Tax Asses-
sor Walter Greufe spoke
about impacts from a recent
state decision declaring re-
servation Indians exempt
from paying county taxes on
their motor vehicles.
"Not taxing cars'is going
0 hurt the county," Greufe
said. "The amount of money
lost doesn't sound like much,
but it hurts, and taxpayers
will have to make it up."
McCann added that all
county attorneys on Mon-
tana's seven reservations
have joined together to go to
through the auspices of the
Atty. Gen. Robert Woodahl,
federal government and the
hoping to set aside the
Homestead Act.
decision.
"The federal government
opened this reservation for
"(We believe) that as long
homesteading, not white
as Indians live on the reser-
men," he said. "We did not
vation, they don't need
steal this land, as the tribe
plates," he said. "But if they
implies. We paid the price of
leave, they should pay taxes
the day, and Indian parties
the same as everybody
are still getting the going
else."
price. After the Homestead
MOD members maintain,
Act, the U.S. government
according to Richard Reid of
issued patented land allot-
Poplar, that "if you have
ments, settlers paid the
land on the reservation you
price of the day to individual
have basic rights with the
tribal members and every-
water on that land.
body was satisfied at that
"We feel we have the
point."
same benefits with land on
At Monday's meeting,
the reservation as if we had
MOD members emphasized
land off the reservation," he
that violence is not one of
said. "Some tribal members
the organization's objec-
say they own all the water
tives.
that runs over, under,
"Not one of us haven't had
around or through the re-
fairness in mind," said Ro-
servation. We take excep-
bert Sweeting of north
tion to that statement and
Frazer. "That's the ground-
contend we do have water
work of our organization, or
rights."
we wouldn't be here. There
On land rights, MOD
were a lot of people (at the
claims they are not guests
Sept. 20 meeting) who indi-
on the reservation, but
cated we had a very fine
rather "we're citizens on this
meeting and were on the
reservation and we're going
right track. It will be to our
to act and stay as citizens,'
benefit if we keep going in
Reid said.
this direction."
He said homesteaders
"It's easy for them (tribal
came onto the reservation
members) to say we don't
have problems on this reser-
vation," another MOD mem-
ber said. "I don't think they
can possibly believe that in
They'll hold an organiza-
their own minds."
tional meeting some time in
Local MOD members say
October to adopt by-laws,
they plan to send delegates
elect officers, elect a board
to a state MOD meeting in
of directors and set up a
the first part of October.
priority of objectives.
6
THE HERALD-NEWS, Wolf Point, Montana, Thursday, October 7, 1976
Tribal Members Respond to MOD
(Editor's note: Last week
a general public meeting.
the recourse to bring it to
we outlined seven areas that
"Because they didn't, I
tribal court. "But if money is
the Fort Peck Reservation
think MOD will create a lot
owed to an Indian, there's no
chapter. of Montanans Op-
problems," he said.
way he can collect.
posing
mination
Barney Lambert, a mem-
"And if an offense is
(MOD)
felt
non-Indians
her of the tribal executive
committed against Pan In-
living here should be con-
board dded that instead of
dian, it can be taken to
cerned about
forming an organization like
federal
Specific problem
areas
MOD, interested persons
enough. On minor offenses
mentioned by MOD mem-
should have gotten together
they won't take jurisdiction.
bers were: civil and criminal
"and sat down with the
There are ample provisions
jurisdiction in the courts,
tribal council first and said,
in the law to take care of
water rights, hunting on
Here. we've got these prob-
non-Indians.
deeded land without per-
lems. But it kind of makes it
"They're also concerned
mission of owners and in
rough when they form this
with the fact that various
complete disregard for per-
group and go ahead and
tribes have passed or-
sonal property, accretion
bring in outsiders who don't
dinances to assume jurisdic-
land control, disruption of
know the problems.
tion over non-Indians," Hol-
the tax system, litter and
"I've always felt we've
low said. "This tribe hasn't
garbage spread throughout
gotten along good with
done that. The only reason
all parts of the reservation
everybody until they came
we haven't done it at this
and land rights.
upwith something like this,"
point is that we don't want
Since we believe everyone
he continued. "It's going to
to create ill feeling between
should be allowed their say
cause a lot of hard feelings;
non-Indians and Indians.
on the issues, the Herald-
people will begin to take
There is no reason we can't
News conducted interviews
sides if they continue to
have a meeting of the minds
with members of the Fort
carry on the way they have
Norman Hollow
to arrive at a solution ac-
Peck Assiniboine and Sioux
been. Already, there are
ceptable to both groups."
Tribes last week.
some had feelings on both
just trying to stir up a stink
Hollow also feels that, as a
Here's what they think
sides. They could have
around here-that's all.
result of treaty provisions,
about the matters in dispute
avoided it by sitting down
We're just living up to
the tribe has the right to
and MOD itself.)
with the council to work
what's in our treaties. And
exercise rights of hunting
It is the basic contention
something out. But it may
they're talking about dis-
and fishing.
of Fort Peck Tribal mem-
be too late, because people
crimination. What if they
"The tribes do have this
hers that MOD will create a
are getting stirred up and
came on this earth as an
prerogative-this is our
lot more heartaches and
it's pretty hard to undo
Indian, then what would
land,' he said. "Other reser-
problems as it goes along
that."
they do?"
vations allow only their own
than find solutions.
Tribal board member
Hollow admits there is a
members to hunt and fish.
"The first step they
Jesse Kirn said "they're
problem concerning jurisdic-
We've been real lenient with
should have taken," said
(MOD) making it hårder for
tion, "not on offenses com-
non-Indians here. We allow
Norman Hollow, Fort Peck
us to get along and live
mitted against non-Indians,
them to hunt and fish on the
Tribal Chairman, "was to
together."
but on offenses committed
reservation, providing they
contact the tribal council and
"I don't even pay atten-
against Indians.
have a state license and a
schedule private meetings
tion to those guys," tribal
As an example, he pointed
tribal permit."
with them to discuss some of
hoard member
Stanley
out that if an Indian writes a
Clark Madison, executive
these issues before going to
Yellowrobe said. "They're
had check, merchants have
director of the Fort Peck
Contd.
Madison believes the issue
they're using them as broad
of water rights shouldn't
policy statements of the
have been raised by MOD.
organization."
"This tribe is just as
"The way I see it," Lam-
worried about water rights
bert said, "the Indian is just
as the non-Indians are," he
beginning to stand up for
said. "I believe that in the
himself. Indians have been
future the Fort Peck Tribes
in the dark all these years
will bring it to litigation. So
and are finally beginning to
if MOD makes some definite
realize how they're being
statement about what their
ripped off, and this is what
water rights are it's wrong,
MOD doesn't like. It's as
because it hasn't been in
simple as that."
litigation. Whereas the In-
"There are some hot tem-
dian people have a treaty
pers," Hollow concluded,
with the American govern-
"but it's never too late to sit
ment."
down and discuss some of
BARNEY LAMBERT
MOD also shouldn't be
the issues."
concerned with accreted
Planning District, added,
land, Madison said. "It has
"The Indian, has exclusive
nothing to do with the
rights to hunt within the
tribe-it has to do with the
exterior boundaries of the
courts because it's a matter
reservation, subject to tribal
currently under litigation."
code. That's a pastime of
On the matter of litter and
Indian people-to hunt on
garbage spread throughout
their land.
the reservation Kirn said, "I
"I don't think they (MOD)
don't know what MOD's
have a thing to stand on
talking about. In the last
concerning that deal," he
couple of years the tribe's
said. "That's something In-
made some real good pro-
dian people are proud of-
gress in cleaning up the
their hunting rights."
reservation. Plus it's all
On land rights, Hollow
tribal land that these towns
pointed out that the Su-
are using for dump
preme Court has ruled that
grounds."
reservations include all
areas within the exterior
boundaries of the reserva-
Hollow contended that
tion, "so if we want to
"we haven't dealt with non-
exercise that right we have
Indians here as the other
the prerogative to do so."
tribal councils have, because
"They're forgetting that
we want to have good public
it's tribal land in the first
relations with the general
place set aside for members
public. But this public rela-
tionship has got to be a two-
of the tribe to make a
way street. This tribal coun-
living," Madison said. "They
cil has been pretty broad-
(MOD) can see it's slowly
minded toward an effort to
going back to Indian people,
improve relations.
"If we wanted to, we could
start our own grocery or
where it belongs anyway.
clothing stores, and take
It's slowly squeezing out
away some of their busi-
some of the white ranchers,
ness," he continued. "We
which seems to be the basis
could also tax every busi-
ness on the reservation,
for MOD."
including farms, ranches and
Madison said that during
merchants in their respec-
the 1960's, the tribe lost an
tive towns. We could also go
average of 7,000 acres of
as far as to require that
land per year when Indians
liquor establishments secure
sold it to non-Indian farmers
permission from the tribe
and ranchers.
before they have the right to
"The tribe was gradually
operate and sell liquor on
losing it's land base to the
the reservation.
non-Indians." he
said.
"But we haven't," Hollow
"That's why we obtained
said. "Would this be the
FHA funds so the tribe could
right approach to take? It
buy land from individual
seems to me that individuals
lottees. When the non-
are using this organization
Indian guy didn't have the
(MOD) to try to get indivi-
option of buying it, he
dual problems solved, and
complained to the tribe."
2
THE HERALD-NEWS, Wolf Point, Montana, Thursday, October 14, 1976
Rancher Charged
$500 For Violation
Of Trespass Law
In a major test of the Fort
Indian ranchers were Lionel
hauled most of these cattle
Peck Tribes' recently en-
Flynn, Mable Fourstar, Carl
south of Oswego, about 100
acted Livestock Trespassing
Fourstar, Dusty Archdale,
head, two weeks ago.
ordinance, which went into
Gladys Jackson and Joe
"I don't lease all of the
effect Aug. 15, John Gribble
Day.
land in the pasture," he
was charged $500 last week
They claimed that Grib-
admitted, "but I feel the
for letting his cattle roam at
ble's cattle ate up three oat
local people around there
large in the south Oswego
fields, including 20 acres
left the gates open; made it a
area.
which belong to Tom Nickels
point to throw them open.
The action came as a
and 40 acres of Forsness'
"It's absolutely not so that
result of complaints the Bu-
fields. They also say that the
I heavily overgrazed the
reau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
cattle ate winter feed, were
area," he continued. "Any-
and Fort Peck Tribes re-
trespassing on winter graz-
body can see that there is all
ceived from both non-Indian
ing land and trampled some
kinds of feed down there.
and Indian ranchers in the
of Day's irrigated alfalfa
They should have notified
area.
fields.
me that the cattle were out,
About 141 head of cattle
"We finally got tired of it
so I could get the cattle in
were impounded by the
and complained to the autho-
and take care of them. But
tribes' rangerider Thursday
rities," Joe Day said Friday.
they didn't."
afternoon and corralled on a
"We figure he (Gribble) had
patch of land just southeast
one cow for every acre of
Gribble said he plans on
of Oswego. Gribble, who
legally leased land. He has
getting set up "so I don't
owns a farm in the Prairie
about 140 acres leased from
need none of their Indian
Elk area south of the Mis-
the tribes."
land SO I can give it back to
souri River, had to pay fees
Because of the number of
the Indians."
for rounding the cattle up,
cattle Gribble grazed south
Allison noted that the
guarding them overnight
of Oswego compared to how
livestock trespassing or-
from Thursday to Friday
much leased land he has,
dinance was approved by
and for feed and care of the
Dave Allison, BIA soil con-
the Tribal Council and the
livestock.
servationist and
acting
BIA.
Gribble trailed the cattle
range conservationist, said
"It's a great ordinance,"
to another piece of land he
Gribble "was greatly ex-
he said. "People are going to
has east of Oswego after
ceeding his limits, The num-
have to start controlling
paying the charge.
ber of cattle he had (141)
their livestock and this or-
According to an FBI offi-
greatly exceeded the proper
dinance is one way it's going
cial, he is also liable for civil
stocking rate for that area.
to get them to do it. As far
action on any damage that
He's been in there all
as the BIA's concerned, we
occurred before the im-
summer with various
are short staffed and the
pounding.
bunches of cattle, and was
ordinance has greatly re-
Non-Indian ranchers in-
using as much free grazing
duced our running around on
volved in complaining to
land as he could."
trespasses, because the
authorities were Vincent
In a telephone interview
ranchers are watching their
Wolff and Dewey Forsness.
Tuesday, Gribble said he
cattle a lot closer."
BOSTON MASS
HERALD AMERICAN
OCT 20 1976
Maine Indians up suit
from $300M to $25B
By EARY MARCHAND AND THOMAS SULLIVAN
AUGUSTA-Damages sought in an In-
Scheduled to attend the session are
dian lawsuit against the State of Maine
Maine Banking Supt. Arthur Burton, Wil-
may be increased from $300 million to
liam Bullock Jr., head of the governor's
$25 billion, it was learned yesterday.
financial advisory council studying the
The disclosure came out of a five-
suit and representatives of the Federal
hour meeting last Thursday attended by
Reserve Bank, the Federal Deposit In-
Gov. James B. Longley, Asst. Atty.
surance Corp., the Federal Home Loan
Gen. John Patterson and Atty. Thomas
Bank and the U.S. Comptroller's office.
Tureen, counsel for the Passamaquoddy
Heightened concern about the suit has
and Penobscot Tribes, and chiefs of the
caused the indefinite postponement of a
tribes.
$27 million bond sale by the Maine Mu-
Tureen informed the state officials
nicipal Bond Bank, leaving numerous
the Indians may expand their suit by
communities across the state desperately
seeking damages back-dated 180 years,
short of cash.
it was learned.
Concern about the suit also threatens
When the Indian suit was filed in
to tie up real estate transactions and
1972, the litigation sought only monetary
home building throughout the affected
damages. It was alleged the two tribes
area.
were wrongfully deprived of land
amounting to almost two-thirds of the
"It is almost a joke, but it is SO damn
state.
serious," said banker Frederick New-
But an expanded suit would seek
man, chairman of the board and presi-
actual title to a large chunk of this land
dent of the Northeast Bankshare Assn.
and up damgaes from the original $300
"We don't like the situation one
million to an estimated $25 billion.
bit, but we are still taking mortgages,"
On Nov. 15, the federal government,
he added.
which represents the Indians, is
The court case, which may take years,
scheduled to appear before Federal
to resolve, has clouded title to forests
Judge Edward Gignoux in Bangor to ex-
and land in numerous communities.
plain its intentions in behalf of the In-
The actions of the Farmers Home
dians. At this time, it is expected, some
Administration, the single largest pro-
indication will be given on whether the
vider of loans for new homes and farms
Indians' suit will be amended or ex-
in the state, are being closely watched
panded.
by Maine bankers.
In the meantime, bankers in Maine
In many respects, the suit is similar
are mapping plans on how to deal with
to one filed by the Mashpee Tribe of
the potential impact of the staggering
Wampanong Indians to regain most of
lawsuit.
the 16,700 acres of the Town of Mashpee,
Top administrators from every Maine
Mass.
regulatory agency will meet at the Fed-
A major difference, however, is that
eral Reserve Bank in Boston to discuss
the federal government-the Interior and
the effects of the suit on bonds, tax
Justice Departments-are bringing the
anticipation notes and mortgages.
action in the Maine case.